Home Page Essay samples Chemistry 121 Essay Example

Chemistry 121 Essay Example

Available Only on StudyHippo

Topics:

Essay samples

Pages: 4 (1010 words)
Published: April 17, 2018

View Entire Sample

Text preview

question

What do the numbers at the beginning of an alcohol mean?

answer

They indicate where the hydroxide is located

question

Alcohol

answer

ter">

Hydrogen at the end of a molecule contains hydroxide
written form ends on -ol

question

Alkane

answer

Carbon is bonded to four other atoms

written form ends in -ane

question

Hydrocarbon

View entire sample

Join StudyHippo to see entire essay

answer

Contains only carbon and hydrogen

question

Rules for naming binary molecular compounds

answer

1. The most positively charged ion is written first

2. If both elements are in same group, element with highest atomic number is written first

3. Second element ends in -ide

4. Greek prefixes indicate number of atoms UNLESS referring to the first element when only one atom is present

question

Rules for naming acids

answer

acids contain hydrogen

Acids ending in:

-ide → change to -ic form. Add prefix hydro- and follow with the word acid

-ate → change to -ic in acid form follow with the word acid

-ite → change to -ous in acid form. Follow with the word acid

question

Phosphate ion

answer

PO₄^3-

question

Sulfate ion

answer

SO₄^2-

question

Dichromate ion

answer

Cr₂O₇^2-

question

Chromate ion

answer

CrO₄^2-

question

Carbonate ion

answer

CO₃^2-

question

Permanganate ion

answer

MnO₄^-

question

Nitrate ion

answer

NO₃^-

question

Perchlorate ion

answer

ClO₄^-

question

Chlorate ion

answer

ClO₃^-

question

Acetate ion

answer

CH₃COO^- or C₂H₃O₂^-

question

Nitride ion

answer

N^3-

question

Sulfide ion

answer

S^2-

question

Peroxide ion

answer

O₂^2-

question

Oxide ion

answer

O^2-

question

Hydroxide ion

answer

OH^-

question

Cyanide ion

answer

CN^-

question

Iodide ion

answer

I^-

question

Bromide ion

answer

Br^-

question

Chloride ion

answer

Cl^-

question

Fluoride ion

answer

F^-

question

Hydride ion

answer

H^-

question

Iron (III) ion

answer

Fe³⁺

question

Chromium (III) ion

answer

Cr³⁺

question

Tin (II) ion

answer

Sn²⁺

question

Lead (II) ion

answer

Pb²⁺

question

Nickel (II) ion

answer

Ni²⁺

question

Mercury (II) ion

answer

Hg²⁺

question

Mercury (I) ion

answer

Hg₂²⁺

question

Manganese (II) ion

answer

Mn²⁺

question

Iron (II) ion

answer

Fe²⁺

question

Copper (II) ion

answer

Cu²⁺

question

Cobalt (II) ion

answer

class="zxcs">

Co²⁺

question

Copper (I) ion

answer

Cu⁺

question

Ammonium ion

answer

NH₄⁺

question

Aluminum ion

answer

Al³⁺

question

Cadmium ion

answer

Cd²⁺

question

Zinc ion

answer

Zn²⁺

question

Barium ion

answer

Ba²⁺

question

Strontium ion

answer

Sr²⁺

question

Calcium ion

answer

class="bdfh">

Ca²⁺

question

Magnesium ion

answer

Mg²⁺

question

Silver ion

answer

Ag⁺

question

Cesium ion

answer

Cs⁺

question

Potassium ion

answer

class="flashcard__a_text">

K⁺

question

Sodium ion

answer

Na⁺

question

Lithium ion

answer

Li⁺

question

Hydrogen ion

answer

H⁺

question

Rules for anions

class="flashcard__a">answer

1. Names of monatomic anions are formed by replacing the ending of the name of the element with -ide

2. polyatomic anions containing oxygen end in -ate or -ite

per_________ate-molecule contains an additional O molecule

_______ate-polyatomic ion

________ite-contains 1 fewer O molecule

hypo_______ite-contains 2 fewer O molecules

question

Rules for cations

answer

1. if cations are metals, they keep the same name

2. if the metal can form different cations, the charge is indicated by a roman numeral after the name of the metal

3. cations formed by nonmetals end in -ium

question

The following metals form one cation:

answer

1A- Na⁺,K⁺,Rb⁺

2A- Mg²⁺,Ca²⁺,Sr²⁺,Ba²⁺

3A- Al³⁺

1B- Ag⁺

2B- Zn²⁺

question

molecular compounds

answer

contain only nonmetals

question

ionic compounds

answer

compounds of metals and non-metals

question

Polyatomic ions

answer

atoms joined as a molecule, but contain a charge

question

Ion

answer

charged particle

2 types:

cation-positively charged

anion-negatively charged

question

Space filling model

answer

depicts what the model would look like were the atoms scaled up in size

question

Structural formula

answer

shows which atoms are connected in a formula

question

Empirical formula

answer

exact representation of types of atoms with amounts broken down into the smallest ratio of whole numbers

question

Molecular formula

answer

exact representation of the amounts and types of elements in a formula

question

List the diatomic molecules:

answer

H₂

N₂

O₂

F₂

Cl₂

Br₂

I₂

question

One special attribute of noble gases as pure substances

answer

only element found isolated in nature

question

Groups

answer

vertical columns of periodic table

class="single__flashcard">

question

Periods

answer

horizontal rows of periodic table

question

Average atomic mass

answer

combination of masses of isotopes and relative abundances

ex. ¹²C 98.93% (12 amu)

¹³C 1.07% (13.00335 amu)

(0.9893)(12 amu) + (0.0107)(13.00335 amu) = 12.01 amu

question

Isotope

answer

number of neutrons change

question

Mass number

answer

valign="middle" class="zxcs">

number of protons and neutrons combined in an element

question

Atomic number

answer

number of protons in an atom

question

Angstrom

answer

predicts dimension

1 A = 10^-10m

question

Weight of an atomic mass unit (amu)

answer

1.66054×10^-24g

question

valign="middle" class="zxcs">

Three subatomic particles:

answer

proton-positive

neutron-neutral

electron-negative

question

Three types of radiation:

answer

alpha (α)

beta (β)

gamma (γ)

question

Robert Millikan

answer

measured charge of electron through oil drop experiments

question

Major contribution of cathode rays

answer

led to the discovery of the electron

question

Law of multiple proportions

answer

If two elements A and B combine to form more than one compound, the masses of B that can combine with A are in the ratio of small whole numbers

question

Rules for a theory

answer

A theory should explain known facts AND predict new ones

question

Law of conservation of mass

(Law of conservation of matter)

answer

total mass of materials present after a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass present before the reaction

question

Law of constant composition

answer

in a given compound, the relative numbers and kinds of atoms are constant

question

Dalton's atomic theory

answer

1. each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms

;

2. all atoms of a given element cannot be changed into atoms of a different element; cannot be created or destroyed

;

3. no two elements are alike; atoms of the same element are uniform

;

4. compounds are formed by atoms of two or more elements a specific compound contains the same number and kind of atoms

question

Hydrogen Sulfate (Bisulfate)

answer

HSO₄^-

question

Iodate

answer

IO₃^-

question

Oxalate

answer

C₂O₄^2-

Chemistry 121 Essay Example

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards

Chemistry 121 Essay Example

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards

Unfortunately copying the content is not possible

Tell us your email address and we’ll send this sample there.