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Public Opinion Chapter 5 – Flashcards 56 terms

Ben Powell

56 terms

Preview

Public Opinion Chapter 5 – Flashcards

question

What is wrong with the following poll question: Do you think it was appropriate for President Bush to lie so that he could start a war with Iraq?

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push polling

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Which kind of polling error arises when a sample of public opinion over represents or underrepresents some opinions?

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selection bias

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When men and women respond differently to issues of public policy, they are demonstrating an example of the

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gender gap.

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Which of the following is a core U.S. value?

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Individual liberty

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Members of a social group often have similar political beliefs because of all of the following except

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they feel a sense of individualism.

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Which type of equality is most prominent in the United States?

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Equality of opportunity

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Recent studies by political scientist's show that the average American exhibits

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little knowledge of political institutions, processes, or leaders

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Public-opinion polls are scientific instruments for measuring _________

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public opinion

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The practice of ____________ involves asking loaded questions to subtly shape the respondent's opinion

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push polling

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Above all, a public-opinion sample must be _____________

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representative

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Which of the following is not important in determining the reliability of a poll?

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Size of the population

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The term ________ is used to describe the beliefs and attitudes that people have about issues

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public opinion

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Which of the following is an agent of socialization?

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Education, Social groups, the family, all of the above.

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True or False: A survey of 1,000 people can be effective for measuring the opinions of all Americans.

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true

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The fact that Democratic Party leaders have become more liberal and Republican Party leaders more conservative is important because:

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partisans in the public tend to rely on party leaders for cues on the appropriate positions to take on major political issues

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Which of the following statements about political opinions is NOT true?

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The poor are generally less supportive of economic and social programs than the wealthy

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The term gender gap refers to:

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differences in political opinions between men and women

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When George W. Bush supporters called conservative white voters during the 2000 South Carolina Republican primary to ask if they would be more or less likely to vote for John McCain if they knew that he had fathered an illegitimate black child, it was an example of:

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a push poll

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Liberty is the core political value most highly prized by

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American conservatives

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What is one of the main differences between those who have gone to college and those who have not?

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There is a higher level of political participation among those with a college education.

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Which of the following statements best describes perceptions of racism among blacks and whites?

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Blacks are more likely than whites to believe that racism is very common in the United States today.

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A political ideology is best defined as:

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a cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about the government

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Conservatives are more likely than liberals to support:

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school prayer

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True or False: Cell phones and caller ID have dramatically reduced the problem of selection bias in public opinion surveys

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true

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The social desirability effect refers to:

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the fact that respondents report what they expect the interviewer wishes to hear or whatever they think is socially acceptable rather than what they actually believe or know to be true

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Which of the following statements about the political opinions of Democrats and Republicans in the public is most accurate?

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Differences between the political opinions of Democrats and Republicans on a wide variety of policy questions are greater today than during any other period in the last forty years.

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The various attitudes that citizens possess toward political issues, events, and people are called:

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public opinions

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The process by which underlying political values are formed is known as

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political socialization

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True or False: The United States is a nation without political ideologies.

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False

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True or False: Calling randomly selected phone numbers is a good way for pollsters to reduce sampling errors

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True

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One recent survey showed that two-thirds of Americans believe the government is spending "too little" money on "assistance for the poor." Yet, another survey conducted at the same time found that only one-tenth of Americans believe that the government is spending "too little" on "welfare." This example shows that

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small differences in the wording of a question can lead to very different response patterns

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The small group selected by pollsters to represent the entire population is called the

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sample

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True or False: Families, social groups, and schools are important institutions where people are politically socialized.

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True

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Which of the following is NOT true?

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Political elites cannot influence people's ideas and beliefs

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Which of the following statements about the relationship between public opinion and government policy is most accurate?

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Although there is no one-to-one correlation between public opinion and government policy, shifts in public opinion on particular issues frequently lead to changes in government policy

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True or False: During the formation of an individual's initial political orientation, the influence of family counts for very little

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false

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Which of the following best characterizes the Clinton White House's attempts to influence public opinion?

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The Clinton White House used techniques similar to those used in election campaigns to bolster popular enthusiasm for White House initiatives.

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True or False: Political ideologies do not always provide us with a clear opinion on particular policies

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true.

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Which of the following statements about governmental public relations efforts is NOT true

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Due to its size and power, the government is always successful at influencing public opinion.

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The fact that Americans strongly support the idea that governmental interference in individuals' lives and property should be kept to a minimum illustrates their commitment to

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liberty

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Which of following phenomena is NOT an illustration of the gender gap?

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Men are more likely to join political parties and other social organizations.

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Which of the following statements about agencies of socialization is incorrect?

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An individual's religion has no impact on their political views.

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The concept of a marketplace of ideas refers to:

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the competition between varying opinions and ideas that are aired in public forums

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Liberalism and conservatism are good examples of

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political ideologies

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People's political party preferences are primarily acquired through the influence of:

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their families.

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True or False: Levels of education have not been shown to affect one's political opinions false

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false

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A liberal would most likely support:

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an expansion in governmental social services

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Based on recent polling data, what percentage of Americans is worried about government monitoring of personal information?

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56 percent

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In 1936, pollsters at the Literary Digest were guilty of _____________ when they mistakenly predicted a presidential victory for Alf Landon over Franklin Roosevelt by polling people whose names came from the telephone book and automobile registration records

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selection bias

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Which of the following was NOT part of the Bush administration's effort to maintain support for its war on terror?

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Donations to academic institutions.

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Conservatives typically favor

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smaller government.

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Research into public opinion and public policy has shown that:

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more-affluent and more-educated citizens have a disproportionate influence over politics and public-policy decision

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Which of the following statements about the forces that shape public opinion is NOT true?

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Presidents rarely attempt to influence public support for the policies they are promoting.

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Why does the marketplace of ideas often have a moderating effect on people's opinions?

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Given constant exposure to other people's ideas, it is almost impossible for one not to modify one's own viewpoints.

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True or False: A distinguishing feature of the contemporary party system is party polarization

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true

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The controversial nature of affirmative action reveals that:

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different policy preferences can be based on different practical interpretations of the same principle

STUDY

Buying Goods And Services Economic Activity Economics Government Intervention In The Economy Principles Of Economics: Macroeconomics Principles Of Economics: Microeconomics Public Economics State And Local Taxes

Econ Exam 2 Test Answers – Flashcards 140 terms

Sean Mitchell

140 terms

Preview

Econ Exam 2 Test Answers – Flashcards

question

Public choice theory

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The study of collective decision making, or the process through which voters, politicians and other interested parties influence nonmarket choices is known as

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Subsidizing medical services through Medicare

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Raises the price per unit of medical care received by producers.

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One reason the collective and private decision making differ is

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Individual working in the government sector face a different incentive structure than those in the private sector.

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The theory of public choice is the study of

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The process through which voters, politicians, and other interested parties interact to influence non market choices.

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Market failure

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• A situation in which the market economy leads to too few or too many resources going to a specific economic activity. • They prevent the price system from attaining economic efficiency and individual freedom. And it offers one of the strongest arguments in favor of certain economic functions of government.

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Theory of public choice

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The study of collective decision making

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Opportunity Cost

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Total spent by all levels of the government plus everything that is spent by the private sector must add up to the total income available at any point in time.

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Competition

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• Collective action- bureaucrats, appointed officials, and elected representatives will always be in competition for available government funds. • Private sector- individuals want higher wages, better working conditions, and highest job-level classification.

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Incentive Structure

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• The systems of rewards and punishments individuals face with respect to their own actions. • The costs and benefits of being efficient or inefficient differ in the private and public sector.

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Similarities in market and public-sector decision making

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• Self-interest • Opportunity cost • Competition • Similarity of individuals, but different incentive structures

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Differences between market and collective decision making

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• Voting versus spending o Political system versus market system • Political system run by majority rule • Market system run by proportional rule

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Government or Political Goods

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Goods (and services) provided by the public sector

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Majority Rule

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Collective decision making, decisions based on more than 50%

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Proportional Rule

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If 10% of "dollar votes" cast for blue cars, 10% of output is blue

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Differences between market and collective decision making

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• Voting versus spending o Spending of dollars can indicate intensity of want o Votes cannot; each vote counts with the same intensity

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Three sources of government funding

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• Fees for government services, or user charges • Taxes • Borrowing

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Government Budget Constraint

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• The limit on government spending and transfer payments • Imposed by the fact that every dollar spent must be provided for by taxes

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Tax Base

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The value of goods, services, wealth, or incomes subject to taxation

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Tax Rate

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The proportion of a tax base that must be paid to a government as taxes

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Marginal Tax Rate

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The change in the tax payment divided by the change in income Marginal tax rate = change in taxes due change in taxable income

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Tax Bracket

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A specified interval of income to which a specific and unique marginal tax rate is applied

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Average Tax Rate

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The total tax payment divided by total income

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Proportional Taxation

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• A tax system in which, regardless of an individual's income, the tax bill comprises exactly the same proportion • Taxpayers at all income levels pay the same percentage of their income in taxes • Marginal tax rate = Average tax rate

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Progressive Taxation

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A tax system in which, as income increases, a higher percentage of the additional income is paid as taxes

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Regressive Taxation

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• A tax system in which as more dollars are earned, the percentage of tax paid on them falls • A smaller percentage of income is taken in taxes as income increases

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What types of taxes do federal, state and local governments collect?

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o Federal government: individual income taxes, corporate income taxes, Social Security taxes, import and excise taxes o State and local governments: sales taxes, property taxes, personal and corporate income taxes

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The federal personal income tax

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• Accounts for almost 44% of all federal revenue • All U.S. citizens, resident aliens, and most others required to pay (includes income earned abroad) • Rates paid rise as income increases

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Arguments for the progressive tax

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• Redistribution of income • Ability to pay • Benefits received

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Counter argument for the progressive tax

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no strong evidence of redistribution

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Capital Gain

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• The positive difference between the purchase price and the sale price of an asset o You buy a share of stock for $5 and sell for $15: you have a capital gain of $10

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Capital Loss

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The negative difference between the purchase price and the sale price of an asset

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The corporate income tax

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• Accounts for 12% of federal tax revenue and 2% of all state and local taxes collected • Corporations are generally taxed on the difference between total revenues and expenses

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Double taxation

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• Corporation pays taxes on its profits • Corporation declares a dividend on after-tax profits • Dividend income is taxed

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Retained Earnings

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• Earnings that a corporation saves, or retains, for investment in other productive activities • Earnings that are not distributed to stockholders

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Tax Incidence

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• The distribution of tax burdens among various groups in society

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Who really pays the corporate income tax?

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• Tax incidence is distributed among o Consumers o Stockholders o Employees

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Social Security taxes

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• Social Security rates today are imposed on earnings up to roughly $106,800 • Contributions are 6.2% for employers and 6.2% for employees

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Unemployment taxes

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• Paid by employer • 0.8% of first $7,000 of wages for employees earning more than $1,500 • States may levy an additional tax up to 3% based on record of the employer

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State and local governments

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• Taxes imposed on goods and services yield more revenues than income taxes • A fundamental issue is how to set tax rates to extract the largest possible payments

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Sales Taxes

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Taxes assessed on the prices paid on a large set of goods and services

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Ad Valorem Taxation

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Assessing taxes by charging a tax rate equal to a fraction of the market price of each unit purchased

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Static Tax Analysis

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Based on the assumption that changes in the tax rate leave the tax base unaffected

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Dynamic Tax Analysis

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Recognizes that higher tax rates may shrink the tax base

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Maximizing tax revenues

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• Dynamic tax analysis predicts ever-higher tax rates bring about declines in the tax base • At sufficiently high rates the government's tax revenues begin to fall off

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Excise Tax

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A tax levied on purchases of a particular good or service

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Unit Tax

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A constant tax assessed on each unit of a good that consumers purchase

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Excise taxes on gasoline become added costs of production

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• This shifts the supply curve up by the amount of the unit tax • Consequently, the equilibrium price of gasoline rises and the equilibrium quantity declines

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Who Pays the Tax?

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• In our example, the price that each consumer pays is $0.30 per gallon higher • Therefore, consumers pay three-fourths of the excise tax and producers absorb the remainder

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Unemployment

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• Total number of adults (aged 16 years or older) willing and able to work and who are actively looking for work but have not found a job • Unemployment creates a cost to the entire economy in terms of lost output - often ranging in the billions of dollars

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Labor Force

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• Individuals aged 16 years or older who either have jobs or who are looking and available for jobs; the number of employed plus the number of unemployed 3. The unemployment rate is the percentage of the measured labor force that is unemployment

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What are the costs of unemployment?

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• Lost output o At the end of 2000s, unemployment rate rose by 4 percentage points o Firm output was 80% of potential o Lost output was equivalent to $700 billion of goods and services that could have been produced • Personal psychological impact o Hardship, failed opportunities and a lack of self respect

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Labor force = Employed + Unemployed

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Unemployment rate = (Unemployed/Labor force) x 100

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Stock

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The quantity of something, measured at a given point in time—for example, an inventory of goods

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Flow

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A quantity measured over time, such as the income you make per year, or the number of individuals fired every month

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Categories of individuals without work

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• Job loser • Reentrant • Job leaver • New entrant

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Job Loser

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• An individual whose employment was involuntarily terminated or who was laid off o 40-60% of the unemployed

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Reentrant

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• An individual who has worked a full-time job before but left the labor force and has now reentered it looking for a job o 20-30% of the unemployed

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Job Leaver

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• An individual who voluntarily quit o 10 to 15% of the unemployed

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New Entrant

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• An individual who has never worked a full-time job for two weeks or longer o 10 to 15% of the unemployed

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Duration of unemployment

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• More than a third of job seekers find work within one month • Approximately another third find employment within a second month • About a sixth are still unemployed after six months • Average duration varied between 10 and 20 weeks since the mid-1960s

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What is likely to happen to the duration of unemployment during a downturn in the economy?

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o Why Not ... provide job losers with unemployment benefits indefinitely? • When the government provides unemployment benefits to unemployed individuals, it reduces the incentive for them to search seriously for a job. • So, providing government unemployment benefits indefinitely would boost the average duration of unemployment.

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Discouraged Workers

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Individuals who have stopped looking for a job because they are convinced they will not find a suitable one

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Labor Force Participation Rate

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The proportion of non-institutionalized working-age individuals who are employed or seeking employment

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The major types of unemployment

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• Frictional • Structural • Cyclical • Seasonal

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Frictional Unemployment

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• Results from the fact that workers must search for appropriate job offers • This takes time, so they remain temporarily unemployed

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Structural Unemployment

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• Results from a poor match of workers' abilities and skills with current requirements of employers • Considerable evidence shows that government labor market policies influence how many jobs businesses wish to create, thereby affecting structural unemployment

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Cyclical Unemployment

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Results from business recessions that occur when aggregate (total) demand is insufficient to create full employment

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Seasonal Unemployment

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• Results from the seasonal pattern of work in specific industries • Due to seasonal fluctuations in demand or changing weather conditions that affect agriculture, construction, tourism industries and so on

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Full Employment

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An arbitrary level of unemployment that corresponds to "normal" friction in the labor market

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Natural Rate of Unemployment

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• The unemployment rate that is estimated to prevail in the long-run macroeconomic equilibrium • Should not reflect cyclical unemployment • When seasonally adjusted, the natural rate should include only frictional and structural unemployment

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Inflation

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A sustained increase in the average of all prices of goods and services in an economy

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Deflation

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A sustained decrease in the average of all prices of goods and services in an economy

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Purchasing Power

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• The value of money for buying goods and services • Varies with prices and income, e.g., if your money income stays the same but the price of one good goes up, your effective purchasing power falls

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Nominal value

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Price expressed in today's dollars

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Real value

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Value expressed in purchasing power, adjusted for inflation

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Measuring the Rate of Inflation

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• Market Basket o Representative bundle of goods and services • Base Year o The point of reference for comparison of prices in other years Price index = cost of market basket today/cost of market basket in base year X100

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Price Index

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The cost of today's market basket of goods expressed as a percentage of the cost of the same market basket during a base year

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Real-world price indexes

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• Consumer Price Index (CPI) • Producer Price Index (PPI) • GDP deflator • Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE)

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Consumer Price Index (CPI)

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• A statistical measure of a weighted average of prices of a specified set of goods and services purchased by wage earners in urban areas • Market basket of goods and services of typical consumer

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Producer Price Index (PPI)

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• A statistical measure of a weighted average of prices of goods and services that firms produce and sell • Used as a short-run leading indicator (before CPI) • Producer Price Indexes for: o Foodstuffs o Intermediate goods o Finished goods

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GDP Deflator

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• A price index measuring the changes in prices of all new goods and services produced in the economy • Broadest measure of prices; reflects both price changes and the public's market responses to those price changes

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Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE) Index

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• A statistical measure of average price using annually updated weights based on consumer spending • Primary inflation indicator used by the Federal Reserve

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Anticipated versus unanticipated inflation

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• To determine who is hurt by inflation we distinguish between the two types • The effects of inflation on individuals depend upon which type of inflation exists

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Anticipated Inflation

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The inflation rate that we believe will occur

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Unanticipated Inflation

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Inflation at a rate that comes as a surprise

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Inflation and interest rates

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• Nominal Rate of Interest o The market rate of interest expressed in today's dollars • Real Rate of Interest o The nominal rate of interest minus the anticipated rate of inflation

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Real interest rate

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• Nominal interest rate = 5% • Expected inflation rate = 3% • Real rate = 5% - 3% = 2%

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Does inflation necessarily hurt everyone?

