Ap World History Vocabulary Words Essay Example

era for Persian language and literature as Persian poets emerged and it became the lingua franca in eastern parts of the Islamic world and South Asia. Charlemagne and his advisors attempted to revive the Roman Empire of the West during the decline of Carolingian Empire but their efforts to centralize authority in a central government likely failed. The West neglected economic infrastructure decay such as roads and bridges loss due to lack of manufacturing and monetary support from East when both regions were under single imperial authority. They also overlooked issues caused by dividing state among king's heirs based on traditional inheritance practices. Fortunately, Freakish realm remained under rule of single leader until around 830. The decline of Mongols in Persia occurred in 1335 leading to political anarchy.Alginate was divided among various factions after the successor of the Mongol ruler was killed by a Rata governor. This led to a period of chaos, during which the Georgians took advantage and expelled the Mongols from their territory. In the 16th century, European explorers like Ferdinand Magellan embarked on voyages in Oceania. Magellan's Spanish expedition accomplished the first circumnavigation of the world and discovered islands such as Marinas in Oceania. Later, British colonies were established in Australia (1788), New Zealand (1840), and Fiji (1872), incorporating much of Oceania into the British Empire. Paragraph 19 provides an overview of Pacific Islands' development.

During the Early Byzantine Empire era, the Roman army triumphantly conquered diverse territories across Mediterranean and coastal regions of southwestern Europe and North Africa. These territories were inhabited by groups with varying levels of civilization. The period known as Early Christianity spanned from Jesus' death around 30

AD to the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD.

After Qin Dynasty's rule, Emperor Gaozu (also known as Liu Bang) unified China's warring states through conquests and established Han Dynasty during its early reign.In early Japan, powerful clans controlled society until they eventually formed a royal lineage that became the Yamato imperial family in modern Nara Prefecture or potentially northern Shushi by the third century AD.

Before Islam gained dominance, East Africa practiced animism as its common religion. Societies were organized around family and lineage relationships.

Classical Persia relied heavily on herding due to unfavorable agricultural conditions. The Persians believed their resilience and toughness came from generations of adapting to a modest lifestyle.

During Medieval Europe, religion played a significant role in education. Monks taught boys in schools where they learned Latin reading and writing skills, which were crucial since both the Bible and Church services were conducted in Latin. Bishops also taught at cathedral schools. The Roman Catholic Church, led by the Pope, served as a center of learning during this time period. Groups of monks and nuns followed Christ's teachings.

In Han China, Emperor Wu (Liu Che) ruled from 141 BC to 87 BC as its seventh emperor.

The emergence of nation-states began in Western Europe. From 400 BC to 500 AD, the Roman Empire expanded its power and influence across Europe, leading to centralized rulers establishing currency systems, roads, and cities.The Han Dynasty eventually collapsed due to government corruption, peasant rebellion, and feudal lords holding power instead of the central government. This downfall was sealed when warlord Dong Zhuo manipulated Emperor Xian as a puppet, and later when warlord Cao Pi compelled Emperor Xian to abdicate in

220 AD. Similarly, the decline of the Roman Empire was caused by various factors including deteriorating morals, values, and public health; however, political corruption emerged as the primary reason behind its fall. Feudal monarchies were prevalent in Europe from the 9th to the 15th centuries. This system involved all land being held in fiefs while lords and vassals had specific relationships characterized by homage, legal obligations, and military service that could lead to forfeiture. Feudalism emerged in Europe due to disruptions caused by Germanic influences alongside a breakdown of Roman institutions. It thrived from 800-1400 with fixed relationships between lords and vassals who held lands from kings requiring loyalty and service.

