Boundaries Flashcards, test questions and answers
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Boundaries
Film
Frankenstein Critical Quotes – Flashcards 15 terms
15 terms
Preview
Frankenstein Critical Quotes – Flashcards
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"The creature's desire for companionship is one of his most human qualities."
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Punter
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"The creature idealizes the domestic world, but is excluded from it."
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Punter
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"Frankenstein registers anxieties about scientific progress unaccompanied by social conscience."
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Punter
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"Frankenstein is searching after forbidden knowledge, one of those over reachers who refuse to accept limitations and are subsequently punished."
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Punter
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"The creature's narrative suggests that Frankenstein's main sin is not his act of creation, but rather his failure to take responsibility for what he produces."
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Punter
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"Frankenstein's main sin is not his act of creation, but his failure to take responsibility for what he produces."
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Punter
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"Victor Frankenstein is a typical Gothic hero/villain. Like Beckford's Varthek, he displays an innocent desire to penetrate the secrets of heaven."
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Hindel
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"Frankenstein clearly attempts to set a 'pioneering example' which will 'elevate society."
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Williams
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"The boundaries between the human and the monster in Frankenstein remain problematically blurred."
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Williams
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"Henry is a model of conjoined masculine and feminine traits."
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Johanna Smith
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"Clerval embodies, like Elizabeth, patience, clarity and self control."
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Johanna Smith
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"Henry's wild and enthusiastic imagination was chastened by the sensibility of his heart."
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Mary Shelley
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"Walton is a less developed over-reacher than Frankenstein"
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Caldwell
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"Walton's reckless ambition and desire for glory are exactly the same as Frankenstein's"
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Caldwell
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"The first part of Walton's narrative serves to foreground the cautionary note of the text"
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Caldwell
Boundaries
Earth Science
Geology
Plate Tectonics
Volcanoes
GEOL 120 Exam 1 – Flashcards 139 terms
139 terms
Preview
GEOL 120 Exam 1 – Flashcards
question
Shield Volcanoes are composed primarily of __________ lava flow
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Basalt
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Hazard
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The existence of a potentially dangerous situation or event (ex. potential landslide of a steep slope or lava flow erupting from a volcano)
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Risk
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An assessment of whether the hazard might have some social impact (ex. loss of life, damage to property, etc.)
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What is erupted by volcanoes?
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Ash, Pumice, Lava
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A composite cone would be expected to have a _________ slope than a shield volcano
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steeper
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Eruption Styles
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1. Lava flow- least explosive, magma erupts onto surface and flows away from a vent. 2. Lava fountains- medium explosive, caused from high initial gas content and less vicious lava-> the gas propels the lava and separates it into discrete pieces 3. Eruption Column- most explosive, Tephra (magma that is blown apart by volcanic gases), erupts high into the atmosphere then falls back to Earth as solidified and cooled pieces of rock 4. Pyroclastic flow- most explosive, some ash does not jet straight up but collapses down the side of the volcano as a dense, hot cloud of ash particles and gas (ash flow) - devastating because of high speed and high temp.
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Characteristics of actively erupting volcanoes:
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billowing clouds of ash rising into the air, fragments of molten rock blasting into the air, glowing orange lava flowing down hill
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Scoria Cone
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Steep-sided cone shaped hill hundreds of meters high, with a small crater at the summit; composed of cinders (scoria) and volcanic bombs - basaltic or andesitic composition
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Shield Volcano
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Broad, gently sloping conical hill or mountain with fissures along its summit; composed mainly of basaltic flow
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Composite Volcano
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Moderately steep, cone-shaped mountains thousands of meters high with a crater at the top; composed of interlayered lava flows, pyroclastics, and volcanic mudflow- mostly composed of intermediate rocks (ex. andesite) but can have felsic or mafic rocks
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Volcanic Dome
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Steep-sided dome-shaped hill hundreds of meters high; composed of felsic lava- consist solidified lava
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What kind of volcanoes produced pyroclastic flows that killed tens of thousands of people at Pompeii & St. Pierre?
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Composite
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Most composite volcanoes are found along ___________ plate boundaries
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convergent --> subduction zones (ex. Ring of Fire)
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Rocks found typically in calderas
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Top: volcanic tuff Middle: Hard, welded volcanic rock Bottom: finely crystalline granite
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Typical shape of most volcanoes is
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conical
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Hazards of Scoria Cones
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falling volcanic cinders and bombs, volcanic ash and gases
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Hazards of lava flow
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burial of roads, bulldozing and crushing of houses and other structures
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Felsic Magma
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-high gas pressure commonly lead to highly explosive eruptions - high viscosities - do not allow gas bubbles to escape --> hence build up of gas & explosions
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Formation of Crater Lake:
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1. Massive ash column eruption of a composite volcano empties the magma chamber 2. Overlying volcano collapses into the resulting void 3. Scoria cone forms in the caldera 4. Rain & snowmelt fill the caldera, producing a large and deep lake
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Characteristics of volcanic domes:
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-viscous silicic magma -often occur in clusters -rubble covered surface -steep-sided
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Basaltic Magmas
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fluid lava, flows from shield volcanoes; low viscosity
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Felsic Magmas
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explosive eruptions from composite volcanoes; high viscosity
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Rock Type associated with Volcanic Domes
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rhyolite & andesite
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Events of 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption
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order from 1st event to last: 1. Earthquake 2. Landslide 3. Lateral blast & eruption column
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Flood basalts
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represent the largest igneous eruption on Earth, with some covering tens of thousands of square kilometers
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How do we assess the danger posed by a volcano?