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Inflation affects people differently

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Unanticipated inflation

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• Creditors lose • Debtors gain

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Protecting against inflation

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• Cost-Of-Living Adjustments (COLAs) o Clauses in contracts that allow for increases in specified nominal values to take account of changes in the cost of living

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The resource cost of inflation

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• Repricing or Menu Cost of Inflation o The cost associated with recalculating prices and printing new price lists when there is inflation

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Business Fluctuations

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The ups and downs in business activity throughout the economy

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Expansion

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A business fluctuation in which the pace of national economic activity is speeding up

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Contraction

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A business fluctuation during which the pace of national economic activity is slowing down

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Recession

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A period of time during which the rate of growth of business activity is consistently less than its long-term trend or is negative

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Depression

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An extremely severe recession

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Leading Indicators

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• Events that have been found to occur before changes in business activity o Economic downturns often follow • Reduction in the average work week • Rise in unemployment insurance claims • Decrease in prices of raw materials • Drop in the quantity of money circulating

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National Income Accounting

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A measurement system used to estimate national income and its components; one approach to measuring an economy's aggregate performance.

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Total income

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The yearly amount earned by the nation's resources (factors of production). Total income therefore includes wages, rent, interest payments, and profits that are received by workers, landowners, capital owners, and entrepreneurs, respectively

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Final goods and services

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Goods and services that are at their final stage of production and will not be transformed into yet other goods and services. For example, wheat ordinarily is not considered a final good because it is usually used to make a final good, bread.

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Product markets

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$ value of output= total monetary value of all final goods and services. Final consumer goods and services.

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Factor markets

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Factor services: labor, land, capital, entrepreneurial activity.

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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

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The total market value of all goods and services produced during a year by factors of production located within a nation's borders.

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intermediate goods

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Goods used up entirely in the production of final goods.

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Value added

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The dollar value of an industry's sales minus the value of intermediate goods (for example, raw materials and parts) used in production.

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Flow of expenditures

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Consists of consumption, investment, government purchases of goods and services, and net expenditures in the foreign sector.

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Expenditure approach

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Computing GDP by adding up the dollar value at current market prices of all final goods and services.

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Flow of income

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Consists of looking at the income received by everybody producing goods and services.

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Income approach

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Measuring GDP by adding up all components of national income, including wages, interest, rent, and profits.

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Durable consumer goods

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Consumer goods that have a life span of more than three years.

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Nondurable goods

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Consumer goods that are used up within three years.

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Services

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Mental or physical labor or help purchased by consumers. Examples are the assistance of physicians, lawyers, dentists, repair personnel, housecleaners, educators, retailers, and wholesalers; things purchased or used by consumers that do not have physical characteristics.

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Gross Private Domestic Investment

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the creation of capital goods, such as factories and machines, that can yield production and hence consumption in the future. Also included in this definition are changes in business inventories and repairs made to machines or buildings.

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Investment

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Any use of today's resources to expand tomorrow's production or consumption.

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Producer durables or Capital goods

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Durable goods having an expected service life of more than three years that are used by businesses tp produce other goods and services.

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Fixed Investment

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Purchases by businesses of newly produced producer durables, or capital goods, such as production machinery and office equipment.

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Inventory investment

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Changes in stocks of finished goods and goods in process, as well as changes in the raw materials that businesses keep on hand. Whenever inventories are decreasing, inventory investment is negative. Whenever they are increasing, inventory investment is positive.

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GDP=

answer

Consumption expenditures + Investment expenditures + Government expenditures + Net exports ( total exports - total imports)

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Depreciation

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Reduction in the value of capital goods over a one-year period due to physical wear and tear and also to obsolescence; also called capital consumption allowance.

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Net Domestic Product

answer

GDP minus depreciation.

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Capital consumption allowance

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Another name for depreciation, the amount the businesses would have to save in order to take care of deteriorating machines and other equipment.

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Net investment

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Gross private domestic investment minus an estimate of the wear and tear on the existing capital stock. Net investment therefore measures the change in the capital stock over a one-year period.

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Gross Domestic income

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The sum of all income-wages, interest, rent, profits-paid to the four factors of production.

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Indirect business taxes

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All business taxes except the tax on corporate profits. Indirect business taxes include sales and business property taxes.

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Nonincome expense items

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The total of indirect business taxes and depreciation.

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National Income

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The total of all factor payment to resource owners. It can be obtained from net domestic product (NDP) by subtracting indirect business taxes and transfers and adding nets U.S. income earned abroad and other business income adjustments.

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Personal income

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The amount of income that households actually receive before they pay personal income taxes.

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Disposable personal income

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Personal income after personal income taxes have been paid.

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Nominal values

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The values of variables such as GDP and investment expressed in current dollars, also called money values; measurement in terms of the actual market prices at which goods and services are sold.

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Real values

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Measurement of economic values after adjustments have been made for changes in the average of prices between years.

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Constant dollars

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Dollars expressed in terms of real purchasing power using a particular year as the base or standard of comparison, in contrast to current dollars

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Real GDP =

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Nominal GDP/ Price level X 100

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Foreign exchange rate

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The price of one currency in terms of another

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Purchasing power parity

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Adjustment in exchange rate conversions that takes into account differences in the true cost of living across countries.

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Economic growth

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is the approximated by the percentage change in real GDP.

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Labor productivity

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Total real domestic output (real GDP) divided by the number of workers (output per worker)

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New growth theory

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A theory of economic growth that examines the factors that determine why technology, research, innovation, and the like are undertaken and how they interact.

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Patent

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A government protection that gives an inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention for a limited period of time.

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Innovation

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Transforming an invention into something that is useful to humans

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Development economics

answer

The study of factors that contribute to the economic growth of a country

STUDY

Affirmative Action Program Applied Sociology Government Intervention In The Economy Human Relations Approach Introductory Sociology Sociology Special Interest Groups

Sociology Answer Key-Exam#5 – Flashcards 50 terms

Daphne Armenta

50 terms

Preview

Sociology Answer Key-Exam#5 – Flashcards

question

. The social institution that relies on a recognized set of procedures for implementing and achieving the goals of a group is called a (an) A. action committee. B. interest group. C. elite group. D. political system.

answer

D.Political System

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Like other social institutions, economic and political systems are considered A. latent functions. B. cultural universals. C. culturally relative. D. interest groups.

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B.Cultural Universals

question

. Which term was used by Max Weber to refer to the ability to exercise one's will over others? A. legitimacy B. politics C. influence D. power

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D.power

question

After hearing a presentation of facts he had not heard before, a man changes his position on the issue of immigrant refugees being granted asylum in the U.S. This would be an example of A. force. B. authority. C. legitimacy. D. influence.

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D.influence

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Which of the following terms refers to power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised? A. influence B. authority C. legitimacy D. political efficacy

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B. authority

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Which of the following created a classification system of authority that distinguishes between traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic authority? A. Michael Harrington B. Émile Durkheim C. Karl Marx D. Max Weber

answer

D. Max Weber

question

7. Traditional authority refers to A. legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice. B. power made legitimate by a leader's exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers. C. power made legitimate by law. D. none of these

answer

A. legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice.

question

In a society based on rational-legal authority, leaders derive their authority from A. custom and accepted practice. B. their exceptional personal or emotional appeal. C. the written rules and regulations of the political system. D. threats to use coercion to impose their will on others.

answer

C. the written rules and regulations of the political system.

question

Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Adolf Hitler, and Joan of Arc were all leaders who used their respective power to press for changes in accepted social behavior. Their respective power came from what kind of authority? A. egalitarian authority B. charismatic authority C. traditional authority D. rational-legal authority

answer

B. charismatic authority

question

Which form of government is lead by a single member of a royal family? A. democracy B. dictatorship C. oligarchy D. monarchy

answer

D. monarchy

question

What term for government do we use to refer to a small group of individuals who rule? A. parliamentary B. dictatorship C. oligarchy D. representative democracy

answer

C. oligarchy

question

In which type of government does a single person hold all power? A. parliamentary B. dictatorship C. oligarchy D. representative democracy

answer

B.dictatorship

question

The United States utilizes which type of government? A. parliamentary B. plutocracy C. oligarchy D. representative democracy

answer

D. representative democracy

question

14. How do sociologists define the concept of peace? A. the absence of war B. a stasis of communal life C. proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations D. the absence of war AND proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations

answer

D. the absence of war AND proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations

question

Which model of power relations suggests that society is ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests? A. pluralist model B. elite model C. functionalist model D. interactionist model

answer

B.elite model

question

The pluralist model of power relations in the U.S. suggests that A. power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of military, corporate, and political leaders. B. power is held by many competing groups which have access to government, so that no single group is dominant. C. power is held by a group of charismatic leaders. D. power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of military, corporate, and political leaders AND held by a group of charismatic leaders.

answer

B. power is held by many competing groups which have access to government, so that no single group is dominant.

question

17. A society such as France or Italy that has an economy based on the production of goods in factories through mechanization would be an example of a (an) _______________ society. A. agrarian B. industrial C. postindustrial D. horticultural

answer

B. industrial

question

What are the two basic types of economic systems that distinguish contemporary societies? A. capitalism and communism B. capitalism and socialism C. socialism and communism D. capitalism and democracy

answer

B. capitalism and socialism

question

Capitalism is an economic system in which A. the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. B. all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C. the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D. none of these

answer

A. the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.

question

Laissez-faire is a form of A. socialism under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy. B. communism under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy. C. totalitarianism under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy. D. capitalism under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy.

answer

D. capitalism under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy.

question

Socialism is defined as A. an economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. B. an economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. C. an economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D. none of these

answer

C. an economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned.

question

The U.S. has considered a national health care system that would guarantee medical coverage to all citizens as a basic human right. The government's involvement in providing health care for all citizens is characteristic of which type of economic system? A. communism B. socialism C. laissez-faire capitalism D. contemporary capitalism

answer

B. socialism

question

Communism is an economic system in which A. the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. B. all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C. the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D. none of these

answer

B. all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce.

question

Transfers of money, goods, or services that take place but are not reported to the government are referred to as A. socialist sanctions. B. communism. C. an informal economy. D. capitalistic profits.

answer

C. an informal economy.

question

Reductions taken in a company's workforce as part of deindustrialization are called A. deindustrialization. B. downsizing. C. anomie. D. alienation.

answer

B.downsizing.

question

The term microfinancing refers to A. lending small sums of money to the poor so that they can work their way out of poverty. B. welfare handouts for poor people in developing countries. C. welfare handouts for poor people in industrial countries. D. pyramid schemes.

answer

A. lending small sums of money to the poor so that they can work their way out of poverty.

question

Feminist theorists are particularly interested in microfinancing because: A. The majority of these loans go to men. B. The majority of these loans go to women. C. The majority of the loans have a high interest rate. D. The majority of these loans go to sex traffickers.

answer

B. The majority of these loans go to women.

question

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to view affirmative action as a legislative attempt to reduce inequality embedded in the social structure by increasing the opportunities of groups that have been deprived in the past? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. none of these

answer

B. conflict perspective

question

Which sociological perspective would be most interested in studying how the introduction of an affirmative action program in a factory creates labels and stereotypes within a workplace and affects the relationships among employees? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. none of these

answer

C. interactionist perspective

question

Your textbook refers to "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity" as A. euphoria. B. health. C. happiness. D. well-being.

answer

B. health.

question

The concept of the sick role is associated with which perspective? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective

answer

A. functionalist perspective

question

In examining health, illness, and medicine as a social institution, which sociological perspective generally focuses on microlevel study of the roles played by healthcare professionals and patients? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective

answer

C. interactionist perspective

question

The medicalization of society refers to A. the growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control. B. the dominance of hospitals by boards of directors with medical backgrounds. C. the election of medical specialists to high offices in government. D. all of these

answer

A. the growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control.

question

Social epidemiology is defined as the A. total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. B. total number of communicable diseases that exist at a given time. C. study of the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population. D. total number of cases of infant deaths for a given population during a specific period of time.

answer

C. study of the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population.

question

Mortality rates are the A. incidence of diseases in a given population. B. number of new cases of a specific disorder occurring within a given population during a stated period of time. C. incidence of death in a given population. D. total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time.

answer

C. incidence of death in a given population.

question

Which sociological perspective(s) would be most likely to argue that policymakers have been slow to respond to the AIDS crisis because those in high-risk groups, such as gay men and IV drug users, are comparatively powerless politically? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict and feminist perspectives C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective

answer

B. conflict and feminist perspectives

question

In comparison with men, women have lower rates of A. employment in dangerous occupations. B. cigarette smoking. C. consumption of alcohol. D. all of these

answer

D. all of these

question

Which type of medicine refers to therapies in which the health care practitioner considers the person's physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual characteristics? A. traditional B. ayurveda C. holistic D. homeopathy

answer

C. holistic

question

Which area of study is concerned with the interrelationships among people in their spatial setting and physical environment? A. human relations approach B. human ecology C. activity theory D. humanism

answer

B. human ecology

question

Erin Brockovich, a movie that features Julia Roberts, examines a true life event that revolves around environmental pollution in a working-class community by a major utility corporation that was apparently unconcerned about the long-term effects of the pollution on community residents. This movie illustrates which sociological concept? A. environmental racism B. environmental justice C. demographic transition D. demographic intransigence

answer

B. environmental justice

question

Which perspective would place a priority on the fact that many major environmental organizations accept funding from oil companies and chemical giants and as a result emphasize limited reform rather than profound structural change? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

answer

B. conflict

question

Social change is defined as A. a theory that holds that society is moving in a specific direction. B. a view of society as tending toward instability. C. significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture, including norms and values. D. a view that society is moving in several different directions at the same time.

answer

C. significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture, including norms and values.

question

Which term is used by sociologists to refer to organized collective activities aimed at bringing about fundamental changes in existing society? A. social movements B. social groups C. power movements D. pressure groups

answer

A. social movements

question

Auguste Comte saw societies as moving forward in their thinking from A. mythology to scientific method. B. scientific method to mythology. C. mythology to religion. D. monarchy to democracy.

answer

A. mythology to scientific method.

question

Émile Durkheim contended that societies progressed from A. simple to sophisticated. B. non-cultured to cultured. C. simple to complex. D. nonliterate to literate.

answer

C. simple to complex.

question

Talcott Parsons viewed society as naturally being in a state of A. anarchy. B. goal displacement. C. equilibrium. D. relative deprivation.

answer

C. equilibrium.

question

Which sociological perspective criticizes the functionalist approach to social change for disregarding the crucial significance of change that is needed to correct social injustices and inequalities? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. dialectical perspective

answer

B. conflict perspective

question

Various religious groups and their followers are very upset about scientific advances in reproductive technology, such as birth control pills, abortion pills, in-vitro fertilization, and genetic engineering. This conflict between religious values and new scientific concepts illustrates A. material culture. B. nonmaterial culture. C. culture lag. D. cultural adaptation.

answer

C. culture lag.

question

The laptop computer, wireless telephones, pagers, and laser eye surgery are all examples of A. technology. B. resources. C. cyberspace. D. adaptive upgrading.

answer

A. technology.

question

. Rebellious craft workers in nineteenth-century England who destroyed new factory machinery as part of their resistance to the new industrial revolution were known as A. Shakers. B. Luddites. C. Amish. D. Rappites.

answer

B. Luddites.

STUDY

AP Government AP United States Government And Politics Concern For The Environment Government Intervention In The Economy Interest Groups Political Culture Public Opinion Voting Behavior

Chapter 6: Public Opinion Test Questions – Flashcards 82 terms

Claire Scott

82 terms

Preview

Chapter 6: Public Opinion Test Questions – Flashcards

question

Public Opinion

answer

the values and attitudes that people have about issues, events, and personalities

question

Values

answer

a person's basic orientation to politics

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Political Ideology

answer

A cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about government

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Attitude

answer

a specific preference on a particular issue; a specific view about a particular issue, personality, or event

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Political socialization

answer

the induction of individuals into the political culture; learning the underlying beliefs and values on which the political system is based. the process through which underlying political beliefs and values are formed (family, social groups, religion, gender)

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Gender gap

answer

a distinctive pattern of voting behavior reflecting the differences in views between women and men. men and women often see issues differently, potentially due to their different life experiences

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Ideology

answer

set of underlying orientations, ideas, and beliefs

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Liberalism

answer

A political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, representative government, and the protection of private property.