The feudal period in Japan lasted from 1185 to 1868 witnessed powerful regional families dominating along with military rule by warlords known as shoguns (Adams¶). The Freakish Empire or Franca also referred to as Frankie denoted the Kingdom of the Franks or Freakish Kingdom ruled by them from the 3rd to the 10th century.
The Germanic Invasions began after defeating the Hung at Schools, but came to an end when migrating Germanic tribes invaded and transformed the Western Roman Empire into Medieval Europe. Ghana, a medieval West African empire flourishing from the 9th to 12th centuries, extended from the Atlantic coast towards Timeout. Changes Khan established and became Emperor of the Mongol Empire, creating history's largest contiguous empire until his death. Greek Philosophy originated in ancient Greece around the 6th century BCC and persisted during the Hellenistic era when Ancient Greece merged with Roman Empire. This philosophy covered various subjects. The Hamburg's Code, dating back to about 1772 BC, is one of the oldest preserved Babylonian

law codes in the world. Heeders refers to memoirs of Semitic peoples residing in ancient Palestine who claim descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; specifically Israelites (42). The Hellenic Empire reached its peak from 323 BC to around 146 BC (and even as late as 30 BC), encompassing Greek civilization beyond classical Greece. This period denoted a fusion of the Ancient Greek world with that of Near East, Middle East, and Southwest Asia, representing a departure from earlier Greek perspectives on "barbarian" cultures.Hellenic Philosophies had two distinct teaching methods - one focused on mathematics and continued Pythagoras' scientific work.The second method, also taught by Pythagoras, involved more mythical teachings. Hinduism, the dominant religion in the Indian subcontinent, incorporates a broad range of laws and guidelines for daily morality based on concepts like karma, dharma, and societal norms. Instead of having a fixed set of beliefs, Hinduism combines various intellectual and philosophical perspectives.

The Holy Roman Empire existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe. Throughout the Middle Ages and Early Modern period, this empire's nature changed as power shifted from the emperor to regional princes. Eventually, it transformed into a close union of territories centered around the Kingdom of Germany and included neighboring lands.

Primates belonging to the hominid family include chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, humans, and orangutans. Our modern human species is scientifically referred to as Homo sapiens. More specifically, Homo sapiens sapiens represents the subspecies that includes current humans.

The Indo-European languages consist of approximately 449 related languages and dialects. The Indus Valley Civilization thrived during the Bronze Age in present-day Pakistan and northwest India. Under Charlemagne's reign as ruler of the Holy Roman Empire starting in

800 AD., Christianity played a significant role in lifting Europe out of the Dark Ages.

"Dare al-LULAS" refers to lands under Islamic rule.
During prehistoric times, Ferrous metallurgy emerged as early iron artifacts were crafted using meteoritic iron-nickel found in Iran and China. Arab merchants and traders introduced Islam to India in the 7th century, becoming an integral part of Indian religious and cultural heritage upon its arrival in North India during the 12th century. Jansenism is an Indian religion that promotes non-violence towards all living beings while emphasizing self-effort for attaining divine consciousness and liberation. For further knowledge about Jesus, please consult the Bible. Gallus Julius Caesar, a Roman general, statesman, and writer, played a crucial role in transforming the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. The Justinian Code, based on Byzantine empire laws, served as a foundation for laws across many European nations. The Eastern Han or Later Han began when Lieu Xii became Emperor Gangue of Han on August 25. During a rebellion against Wang Mango, Gourde – a Korean state – raided Hand's Korean commandeered region; however, Han regained control over that area in 30 CE.The European elite after the Renaissance were greatly influenced by the legacy of ancient Greece, as they saw themselves as spiritual successors of Greece. According to Will Durant in 1939, almost everything secular in our culture comes from Greece, except machinery. Greek civilization also provides insight into our own culture.

Ancient Chinese philosophy advocated for strict control and uniform rewards and punishments under an absolute monarchy, known as Legalism. Stable empires like the Mongols facilitated long-distance trade in the Eastern Hemisphere. In contrast, civil wars hindered trade in the

Western Hemisphere.

The Macedonian Empire, an ancient Greek kingdom located in the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula, bordered Virus to its west, Pneumonia to its north, Thrace to its east, and Thessaly to its south.

In Mali and Mans MUSM (Mammalian Empire), Mans Muss held the prestigious title of "King of Kings" or "Emperor" as its tenth ruler. Upon becoming King, he governed territories that were previously part of the Ghana Empire and Melee (Mali), along with surrounding areas.

