Exclusive Economic Zone Flashcards, test questions and answers

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What is Exclusive Economic Zone?

An Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is an area of ocean, sea, and/or airspace that is under a country’s jurisdiction. This type of zone is established to ensure the sovereign rights of a country over their resources in the marine environment. In addition to fishing and mineral extraction, EEZs are meant to protect other maritime interests such as navigation, scientific research, and conservation. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) defines EEZs as extending for up to 200 nautical miles from a nation’s coastline. The EEZ extends beyond territorial waters which typically extend for up to 12 nautical miles out. In general, within an EEZ each nation has exclusive rights over its natural resources including fish stocks and potential seabed minerals such as oil or gas reserves. They also have exclusive jurisdiction over most activities which take place in their zone including pollution control and environmental management measures. Within an EEZ each nation has exclusive legislative authority in respect of economic activities such as fishing or mining; they also have power to determine navigational routes through the EEZ; they can likewise regulate foreign vessels entering their coastal zones; they are even able to restrict military activities within their zone if they so choose. Furthermore, countries can make agreements with one another regarding border disputes or resource exploration within their respective zones this is known as transboundary cooperation agreements. Exclusive Economic Zones are increasingly important because they offer nations a means by which to protect their sovereignty over marine resources while at the same time allowing them access to those same resources for economic development purposes. Countries with large Exclusive Economic Zones benefit from increased revenue generated from exploiting these resources without having to share them with other nations this provides them with extra financial security that can be used for further development projects or social welfare programs. Moreover, it helps ensure that certain species remain protected from exploitation by other countries who may not abide by strict regulations on fishing quotas or conservation efforts thus providing long-term ecological benefits too.