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Conservatism

answer

A political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes.

question

Public opinion

answer

citizens' attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events.

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Values (or beliefs)

answer

basic principles that shape a person's opinions about political issues and events.

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Political ideology

answer

a cohesive set of beliefs that forms a general philosophy about the role of government.

question

Liberty

answer

freedom from governmental control.

question

Equality of opportunity

answer

a widely shared American ideal that all people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to reach their fullest potential.

question

Democracy

answer

a system of rule that permits citizens to play a significant part in the governmental process, usually through the election of key public officials.

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Agents of socialization

answer

social institutions, including families and schools, that help to shape individuals' basic political beliefs and values.

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Libertarianism

answer

a political ideology that emphasizes freedom and voluntary association with small government.

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Socialism

answer

a political ideology that emphasizes social ownership or collective government ownership and strong government.

question

Liberal

answer

today this term refers to those who generally support social and political reform; extensive governmental intervention in the economy; the expansion of federal social services; more vigorous efforts on behalf of the poor, minorities, and women; and greater concern for consumers and the environment.

question

Conservative

answer

today this term refers to those who generally support the social and economic status quo and are suspicious of efforts to introduce new political formulae and economic arrangements. Conservatives believe that a large and powerful government poses a threat to citizens' freedom.

question

Marketplace of ideas

answer

the public forum in which beliefs and ideas are exchanged and compete.

question

Public-opinion polls

answer

scientific instruments for measuring public opinion.

question

Sample

answer

a small group selected by researchers to represent the most important characteristics of an entire population.

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Probability sampling

answer

a method used by pollsters to select a representative sample in which every individual in the population has an equal probability of being selected as a respondent.

question

Random digit dialing

answer

a polling method in which respondents are selected at random from a list of ten-digit telephone numbers, with every effort made to avoid bias in the construction of the sample.

question

Sampling error (or margin of error)

answer

polling error that arises based on the small size of the sample.

question

Social desirability effect

answer

the effect that results when respondents in a survey report what they expect the interviewer wishes to hear rather than what they believe.

question

Selection bias (surveys)

answer

polling error that arises when the sample is not representative of the population being studied, which creates errors in over-representing or under-representing some opinions.

question

Push polling

answer

a polling technique in which the questions are designed to shape the respondent's opinion.

question

Bandwagon effect

answer

a shift in electoral support to the candidate whom public opinion polls report as the front-runner.

question

Median voter theorem

answer

a proposition predicting that when policy options can be arrayed along a single dimension, majority rule will pick the policy most preferred by the voter whose ideal policy is to the left of half of the voters and to the right of exactly half of the voters.

question

OUTLINE

answer

1. Public opinion is the term used to denote citizens' attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events. Values (or beliefs) are a person's basic orientation to politics. Political ideology refers to a complex set of beliefs and values that, as a whole, form a general philosophy about government. 2. Often for reasons associated with demographics, Americans' opinions differ widely on a variety of issues. 3. The processes that form political beliefs and values are collectively called political socialization. Social institutions, including families and schools, help to shape an individual's basic political beliefs and values. 4. Most people acquire their initial orientation to politics from their families. 5. Membership in both voluntary and involuntary social groups can affect an individual's political values. Consider the influence of personal experience, group leaders, and political interests in the context of a social group. 6. Conditions under which individuals and groups are recruited into political life help to shape political orientations. 7. Many Americans describe themselves as either liberal or conservative in political orientation.

question

How We Form Political Opinions

answer

1. Although ideologies shape political opinions on particular issues, they seldom fully determine one's views. 2. Political opinions are influenced by an individual's underlying values, his/her knowledge of political issues, and external forces such as government, private groups, and the media.

question

Measuring Public Opinion

answer

1. Politicians and public officials make extensive use of public-opinion polls to help them make decisions. 2. In order to construct public opinion from surveys, the polling sample must be large, and the views of those included in the sample must accurately and proportionately reflect the views of the whole. 3. Push polling can be used to shape the opinion of the person responding to the poll.

question

Thinking Critically About Public Opinion and Democracy

answer

1. Government policies in the United States are generally consistent with popular preferences. There are, however, always some inconsistencies. 2. Disagreements between opinion and policy come about on some issues, such as gun control, because an intensely committed minority can defeat a more apathetic majority. Moreover, the American system of government is not designed to quickly transform changes in opinion into changes in government programs.

question

Extended Outline

answer

See moodle

question

Which type of equality is most prominent in the United States?

answer

equality of opportunity

question

Which of the following is a core U.S. value?

answer

individual liberty

question

Conservatives typically favor

answer

smaller government

question

Recent studies by political scientists show that

answer

the average American exhibits little knowledge of political institutions, processes, or leaders.

question

Members of a social group often have similar political beliefs because of all the following except:

answer

They feel a sense of individualism

question

Above all, a public-opinion sample must

answer

be representative

question

The practice of push polling involves

answer

asking loaded questions to subtly shape the respondent's opinion.

question

Which kind of polling error arises when a sample of public opinion overrepresents or underrepresents some opinions?

answer

selection bias

question

______________ are scientific instruments for measuring public opinion

answer

Public-opinion polls

question

What is wrong with the following polling question: Do you think it was appropriate for President Bush to lie so that he could start a war with Iraq?

answer

push polling

question

Which of the following is not important in determining the reliability of a poll?

answer

size of the population

question

Political science research has shown that ____________ in public opinion ____________ to changes in public policy.

answer

shifts;lead

question

Which of the following groups tend to wield outsized influence over policy makers?

answer

affluent and educated

question

The theory that suggests that the most reliable strategy for a politician looking to get re-elected is to adopt the preferences of the median voter is known as

answer

Median Voter theorem

question

How did the framers of the Constitution grapple with the effect public opinion might have on governmental policy?

answer

by creating a system that did not automatically let popular opinion translate into public policies

question

A politician who opposes abortions, government regulation of business, and gay rights legislation would be best described as a

answer

conservative

question

According to ____________, the average American exhibits little knowledge of political institutions, processes, or leaders.

answer

Recent studies by political scientists

question

Public opinion is the term used to denote the beliefs people have about all of the following except

answer

culture.

question

Big government is ____________ considered a core U.S. value.

answer

not

question

Equality of opportunity is ____________ in the United States.

answer

the most prominent type of equality.

question

The Internet and comedy television are the main sources of campaign news for

answer

younger Americans.

question

Political socialization is the process through which

answer

political beliefs and values are formed.

question

Political socialization includes all of the following except

answer

attending church.

question

The 9/11 attacks were a key political event that helped to promote

answer

patriotism.

question

Family provides most people with their ____________ to politics.

answer

initial orientation

question

Family is the most influential agent of socialization in

answer

early childhood.

question

If you prefer smaller government, you are probably a

answer

conservative.

question

Political and voting differences between men and women are known as the

answer

gender gap.

question

If you consider yourself moderate, you are like

answer

most Americans.

question

A perceived deep divide in American culture is known as

answer

a culture war

question

The inherent gulf between the rich and the poor was considered by ____________ to be the most prevalent source of conflict in political life.

answer

James Madison

question

That political conditions affect political beliefs is illustrated by the South's move from the ____________ to the ____________ camp.

answer

Democratic; Republican

question

If you are a person with high education and income, you might be likely to consider yourself a

answer

libertarian.

question

Protestants tend to be politically ____________.

answer

conservative.

question

When people do not have strong feelings about the issue at hand, they are ____________ likely to change their opinions.

answer

question

Polls are ____________ instruments for measuring public opinion.

answer

scientific

question

The most important feature of a ____________ is that it is representative.

answer

public-opinion sample

question

The size of the population is ____________ in determining the reliability of a poll.

answer

not important

question

Selection bias occurs when a sample ________________________ some opinions.

answer

overrepresents or underrepresents

question

A push poll might include a question with the following wording:

answer

Do you think it was appropriate for President Bush to lie to start a war with Iraq?

question

Because they were worried about the effect ____________ might have on policy, the Founders created a system that did not automatically let popular opinion translate into public policies.

answer

public opinion

question

Which of the following is an agent of socialization?

answer

All of the above (education, family, peers)

question

The process by which Americans learn political beliefs and values is called

answer

Political socialization

question

Variables such as income, education, race, gender, and ethmicity

answer

Often create differences of political opinion in America

question

Members of a social group often have similar political beliefs because of all of the following except

answer

They feel a sense of individualism

question

When men and women respond differently to issues of public policy, they are demonstrating an example of

answer

The gender gap

STUDY

AP United States History AP World History Government Intervention In The Economy Government Regulation Of The Economy History of the Americas Political History Robert Livingston And James Monroe United States History 1

history chap 12 – Flashcards 94 terms

Ashlynn Thompson

94 terms

Preview

history chap 12 – Flashcards

question

) Who does the text describe as "the symbol for a new democratically oriented generation"? A) Martin Van Buren B) Henry Clay C) Andrew Jackson D) John C. Calhoun

answer

Andrew Jackson

question

The basic concept underlying the "spoils system" was that A) candidates must campaign viciously to "spoil" the chances of their opponents. B) party workers must be rewarded with political office after a successful campaign. C) there was no need to take into account the wishes of the average voter. D) government positions should not be "spoiled" by turning them into political plums.

answer

party workers must be rewarded with political office after a successful campaign

question

One of the "fundamental tenets of Jacksonian Democracy" was that A) educated and virtuous people should be elected to office. B) long-term stability for government employees improved government services. C) expert knowledge was the key to a democratic government. D) ordinary Americans could do anything.

answer

Ordinary Americans could do anything

question

Jackson's advisers who did not hold regular cabinet appointments were called the A) Locofocos. B) Tennessee Regulars. C) Old Hickories. D) Kitchen Cabinet

answer

kitchen cabinet

question

Jackson's view of the presidency differed from his predecessor's primarily in his belief that the A) scope of federal authority should be expanded at the states' expense. B) president was the direct representative of all the people and the embodiment of national power. C) federal government should engage in a vigorous program of internal improvements. D) advice of experts was crucial to sound presidential decisions.

answer

President was the direct representative of all the people and the embodiment of national power

question

Jackson's popularity and success were primarily the result of his A) expert knowledge of the issues. B) genius as an administrator. C) personality and leadership. D) open-mindedness to all sides of a question.

answer

personality and leadership

question

The 1830 debate between Senators Daniel Webster and Robert Hayne focused on A) the doctrine of states' rights as opposed to national power. B) the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States. C) the "corrupt bargain" during the election of 1824. D) Jackson's policy of Indian removal.

answer

the doctrine of states' rights as opposed to national power

question

) In response to the espousal of the states' rights doctrine on the Senate floor by South Carolinian Robert Hayne, which of the following argued that the Constitution was a compact of the people and that the Union was indissoluble? A) John C. Calhoun B) John Tyler C) Thomas Jefferson D) Daniel Webster

answer

Daniel Webster

question

) Daniel Webster's "Second Reply to Hayne" A) helped to prevent the formation of a West-South alliance. B) resulted in his impeachment as a senator. C) was a rousing defense of states' rights. D) made him a hero among those in the West.

answer

helped prevent the formation of a west-south alliance

question

Other than Jackson's personal popularity, the main campaign issue in the presidential election of 1832 was A) nullification. B) Jackson's Indian removal policy. C) the spoils system. D) the Bank of the United States.

answer

the bank of the united states

question

________ was a leading enemy of the Second National Bank of the United States. A) Daniel Webster B) Nicholas Biddle C) Henry Clay D) Andrew Jackson

answer

Andrew jackson

question

The senator who pushed for renewal of the Bank of the United States charter in 1832 to provide himself a campaign issue against Jackson was A) Henry Clay. B) John C. Calhoun. C) Martin Van Buren. D) John Eaton

answer

Henry Clay

question

Jackson defended his veto of the charter of the Second National Bank on the grounds that it was A) too weak to help stabilize the economy. B) unable to attract foreign investors. C) dominated by speculators in western land. D) unconstitutional, despite the Supreme Court.

answer

unconstitutional despite the supreme court

question

Of the second Bank of the United States, who believed that it was making "the rich richer and the potent more powerful"? A) Nicholas Biddle B) Daniel Webster C) Henry Clay D) Andrew Jackson

answer

andrew jackson

question

Jackson's most powerful weapon against the Bank of the United States was the A) power to remove Bank officers. B) ability to withdraw government revenues from the Bank. C) Specie Circular, which required the Bank to redeem its notes in gold. D) loyal backing of prominent National Republicans such as Daniel Webster.

answer

ability to withdraw government revenues from the bank

question

Jackson's attitude toward nullification was to A) oppose it because John C. Calhoun supported it. B) support it because it was a Southern doctrine and he was a Southerner. C) oppose it because of his devotion to the Union. D) oppose it as being divisive in practice, but support it as being correct in principle.

answer

oppose it because of his devotion to the union

question

Like fellow Westerners, President Jackson A) did not favor internal improvements. B) preferred that local projects be left to the states. C) believed that the federal government should maintain all surpluses. D) thought congressional power should be interpreted broadly.

answer

preferred that local projects be left to the states

question

Jackson's policy toward the Native Americans was to A) give them citizenship. B) respect their culture and traditional homelands. C) place them on reservations in each state. D) remove them to lands west of the Mississippi

answer

remove them to lands west of the mississippi

question

The Native American nation forced to move from Georgia as a result of Jackson's policies was the A) Seminole. B) Cherokee. C) Sac. D) Choctaw.

answer

cherokee

question

) According to the map "Indian Removals," the Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and Seminole were forcibly removed from A) Georgia, Virginia, Kentucky, Florida, South Carolina, and Alabama. B) Arkansas, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Kentucky. C) Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. D) Louisiana, Georgia, Illinois, Ohio, South Carolina, and Florida.

answer

georgia north carolina tennessee alabama mississippi and florida

question

Jackson opposed John Marshall's rulings about the Cherokee Nation in Georgia because he A) was hoping to appease his southern supporters. B) believed no independent nation could be allowed to exist within the United States. C) was a strong advocate of states' rights. D) hated Native Americans and wanted to destroy them completely.

answer

believed no independent nation could be allowed to exist within the united states

question

How did white Southerners react to northern criticisms of slavery? A) Whites in the "new" South of Mississippi and Alabama (outnumbered by slaves three to one) feared criticisms of slavery might lead to rebellion. B) A significant minority of pro-Unionist Southerners agreed with the criticisms. C) Most Southerners continued to view slaves as always docile, happy, and childlike. D) Radical South Carolinians were convinced that both the protective tariff and the agitation against slavery were examples of tyranny of the majority.

answer

radical south carolinians were convinced that both the protective tariff and the agitation against slavery were examples of tyranny of the majority

question

The southern political thinker who most prominently justified southern resistance to the Tariff of 1828 was A) John Tyler. B) John C. Calhoun. C) Andrew Jackson. D) Henry Clay.