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Shape- steep slopes indicate high viscosity, explosive magma; gentle slopes indicate less explosive volcanoes Rock Type- chemical analysis determines magma composition and potential for explosiveness History- The sequence of layers and isotopic dating can indicate the timing and frequency of eruptions
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Ways volcanic domes are destroyed
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1. collapse of steep flanks into block and ash flow 2. internally derived explosions from trapped gas pressure
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Monitoring volcanoes/ preceeding eruptions
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- steam eruptions from the volcanic crater - increase in seismic activity - increased in gas flow from volcano - increased heat flow from the volcano
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Formation of a Caldera
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1. Magma erupts as ash column, emptying a shallow magma chamber 2. Overlying material collapses into emptied chamber in a series of fault blocks 3. Ash and other pyroclastics fill the subsiding crater 4. Small rhyolite domes form form in caldera
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Majority of transform boundaries are found ______________
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in conjunction with mid-ocean ridges
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Characteristics of continental rifting:
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-stretching of the crust causes crustal blocks to drop down - if rifting continues the continent can be split in two pieces - rifting begins with a broad uplift as magma ascends
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When divergent boundaries occur on continents the process is called:
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continental rifting
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Seamount
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a mountain beneath the ocean that never reaches the surface
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Mid-Ocean ridges
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broad symmetrical ridges that cross ocean basins
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Tools used to measure to measure plate motion:
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GPS satellites, lasers
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The Pacific Ring of Fire is formed by...
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a string of volcanos --> subduction on both sides
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Oceanic fracture zones
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cracks and steps that cross the seafloor and run mostly at right angles to mid-ocean ridges
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List the 5 oceans
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Arctic Ocean Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Southern Ocean Indian Ocean
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Island arcs
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curving island chains across the seafloor that are mainly volcanic in origin
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Oceans cover ________% of Earth's surface
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71%
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transform fault
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a fault that accommodate the horizontal movement of one tectonic plate past another
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continental collision
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when two continental masses converge
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Geological features of Earth include:
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dramatic mountains, intricate coastlines, beautiful valleys & undersea trenches
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For a plate to move, the driving force must exceed the the ________
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resisting force
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convergent boundary
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2 plates coming together
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Volcano distribution on Earth:
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- there are many volcanoes along the edge of the Pacific Ocean are associated with earthquakes - there is a large volcanic belt along the west coasts of North & South America - Volcanism occurs along mid-ocean ridges
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Along the boundary of oceanic-continental convergence...
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the oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate (because it's denser)
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Continental shelves
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when continents continue outward from shoreline under the seawater (submerged benches)
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Subduction
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the process of one plate sliding beneath another
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What type of plate movement occurs at transform faults?
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horizontal
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Tectonic plates are composed of the _______ and move around on the _________
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lithosphere; asthenosphere
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Stages of continental rifting:
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1. Ascension of magma causes uplift of the crust 2. Stretching of the crust causes crustal blocks to drop into faults, forming rifts 3. Continuation of rifting splits the continent into two; a narrow ocean forms as seafloor spreading takes place 4. Continuation of seafloor spreading increases the ocean basin as it becomes wider
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Oceanic crust forms from upwelling of magma that spreads outwards from mid-ocean ridges-
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- the oldest basalt should be farthest from the mid-ocean ridge - the thickest sediment cover should be the farthest from the mid-ocean ridge
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Tectonics is the study of __________
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the origin and arrangement of the broad structural features of Earth's surface
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Convergent boundaries
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when plates move towards eachother
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Triple Junction
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a place where three boundaries meet
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Outer Core
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The layer of Earth that behaves as a dynamo (electrical generator) --> producing the magnetic field (convection currents)
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Abyssal Plains
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relatively smooth surfaces on the ocean floor
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Plates move _______ per year
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1 to 15 cm
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Geology
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the scientific study of the Earth
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Isostasy
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the balance or equilibrium of adjacent blocks of brittle lithosphere floating on the ductile asthenosphere
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2 main types of crust on Earth;
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continental, oceanic
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Weathering
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Breaking down of rocks either mechanically or chemically
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Shield Volcanoes
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mafic eruptions- (ex. Hawaii)
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Transportation
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Moving pieces of rock by wind, ice or water
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Deposition
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Occurs when the energy of transported material decreases
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Uplift
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Upward movement of underground rocks to the surface
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Lithification
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Process of sediments turning into rocks
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Lithosphere
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the rigid portion of the Earth (crust and upper mantle)
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Outer planets from the sun outward-
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Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
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Why is geology important to everyday life
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- we rely o it for energy resources - it helps us make decisions regarding the environment - we rely on it to locate raw materials for industry
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Asthenosphere
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located beneath lithosphere
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Earth's three major concentric zones:
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Crust Mantle Core
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igneous rock
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rocks that have solidified from magma
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what kind of crust is thicker?
