The Luddites: Protesters Against Machinery in the Cotton Industry
The Luddites were activists who opposed the introduction of machinery in the cotton industry in Britain during the industrial revolution. Their protest included a dislike for machinery that replaced workers and the new market system that determined pay based on work quantity (Sale 261).
The Luddites desired a fixed payment regardless of their productivity, which is similar to modern management practices providing workers with a minimum wage that covers basic needs. Protests against technological advancements that may cause unemployment, like robots and automation, also exist. Business managers must make ethical decisions to protect employment and enable individuals to earn a living.
Frederick Taylor
Frederick Taylor, an advocate for workplace efficiency, developed the Scientific Management Model.
He argued that if people are paid "a fair day's pay for a fair day's work" (Taylor
...102), their productivity will increase. He also promoted cooperation among workers and between workers and managers to enhance efficiency and productivity. Today, Taylor's ideas influence human resource management practices, where managers promote teamwork and interact with junior employees instead of focusing on individual work. Additionally, workers are motivated through incentives like pay raises, overtime compensation, travel and housing allowances, medical coverage, and other job privileges.
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth pioneered studies on workplace psychology.
According to their research, the scientists discovered that collaborative work on complex tasks resulted in time savings and increased efficiency. One example they found was that nurses could save time during surgeries by acting as "caddies" who hold and hand surgical instruments to doctors as needed (Cole 19). This concept is still seen today in management styles, where senior
managers have personal assistants to assist with minor tasks. Additionally, Frank Gilbreth noticed that workers had individual techniques for performing the same job, suggesting that managers should strive to determine the most effective methods for specific job functions.
The concept of Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) programs is currently being implemented. These programs focus on enhancing service quality, specifically within healthcare by nurses and physicians.
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