answer

John C Calhoun

question

South Carolina's challenge to the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 is called the A) Cotton Controversy. B) Tariff War. C) Abomination Crisis. D) Nullification Crisis.

answer

Nullification Crisis

question

"The laws of the United States must be executed. I have no discretionary power on the subject...Those who told you that you might peaceably prevent their execution deceived you...Disunion by armed force is treason. Are you really ready to incur its guilt?" This was the response of Andrew Jackson to the actions of A) South Carolina. B) New York. C) Mississippi. D) Georgia.

answer

South Carolina

question

The outcome of the Nullification Crisis convinced the radical South Carolina planters that A) Jackson could not be trusted to keep his promises. B) Calhoun was not firmly committed to nullification. C) nullification and secession could succeed only with the support of other states. D) the government of the United States was an absolute tyranny.

answer

nullification and secession could succeed only with the support of other states

question

During 1835 and 1836, as a result of the creation of the "pet" banks, A) economic stability and prosperity resumed. B) the money supply shrank dramatically and plunged the country into a depression. C) the Bank of the United States retained all government deposits. D) the money supply increased rapidly and fueled wild speculation in land.

answer

the money supply increased rapidly and fueled wild speculation in land

question

) President Jackson issued the ________ in 1836 to require purchase of public land in gold or silver. A) Homestead Circular B) Public Domain Act C) Specie Circular D) Hard Currency Order

answer

specie circular

question

What effect did Jackson's economic policies have on the business cycle? A) They exaggerated the swings of the economic pendulum through the impact of their ill-considered policies on public thinking. B) They successfully stimulated the economy and ended the Panic of 1837. C) They were successful examples of the workings of the free marketplace and of the success of laissez-faire economics. D) The federal government was so weak that they had almost no effect.

answer

they exaggerated the swings of the economic pendulum through the impact of their ill considered policies on public thinking

question

Which of the following caused panic in the country in the spring of 1837? A) the reelection of Andrew Jackson B) the inability of banks to make specie payments C) the rise of the radical Locofoco party D) the purchase of Florida from Spain

answer

the inability of banks to make specie payments

question

Of whom was he speaking when Alexis de Tocqueville said, "Far from wishing to extend Federal power, [he] belongs to the party that wishes to limit that power."? A) Thomas Jefferson B) John C. Calhoun C) Henry Clay D) Andrew Jackson

answer

andrew jackson

question

An underlying principle commonly agreed upon by Jacksonians was A) increased government regulation of the economy. B) respect for professional experts in government. C) elimination of slavery and the slave trade. D) suspicion of special privileges and large business corporations.

answer

suspicion of special privileges and large business corporations

question

The new political coalition which emerged to challenge Democratic control in the 1830s was called the A) Federalists. B) Republicans. C) Bull Moose party. D) Whigs.

answer

whigs

question

The unifying principle of the Whig party was A) support of Henry Clay as a political leader. B) opposition to "King Andrew" Jackson. C) desire to return to property qualifications for voting and holding office. D) rejection of strong government.

answer

opposition to king andrew jackson

question

The Whig party's strategy in the election of 1836 was to A) run several candidates in the hope that the House of Representatives would decide the election. B) nominate Henry Clay because of his strong opposition to Jacksonian policies. C) boycott the Electoral College and appeal to the voters. D) nominate William Henry Harrison because he could appeal to Jackson supporters.

answer

run several candidates in the hope that the house of representativese would decide the election

question

Martin Van Buren's response to the Panic of 1837 was to A) inflate the currency. B) reestablish the National Bank. C) push for federal funding of internal improvements in order to create jobs. D) reject government interference in the economy.

answer

reject government interference in the economy

question

Martin Van Buren's chief goal as president was to A) end the Panic of 1837 by active government intervention in the economy. B) find an acceptable substitute for the state banks as a place to keep federal funds. C) increase the tariff in order to protect New England's "infant industries." D) institute federal funding for a national transportation network.

answer

find an accepable substitute for the state banks as a place to keep federal funds

question

) President Van Buren attempted to "divorce" the government from all banking activities through the A) "pet" banks network. B) Independent Treasury Act. C) Specie Circular. D) Third National Bank.

answer

independent treasury act

question

In the election of 1840 the Whig's presidential nominee, who was a former military hero whose political opinions were largely unknown, was A) William Henry Harrison. B) Martin Van Buren. C) James K. Polk. D) Zachary Taylor.

answer

william henry harrison

question

"Tippecanoe and Tyler too!" was the campaign slogan for General William Henry Harrison who was the nominee of what political party? A) the Democrats B) the Republicans C) the Jacksonians D) the Whigs

answer

the whigs

question

Over what issue did Davy Crockett split with President Jackson, eventually costing him his congressional seat? A) the Second National Bank B) hunting rights on federal land C) removal of Indians from the South D) cheap land for frontier farmers

answer

removal of indians from the south

question

Immediately after Harrison's inauguration, A) Clay emerged as the power behind the throne, directing the naive and weak-willed Harrison. B) Harrison died, was succeeded by the doctrinaire John Tyler, and the political climate of the country changed dramatically. C) Harrison became a surprisingly strong chief executive, modeling himself on Jackson. D) Harrison died and was succeeded by John Tyler, who was easily manipulated by Webster and Clay.

answer

harrison died, was succeeded by the doctrinaire john tyler, and the political climate of the country changed dramatically

question

During the 1830s and 1840s the economic differences between the rich and the poor A) constituted a wide and growing gap, especially in the larger eastern cities. B) remained constant with only a small gap between the two groups. C) shrank dramatically due to the numerous economic opportunities of the growing economy. D) remained constant with a large gap between the two groups

answer

constituted a wide and growing gap, especially in the larger eastern cities

question

The communitarian group whose members were celibate, held their property in common, valued simplicity and industriousness, stressed equality of labor, and practiced a joyful and fervent religion was A) Brook Farm. B) Oneida. C) the Shakers. D) the Mormons.

answer

the shakers

question

The staunch states' rights advocate who became president when William Henry Harrison died was A) Martin Van Buren. B) James K. Polk. C) Zachary Taylor. D) John Tyler

answer

John Tyler

question

Everyone in Tyler's cabinet except Daniel Webster resigned when Tyler opposed Henry Clay's plans and A) signed the bill creating a new National Bank. B) called for the annexation of Texas. C) vetoed the new National Bank. D) supported a large tariff increase

answer

vetoed the new national bank

question

The peace treaty of 1783 with England granted the United States all the land A) drained by the St. Lawrence River. B) of the Oregon Territory. C) on the eastern bank of the St. Lawrence River. D) drained by rivers flowing into the Atlantic.

answer

drained by rivers flowing into the atlantic

question

In the controversy leading to the Webster-Ashburton Treaty, England's main goal was to A) acquire the timber. B) control the fishing rights. C) build a military road. D) create a secure Canadian border.

answer

build a military road

question

The ________ Treaty settled the disputed boundary between Maine and New Brunswick and demonstrated the growing Anglo-American economic dependence. A) Transcontinental B) Clayton-Bulwer C) Webster-Ashburton D) Gadsden

answer

webster-ashburton

question

Before Texas gained its independence in 1836, a major conflict between American settlers in Texas and the Mexican government was A) Mexico's abolition of slavery. B) Mexico's attempt to require Americans to speak Spanish. C) the effect of the Missouri Compromise on Mexico. D) the weakness of the Mexican central government.

answer

mexicos abolition of slavery

question

In the battle over the independence of Texas, the slaughters at Goliad and at ________, a former mission, made peaceful settlement of the dispute with Mexico almost impossible. A) the Alamo B) the Citadel C) Corpus Christi D) Santa Fe

answer

the Alamo

question

The leader of the Texas independence movement and first president of the Republic of Texas was A) Stephen F. Austin. B) William B. Travis. C) Davy Crockett. D) Sam Houston.

answer

Sam Houston

question

) Sam Houston famously screamed "Remember the Alamo!" at A) Goliad during a decisive American defeat over the Mexicans. B) Mexico City during diplomatic talks with the Mexicans. C) President Jackson's signing of the annexation of Texas. D) a routing of the Mexican army at the San Jacinto River.

answer

a routing of the mexican army at the san jacinto river

question

) Both Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren A) were unwilling to annex Texas. B) attempted to annex Texas. C) refused to recognize Texas. D) warned Mexico to leave Texas alone

answer

were unwilling to annex Texas.

question

Manifest destiny might best be described as the belief that Americans were A) God's chosen people. B) a melting pot of immigrants. C) obligated to educate the Native Americans. D) destined to abolish slavery

answer

God's chosen people

question

Stating that nothing must interfere with the ability of Americans "to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions," New York journalist John L. O'Sullivan was describing the concept of A) economic determinism. B) transcendentalism. C) manifest destiny. D) progressivism.

answer

manifest destiny

question

One significant aspect of life on the westward trail in the 1840s was that it A) was actually safer for children than remaining at home. B) was easier for women than for men. C) strongly reinforced the family pattern of "separate spheres." D) was especially taxing for women.

answer

was especially taxing for women

question

In 1840, California could be most accurately described as A) unmistakably Mexican, with only a handful of white American settlers. B) still almost entirely controlled and owned by a series of Catholic missions. C) one of the few areas where the Native Americans were guaranteed the same civil rights as whites. D) dominated by white Americans, with only a handful of Mexican settlers.

answer

unmistakably Mexican with only a handful of white american settlers

question

"Oregon fever" referred to A) a common malady of the nineteenth century. B) a deep-seated hate for the Native Americans. C) the desire to go to Oregon. D) Christian attempts to convert the Native Americans.

answer

the desire to go to Oregon

question

According to the map "Trails West," the Oregon Trail A) crossed New Mexico Territory before heading north. B) ran along the border between the United States and Canada for much of its route. C) followed a route similar to the Mormon Trail part of the way. D) ran perpendicular to the Old Spanish Trail.

answer

followed a route similiar to the mormon trail part of the way

question

When the Whigs nominated Henry Clay for the presidency in 1844, their platform A) came out strongly for the annexation of Texas. B) ignored the question of Texas. C) supported the acquisition of Oregon. D) condemned all expansion.

answer

ignored the question of texas

question

James K. Polk might best be described as a A) promoter of high tariffs. B) national bank supporter. C) good Jacksonian. D) foe of expansion.

answer

good jacksonian

question

Upon sensing the expansionist sentiment of voters in the election of 1844, Henry Clay A) stuck firmly to his opposition to the annexation of Texas. B) backed off his firm opposition to the annexation of Texas. C) won the election because of his unyielding support of manifest destiny. D) pushed through a joint resolution making Texas a state.

answer

backed off his firm opposition to the annexation of texas

question

In accordance with the joint resolution that annexed Texas, A) Texas became an independent territory. B) up to four new states could be created from its territory. C) the territory of Texas was required to remain consolidated. D) Texas had to wait ten years until it could be granted full statehood.

answer

up to four new states could be created from its territory

question

American settlement in the Oregon region was centered in the A) Columbia River Valley. B) Willamette Valley. C) Walla Walla River Valley. D) Cascade Mountains.

answer

willamette valley

question

In 1846 the United States signed a treaty dividing the Oregon territory along the 49th parallel with A) Great Britain. B) Russia. C) France. D) Canada.

answer

great britain

question

The reason the final Oregon Treaty between the United States and England was popular is that A) America got all it demanded. B) the war with Mexico had begun. C) the Democrats saw a chance to get even with the Whigs. D) slavery was forbidden in the area.

answer

the war with mexico had begun

question

Mexico's main grievance against the United States was based upon the A) large debts the United States owed Mexico. B) invasion of California by Fremont. C) intrigues of John Slidell. D) annexation of Texas.

answer

annexation of texas

question

What happened in the Mexican War? A) The president led the nation into war without a formal declaration of war from Congress. B) American armed forces fought only inside the boundaries of the continental United States. C) Although the Mexican army was larger, better equipped, and well-led, American forces easily conquered Mexico. D) General Winfield Scott led a disastrous and poorly planned campaign against Mexico City.

answer

the president led the nation into war without a formal declaration of war from congress

question

"War exists." Polk said this to A) the Mexican diplomatic mission. B) General Mariano Paredes, the Mexican head of state. C) Thomas Slidell when authorizing further use of American armed forces. D) Congress when asking for a declaration of war.

answer

congress when asking for a declaration of war

question

President Polk's plans to defeat Mexico included A) driving Santa Anna from power. B) invading Texas. C) establishing a naval blockade of Mexican ports. D) taking possession of California and New Mexico

answer

taking posession of california and new mexico

question

During the Mexican War, what happened in the Southwest? A) American settlers seized Sonoma and established the Republic of California. B General Stephen Kearny's cavalry expedition from Fort Leavenworth was defeated and captured at the Battle of Santa Fe. C) A virtual civil war broke out between settlers favoring the United States and those supporting Mexico. D) The Mexican army easily defeated the initial efforts of a ragtag army of American settlers to create an independent California.

answer

american settlelrs seized sonoma and established the republic of california

question

The campaign against Mexico City was commanded by General A) Zachary Taylor. B) Stephen Kearny. C) Winfield Scott. D) Thomas Hart Benton.

answer

winfield scott

question

_____ was the chief clerk of the State Department who negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo against the orders of President Polk. A) George M. Dallas B) James G. Birney C) Abel P. Upshur D) Nicholas P. Trist

answer

nicholas p trist

question

The Mexican War was ended by the A) Gadsden Purchase. B) Treaty of Vera Cruz. C) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. D) Treaty of San Juoaquin.

answer

treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

question

Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the United States A) promised to respect Mexican sovereignty in the future. B) gained Texas and Oklahoma. C) agreed to continue Mexico's prohibition of slavery in the Southwest. D) gained New Mexico and Upper California.

answer

gained new mexico and upper california

question

For many Americans, the ultimate justification of manifest destiny and the Mexican War seemed to be the A) prohibition on slavery in the territory gained from Mexico. B) recognition by Europeans that America was also an imperial power. C) discovery of gold in California in 1848. D) guarantee of a transcontinental railroad route through the territory conquered from Mexico.

answer

discovery of gold in california in 1848

question

Slavery erupted as a divisive issue after the Mexican War over the question of A) restricting the domestic slave trade. B) continuing slave auctions in Washington, D.C. C) renewing the importation of slaves. D) allowing slavery in the territory conquered from Mexico

answer

allowing slavery in the territory conquered from mexico

question

The attempt to prohibit slavery from the territory gained by the Mexican War was identified with A) Lewis Cass. B) David Wilmot. C) Henry Clay. D) Zachary Taylor

answer

david wilmot

question

"As an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico...neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory." This is from the A) Compromise of 1850. B) Webster-Ashburton Treaty. C) Wilmot Proviso. D) Tallmadge Amendment.

answer

william proviso

question

The original advocate of organizing new territories on the basis of "popular sovereignty" was A) Lewis Cass. B) Nicholas Trist. C) David Wilmot. D) Zachary Taylor.

answer

lewis cass

question

Zachary Taylor was chosen to run for president by the Whigs in 1848 because of his A) opposition to slavery. B) extensive legislative experience. C) proven ability to campaign. D) military career.

answer

military career

question

In the election of 1848, supporters of Martin Van Buren who opposed Lewis Cass were nicknamed A) Mugwumps. B) Locofocos. C) Railsplitters. D) Barnburners.

answer

barnburners

question

In 1849 approximately 80,000 Americans migrated to California because of the A) completion of the Santa Fe Trail. B) start of the gold rush. C) end of the Mexican War. D) severe unemployment in the East.

answer

start of the gold rush

question

The California state constitution of 1849 banned slavery for primarily ________ reasons. A) economic B) moral C) religious D) political

answer

economic

question

California's possible admission as a free state caused such a furor because it A) forced slavery to be barred in all territories. B) repealed the Missouri Compromise. C) rejected the idea of "popular sovereignty." D) broke the balance of power in the Senate between slave and free states.

answer

broke the balance of power in the senate between slave and free states

question

The senator who initially organized the legislative program that became the Compromise of 1850 was A) David Wilmot. B) Daniel Webster. C) Henry Clay. D) John C. Calhoun.