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continental
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Composite Volcanoes
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intermediate eruptions- anywhere where there are subduction zones - convergent boundary- most common volcano (ex. ring of fire)
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3 factors that directly shape the surface of the Earth
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1. Atmosphere & it's movement 2. Water & it's movement (Hydrosphere) 3. Impact of diverse life forms (Biosphere)
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Metamorphism involves:
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- heat - pressure - deformation
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Magma
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molten rock underground usually rich in silica & containing dissolved gases
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Composition of Layers of the Earth
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- continental crust: granite - oceanic crust: basalt - mantle: olivine - core: iron & nickle
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Twenty-eight thousand years ago the Earth was __________
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colder than it is today - continental ice sheets covered large areas of the land
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Rock Cycle
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the process in which a rock may move from one place to another or be converted into a new rock type
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Flowing Water
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most important agent in sculpting the landscape
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three terrestrial planets
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Venus, Mercury, Mars
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Glaciers
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huge flowing fields of compressed ice & snow that carry large amounts of rocks and sediment
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The decay of radioactive elements such as uranium creates ___________
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heat -in the Earth's crust
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Qualitative Data includes:
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labels, images, sketches, descriptive words
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Density Formula
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mass/volume
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Cenozoic Era
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began 65 million years ago- most recent chapter in Earth history - continues to the present
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Geologic map
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uses various colors to show the distribution of various rock types/ages, and features exposed on the land surface
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Beds
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layers within sedimentary rock
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Quantitative date may include:
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age of rock, specific temperature data, chemistry of water in stream, size measurements of sediments
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Geological time scale
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the periods and subdivisions of Earth's history arranged in proper order
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Topographic Map
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uses contour lines to indicate specific elevations and is useful for getting specific information about the shape of the land
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Satellite image
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uses measurements of different wavelengths of light reflecting from a land surface to create a computer processed image to show the distribution of different types of plants, rocks & other features
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Ga
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giga-annum billions of years before present
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Ma
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mega-annum millions of years before present
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Paleozic Era
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began with the appearance of many shelled creatures and ended with a widespread extinction event - began 542 million years ago - ended 251 million years ago
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Relative Age
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the age of a fossil, organism, rock, geologic feature, or event as defined relative to other geologic features or events
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Theory
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- a hypothesis that survives scientist scrutiny may become a theory - a theory is an explanation supported by experimental or factual evidence - theories encompass a larger body of knowledge than a hypothesis
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Butte
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a smaller, steep sided mountain that has had its edges eroded away
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Shaded Relief Map
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Simulates light and dark shading on hills and valleys
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Rate
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how much something changed divided by the time required for the change to occur
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Contour Lines
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indicate areas of equal elevation on a topographic map
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When a fracture cuts across several layers of rocks we can determine that...
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the fracture is younger than the layers it crosscuts
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Density
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the mass per unit volume of a substance
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weight
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the amount of downward force exerted by an object under the pull of gravity
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Properties of Water
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- water can dissolve materials by breaking apart ionic bonds as polar molecules attract individual ions away from each other - Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules and are responsible for the high surface tension of water - a water molecule is polar, and opposite ends of individual water molecules are attracted to anions and cations
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There are more than 4,000 known minerals most of which are ...
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uncommon to rare
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Ion
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an imbalance of protons and electrons within atoms or molecules
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Cation
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a ion with a positive charge -> more protons than electrons
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Anion
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an ion with a negative charge- more electrons than protons
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silicon-oxygen tetrahedron
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- forms major building blocks for the vast majority of Earths minerals - has one silicon atom bonded with 4 oxygen atoms - may join with other tetrahedra or cations to form different types of silicates and a wide variety of minerals
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Covalent Bonds
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When two atoms share an electron. Ex: water molecule strength: strongest mineral examples: diamond, bonds within sheets of graphite
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Ionic Bond
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forms because of the attraction of two oppositely charge ions, such as when one atom loans one or more electrons to another atom strength: moderate mineral examples: halite, fluorite
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Metallic Bond
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Electrons in a metallic bond are shared widely by many atoms; this holds the material together in a nonrigid way, which is why many metals are pliable strength: low Min. Examples: gold, copper
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Intermolecular Force
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attraction due to polarity of molecules, which are bonded combinations of atoms strength: lowest (clay, mica) mineral examples: water ice and bonds between sheets of mica, clay or graphite
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Internal Atomic Arrangement
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atoms in minerals are arranged in an ordered geometric pattern
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Mineralogists
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geologist & other scientist who study minerals
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Criterion required to be classified as mineral
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crystalline solid, naturally occurring, inorganic
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Quartz uses
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may be used for chemical components; the element silicon is used to make computer chips & is mostly derived from this mineral
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Hematite uses
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may be used for chemical components; iron is the main ingredient in steel & is mined from minerals like this
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Clay uses
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may be used for its physical properties; used to produce bricks, cement and ceramics
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Periodic Table
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- grouped elements tend to have similar chemical properties (like the two different types of metals, nonmetals, noble gases, etc.) - it begins with the lightest element and advances to higher atomic numbers and heavier elements from left to right and from top to bottom - it includes a elements atomic number and atomic symbol
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Factors that contribute to a water molecule having polarity...