The concept of Mandate of Heaven originated from Chinese philosophy and aimed to justify rulers through divine approval—a similar idea to Europe's concept of divine right of kings.

Under Feudal System's Manor life involved leasing land from a King to a Baron. This arrangement granted complete control over a manor to the Baron while imposing certain obligations upon them.Marco Polo, a Venetian merchant traveler, documented his journeys in II Million and introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China. The Marry Empire, ruling from 321 to 185 BC under the Marry dynasty, was an influential Iron Age power in ancient India that originated from Magmata kingdom in Indo-Genetic plains. Renowned for its advanced written language, art, architecture, mathematics,and astronomical systems,the Amman Civilization emerged during the Pre-Classic period in Micronesia. Unlike other ancient American civilizations, the Mayans had their own recorded history conveyed through stone billboards,pottery,papers,and skins that depicted important events in their complex culture. Despite undeciphered hieroglyphs due to their use of earth and stone technology like the Mayans', there is a possibility that we will soon comprehend them. The Mayans were indigenous people who lived between AD 300 and 900 in Yucatan,Belize,and Guatemala; they were known for extraordinary architecture,

pottery,and astronomy.Medieval Japan's transition from its classical period to a feudal structure characterized by warfare and destruction occurred between 1185 and 1600 where samurai warriors became the ruling class.During ancient times, the development of trade routes along the Mediterranean Sea greatly influenced cultural formation and interaction among distant peoples. Mesopotamia, which encompassed modern-day Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, and parts of Iran, played a significant role in this region. The Middle Ages in European history spanned from AD 500 to 1500. The Mining Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644, bridging the gap between Mongol and Munch control. Genghis Khan established the Mongol Empire in the 12th century, which expanded into Asia and eastern Europe during the 13th century. Despite attempts at Mongol-Christian Diplomacy by the Pope for conversion purposes, this alliance failed and resulted in threats towards Christians from the Mongols. The Ottoman Empire was founded around 1300 by Osman I and experienced its greatest territorial expansion under Suleiman I in the 16th century before collapsing after World War I. Its capital city was Constantinople (now Istanbul). The Paleolithic Era or Old Stone Age began approximately 2.5 to 2 million years ago and is characterized by early use of chipped stone tools. It ended at different times across regions but generally occurred around 10,000 years ago in Europe and the Middle East.

Note: have not been retained as they are not specified in your requestDuring the Paleolithic Era, hunting and gathering played a crucial role in sustaining the economy of typical societies. These societies, known as bands, were formed by humans around 750,000 years ago when the earliest chipped stone tools emerged. This era

lasted until approximately 15,000 years ago when the Megalithic Period began.

The patriarchal structures of these societies placed men in positions of power and prestige, with the authority to make decisions and define reality. In the 5th century BC, Greece and Persia engaged in the Persian Wars as Persia sought to expand its territory over Greece. However, Greece emerged victorious in both conflicts.

Located at the eastern end of the Mediterranean, the Phoenicians were an ancient maritime country composed of city-states. Polis refers to an ancient Greek city-state while the Qin Dynasty was responsible for constructing much of the Great Wall and ruling China's first centralized imperial government from 246 BC to 206 BC.

In Islam, Quark are sacred writings revealed by God to prophet Muhammad during his time in Mecca and Medina.

The Renaissance in Europe from the 14th-16th centuries brought about religious reform movements, a revival of art and literature influenced by classical models, and the development of a distinct culture and style of art and architecture. The Crusades played a significant role in these changes as they transformed the Christian perspective on military service, increased the veneration of relics, and further strengthened the authority of the papacy. Additionally, the Crusades sparked a newfound interest in trade with Muslims and other Eastern lands for goods such as cloth, spices, and jewels. During its post-Republican period, the Roman Empire had an autocratic government and vast territorial holdings around the Mediterranean in Europe, Africa, and Asia. While most expansion occurred under the Republic, conquests in northern Europe during the 1st century AD solidified Roman dominion across these continents. From its inception with the Twelve Tables in 439 BC

to AD 529's Corpus Jurist Civil, Roman Law encompasses their legal system throughout ancient Rome.The Latin legal terminology still present in legal systems influenced by Rome can be observed as evidence of its influence. During the time known as the Roman Republic, significant advancements were made in Roman civilization. Both during the Roman Republic and Empire, Roman roads played a crucial role in facilitating movement for armies, exchange of goods, and communication. The transition from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire brought about significant changes in Rome's governance and structure.