answer

henry clay

question

In the debates over the Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay's most famous argument was that A) because God's "higher law" prohibited any cooperation with the evils of slavery, the North should refuse to compromise. B) the North should yield completely on every point, ceasing even to discuss slavery. C) fugitive slaves who escaped to the North should be guaranteed their freedom. D) slavery did not need to be prohibited by a Wilmot Proviso because the facts of geography and climate prevented its establishment in the Southwest.

answer

slavery did not need to be prohibited by a wilmot proviso because the facts of geography and climate prevented its establishment in the southwest

question

"You have got what is worth more than a thousand Wilmot Provisos...You have nature on your side." This statement is a defense of the Compromise of 1850 by whom? A) Daniel Webster B) Henry Clay C) Millard Fillmore D) Zachary Taylor

answer

henry clay

question

When Zachary Taylor died, the politician who became president and was instrumental in achieving the Compromise of 1850 was A) Millard Fillmore. B) Franklin Pierce. C) James Buchanan. D) John Tyler.

answer

millard fillmore

question

According to the maps accompanying the comparison between the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, the __________ had the largest area of any free territory in 1850. A) Unorganized Territory B) Oregon Territory C) Utah Territory D) area freed by Missouri Compromise

answer

area freed by missouri compromise

question

The part of the Compromise of 1850 which seems to indicate unscrupulous activities was A) admitting California as a free state. B) taking over the debts of Texas. C) strengthening the fugitive slave law. D) abolishing the slave trade in the District of Columbia.

answer

taking over the debts of texas

question

The attempt to prohibit slavery from the territory gained by the Mexican War was identified with A) Lewis Cass. B) David Wilmot. C) Henry Clay. D) Zachary Taylor.

answer

david wilmot

question

What was the public reaction to the Compromise of 1850? A) Violent antislavery riots condemned it in the North. B) Abolitionists were quite pleased with its steps towards gradual emancipation. C) Mass meetings throughout the country were held to support it. D) Defenders of slavery praised it for preserving the balance between free and slave states in the Senate.

answer

mass meetings throughout the country were held to support it

STUDY

AP United States History Government Intervention In The Economy National Child Labor Committee Poll Taxes And Literacy Tests Waving The Bloody Shirt

Apush Chapter 20 Answers – Flashcards 30 terms

Patrick Thompson

30 terms

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Apush Chapter 20 Answers – Flashcards

question

"Waving the bloody shirt"

answer

A term of ridicule used in the 1880s and 1890s to refer to politicians- especially Republicans- who, according to critics, whipped up old animosities from the Civil War era that ought to be set aside.

question

Gilded age

answer

A term in the 1920s describing the late nineteenth century as a period of ostentatious displays of wealth, growing poverty, and government inaction in the face of income inequality. Followed by a "Progressive Era".

question

Pendleton Act

answer

1883 law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination. The Pendleton Act dealt a major blow to the "spoils system" and sought to ensure that government positions were filled by trained, professional employees.

question

Mugwumps

answer

A late-nineteenth century branch of reform-minded Republicans who left their party in 1884 to support Democratic presidential candidate Grover Cleveland. Many were classical liberals who denounced corruption and advocated a reduction in government powers and civil service reform.

question

Sherman Antitrust Act

answer

Landmark 1890 act that forbade anti-competitive business activities, requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.

question

Lodge Bill

answer

Also known as the Federal Elections Bill of 1890, a bill proposing that whenever 100 citizens in any district appealed for intervention, a bipartisan federal board could investigate and seat the rightful winner. The defeat of the bill was a blow to those seeking to defend African American voting rights and to ensure full participation in politics.

question

Omaha Platform

answer

1892 statement by the Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans.

question

Free Silver

answer

A policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold. Advocates to the policy thought it would encourage borrowing and stimulate industry, but the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan ended the "free silver" movement and gave Republicans power to retain the gold standard.

question

Williams v. Mississippi

answer

1898 Supreme Court ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests. By 1908, every southern state had adopted such measures.

question

Solid South

answer

The post Reconstruction goal- achieved by the early twentieth century- of almost complete electoral control of the South by the Democratic Party.

question

Lochner v. New York

answer

A 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.

question

Newlands Reclamation Act

answer

1902 law, supported by President Theodore Roosevelt, that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands.

question

Wisconsin Idea

answer

A policy promoted by Republican governor Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for greater government interaction in the economy, with reliance on experts, particularly progressive economists, for policy recommendation.

question

Recall

answer

Pioneering progressive idea, enacted in Wisconsin, Oregon, California, and other states that gave citizens the right to remove unpopular politicians from office through a vote.

question

Referendum

answer

The process of voting directly on a proposed policy measure rather than leaving it in the hands of elected legislators' a progressive reform.

question

National Child Labor Committe

answer

A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully) to win a federal law banning child labor. The NCLC hired photographer Lewis Hine to record brutal conditions in mines and mills where thousands of children worked.

question

Muller v. Oregon

answer

A 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld and Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours, based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood. Muller complicated the earlier decision in Lochner v. New York, laying out grounds on which states could intervene to protect workers. It divided women's rights activists, however, because some saw it's provisions as discriminatory.

question

Talented Tenth

answer

Term used by Harvard-educated sociologist W.E.B. Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans, whom he called on to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.

question

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

answer

An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans, especially through the courts.

question

Industrial Workers of the World

answer

An umbrella union and radical political group founded in 1905 dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism. Nicknamed the Wobblies, it advocated direct action by workers, including sabotage and general strikes.

question

New Nationalism

answer

In a 1910 speech, Theodore Roosevelt called for a "New Nationalism" that promoted government intervention to enhance public welfare, including a federal child labor law, more recognition of labor rights, a national minimum wage for women, women's suffrage, and curbs on the power of federal courts to stop reform.

question

Federal Reserve Act

answer

The central bank system of the U.S. created in 1913. The Federal Reserve helps set the money supply level, thus influencing the rate of growth in the U.S. economy, and seeks to ensure the stability of the U.S. monetary system.

question

Clayton Antitrust Act

answer

A 1914 law that strengthened federal definitions of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases; it also specified that labor unions could not generally be prosecuted for "restraint of trade", ensuring that antitrust laws would apply to corporations rather than unions.

question

Mary E. Lease

answer

Well known during the early 1890's for her actions as a speaker for the populist party. She was a tall, strong woman who made numerous and memorable speeches on behalf of the downtrodden farmer. She denounced the money-grubbing government and encouraged farmers to speak their discontent with the economic situation.

question

William Jennings Bryan

answer

Leader of the Democrats in the Chicago convention of 1896 who was a supporter of free silver and won his audiences with biblical fervor; jobless workers and bankrupt farmers resulted in Bryan's assault on the gold standard striking fear in many hearts.

question

Theodore Roosevelt

answer

26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War.

question

Robert La Follette

answer

Member of the House, senator and Governor of the state of Wisconsin, he brought about many democratic reforms in the state's politics, including the nomination of candidates by direct vote and the regulation of railroad rates. He also introduced the idea of direct appeal to the electorate on questions of policy, called the referendum.

question

Louis Brandeis

answer

A prominent reformer and Attorney in "Muller vs. Oregon" (1908) that persuaded Supreme Court to accept constitutionality of laws protecting women workers saying conditions are harder on women's weaker bodies. Wrote book "Other People's Money and How Bankers use it" (1914) that pushed reform within the banks. Nominated in 1916 by Woodrow Wilson for Supreme Court.

question

W.E.B. Du Bois

answer

Born in Mass. in 1868, known for being the first black graduate from Harvard, born a free man and co-founded the NAACP.

question

Eugene V. Debs

answer

Head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman strike; he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking. While in prison, he read Socialist literature and emerged as a Socialist leader in America.

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AP United States History Civil Service Reform Government Intervention In The Economy Modern World History Sherman Silver Purchase Act

History Chapter 18 Answers – Flashcards 54 terms

Isabella Parker

54 terms

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History Chapter 18 Answers – Flashcards

question

Gilded Age (1860-1896)

answer

An Era of dramatic industrial and urban growth characterized by widespread political corruption and loose government oversight of corporations

question

tenements

answer

Shabby, low cost inner city apartment buildings that housed the urban poor in cramped, un ventilated apartments apartments

question

new immigrants

answer

Wave of newcomers from southern and eastern Europe including many Jews, who became a majority among immigrants to America after 1890

question

nativists

answer

Native-born Americans motivated by racial prejudice who blamed immigrants for social or economic problems and sought to restrict their access to Americ

question

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

answer

Federal law that barred Chinese laborers from immigrating to America

question

Social Darwinism

answer

The application of Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection to human society; Social Darwinists used the concept of "survival of the fittest" to justify class distinctions, explains poverty, and oppose government intervention in the economy

question

patronage

answer

An informal system (sometimes called the "spoils system") used by the politicians to reward their supporters with government appointments or contracts

question

party "boss"

answer

A powerful political leader who controlled a "machine" of associated and operatives to promote both individual and party interests, often used informal tactics such as intimidation or the patronage system

question

civil service reform

answer

An extended effort led by political reformers to end the patronage system, led to the Pendleton Act (1883), which called for government jobs to be awarded based on merit rather than party loyalty

question

Mugwumps

answer

Reformers who bolted the Republican party in 1884 to support Democrat Glover Cleveland for president over Republican James G. Blaine, whose secret dealings on behalf of railroad companies had brought charges of corruption

question

Interstate Commerce Commission

answer

An independent federal agency established in 1887 to oversee business engaged in interstate trade, especially railroads, but whose regulatory power was limited when tested in courts

question

tariff reform (1887)

answer

Effort led by the Democratic party to reduce taxed on imported goods, which Republicans argued were needed to protect American industries from foreign competition

question

Granger movement

answer

Began by offering social and educational activities for isolated farmers and their families and later started to promote "cooperatives" where farmers could join together to buy, store, and sell their crops to avoid the high fees charged by brokers and other middlemen

question

Farmers' Alliances

answer

Like the Granger movement, these organizations sought to address the issues of small farming communities; however, Alliances emphasized more political action and called for the creation of a Third Party to advocate their concerns

question

People's party or Populists

answer

Political party formed in 1892 following the success of Farmer's Alliance candidates; Populists advocated a variety of reforms, including free coinage of silver, a progressive income tax, postal savings banks, regulation of railroads and direct election of US senators

question

Panic of 1893

answer

A major collaspe in the national economy after several major railroad companies declared bankruptcy, leading to a severe depression and several violent clashes between workers and management

question

"money question"

answer

Late nineteenth century national debate over the nature of U.S. currency; supporters of a fixed gold standard were generally money lenders, and thus preferred to keep the value of money high, while supporters of silver (and gold) coinage were debtors, they owed money, so they wanted to keep the value of money low by increasing the currency supply (inflation).

question

Darwin's On the Origin of Species is published

answer

1859

question

Construction of New York's Central Park begins

answer

1858

question

Otis Elevator Company installs the first electric elevator

answer

1889

question

Ellis Island, a federal center for processing immigrants, opens

answer

1892

question

Congress passes the Chinese Exclusion Act

answer

1882

question

Basketball is invented

answer

1891

question

Nativism included religious prejudice against all of the following except

answer

presbyterians

question

You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns said

answer

William Jennings Bryan

question

After 1890s, most immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe

answer

True

question

After 1890, the new immigrants included all the following except

answer

Scots-Irish

question

After the Civil War, more people moved to the frontier than to cities

answer

False

question

All of the following are correct about the Sherman Anti Trust Act except that it

answer

set up the interstate commerce commissions

question

By 1900, nearly 30 percent of city dwellers were immigrant

answer

True

question

By 1900, the United States had more saloons than grocery stores

answer

True

question

Charles Darwin did not agree with Herbert Spencer's adaptation of his ideas to the human realm

answer

True

question

Civil service reform was a result of the assassination of President James A Garfield

answer

True

question

For recreation, the urban working class preferred

answer

going to saloons and dance halls

question

Herbert Spencer's disciple who popularized social Darwinism in America was

answer

William Graham Sumner

question

In 1882, Congress passed legislation to excluded immigrants from

answer

China

question

1890, 80 percent of New Yorkers were foreign born

answer

True

question

In the 1880s the source of foreign immigrations to the United States shifted from

answer

northwestern Europe to southeastern Europe

question

Leslie F Ward stressed humankind's basic compassion

answer

True

question

Nativism was the belief that immigrants could, and should, be Americanized quickly

answer

False

question

Realism in literature and art was influenced by

answer

all of these: Recent fascination with science Horrors of civil war Rise of urban life

question

Social Darwinism had its roots in the work of

answer

Herbert Spencer

question

The Democratic party appealed to southern white voters

answer

True

question

The Pendleton Act allowed for the coinage of more silver

answer

False

question

The Populist party fused with the Republican in the election of 1896 in an attempt to gain free and unlimited coinage of silver

answer

False

question

The Sherman Silver Purchased Act of 1890

answer

worried eastern business and financial groups

question

The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1809 outlawed corporate action in restraint of trad

answer

False

question

The basic problems of farmers in the late nineteenth century was

answer

overproduction of agricultural products and subsequent decline in commodity prices

question

The basic problem of farmers in the late nineteenth century was

answer

overproduction of agricultural products and the subsequent decline in commodity prices

question

The first regulatory agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission, was created in 1887

answer

True

question

The high tariff hurt farmers by limiting their export markets

answer

True

question

The implications of social Darwinism included

answer

a belief in the progress of human societies

question

The only major national issue that clearly and consistently divided Democrats from Republican was

answer

tariff policy

question

The phrase survival of the fittest was coined by

answer

Herbert Spencer

STUDY

16th And 17th Centuries Care For The Sick Government Intervention In The Economy Principles Of Economics: Microeconomics

Economic Geography Test Questions – Flashcards 52 terms

Millie Miller

52 terms

Preview

Economic Geography Test Questions – Flashcards

question

Be able to define capitalism; most importantly, know the KEY element of that definition that makes capitalism unique

answer

Capitalism is the economic, social, political, and geographic system characterized by the private ownership of the economic means of production—the key component is PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

question

Know and be able to briefly define the fundamental institution in capitalism

answer

The market, where buyers and sellers interact through supply and demand on the basis of price

question

Know what the guiding force is in the capitalist market

answer

Profit: which is the difference between revenue and cost

question

Be able to generally describe who are the "survivors" in a competitive market economy

answer

The most efficient producers are the survivors

question

Be able to distinguish between the definitions of gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP)

answer

GDP: the sum of the value of goods and services produced in a given country in one year. GNP: includes the value of activities of domestic companies in other countries as well

question

Know what figure is often used as the key measure in determining standard of living around the globe; know how this figure is calculated.

answer

Per Capita GDP: GDP divided by population

question

Be able to define laissez-faire capitalism

answer

Free markets without government intervention

question

Be able to explain the concept of relative distance and how globalization is impacting it presently

answer

Relative distance: the time it takes us to communicate between places. The globalization of our economy has shrunk our relative distance on the planet

question

Be able to broadly define which groups of countries were classified as First World, Second World, and Third World countries in that international economic order

answer

First World: US, Canada, Australia, Japan, Europe Second World: Soviet Union and communist allies Third World: Mexico, South America, Africa, South Asia, Cuba, Greenland

question

Be able to broadly define core and periphery; be able to indicate which of the previous international economic order groups would fit into either classification.

answer

First World becomes the core and Third World become the periphery The Core: economic growth and strength; a leader, influencing other economies--Ex: US, Western Europe, Eastern China, Japan The Periphery: weaker, dependent on decisions made elsewhere--Ex: formally apart of the second world

question

Be able to identify the country or empire that was the dominant world power in the 1800s (hint: this was also the first one to industrialize)

answer

Britain

question

Know which national culture has been the dominant one in the globalization of culture (meaning which culture's aspects and products are most represented in that process)

answer

The U.S.

question

Be able to explain in broad terms how telecommunications access often coincides with manifestations of wealth

answer

telecommunications require technology and infrastructure, which is a manifestation of wealth

question

Be able to define transnational corporation and explain the role they play in the globalization of the economy.

answer

Transnational corporation: is a corporation that manages production or delivers services in more than one country ; The role in globalization: They are able to provide goods and services at a reasonable cost to the poorest people in the poorest countries. Many local businesses and economies suffer because they cannot compete with the prices TNCs are able to offer.