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- hydrogen atoms are grouped on one side of the oxygen atom - oxygen more strongly attracts electrons than hydrogen does - electrons spend more time around the oxygen atom and give the molecule a negative side and two positive ends on the other side
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Silica
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A compound containing only silicon and oxygen in a ration of 1:2 (SiO2)
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Silicon
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the 14th element of the Periodic Table; term may also be used to describe synthetic material used to make computer chip (or fake titties)
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Silicone
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A synthetic material (often used for grease or caulk) in which carbon is bonded to silicon atoms to keep the material in long chains
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Clastic
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forms in low-temperature environments; at or near Earth's surface
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Crystalline
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Forms in high-temperature environments; minerals are interlocking
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Igneous Rocks
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intrusive
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Geothermal Gradient
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the temperature increase with depth
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Pluton
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solidified magma chamber
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Dike
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a sheetlike intrusion that cuts across layers in a hot rock
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Sill
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an intrusion that is parallel to the layers in the host rock
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Laccolith
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an intrusion that can eventually form a dome
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Pegmatic texture
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forms deep within Earth in the presence of water
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Vesicular texture
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near Earth's surface - as gas bubbles go through the lava
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Porphyritic texture
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first deep within the earth then later near the surface
Boundaries
Cultures
History And Culture
New Technologies
Political Geography
Social Studies
United States And Mexico
Politics and Economics – Flashcards 121 terms
121 terms
Preview
Politics and Economics – Flashcards
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BOUNDARIES AND TERRITORY
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BOUNDARIES AND TERRITORY
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When people are united by common history and culture, they belong to a __________. A. state B. nation C. territory D. boundary
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B. nation
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Political issues that may lead to the creation of political boundaries include __________. A. shifts of riverbeds B. extreme climate changes C. conflicts between two neighboring groups D. trade agreements between existing countries
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C. conflicts between two neighboring groups
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Sovereignty usually only applies to __________. A. states B. nations C. territories D. democratic countries
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A. states
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After the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory, America's western boundary shifted to the __________, which is a(n) __________ boundary. A. Mississippi River . . . visible B. Mississippi River . . . political C. Rocky Mountains . . . physical D. Rocky Mountains . . . imaginary
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C. Rocky Mountains . . . physical
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Which of the following is the best example of an invention that has been used to overcome physical features? A. ships B. fences C. microwaves D. gaming systems
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A. ships
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In the 1800s, the boundaries between the United States and Mexico changed drastically because of __________. A. a revolution in America B. changes in technology C. a war between the two countries D. the collapse of the Mexican government
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C. a war between the two countries
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The boundaries of the former Soviet Union changed in the 1990s, when 15 new countries were created after __________. A. the government collapsed B. the Soviet Union fought a war against Germany C. the population grew faster than was expected D. the country bought land from the United States, doubling its size
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A. the government collapsed
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The American Revolution is an example of how political boundaries can __________. A. disappear B. stay the same C. change slightly D. change drastically
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D. change drastically
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One example of a recent technological advancement that is helping people to overcome a physical boundary is __________. A. a tunnel for a high speed train underneath the Alps B. a bridge for a high speed train crossing over the Nile River C. a luxury cruise ship that travels from Mexico to Japan D. a steam-powered train that travels across the Rocky Mountains
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A. a tunnel for a high speed train underneath the Alps
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The citizen was told that if he crossed the boundary into the other king's territory, he would be arrested. The underlined word in the sentence above can best be defined as a __________. A. high mountain that is challenging to cross B. group of soldiers hired to protect the king when he travels C. line that surrounds territory controlled by a person in power D. large structure in the middle of a kingdom used to hold armor
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C. line that surrounds territory controlled by a person in power
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POLITICAL SYSTEMS
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POLITICAL SYSTEMS
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Which of the following descriptions characterizes a unitary system of government? A. the belief that the only efficient government is one with limited power B. the belief that a strong central government best serves the needs of the people C. a system where local governments control the powers of the central government D. a system where local governments share their powers with a strong central power
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B. the belief that a strong central government best serves the needs of the people
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Both the confederate and federal government systems have been used in __________. A. the United Kingdom B. the United States C. north Korea D. Iran
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B. the United States
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Which of the following government systems most resembles that of the United States? A. South Africa B. France C. India D. China
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C. India
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Which modern nation is one of the few remaining examples of an oligarchy? A. India B. Burma (Myanmar) C. France D. England
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B. Burma (Myanmar)
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In a theocracy, the leader of a nation is only a representative of a deity.
