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When the Constitution was ratified in 1789, George Washington was ______elected 1st president

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unanimously

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Washington helped shape the new nation and created __________________________ for future presidents and leaders

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precedents

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During his first term, President Washington focused on _______________________________________ that would shape the new nation:

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domestic issues

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Congress passed the ___________________________________________________ which created federal courts

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Judiciary Act of 1789

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Congress created the Treasury, State, War, Justice Departments Washington created the 1

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cabinet (group of advisors who head departments)

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a. Alexander Hamilton was named Secretary of Treasury (Treasury Department deals with issues involving ___________ or ________)

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money or taxes

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b. Thomas Jefferson was named Secretary of State(State Department deals with issues involving ______________________________)

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foreign nations

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c. Hamilton and Jefferson were the most influential of Washington's cabinet, but they

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had different views on the role of government

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1. Alexander Hamilton believed that a ___________________________________ government was necessary to provide order in America

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strong national

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a. Alexander Hamilton wanted to build a strong _______________________ focused on _______________________ so America could be self-sufficient

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economy; industry

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b. Alexander Hamilton believed that the Constitution should be ________________________ interpreted to allow the government to respond to issues

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loosely

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2. Thomas Jefferson believed that political power should remain with _____________ governments in order to protect ______________

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state; liberty

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a. Thomas Jefferson wanted the economy to remain focused on ___________________ and the gov't to protect farmers

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farming

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b. Thomas Jefferson believed that the Constitution should be __________________ interpreted with all other powers reserved to state governments

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strictly

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c. Among their biggest disagreement was over Hamilton's

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Financial Plan

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3. In 1789, Hamilton proposed a _______________________________ that would guide the future of the U.S. economy

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financial plan

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a. Hamilton proposed __________________ and _______________________ of all state debts incurred during the Revolutionary War

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funding; assumption

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i. By taking the ______________________________, the USA government would force the states to work together

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state debts,

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ii. By repaying all debts, the USA would gain foreign ____________________

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...

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iii. Congress and Washington ________________________ Hamilton's plan for funding and assumption

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approved

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b. To raise money for the new nation, Hamilton proposed a tax on _________________ and a creating a protective _______________ on foreign manufactured goods that would promote American __________________

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whiskey; tariff; industry

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i. Congress and Washington approved Hamilton's whiskey __________...But did ___________ approve Hamilton's protective tariff

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tax; not

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c. Hamilton proposed creating a _________________________________ (BUS) that would regulate the _______________________ supply by holding federal funds and loaning it to state banks

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Bank of the U.S.;money

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i. Jefferson argued that the BUS was _______________________________________ and gave too much power to bankers in cities

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unconstitutional

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ii. Hamilton argued that the BUS was "__________________ and ______________" to control the economy and regulate currency

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"necessary; proper"

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iii. President Washington __________________ with Hamilton and Congress passed a law creating the Bank of the U.S. in 1791

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agreed

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D. The disagreements between Hamilton and Jefferson led to the formation of America's first _____________________________________

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political parties

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1. Hamilton formed the __________________________________: Federalists supported a _________________ national government...

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Federalist Party; strong

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( Hamilton)_________________ interpretation of the Constitution...a strong _____________________ system that favored banks and industry...supporting England when war broke out with France

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loose; financial

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2. Jefferson formed the ___________________________________________ Party:

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Democratic- Republican

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Republicans supported strong state governments...______________ interpretation of the Constitution...state banks and policies that support small farmers...supporting ______________ when war broke out with England

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...strict; France

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E. After 4 years, George Washington was unanimously elected president for a __________________ term...

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second

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In his second term (1793-1797), Washington had to solve ______that faced the young nation

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serious problems

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1. In 1793, war broke out between ________after the French Revolution

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Britain and France

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a. France tried to gain an _______________________________________ in their war with Britain

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American alliance

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b. Jefferson wanted the USA to support ____________________ and their fight for _________________

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France; liberty

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c. Hamilton wanted to support _____________________ in order to avoid angering our largest ________________ partner

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Britain;trade partner

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2. In 1793, Washington made an important foreign policy precedent with his________

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Proclamation of Neutrality

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a. President Washington believed that America was ______________________________ to involve itself in a European war

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too young

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b. America politicians remained _____________________ in European affairs from 1793 to 1898

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neutral

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the Whiskey Rebellion

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3. In 1794, Washington faced another crisis:______

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a. Hamilton's whiskey tax frustrated western farmers in Pennsylvania who saw it as an ____________________________ on the poor

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tax

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b. When the ________________________________ began in 1794, President Washington saw the uprising as a threat to public safety

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Whiskey Rebellion

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president:st _______________________ (group of _________________________ who head departments)(Hamilton vs. Jefferson: See Chart on Back of Notes)

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????

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c. President Washington mobilized an _______________ of 13,000 soldiers which ___________________ the rebellion

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Army;ended

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d. The quick end to the rebellion revealed the __________________________ of the new national government under the Constitution

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strength

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F. In 1796, Washington chose not to run for a 3

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term

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1. He was afraid that if he __________________ in office, it would create a precedent that presidents can serve for _________________

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died; life

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2. There was no term limit in the Constitution, but Washington created the precedent that no president serve more than _______ terms

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two

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3. In 1796, George Washington gave advice to the nation in his ___________________________________

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Farewell Address

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a. Washington warned against the growth of "factions" and ______________________________

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political parties

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b. Washington warned against growing __________________ tensions between the North and South

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sectional

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c. Washington restated his desire for neutrality by warning against ___________________________________________

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entangling alliances

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II. The Presidency of John Adams

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(1797-1801)

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A. After Washington's retirement, the Democratic-Republicans and Federalists campaigned for the presidency in 1796 Federalist________________defeated Republican ______________ and won the presidency

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John Adams; Thomas Jefferson

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1. The war between England & France was still going on and continued to cause____

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problems for America

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a. France was frustrated with American neutrality and began to _____________ U.S. merchant _____________

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seize; ships

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b. Adams sent diplomats to France to negotiate an agreement on _________ in Europe

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trade rights

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c. Three French officials (nicknamed X, Y, and Z) demanded a ________________ to meet with French ministers... Americans were offended by this ____________________________ and called for __________ with France, but Adams kept his cool

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bribe; XYZ Affair; war

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2. President Adams' handling of the conflict with France led to _____________________ by Democratic-Republicans

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criticisms

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a. Federalists in Congress passed the _______________________________________ Acts

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Alien & Sedition

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b. The laws made it a crime to criticize government leaders, restricted __________________________ for new immigrants, and made deporting immigrants easier

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citizenship

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c. This attack on ________________________ and citizenship backfired and badly damaged President Adams and the Federalist Party

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free speech

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3. Republicans Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the ______to attack the Federalist Party

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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

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a. These essays presented an argument for _____________________ suggesting that states could ignore (nullify) unfair national laws

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states' rights

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b. These arguments of states' rights and __________ will be used by the South to __________ from the USA by 1861 and start the Civil War

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nullification; secede

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B. Adams and his Federalist Party were unpopular by the election of 1800...Republican Jefferson defeated

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Adams in the election of 1800

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1. The 1800 election marked the first time in U.S. history when one ____________________ transferred power to another political party

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political party

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2. Jefferson's victory over Adams marked the beginning of 30 years of dominance by the __________________________________ Party

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Democratic-Republican

U S HISTORY QUIZ UNIT 3 – Flashcards

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