question

Know the general category of countries in which transnational corporations are headquartered.

answer

While global in reach, these corporations' home bases are concentrated in the Northern industrialized countries, where ninety percent of all transnationals are based. More than half come from just five nations: France, Germany, the Netherlands, Japan and the United States.

question

Be able to explain the general purpose of development; know the two critical issues that must be considered when studying development.

answer

The purpose of development is to improve people's standard of living or "quality of life". Two issues: 1. Environmental constraints: developing world destroys the environment in order to stay alive. Developed world destroys the environment because of consumerism. 2. Disparities of Wealth and Well-Being: Poverty is more concentrated in the developing world, but it is everywhere.

question

know the general lifestyle human beings havevlived for about 95% of our existence on Earth.

answer

feudalism

question

Be able to generally describe the nature of feudalism in Europe, including the atmosphere it created toward change, and people's outlook on life and potential socioeconomic progress.

answer

wascthe dominant form of social and economic relations in Europe. Quite stable, highly conservative system. An environment that discouraged experimentation and innovation; What you were born into was where you belong: progress was inconceivable.

question

Know which organization was the dominant political/ideological institution in feudal Europe (BE SPECIFIC).

answer

the Catholic church with the Pope being the head and holding most of the wealth. Preachers served as judges, teachers, etc, and were often the only literate members of the society: they had control of information and communication. Corruption within the church, papacy.

question

Know the name of the major trade route that brought innovations to feudal Europe from Arabia, India, and China.

answer

The Silk Road

question

Know the name of the disease that wiped out a quarter of Europe's population in just 4 years in the mid-1300s; be able to generally describe how some believe this epidemic helped bring an end to feudalism in Europe.

answer

The Bubonic plague or "Black Death". When the serfs died, the foundation on which feudalism relied upon was broken. The pyramid of power broke. Serfs were free to leave the lands of the lords to seek higher wages with the vast labour shortages. The land that had usually been the primary source of wealth was now worthless. As Europe evolved away from relying on land as the main source of prosperity, a rising middle-class claimed more and more wealth and prestige, as the once-noble began to quickly lose both.

question

Know where capitalism in Europe is thought to have originated.

answer

Born in the northern Italian city states of Venice, genoa, Pisa, and Florence

question

Know the group that, having been the middle class in feudal Europe, became the ruling class under capitalism; know which feudal group became the working class in capitalism.

answer

Merchant class became the ruling class; Peasants and serfs became the working class

question

Know what industry was born due to money becoming the standardized measure of value in capitalist Europe.

answer

Financial Industry

question

Know the invention that brought literacy (or the possibility of it) to the masses after its invention in 1450.

answer

The printing press

question

Know the event that significantly diminished the power of the Catholic Church by de-emphasizing the role of priests as intermediaries in one's relationship with God.

answer

The Protestant Reformation

question

Know the peace treaty (signed in 1648) that legitimized the nation-state as the primary unit of international relations and law.

answer

The Peace of Westphalia

question

Be able to compare and contrast animate sources of energy and inanimate sources of energy; be able to explain the general early progression of the inanimate sources.

answer

Animate: human and animal muscle power (Pre-Industrial; mercantilism; labor-intensive); Inanimate: energy from non-living sources (Industrial; complex process of inputs, outputs, and technologies)--Ex: 1. Hydraulic power, 2. Steam power (wood burning), 3. Steam power (coal burning), Later joined by petroleum and natural gas as fuel sources

question

Be able to define productivity and explain how increasing productivity has historically affected wages paid to labor.

answer

Productivity: the level of output generated by a given volume of inputs

question

Be able to generally explain the progression of the dominant industries in the Kondratiev waves through the Industrial Revolution.

answer

1. Textiles - first manufacture present, easy industry to enter, few capital requirements—machine is inexpensive, labor is not extensive 2. Heavy Industry - massive capital investments, more expensive, more labor intensive, difficult to enter market 3. Heavy Industry II - massive technological change, capital requirements more intensive, introduction of economic change, local markets give away to national markets 4. Petrochemicals/Automobiles 5. Electronics/Information Technology - growth of service sector

question

Be able to explain what the creation of the industrial working class made into a commodity (hint: think about how we typically get paid in terms of wages).

answer

Commoditization of time—your time can be bought or sold; time = money

question

Be able to compare and contrast the attitudes of early industrializers versus those of the later industrializers in regard to government intervention in the economy.

answer

Early industrializers are the British and US who have the attitude of government keep their hands off—if we didn't need government help then we don't need it now; Later industrializers, Japan and Germany, have a much more favorable view of government help, symbiotic relationship, government and economy help each other out

question

Know the time periods and some of the major participants of the two major waves of imperialism.

answer

Age of Exploration Overseas Empires (1400s - early 1800s) Major players: Spain, Portugal, Britain, France, Netherlands, Most important are the Spanish and Portuguese; Post-Napoleonic Wars Overseas Commercial Empires (post-1815 - late 20th century) Major players: U.S., Germany, Italy, Japan

question

Know what economic sector (or group of activities) the Europeans developed in their colonies.

answer

the primary sector where they extracted raw materials such as agriculture, mining, forestry, and fishing

question

Know what country showed the rest of the world that industrialization and imperialism was not just something Europeans could do.

answer

Japan

question

Know the approximate amount of people Earth could support if we were all hunter-gatherers.

answer

50 million people

question

Know how population density is calculated; be able to explain how it can be deceiving, especially using the country we gave as an example of this deception.

answer

Population density: people per unit area deceitful: egypt (205 ppl/sq. mi.), but most of the population live on 4% of land

question

Know what continent has the highest rates of population growth currently.

answer

Africa

question

Be able to calculate doubling time.

answer

Divide 70 by the growth rate--Example: 1.2% growth rate. 70/1.2 = 58 years

question

Be able to differentiate between natural growth rate (NGR) and net migration rate (NMR).

answer

NGR: Natural growth represents the births and deaths in a country's population and does not take into account migration (Births - Deaths); NMR: The difference between the number of migrants entering and those leaving a country in a year, per 1,000 midyear population. (In-Migration - Out-Migration)

question

Be able to calculate growth rate or rate of natural increase using crude birth rates and crude death rates.

answer

Example: U.S. CBR = 14 ; U.S. CDR = 8 ; 14-8=6 ; 6/1000 = .006 or 0.6% growth rate

question

Be able to summarize Thomas Malthus's view of the consequences of population growth, particularly who he believed was at fault, why human beings reproduced, and the differences between the rate of population growth and the growth of food production.

answer

Consequences: he blamed the poverty in Britain's cities on population growth. Who's at fault: the poor, attributes population growth to social ills. Rate of population growth grew exponentially; growth of food production grew linearly

question

Know an example of a "preventative check" and a "positive check" to population growth in Malthusianism.

answer

Preventative Checks: contraception (which Malthus rejected on religious grounds), moral restraint/abstinence; Positive Checks: war, famine, disease, death

question

Know the 3 major problems that resulted in Malthus being proved wrong.

answer

1. He didn't foresee the impacts of the Industrial Revolution, 2. He didn't foresee the opening up of large grasslands in N. America, Argentina, and Australia, 3. The Industrial Revolution saw birth rates decline; fertility is socially constructed, not a biological inevitability

question

Know the key difference between Malthusians and Neo-Malthusians.

answer

The Neo-Malthusians did advocate birth control

question

Know why the developing world is going through a longer stage of "population explosion" than what Europe and North America experienced.

answer

In the developed world we made the technology and were used to how it worked; with the developing world we introduced the technology so it caught them all off guard—liberalization of women really made birth decline; introduction of technology

question

Be able to define dependency ratio.

answer

Dependency ratio = non working population divided by working population You want a 1:1.5 or 1:2 ; You do NOT want a 1:1 or 1.15:1

question

Be able to differentiate between push factors and pull factors using economic examples.

answer

Push factors: cause you to leave a place--Example: lose your job, natural disaster, environmental impact (crop failure) Pull factors: draw us to a particular area--Example: higher wages, cost of living, real estate, taxes

question

Be able to briefly explain Labor Migration Theory; also, be able to provide a few reasons why there is no equilibrium throughout the world in regard to wages according to the theory.

answer

Labor Migration Theory: The greater the difference between wages in A and B, the greater the amount of migration from the low-wage region to the high-wage region; Migration only happens if the wage difference exceeds the cost of migration. No Equilibrium: knowledge of opportunities isn't always available in low wage areas AND there are restrictions to movement

question

Know how migrants can contribute to the economies of the countries they migrated FROM.

answer

Remittances

question

Be able to give an example of a large intercontinental migration from the past.

answer

1. Slave trade-involuntary, 2. Europeans coming to North America in the 1800's—voluntary 3. Chinese going to SE Asia in 1980-1990s

question

Be able to explain the intrastate migration that has been going on in the United States over the past 50 years.

answer

Sun belt migration: people moving from the Northeast and Midwest to the South and West

STUDY

Death And Life Family Systems Theory Government Intervention In The Economy Structural Family Therapy Struggle For Control Urban Studies

AIDS – Geography – Flashcards 64 terms

Jessica Forbes

64 terms

Preview

AIDS – Geography – Flashcards

question

Susan Craddock

answer

(2002)post structuralism ‘fundamentally relational’ nature of vulnerability. instead of behaviours or groups

question

Epstien (1995)

answer

'absolute identity boundaries’ obfuscates the fact that individuals found within particular ascribed identities such as commercial sex worker can have extremely varied practices and therefore highly discrepant levels of vulnerability. Different types of prostitute

question

Pronyk (2008)

answer

A combined microfinance and training intervention can reduce HIV risk behaviour in young female participants
South Africa Limpopo province

question

Williamson (2008)

answer

Sexual risk behaviour and knowledge of HIV status among community samples of gay men in the UK. 40% of those with HIV were undiagnosed

question

Sheridan (2007)

answer

HIV prevalence and risk behaviour among men who have sex with men in Vientiane Capital, Lao People's Democratic Republic. 57.6% reported sex with women

question

Wallace 1999

answer

Deindustrialization, inner-city decay, and the hierarchical diffusion of AIDS in the USA: how neoliberal and cold war policies magnified the ecological niche for emerging infections and created a national security crisis. 'planned shrinkage'

question

Virginia Berridge 1996

answer

Aids in the UK. new right reaction of Thatcher, and liberal consensus of post war governments. Battle to normalise and gay.

question

Sir Donald Acheson

answer

Chief Medical Officer. Alliance with gay and medico-scientfic groups outside government

question

Mitzi (1999)

answer

HIV prevalence, sexual risk behaviour and sexual mixing patterns among migrants in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Only 1% prevalence, Half of those who had come to the Netherlands more than 5 years ago, had visited their country of origin during the past 5 years

question

Hamers (2003)

answer

HIV in central and eastern Europe. institutionalised young children were infected with HIV. collapse of the Soviet Union during the 1990s in the midst of a severe socioeconomic crisis and at the time when Afghanistan became the world's largest opium producer.

question

Cynthia Cannon 2009

answer

United States HIV Policy from the Human Rights Perspective

question

French (1999)

answer

HIV infection leads to a progressive reduction in the number of T cells expressing CD4. tuberculosis representing 4.5% of all deaths

question

Stuart Gillesbie (2005)

answer

Food and Nutrition Security the ability of households and communities to ensure food and nutrition security

question

Shah et al. (2001)

answer

In central Malawi, found women in the patrilocal villages to be more vulnerable to food insecurity. A newly widowed woman is expected to leave her husband’s village and has no control over land and other assets she may have been using jointly with her husband

question

(Whiteside et al. 2003)

answer

In Swaziland, widow inheritance and polygamy were among the more important social drivers of HIV spread

question

Stillwaggon (2002

answer

in her pioneering work, found falling calorie and protein consumption and increasing inequality to be strongly correlated with HIV prevalence in 44 sub-Saharan African countries. – correlation or causation, social vulnerabilties

question

Yamano and Jayne (2004),

answer

Kenyan households surveyed in 1997 and 2000, found the death of a prime-age male household head to be associated with a 68 percent reduction in per caput household crop production value.

question

De Waal and Whiteside (2003)

answer

have posited a “new-variant famine” hypothesis in which hunger and HIV/AIDS reinforce each other with catastrophic consequences

question

Daniel Low-Beer & Rand L Stoneburner (2003):

answer

In Uganda, HIV prevalence declined from 21% to 9.8% from 1991–199848% of men and women reported that they stuck to one partner, 11% of women and 14% of men stopped all sex, 82% of women heard of AIDS from this source compared to 40–65% in other countries.condom use. faith Philip Lutaaya high levels of social capital and communication in addition to formal HIV interventions. and thailand

question

Gideon Mendel

answer

Kenyan voices, photography, Be positive

question

Susan Sontag

answer

"The photographer's intentions do not determine the meaning of aphotograph, which will have its own career, blown by the whims and loyalties of the diverse communities that have use for it."

question

Sarah Schulman (1998)

answer

A Review of Stage Struck, Theatre, AIDS, and the Marketing of Gay America. Pink dollar, public homosexuality

question

Johnston (2007)

answer

Off the Map: Why HIV/AIDS Programming is failing same-sex practicing people in Africa. “anti-gay discrimination is fuelling the African HIV/AIDS epidemic”

question

PEPFAR

answer

President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Cunts.

question

Cathy Cohen (1999)

answer

Boundaires of Blackness. Secondary marginilasation

question

Kimberle Crenshaw (1989)

answer

Intersectionality is a feminist sociological theory The theory suggests—and seeks to examine how—various biological, social and cultural categories

question

John Rawl

answer

justice is fairness

question

Audre Lorde

answer

anti povitism, reject male female binary. Carrabbean America poet and activismKitchen Table: Women of Color Press

question

Kimberle Williams Crenshaw

answer

critical race theory

question

Patricia Hill Collins

answer

Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politics of Empowerment

question

Paul Gilroy(1987)

answer

There ain’t not black in the Union Jack. ‘narcissistic obsession’ with the notion of identity.

question

Miles (1984)

answer

to abolish the notion of race. Its acknowledgement makes it real

question

Manuel Castells (1983)

answer

urban dimension of new social movements. Diverse but consider themselves around three central goasl: collective consumption (goods and services directly and indirectly provided by the state), cultural identity (territory protection), political self-management (degree of autonomy)

question

Philip Kayal (1993)

answer

Massive GMHC

question

ACT UP

answer

1987, Larry Kramer

question

Ryan White

answer

Kicked out of school, blood transfusion

question

St Patricks Cathedral

answer

Catholic church ACT UP cunts

question

Michael Brown 1997

answer

Identities as performative. Vancouver Act UP shadow state

question

UN AIDS

answer

US$ 8.7 billion in 2009 to US$ 7.6 billion in 2010. 33 million. 10,000 of 30,000 Africans

question

Austin (1990)

answer

Black other, colonial legacy. AIDS Africa, media racist fantasy. Body embodiment - prostitute, homosexual

question

Treichler (1991)

answer

specific kind of narrative around a specific kind of knowledge. Undifferentiated mass of disease

question

Farmer (1992)

answer

Haiti 'calculus of blame'

question

Watney (1994)

answer

African homosexuals ignored ultimate point of contradiction. two diseases protect white male

question

Gorna (1996)

answer

Mainstreaming leaves women at risk. Not an 'equal opportunity virus' Ridiculous stats. Double standards of morality

question

Danziger 1996

answer

Britain vs Sweden HIV testing

question

Levy (2011)

answer

prostitution as violence. No harm reduction policies

question

1985

answer

Normalising shift - risk groups and risk behaviours

question

C C

answer

Cooperation and Control, Contain Control

question

Patton (1994)

answer

Women as generalised and invisible - specific treament, gynacology

question

Kearn (2009)

answer

Geographical luck

question

Comaroff (2007)

answer

Neo liberalism eroding public institutions. Exclusion form 'pharmalogical salvation' beyong bare life.