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False
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Which of the following statements describes a primary difference between democratic and communist governments? A. Only democratic governments distribute land to citizens and make decisions about the economy. B. Only democratic governments have complete control of both the economic and political systems. C. Only communist governments have complete control of both the economic and political systems. D. Only communist governments use popular elections to determine who serves as a government official.
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C. Only communist governments have complete control of both the economic and political systems.
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Government can best be described as __________. A. a form or system of rule B. a national banking system C. the basic unit of currency used by the European Union D. the ability to deal with situations and issues without provoking hostility
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A. a form or system of rule
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In the fictional country of Wachoviak, there is one leader who holds all of the power. He took power by force, not by popular election, but he controls all government officials and makes every major decision. He also uses torture against those who oppose his power. What form of government system is Wachoviak using? A. an oligarchy B. a democracy C. a dictatorship D. a theocracy
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C. a dictatorship
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The United Kingdom currently uses a __________ as their form of government. A. royal theocracy B. wealthy aristocracy C. traditional monarchy D. constitutional monarchy
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D. constitutional monarchy
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All of the following are stated missions of the World Health Organization except __________. A. distributing vaccines and medicines B. monitoring outbreaks of infectious diseases C. providing peacekeeping troops in countries with famines D. promoting healthy living, diet, and access to clean drinking water
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C. providing peacekeeping troops in countries with famines
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ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
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ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
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An example of a mixed economy leaning toward a command market is __________. A. North Korea B. South Africa C. Canada D. France
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A. North Korea
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One of the most important incentives provided to both command and traditional economies is __________. A. profit B. security C. progress D. economic equality
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B. security
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Knowledge, skills, and experience are examples of __________ capital. A. hypothetical B. undesired C. physical D. human
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D. human
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Charles' family is going to his favorite amusement park on Saturday. His soccer team has a game that morning, and he is supposed to be one of the starters. If Charles chooses to go to the game, he gives up the chance to go to the amusement park. Not going to the amusement park with his family is the __________ of going to the game. A. benefit B. incentive C. punishment D. opportunity cost
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D. opportunity cost
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According to the article "A Matter of Choice," an incentive for living near a forest could be __________, while a consequence could be the threat of __________. A. an ocean view . . . dangerous animals B. the beautiful scenery . . . wildfires C. fresh air . . . tornadoes D. seclusion . . . floods
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B. the beautiful scenery . . . wildfires
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Darice finally has everything she needs to start her pet-grooming business. This is her first business venture, and she is very excited, but a little nervous that it may fail. She opens the door and waits for customers to arrive. Darice is an example of (an) __________. A. employee B. consumer C. entrepreneur D. marketing advisor
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C. entrepreneur
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Which of the following situations is the best example of a negative consequence? A. Aaron missed the school bus because he decided to snooze after his alarm clock went off. B. Bryce was a starter in Friday night's game because he chose to practice hard after school every day. C. Becky had extra energy to help her mom with dinner because she chose to jump rope for a half hour. D. Trisha was spared a lecture on personal responsibility because she decided to clean her room without being asked.
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A. Aaron missed the school bus because he decided to snooze after his alarm clock went off.
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What is the main incentive for using a traditional economy? A. profit B. stability C. progress D. economic equality
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B. stability
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What is the main incentive for using a command economy? A. profit B. stability C. progress D. economic equality
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D. economic equality
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Labor is best defined as __________. A. volunteer work B. a finished good from a factory C. work for which people get paid D. the buildings, machines, and tools used to get a job done
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C. work for which people get paid
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ECONOMIC INDICATORS
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ECONOMIC INDICATORS
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What is gross domestic product? A. The total dollar value of a country's goods divided by the country's population. B. The level of comfort the average person in a country can reasonably afford. C. The measure of a country's economic health, social conditions, and standard of living. D. The total dollar value of all the final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given year.
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D. The total dollar value of all the final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given year.
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What determines in which economic sector a job belongs? A how much the job pays B. how many people have the job C. how much people in the job produce D. how closely the job is connected to natural resources
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D. how closely the job is connected to natural resources
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Andy is the captain of a fishing boat. In which economic sector does he work? A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary
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A. primary
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In 1900, 40% of the US labor force worked in agriculture. A hundred years later, in 2000, only 2% worked in agriculture. What is an important reason for this change? A. There was not enough good farmland left. B. Congress passed a law restricting the number of farmers there can be. C. Improved technology meant that the country needed fewer farmers to meet its needs. D. Large numbers of farmers left the US for countries where they were needed.
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C. Improved technology meant that the country needed fewer farmers to meet its needs.
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Let's say the average GDP per capita for the world's countries is $10,500. The GDP per capita of Country B is $10,000. The majority of the workforce is in tertiary-sector jobs. What is most likely about Country B's economic development? A. Country B has a developed economy. B. Country B has a developing economy. C. Country B has a least-developed economy. D. We can tell nothing about the economic development of Country B.
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A. Country B has a developed economy.
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Economic sectors are determined based on what criteria? A. How important a job is to human survival. B. How closely a job is related to natural resources. C. How important a job is to a country's GDP. D. How closely a job is related to the center of a city.