In China, the Sang Dynasty succeeded the Ixia Dynasty and preceded the Chou Dynasty as rulers of the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC. During the Warring States Period, Gin Shih Huang ruled as king of Chinese State of Gin from 246 BC to 221 BC before becoming China's first emperor when it unified in 221 BC. He ruled until his death at 49 years old in 210 BC.

The Silk Road was a historical trade route network that spanned Asia, Europe, and parts of Africa. This extensive route facilitated trade and cultural exchange between regions across East, South, and Western Asia with Mediterranean and European areas. Named after its lucrative Chinese silk trade during Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD), the Silk Road covered over 4,000 miles (6,500 km).

The Society of Classical Persia refers to societies influenced or heavily based on Persian language, culture, literature art or identity.The text discusses various historical events and locations, including Sparta (also known as Lacedaemon) in ancient Greece, which was situated on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, southeastern Peloponnese. It was notable for

being the first government to introduce banknotes or paper money and establish a permanent standing navy. During this time, there were also epidemics spreading and Bantu Migrations taking place. Sufism emerged as an important movement within Islam, representing its inner mystical dimension. Following the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period came China's Sung Dynasty that ruled from 960 to 1279 AD. The Sui Dynasty then unified China after a period of division between the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Tang Dynasty succeeded the Sui Dynasty but faced interruptions such as when Empress Wu Zetian seized power and became China's only empress regnant. This dynasty was followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. Discontinuance is a large archaeological site near Mexico City that contains some of the largest pyramidal structures in pre-Columbian Americas.Looters dominated Tulsa, Hidalgo during Micronesian chronology's early post-classic period belonging to a noncommercial archaeological culture centered in that state.
Indian Ocean trade played a crucial role in history as it facilitated exchanges between East and West, connecting different peoples, cultures, and civilizations from Java to Zanzibar and Mambas. The Mediterranean Sea's development of seafaring allowed for extensive trade between distant societies, influencing cultures and fostering cultural exchange in ancient times. In the Eastern Hemisphere, trade networks enabled the spread of technology and culture. Traditional African religious beliefs encompass various ethnic and folk traditions that are often combined with Christianity and Islam. Sub-Sahara Africa's diverse ethnography makes it challenging to pinpoint a singular aspect of "African religion," but common themes include oral tradition and animism. Travel across the Sahara Desert was necessary to link North Africa, Europe, or the East with sub-Saharan Africa

due to Trans-Saharan trade routes. Hinduism experienced its Vivid Age when the Veda collection of ancient Indian texts gained significance. Ancient China witnessed the Warring States period following the Spring and Autumn period, ultimately resulting in a unified China under the Gin Dynasty. Initially considered a myth until archaeological evidence emerged in 1959 within Yellow River Civilizations, the Ixia Dynasty is believed to be direct ancestors of the Longings and predecessors of the Sang dynasty—a lineage holding great importance.Ghent He, also known as Change Ho, Ma Sambas, and Hajji Muhammad Shinnied, was a Muslim Hut-Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral. He led expeditions to Southeast Asia.

The Chou Dynasty succeeded the Sang Dynasty and came before the Gin Dynasty in China. It had the longest duration among all Chinese dynasties but ended political and military control by the J family during the Western Chou period in 771 BC.

Zoroastrianism is a religion and philosophy based on Zoroaster's teachings (also known as Caruthers in Vestal). It was one of the major religions worldwide that likely originated in ancient Greater Iran (Persia) prior to the 6th century BCC.