question

Biehl (2007)

answer

Brazil 3% and 15%

question

Robins (2004)

answer

TAC< Presient Mbeki - anti colonial rhetoric

question

Agamben (1988)

answer

Bare life

question

Caltaldo (2008)

answer

Favelas, Rio Di Janeiro

question

Nguyen (2005)

answer

Burkina Faso Jeunes sans forntiers - decisions based on 'social calculus'

question

John Cady (1993)

answer

there is both immersive (blunt, direct) and counter-immersive (not so much reflection on experience, more about education of wider audience) literature. 'makes no demand'

question

James Jones (1993)

answer

counter immersive. AIDS transcends the limits they oppose. argues that counter-immersive literature is still hugely political – shows that AIDS is hard to talk openly about.

question

Herve Guibert

answer

– writing about the effects of AIDS on his body until his death: ‘living in death’. Rejects doctor’s clinical language stating that it does not match his own experiences (when his CD4 count is low, he is feeling fine etc), rejected AZT and embraced death: this is the book that did not save his life.
• Immersive piece – To the friend who did not save my life (1990): frantic, talks about Foucault (betrayal or moral imperative to tell the truth?)
play called Modesty and Shame

question

Hollinghurst (2004)

answer

– The Line of Beauty – more mainstream than other authors: British, institutional credibility. Written much later – neither immersive nor counter-immersive: looking back at AIDS in the 1980s and 1990s rather than attempting to create new meaning (more radical styles of writing at time). Critiques Thatcher’s Britain – looking at politics rather than his own experience of AIDS. Nick,Leo and Wani

question

Edmund White (2005)

answer

• 1997 The Farewell Symphony – loss of friends in the Violet Quill, talks about pretext of AIDS (gay liberalisation era) – going from active to ‘drowned out’ and passive gay community. lost friends to AIDS, therefore wanted to convey his own experience and their experiences of HIV. A counter-immersive piece: looks at the history of the medicalization of AIDS, treating gays as ‘subjects’.

question

Randy Shiltz (1987)

answer

looks at the US spread of AIDS within the gay community:
• How narratives around the gay groups changed from ‘carefree’ (e.g. the free Castro District – liberal, gay sexuality) to seen as ‘deadly infections’. Closure of bath houses.
Distinction between policy and practice – AIDS being the ‘number 1 health priority’ but not given any extra funding by the CDC.Lack of government action around AIDS, but huge amount of support for the Legionnaire’s Disease due to it being a public emergency ($34,000 per death compared to $8000)

question

Lakoff & Johnson (1980)

answer

Conventional – unaware, naturalised, seen as the ‘best way’ to describe reality.New – outside to our conventional systems, give new meanings, words creating new concepts and actions. Reverberations – the ability of a metaphor to shape people’s perceptions of the world:

question

Hodge (2000)

answer

ACT UP

STUDY

AP United States History Government Intervention In The Economy Guilt And Shame

APUSH Ch. 32 – Flashcards 15 terms

Daniel Thompson

15 terms

Preview

APUSH Ch. 32 – Flashcards

question

The Ohio Gang

answer

Harry M. Daugherty, a small town lawyer but a big time crook in the "Ohio Gang", was supposed to prosecute wrongdoers as attorney general.

question

Disarmament Conference

answer

1921-1922. Invitations went to all the major naval powers. The purpose was to address naval disarmament and the situation in the Far East.

question

Five Powers Naval Treaty

answer

It embodied Hughes's ideas on ship ratios, but only after compensation was offered to the insecure Japanese nation.

question

Four Powers Treaty

answer

It replaced the 20 year old anglo Japanese alliance, it bound Britain, Japan, France, and the U.S. to perserve the status quo in the pacific.

question

Kellogg-Briand Pact

answer

A triumph of the 1920s peace movement. It linked sixty-two nations in the supposed "outlawry of war".

question

Fordney-McCumber Tariff

answer

A bill passed to protect domestic production from foreign competitors. Consequently, many European nations were inclined to increase their own trade barriers.

question

Teapot Dome Scandal

answer

Involved the illegal lease of priceless naval oil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills, California. The scandal was one of several that gave President Harding's administration a reputation for corruption.

question

Silent Cal Coolidge

answer

He was the vice President of Harding. Had the New England virtues of honesty, morality, industry, and frugality. He was known for his silence. He was the crystallization of the commonplace.

question

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

answer

The highest protective tariff in the history of the United States. It passed as a result of horse trading.

question

Black Tuesday

answer

The dark day of October 29, 1929 when over 16,410,000 shares of stock were sold on Wall Street. It helped to bring on the Great Depression.

question

Hooversville

answer

Towns where impoverished victims of the Great Depression slept under newspapers and in tents. Their visibility ruined the reputation of the Hoover administration.

question

Trickle Down Philosophy of Economics

answer

Idea that money for useful public works would benefit the poor and in return benefit the economy overall.

question

Bonus Army

answer

A group of 20,000 veterans who marched on Washington to demand immediate payment of bonuses earned during World War I. General Douglas MacArthur dispersed them with bayonets and tear gas.

question

Stimson Doctrine

answer

It declared that the United Stated would not recognize any territorial acquisitions which were achieved by force.

question

"Good Neighbor" Policy

answer

It stressed nonintervention in Latin America. It was begun by Herbert Hoover.

STUDY

Basic Economic Decisions Economics Government Intervention In The Economy Three Basic Economic Questions

Econ Chapter 1 Multiple Choice – Flashcards 15 terms

Edwin Holland

15 terms

Preview

Econ Chapter 1 Multiple Choice – Flashcards

question

Which of the following is NOT a basic economic question? A) WHAT to produce B) WHEN to produce C) FOR WHOM to produce D) HOW to produce

answer

question

What is the fundamental problem of economics? A) scarcity B) capital C) the factors of production D) labor

answer

question

Which of the following lists the four factors of production? A) land, labor, wants, entrepreneurs B) land, labor, capital, scarcity C) labor, needs, capital, entrepreneurs D) land, labor, capital, entrepreneurs

answer

question

Which of the following is NOT a capital good? A) a bulldozer at a construction site B) a cash register at a clothing store C) an oven at a bakery D) a television set for sale at an appliance store

answer

question

The study of economics includes all of the following EXCEPT A) description B) prediction C) production D) analysis

answer

question

For something to have value, it must A) cost a lot of money B) have utility C) be on sale D) never go out of style

answer

question

Which of the following is an example of a service? A) hairspray B) a haircut C) scissors D) a blow dryer

answer

question

Which of the following is an example of a good? A) a car B) a tune-up C) a car wash D) an oil change

answer

question

Specialization refers to A) the process of creating goods and services B) the use of the four factors of production C) arranging work so that individual workers do fewer tasks than before D) performing one task relatively more efficiently than another

answer

question

What is economic interdependence? A) people's reliance on each other to provide goods and services B) the ability to produce all goods and services C) the relationship between the four factors of production D) the result of a division of labor

answer

question

Which of the following best describes the relationship between trade-offs and opportunity costs? A) opportunity costs are incurred when trade-offs are made B) opportunity costs are the opposite of trade-offs C) trade-offs lower the opportunity costs of an economic decision D) trade-offs occur when there are no opportunity costs

answer

question

Imagine you decide to purchase a soccer ball for $35. Which of the following is an opportunity cost of your decision? A) the time spent deciding to spend your money B) something else that could have been bought C) $35 cash D) the time spent making the purchase and the tax paid on the ball

answer

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a production possibilities frontier? A) it illustrates the concept of opportunity costs B) it is based on full employment of all resources C) it is used by economists as a tool for description analysis D) it indicates the ideal production levels for goods and services

answer

question

Which of the following is NOT and example of economic decision making? A) writing a thesis B) building simple models C) using cost-benefit analysis D) taking small, incremental steps

answer

question

The study of economics helps people to A) become better decision makers B) make wise choices for political candidates C) understand the free-enterprise system D) all of the above

answer

STUDY

AP Government Government Intervention In The Economy Linguistics Political Culture Protecting The Environment Social And Political Reform

Gov Test 8 – Flashcards 44 terms

Linda Lynch

44 terms

Preview

Gov Test 8 – Flashcards

question

Political elites in America are substantially influenced by ____________, and therefore they play an important role in American politics.

answer

newspapers

question

The release of confidential government documents by ____________showed the world that the American government and press sometimes concealed news.

answer

WikiLeaks

question

Websites such as Google News and the Huffington Post are called ____________ because they primarily synthesize news coverage from a variety of sources.

answer

news aggregators

question

The media have become

answer

more diverse.

question

________________ was the communications tool of choice for the organization of the Occupy Wall Street demonstrations in 2011.

answer

Twitter

question

Which of the following is not a benefit of online news?

answer

trustworthiness and vetting of content

question

_________________ has further accelerated the importance of digital politics by being able to alert readers to breaking news before the mainstream media do.

answer

Twitter

question

As traditional news organizations have cut budgets, especially for investigative journalism, political information is increasingly emanating from

answer

universities and nonprofit organizations.

question

_______________, by representing a wider range of political views than traditional news sources, have created a more democratic press.

answer

Online media

question

The primary news source for most Americans today is

answer

television.

question

News reported and distributed by citizens, rather than by professional journalists and for-profit news organizations, is defined as

answer

citizen journalism.

question

The power of the media to decide how the American people interpret political events and results is called

answer

framing.

question

The media frenzy over the extramarital affairs of Bill Clinton, Herman Cain, and Newt Gingrich is evidence that

answer

the media's bias is more oriented to audience appeal than to ideology.

question

_____________ refers to the power of the media to bring public attention to particular issues and problems.

answer

Agenda setting

question

What happened to the adversarial relationship between the press and the government in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks?

answer

The media openly supported the Bush administration in the immediate aftermath of the attacks but later criticized President Bush's approach to Iraq.

question

A _________ is the disclosure of confidential information to the news media.

answer

leak

question

One of the negative consequences of media concentration may be a

answer

growing distrust of the press.

question

Why did Howard Stern move to satellite radio?

answer

It isn't regulated by the FCC.

question

In 1997, the Supreme Court ruled that the ________________ was an unconstitutional infringement of the right to freedom of speech guaranteed by the First Amendment.

answer

Communications Decency Act

question

The ____________ refers to a Federal Communications Commission's requirement for broadcasters who air programs on controversial issues to provide time for opposing views.

answer

equal time rule

question

_________________ an institution essential to democratic government.

answer

Free media are

question

Why do many news sources today tend to be more partisan than they used to be?

answer

There are so many news sources that not many can aim for a broad-based national audience.

question

Even though newspapers are not the primary news source for most Americans, why could they still be considered important?

answer

They are still influential among the political elite.

question

WikiLeaks published confidential government documents that showed that the ______________ government and press concealed news, including war crimes against civilians and the use of torture by American forces.

answer

American

question

_______________________ are two popular news aggregators that serve a large number of readers by synthesizing coverage from a variety of sources.

answer

Google News and the Huffington Post

question

____________ journalism caters to specialized interests of news consumers.

answer

Niche

question

Both Facebook and Twitter have contributed to political mobilization and information sharing by creating ________________ where groups of like-minded individuals, or individuals with shared interests, can easily share information.

answer

virtual social networks

question

The noted benefits of _______________ include a diversity of viewpoints, up to the moment information, and a depth of available information.

answer

online news

question

Social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter have

answer

accelerated the importance of digital politics by alerting readers to breaking news before the mainstream media do.

question

Universities, think tanks, nonprofit organizations, and private foundations are providing more political analyses and information as ____________________ have cut their budgets and resources.

answer

traditional news organizations

question

Online media, by representing a wider range of political views than traditional news sources, have created a

answer

more democratic press

question

It is estimated that more than ____________ of Americans have a television set.

answer

95 percent

question

Citizen journalism is a distinguishing feature of ___________ more interactive and participatory.

answer

digital media, which are

question

The Obama administration's labeling of its health care initiative Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, thus defining it as a matter of compassionate responsibility and good economic sense, is an example of

answer

framing

question

The media have a bias in favor of

answer

whoever will provide the largest audience.

question

If an idea lacks or loses media appeal, its chance of its resulting in new programs or policies is

answer

decreased.

question

According to the textbook, the media's adversarial posture toward government may

answer

decrease levels of political participation.

question

A classic example of a media leak is

answer

the "Pentagon Papers," published by the New York Times and the Washington Post.

question

Which of the following is noted by the book's authors as a reason for the recent decline in the American public's trust of the press?

answer

media concentration.

question

Howard Stern was fined millions of dollars by the FCC because of his

answer

use of obscenity and profanity on the air.

question

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was an attempt to do all of the following except

answer

tighten federal restrictions of media ownership.

question

The FCC's fairness doctrine

answer

is no longer being enforced.

question

____________ are the ultimate beneficiaries of free and active media.

answer

People

question

When the delivery of news was dominated by only three networks and a handful of national papers, it tended to be _______________ than it is today.

answer

more moderate

STUDY

AP United States History Early United States History Following The War Government Intervention In The Economy History of the Americas Two Chamber Legislature

US History Ch.6 – Flashcards 28 terms

Ruth Blanco

28 terms

Preview

US History Ch.6 – Flashcards

question

The foremost center of political radicalism during the Revolutionary Era was:

answer

Pennsylvania

question

"Throughout the new nation, states disestablished their established churches." Define "disestablished."

answer

to remove public funding for

question

Which of the following was not a course adopted by African-Americans to advance the cause of emancipation during the Revolutionary Era?

answer

assassination of proslavery public figures

question

Three months after independence was declared in 1776, which state adopted a new state constitution with only a one-house legislature?

answer

Pennsylvania

question

Who developed the state constitution that gave the governor an effective veto over laws passed by the legislature, included a two-chamber legislature and powerful judiciary, and was subsequently an important model for the U.S. Constitution?

answer

John Adams

question

The daughter of a Massachusetts farmer who disguised herself as a man and fought in the Continental army during the American Revolution was:

answer

Deborah Sampson

question

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on religion in America?

answer

a marked decline in the influence of religion in American society

question

In 1776, the slave population of the United States was:

answer

20%

question

How many slaves fled to British lines during the American Revolution?

answer

almost 100,000

question

For most free Americans in the new republic, equality meant:

answer

equal opportunity rather than equality of condition

question

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on economic thought and policy in America?

answer

the estates of wealthy landowners were appropriated by Congress and redistributed among the rural poor

question

Thomas Jefferson helped pass laws in the state of Virginia that abolished primogeniture. Define "primogeniture."

answer

passing of all of a familys land to the oldest son

question

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on the relative status of men and women in America?

answer

the elimination of legal inequality between husband and wife

question

Phillis Wheatley is celebrated in American history as:

answer

a published poet and slave

question

What famous American woman wrote to her husband that the Second Continental Congress should "remember the ladies" when they drew up a "Code of Laws"?

answer

Abigail Adams

question

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on political life in America?

answer

Patriots of all stripes united around the principle of universal suffrage, regardless of economic status

question

What percentage of non-slave Americans remained loyal to the British during the American Revolution?

answer

20 to 25 percent

question

Who wrote that he hoped to erect a "wall of separation" between church and state?

answer

Thomas Jefferson

question

Which American Indian tribe sided with the Americans against the British in the War for Independence?

answer

Oneida

question

Which of the following defines republican motherhood?

answer

training sons to be future citizens

question

The decline of indentured servitude and apprenticeship had many causes. Which of the following was not one of these causes?

answer

increased use of African slaves

question

Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776) argued:

answer

that the "invisible hand" of the free market was more effective and fair than government intervention in the economy

question

The first time in recorded human history that slavery was eradicated by legislative power of government was:

answer

in the United States when, in 1777 and 1804, every state north of Maryland took steps toward emancipation

question

The first antislavery tract in America was:

answer

The Selling of Joseph

question

Vermont state constitution bans slavery

answer

1777

question

Deborah Sampson enlists in Continental army

answer

1782

question

John Adams' Thoughts on Government

answer

1776

question

Thomas Jefferson writes Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom

answer

1779

STUDY

AP United States History Following The War Government Intervention In The Economy History of the Americas Two Chamber Legislature

Essay on chapter 6 – Flashcards 44 terms

Jill Lopez

44 terms

Preview

Essay on chapter 6 – Flashcards

question

Who wrote that he hoped to erect a "wall of separation" between church and state?

answer

Jefferson

question

For most free Americans in the new republic, equality meant

answer

equal opportunity rather than equality of condition.

question

The first antislavery tract in America was

answer

The Selling of Joseph.