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B. How closely a job is related to natural resources.
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Least-developed economies are dominated by jobs in the __________ sector. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary
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A. primary
question
Joey decided it was time to go to college because all of the jobs he used to have on the farm were being mechanized. The word underlined in the sentence above is best defined as __________. A. used to increase human capabilities or make people's lives easier B. changed to allow only people with college educations to participate C. downsized and sent overseas D. conducted by machines
answer
D. conducted by machines
question
Which continent has the greatest number of least-developed countries? A. Asia B. Africa C. Europe D. South America
answer
B. Africa
question
Jobs that turn raw materials or resources into usable finished products are part of the __________ sector. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary
answer
B. secondary
question
GLOBAL ECONOMY
answer
GLOBAL ECONOMY
question
Who elevated Coca-Cola to a national brand? A. Earnest Woodruff B. Asa Candler C. Robert Woodruff D. John Pemberton
answer
B. Asa Candler
question
Which of the following is a cost associated with free trade? A. It will increase the availability of diverse products. B. It will increase global trade. C. Companies may move production to other countries. D. Consumers will pay lower prices.
answer
C. Companies may move production to other countries.
question
What a nation specializes in producing has much to do with its resources.
answer
True
question
Which of the following is a benefit of free trade? A. It reduces employment in many fields. B. It makes more diverse products available. C. It causes industries to decline. D. It makes countries dependent on foreign powers.
answer
B. It makes more diverse products available.
question
Countries create quotas and tariffs to increase the volume of trade with their neighbors.
answer
False
question
What causes exchange rates to change? A. The World Bank sets the rates each day. B. The Chinese government sets worldwide exchange rates. C. The rates change when nations decide to use a bartering system. D. The rates change based on the supply of and demand for different currencies.
answer
D. The rates change based on the supply of and demand for different currencies.
question
Which of the following phrases defines the word "export"? A. to send a product to another country to sell B. to purchase a product from another country C. to place taxes on goods purchased from other countries D. to limit how much of a good can come from other countries
answer
A. to send a product to another country to sell
question
What is a country's currency? A. its government's savings bonds B. reports on its imports and exports C. the coins and paper money it issues D. the daily ups and downs of its stock market
answer
C. the coins and paper money it issues
question
To narrow one's focus in order to become an expert at producing a particular good or service is to __________. A. specialize B. expand C. enlarge D. contract
answer
A. specialize
question
Which of the following phrases defines the word "import"? A. to limit how much of a product can come from another country B. to send a product to another country to sell C. to purchase a product from another country D. to tax a product from another country
answer
C. to purchase a product from another country
question
WESTERNIZATION AND COMMODITIZATION
answer
WESTERNIZATION AND COMMODITIZATION
question
Which four principles does the United Nations Global Compact for multinational corporations address? A. the distribution of power, tariffs, trade barriers, and negotiation B. human rights, labor standards, the environment, and anti-corruption C. sanctions, compensation, the environment, and human rights D. tariffs, trade standards, the environment, and compensation
answer
B. human rights, labor standards, the environment, and anti-corruption
question
Which of the following professions is most similar to an MNC? A. a classroom teacher who informs students of new information B. a manager of a local business that provides goods and services to the immediate community C. a traveling salesperson with business offices in different cities and countries D. a homemaker who organizes the home for his/her family
answer
C. a traveling salesperson with business offices in different cities and countries
question
What role do teenagers play in the westernization of the world? A. Teens are one of the biggest groups of consumers. B. Teens seek an education to further their opportunities. C. Teens use sports to advance their nation's economic success. D. Teens interact with WTO officials to impact tariff and trade barriers.
answer
A. Teens are one of the biggest groups of consumers.
question
Which of the following terms is best described as "an increasingly international approach to producing, marketing, and distributing goods and services"? A. economic globalization B. world trade C. capitalism D. trade agreement
answer
A. economic globalization
question
Many products and services are available to the global society as a result of the WTO. Which of the following goods or services would not fall under WTO jurisdiction? A. cars B. oil C. bananas D. health care
answer
D. health care
question
Which of the following nations or regions does not dominate the global marketplace? A. the United States B. Japan C. South Asia D. Western Europe
answer
C. South Asia
question
Countries that are on the rise economically and growing in importance in the global economy but still have large numbers of the population living in poverty are considered __________ economies. A. core B. semi-periphery C. periphery D. external
answer
B. semi-periphery
question
Many international cultures are becoming westernized. Which of the following scenarios would best symbolize the effect of this process on indigenous cultures? A. a pot boiling on the stove B. a scale tipping heavily in one direction C. children sharing their toys D. money earning interest in a bank
answer
B. a scale tipping heavily in one direction
question
Providing financial assistance for smaller nations' economic negotiating teams and increasing the bargaining powers of these nations __________. A. is one way MNCs force smaller economies to allow international investments B. increases the influence of external economies C. is a method that core economies have used to increase their market share D. is one strategy the WTO has used to deflect criticism of its policies
answer
D. is one strategy the WTO has used to deflect criticism of its policies
question
If the United States government were to regulate its financial structures, including banks and businesses, which of the following criteria of a capitalist economy would it violate? A. Consumer interests affect capitalism. B. Prices and wages are set by supply and demand. C. Privately owned resources are used to make a profit. D. Government involvement in businesses and markets must be limited.
answer
D. Government involvement in businesses and markets must be limited
question
Mapped boundaries that often follow straight lines are referred to as __________. A. territories B. visible boundaries C. natural boundaries D. imaginary boundaries
answer
D. imaginary boundaries
question
Political boundaries can change due to peaceful agreements between nations. Using complete sentences, explain two reasons why one nation might peacefully agree to hand over part of its territory to another.
answer
Several peaceful political actions can change a country's territorial boundaries. For example, a country may need money to pay off a debt or to buy needed supplies. That country can choose to sell a portion of its land in exchange for money. A country might also change its boundaries if it exchanges territory with a neighbor. One country might make agreement with another country to give up territory after a war. After many years, that land may be returned to its original owner. Finally, a country might change its boundaries to avoid a war. A country may choose to give up a piece of land rather than to fight a war against a neighbor.
question
A territory can best be described as __________. i. A portion of land ii. A politically organized space iii. A group of people who are united by common history, culture, and beliefs A. i. only B. ii. only C. i. and iii. D. ii. and iii.
answer
A. i. only
question
Using four or more complete sentences, summarize the difference between a state and a nation.
answer
The terms "nation" and "state" are often used interchangeably; however, they are two different things. A state is a politically organized space with a defined territory, a governing body, and a unified population. A state is also sovereign, which means that its government has complete authority within its boundaries: no other state has any power or control within those boundaries. An example of a state is the United States. Though a state is similar to a nation, there are differences. The term "nation" is more conceptual, while "state" is more concrete. A nation refers a group of people who are united by a common history, culture, and beliefs. People can belong to a nation even if they do not have defined territory or a state. Many Native American tribes are examples of nations.
question
Read the information below and answer the question that follows. Josh has been living on the US border near the Rio Grande his entire life. He has been tracking one area of the river for about five years now. He has noticed that it now flows towards Mexico instead of the United States. What is Josh witnessing? A. the creation of a new nation B. the creation of a new state C. a drastic boundary change D. a small boundary change
answer
D. a small boundary change
question
Using complete sentences, describe the two types of changes that national boundaries experience on a regular basis. Provide an example of each.
answer
The two types of changes that national boundaries experience on a regular basis are small changes and drastic changes. A small change may be something as simple as a river shifting direction and moving 50 feet. This would be an example of a small change in a state's boundary. If a state experiences a drastic boundary change, it is normally due to a revolution, a war, or the collapse of a government system. Drastic changes may also take place because of the exchange of land through a purchase.
question
Using four or more complete sentences, explain why new technologies are making physical features less of a challenge when creating and changing national boundaries.
answer
New technologies make physical features less of a challenge when creating boundaries. Many new technologies have been created to overcome these barriers. For example, a mountain range was once an impassable barrier. Now we have the technology that allows us to fly over the mountain or tunnel through it. We have created heating and cooling systems that allow us to live in extreme climates, such as desert or arctic regions. We also build dams that allow us to live near water sources or store water where it is scarce. These technologies allow people to create barriers for political reasons, rather than because of physical challenges.
question
The Rio Grande is an example of a __________. A. physical boundary B. political boundary C. stateless nation D. sovereign state
answer
A. physical boundary
question
What is a boundary? Using four or more complete sentences, identify both types of boundaries and give an example of each.
answer
A boundary is a line surrounding a territory that is controlled by a person or group in power. Boundaries can be visible or imaginary. There are two types of boundaries: physical and political. A physical boundary is created by natural or physical features. For example, the Himalayas create a natural boundary between India and Tibet. A political boundary is one that is formed between groups of people for political reasons, e.g. conflicts or peaceful agreements between neighboring groups.
question
The ability to dam water and the use of improved transportation are examples of how __________. A. technology can be used to overcome physical barriers and boundaries B. technology can be used to overcome political issues C. governments can prevent the growth of countries with large populations D. governments can encourage all states to work together
answer
A. technology can be used to overcome physical barriers and boundaries
question
A portion of land can best be described as a __________. A. state B. territory C. boundary D. physical feature
answer
B. territory
question
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a state? A. Its territory is undefined. B. It has a government system. C. It has a unified population. D. It is sovereign.