question

Which Indian tribe sided with the Americans against the British in the War for Independence?

answer

Oneida

question

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on economic thought and policy in America?

answer

The estates of wealthy landowners were appropriated by Congress and redistributed among the rural poor.

question

Which of the following defines republican motherhood?

answer

training sons to be future citizens

question

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on religion in America?

answer

a marked decline in the influence of religion in American society

question

In the early 1770s, "freedom petitions" were

answer

slave petitions urging slavery's end, presented to New England courts and legislatures.

question

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on political life in America?

answer

Patriots of all stripes united around the principle of universal suffrage, regardless of economic status.

question

Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776) argued

answer

that the "invisible hand" of the free market was more effective and fair than government intervention in the economy.

question

Who, out of the following, dressed in men's clothes to fight in the American Revolution?

answer

Deborah Sampson

question

How many slaves fled to British lines during the American Revolution?

answer

almost 100,000

question

answer

John Adams

question

In 1776, the slave population of the United States was

answer

20 percent.

question

Which of the following was not a course adopted by African-Americans to advance the cause of emancipation during the revolutionary era?

answer

assassination of pro-slavery public figures

question

The daughter of a Massachusetts farmer who disguised herself as a man and fought in the Continental Army during the American Revolution was

answer

Deborah Sampson.

question

What percentage of non-slave Americans remained loyal to the British during the American Revolution?

answer

20 to 25 percent

question

Thomas Jefferson helped pass laws in the state of Virginia that abolished primogeniture. Define "primogeniture."

answer

passing of all of a family's land to the oldest son

question

Three months after independence was declared in 1776, which state adopted a new state constitution with only a one-house legislature?

answer

Pennsylvania

question

Phillis Wheatley is celebrated in American history as

answer

a published poet and slave.

question

"Throughout the new nation, states disestablished their established churches." Define "disestablished."

answer

to remove public funding for

question

The first time in recorded human history that slavery was eradicated by legislative power of government was

answer

in the United States when, between 1777 and 1804, every state north of Maryland took steps toward emancipation.

question

Which was not the case for Indians following the War for Independence?

answer

Indians were incorporated as citizens within the new republic.

question

Members of which of the following groups were not subject to arrest by the Pennsylvania government because of refusal to participate in the American Revolution?

answer

Mormons

question

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on the relative status of men and women in America?

answer

the elimination of legal inequality between husband and wife

question

The decline of indentured servitude and apprenticeship had many causes. Which of the following was not one of these causes?

answer

increased use of African slaves

question

The foremost center of political radicalism during the revolutionary era was

answer

Pennsylvania.

question

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on the issue of slavery in America?

answer

Ironically, the arrival of independence was accompanied by an expansion of slavery throughout the United States.

question

What famous American woman wrote to her husband that the Second Continental Congress should "remember the ladies" when they drew up a "Code of Laws"?

answer

Abigail Adams

question

Evangelical Christians supported the separation of church and state following the American Revolution because they wanted to protect religion from the corrupting embrace of government.

answer

question

Committed to freedom of conscience and thought, most patriots adopted a live-and-let-live attitude toward the Loyalists during the Revolutionary War.

answer

question

Except in Vermont, property ownership was not a requirement for voting in the early Republic.

answer

question

Many women who entered public debate felt the need to apologize for their forthrightness.

answer

question

The Declaration of Independence elevated the principle of equality to a central place in the American conception of freedom.

answer

question

Deists and members of evangelical sects worked together to separate church and state.

answer

question

James Otis argued that black colonists were entitled to the same civil rights as any British subject.

answer

question

The years following independence saw the emergence of free black communities, especially in the northern states.

answer

question

Some Americans employed the revolutionary language of equality on behalf of women's rights.

answer

question

Confiscated property of Loyalists was returned to them following the Treaty of Paris.

answer

question

Advertisements for runaway slaves were rare in the early republic.

answer

question

At the end of war, as many as 100,000 Loyalists were banished from the United States or emigrated voluntarily.

answer

question

Militias did much to promote the expansion of political democracy in revolutionary America.

answer

question

Indentured servitude went into rapid decline following national independence.

answer

question

Because of religious freedom an astonishing number of new religious denominations proliferated in the early republic; today more than 1,300 religions are practiced in the United States.

answer

STUDY

Benefits And Costs Government Intervention In The Economy Marginal Cost Curve Perfectly Competitive Firm Principles Of Economics: Macroeconomics Principles Of Economics: Microeconomics Production Possibilities Curve Public Economics

Economics 6,7,8,9 – Flashcards 107 terms

Ben Stevenson

107 terms

Preview

Economics 6,7,8,9 – Flashcards

question

Whenever external benefits exist:

answer

Social demand will exceed market demand.

question

If the economy relies entirely on markets to answer the WHAT question, it tends to:

answer

Overproduce private goods and underproduce public goods.

question

Payments to individuals for which no current goods or services are exchanged are known as:

answer

Income transfers.

question

Market failure occurs when:

answer

An imperfection in the market mechanism prevents an optimal outcome.

question

In economics, a public good:

answer

Allows free riders to benefit from the good.

question

Antitrust laws address:

answer

Market Power

question

Market failure implies that a policy of laissez-faire:

answer

Leads the economy to an undesirable point on the production-possibilities curve.

question

The marginal physical product of labor decreases as more labor is hired because of:

answer

The law of diminishing returns.

question

The best way for consumers to increase both the wages and the number of jobs for strawberry pickers would be to:

answer

Buy more strawberries.

question

A firm's demand for labor is downward sloping because:

answer

The marginal physical product of labor decreases as more labor is hired.

question

As a person works more, the number of additional hours that he is willing to work is determined by the trade-off between increasing:

answer

Marginal utility for leisure and decreasing marginal utility for income.

question

When a worker's MRP is difficult to measure, for example, a college professor or corporate CEO, wages can be determined by:

answer

The wages the worker would receive in his or her best alternative job.

question

An industry in which one firm can achieve economies of scale over the entire range of output is referred to as:

answer

A natural monopoly.

question

Which of the following is an example of perfect competition?

answer

Many small firms all produce the same good.

question

Economic profits disappear when:

answer

Price falls to the level of minimum average total cost.

question

Ceteris paribus, if the cost of insecticide decreases for tomato farmers, in order to maximize profits tomato farmers should:

answer

Increase output.

question

The difference between the total cost and total revenue is:

answer

Total profit.

question

Total profit is equal to:

answer

Total revenue minus total cost.

question

In making a production decision, a business owner:

answer

Decides the short-run rate of output.

question

An industry in which a few large firms supply most or all of a product is known as:

answer

An oligopoly.

question

In which of the following industries is the firm referred to as a price taker?

answer

Perfect competition.

question

The ability and willingness to sell specific quantities of a good at alternative prices in a given period of time, ceteris paribus, defines:

answer

Supply.

question

Which of the following is most likely to have social demand greater than market demand?

answer

Health services.

question

Externalities are:

answer

The difference between social and private costs or benefits.

question

Government intervention in the economy:

answer

May result in government failure.

question

An individual is not motivated to pay for a national park because he knows that those who do not pay for it will still benefit from it. This is an example of:

answer

The free-rider dilemma.

question

A public good is:

answer

The source of the free-rider dilemma.

question

Which of the following occurs when the economy experiences inflation?

answer

Macroeconomic failure.

question

An emission charge is a:

answer

Fee imposed on polluters based on the quantity of pollution they impose on society.

question

The first antitrust act to prohibit "conspiracies in restraint of trade" was:

answer

The Sherman Act

question

In economics, a public good:

answer

Cannot be denied to consumers who do not pay.

question

Concerns about the fairness of the distribution of output focus on:

answer

Equity.

question

A private good is a good that:

answer

Can be consumed by just one person.

question

Noise generated by an airport best illustrates:

answer

An externality.

question

Which of the following is a goal of macro intervention?

answer

To foster economic growth. To get us on the production-possibilities curve (full employment). To maintain a stable price level (price stability). To increase our capacity to produce (growth).

question

The federal government's role in antitrust enforcement is justified by considerations of:

answer

Market Power

question

If external benefits occur for society when a good is consumed, then the government should:

answer

Subsidize the consumption or production of the good.

question

Whenever there is a divergence between social costs and market costs, the result is:

answer

Market Failure

question

One HEADLINE article in the text links secondhand smoke to breast cancer. Which type of market failure does the article illustrate?

answer

Negative externality.

question

A minimum wage impacts the labor market by causing

answer

An increase in the quantity of labor supplied and a decrease in the quantity of labor demanded

question

Labor supply is the willingness and ability of

answer

individuals to offer their labor services at various wage rates

question

The marginal revenue product of labor curve is the firm's

answer

labor demand curve

question

The demand curve facing a monopoly

answer

is equal to the industry demand curve

question

For a monopolist

answer

MR < P, MR < average revenue, MR declines as output increases

question

If your firm is a monopoly

answer

it may earn positive economic profit, zero economic profit, or suffer losses depending on demand conditions

question

The ________ cost of working is the amount of leisure time that must be given up in the product

answer

opportunity

question

An individual's labor-supply curve reflects

answer

the increasing opportunity cost of labor and the decreasing marginal utility of income as a person works more hours.

question

Derived demand means that

answer

-the quantity of resources purchased by a business depend son the firm's sales and output -the demand for labor depends on the demand for the product that labor is produced -the demand for as resource is derived from the demand for the final product it is used to produce

question

What is the term for the quantities of labor employers are willing and able to hire at alternative wage rates in a given time period, ceteris paribus?

answer

Demand for labor

question

Marginal revenue product is:

answer

the change in total revenue associated with one additional unit of input and the change in total revenue divided by the change in the quantity of labor

question

The ____ curve is the labor-demand curve

answer

marginal revenue product

question

A minimum wage causes a market:

answer

surplus

question

A legal minimum wage _______ the quantity of supplied labor and _____ the quantity demanded of labor

answer

increases; decreases

question

If the market price of a product increases, the marginal revenue product will

answer

shift to the right

question

The ___ wage is the highest wage an individual would earn in his or her alternative job

answer

opportunity wage

question

As the opportunity cost of job time increases, we require ____ rates of pay

answer

higher

question

Labor ____ is the willingness and ability to work specific amounts of time at alternative wage rates in a given time period, ceteris paribus

answer

supply

question

The labor ___ curve slopes ____

answer

demand; downward

question

The demand for labor is ___ the demand for the final goods and services produced by this labor

answer

derived from

question

The equilibrium wage

answer

-occurs at the intersection of the market supply and demand curves -is the only wage at which the quantity of labor supplied equals the quantity of labor demanded -is the only one that clears the market

question

In most situations, the marginal physical product ______ as more workers are added

answer

decreases

question

A minimum wage

answer

makes some workers better off and some workers worse off

question

Unions are successful at ___ wage rates

answer

increasing

question

Which of the following can alter wages and employment levels?

answer

All are true. -labor unions -legal minimum wages -changes in labor productivity

question

A monopolist maximizes profit by producing at the output for which

answer

marginal cost= marginal revenue

question

If a firm converts a previously competitive industry into a monopoly without any changes the cost curves

answer

it will reduce output and raise price to generate more profit

question

Monopolies have some undesirable characteristics; however

answer

-they may have an offsetting benefit due to their greater financial resources for conducting valuable research and development -they may have an offsetting benefit if they can achieve economies of scale resulting in reduced cost and,hence, reduced resource use

question

When a monopoly operates in a contestable market

answer

it is unable to charge a price above cost without inducing entry by a rival firm

question

If firms are earning positive economic profits

answer

-entry would tend to erode those profits in competitive industries but not monopolistic industries -barriers to entry would permit those profits to persist -both competitive firms and monopolists would still be producing where MR=MC

question

In a monopoly, marginal revenue is always _____ price

answer

less than

question

Marginal revenue is the

answer

-additional revenue from selling one more of a good -change in total revenue from a one-unit increase in the quantity sold -extra money received when another good is sold

question

Assuming equal costs, a monopolist produces ____ and charges ___ than a competitive industry

answer

less;more

question

Which of the following are example of barriers to entry? -patents -Exclusive licensing -Government -All of the above are examples

answer

-All of the above are examples

question

Which of the following is an example of a natural monopoly? -local telephone service -cable tv -public utilities -All of the above are examples

answer

-All of the above are examples

question

A monopoly consists of ___ firm(s) in an industry

answer

one

question

An industry structure with many firms each of of which has some distance brand image is called

answer

monopolistic competition

question

If P>AVC, a monopolist is experiencing a

answer

profit

question

A ______ gives a firm the exclusive right to produce or license a product

answer

patent

question

In an industry that is a monopoly, industry price _____ marginal cost at all times

answer

is greater than

question

The profit maximizing rules are applicable

answer

to any firm

question

A natural monopoly achieves ____ over the entire range of market supply

answer

economies of scale

question

To calculate profit, take total revenue ____ total cost

answer

minus

question

Two firms produce entire market supply. Ex. Coke and Pepsi

answer

Duopoly

question

In a competitive market

answer

no buyer and seller has market power

question

If price exceeds marginal costs, a perfectly competitive firm can increase profits by

answer

increasing output

question

For a competitive firm, the marginal cost curve

answer

is the short-run supply curve

question

When the competitive firm maximizes profit, the marginal cost of an additional unit of output is always equal to the

answer

price

question

Barrier to entry include

answer

-price taking -standardized products -brand loyalty

question

Which of the following market structures has the fewest barriers to entry?

answer

perfect competition

question

Which of the following is an example of perfect competition?

answer

many small firms all produce the same good

question

Marginal cost is

answer

the increase in total costs because of a one-unit increase in output

question

Market power is

answer

the ability to alter the market price of a good or service

question

When a new firm enters the market, it

answer

reduces profits of existing firms

question

Total revenue is equal to the

answer

price of the product multiplied by the quantity sold

question

The market supply curve is calculated by

answer

summing the marginal cost curves of all firms

question

Which of the following conditions always characterizes a competitive firm that is maximizing profits in the short run?

answer

price equals marginal cost

question

Which of the following is not considered a barrier to entry?

answer

equilibrium pricing

question

The goal of most business firms is to

answer

maximize total profit

question

If marginal cost exceeds price, a competitive firm can increase profit by

answer

decreasing output

question

A perfectly competitive firm is a price taker because

answer

it has no control over the selling price of its product

question

Market structure is determined by

answer

the number and relative size of firms in an industry

question

The difference between the total cost and total revenue is

answer

total profit

question

When firms exit an industry, price ____ and industry output _____

answer

increases;decreases

question

Economic profits disappear when

answer

price falls to the level of minimum average total cost

question

A market made up of a few firms that work together to set a high price is called

answer

an oligopoly

question

A minimum wage tends to create a market

answer

surplus

question

The law of diminishing returns says that marginal physical product will ____ as more workers are added

answer

decrease

STUDY

Economics Federal Regulatory Agency Government Intervention In The Economy History of the Americas Principles Of Economics: Macroeconomics State And Local Governments

Macroeconomics: Policy and Its Effects (unit test) – Flashcards 10 terms

Alice Rees

10 terms

Preview

Macroeconomics: Policy and Its Effects (unit test) – Flashcards

question

Many classical economists such as Adam Smith believed that government should

answer

intervene little in the economy.

question

What circumstances during the early days of industrialization led to a need for reform? Check all that apply.

answer

There was little government regulation of workplaces. A typical work shift might be twelve to sixteen hours long. Factory equipment was dangerous to operate.

question

To reduce pollution, the ----- legislates and enforces regulations that protect the air, water, and land.

answer

enviormental protection agency

question

Which federal regulatory agency would most likely bring a civil suit against a business that broke securities laws?

answer

the SEC

question

What is the job outlook for a US postal worker?

answer

The career is shrinking and will provide fewer opportunities over time.

question

Successful entrepreneurs contribute to the economy by

answer

expanding markets.

question

The EPA tries to balance protecting business interests with protecting

answer

air

question

Among the changes that labor reformers wanted after the Industrial Revolution was

answer

a ban on child factory workers.

question

Labor unions were certain to advocate for the best interests of workers because

answer

the labor unions were created by workers and made up of workers.

question

A business owner would most likely create a cooperative instead of buying a franchise because

answer

cooperatives allow all owners to share profits, while franchises are required to share profits with a parent company.

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