answer
A. Its territory is undefined.
question
The citizen was told that if he crossed the boundary into the other king's territory, he would be arrested. The underlined word in the sentence above can best be defined as a __________. A. high mountain that is challenging to cross B. group of soldiers hired to protect the king when he travels C. line that surrounds territory controlled by a person in power D. large structure in the middle of a kingdom used to hold armor
answer
C. line that surrounds territory controlled by a person in power
question
When people are united by common history and culture, they belong to a __________. A. state B. nation C. territory D. boundary
answer
B. nation
question
After the American Revolution, life for American colonists changed because they no longer had to follow the laws of the English king. The underlined word in the sentence above can best be defined as a(n) __________. A. conflict between two nations B. peaceful negotiation between the king and his citizens C. overthrow of a governing body that causes a new group to take power or control D. state that decides to change its government structure when the system is not working effectively
answer
C. overthrow of a governing body that causes a new group to take power or control
question
Political issues that may lead to the creation of political boundaries include __________. A. shifts of riverbeds B. extreme climate changes C. conflicts between two neighboring groups D. trade agreements between existing countries
answer
C. conflicts between two neighboring groups
question
Which of the following is the best example of an invention that has been used to overcome physical features? A. ships B. fences C. microwaves D. gaming systems
answer
A. ships
question
Boundaries created between groups of people due to conflicts or peaceful agreements are __________. A. natural B. political C. physical D. suggested
answer
B. political
question
Another term for a state is a __________. A. city B. county C. country D. community
answer
C. country
question
Most Native American tribes are referred to as __________. A. territories B. countries C. nations D. states
answer
C. nations
question
All of the following are examples of the United Nations' special agencies except __________. A. the European Union B. the World Food Programme C. the World Health Organization D. the United Nations Children's Fund
answer
A. the European Union
question
In the fictional country of Alvernia, there is one central government and ten smaller local state governments. If the country of Alvernia operates using a confederate system of government, what is the best way to describe the distribution of government power? A. The state and central governments are both ruled by a dictator who holds all decision-making powers. B. The state governments determine the powers of the central government. C. The central government holds complete control over the state governments. D. The state and central governments are both ruled by citizen through the process of referendum.
answer
B. The state governments determine the powers of the central government.
question
Using four or more complete sentences, differentiate between federal and confederate systems of government.
answer
A federal system of government is a system wherein self-governing nations are united by a strong central government. Although the amount of power that local governments have varies, the goal is to have an equal distribution of powers across local and central governments. A modern example of the federal system of government is the United States. In contrast, a confederate style of government involves strong local governments and a weak central government. The confederate style of government is built around the idea that local governments can best serve the needs of the people. A modern example is Sweden.
question
Using four or more complete sentences, describe the creation, goals, and special agencies of the United Nations.
answer
The United Nations (UN) is a supranational organization whose membership includes most of the world's nations. The United Nations was created in 1945, shortly after World War II, with the outlined goals of defending human rights and maintaining peace. In order to accomplish these goals, the United Nations has formed several agencies that have particular responsibilities. For example, the World Food Programme (WFP) specializes in providing food to impoverished or famine-stricken parts of the world. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) focuses on improving the health and well-being of the world's children. Finally, the World Health Organization (WHO) works to treat curable diseases and promote healthy living worldwide.
question
What is the European Union (EU)? Explain some of the special rights afforded to EU citizens.
answer
The European Union is a supranational organization that only offers membership to certain European nations. When nations apply for membership and are accepted, several rights are afforded to them. For example, a citizen of any member country enjoys the freedom to travel to other EU nations. EU citizens are also allowed to work in any other EU nation, meaning that citizens can move freely from country to country for the purposes of acquiring work. Lastly, all EU nations use a common currency: the Euro. The EU currently has 27 member nations, a fully functioning government, a flag, and an anthem.
question
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a democratic system of government? A. elected officials B. accountability for leaders in power C. the guiding principle of "majority rules" D. unlimited authority for leaders chosen to govern
answer
D. unlimited authority for leaders chosen to govern
question
Using four or more complete sentences, contrast monarchies with dictatorships.
answer
Traditional monarchies and dictatorships have many similarities. For example, their rulers are not elected by the people, though how they gain power differs. Traditional monarchs often follow a hereditary line, while dictators often take power by force and attempt to hold power by limiting the rights of the people they rule. In both types of government, the ruler is the unquestioned leader of the country and holds unlimited power. Constitutional monarchies are different from dictatorships because they have a constitution that limits the monarch's powers. That constitution outlines the structure and the power of the government and prevents the monarch from denying citizens their rights.
question
Which of the following options shows the two systems of government adopted by the United States in chronological order? A. confederate to federal B. federal to confederate C. confederate to unitary D. unitary to federal
answer
A. confederate to federal
question
Using three or more complete sentences, describe a unitary government system.
answer
A unitary system of government is a single-unit system in which the central government has supreme power. A unitary government allows for decisions to start at the national level and then flow into local communities with the end goal being an equal distribution of power. France and South Africa are modern examples of unitary governments.
question
Read the paragraph below and answer the question that follows. The fictitious nation of Fiona has no need for state governments. The queen holds absolute power in the land. On a trip into the country, the queen noticed that many of her people were going without food. She decreed that city shelters must provide a warm meal daily for anyone who needs it. What type of government system does Fiona operate under? A. confederate B. aristocratic C. federal D. unitary
answer
D. unitary
question
Modern democracies function as republics in which elected officials make decisions for the majority of the people.
answer
True
question
Which of the following ideals are the main goals of the United Nations? i. Maintaining peace ii. Preserving human dignity iii. Promoting democracies around the world A. i. only B. i. and ii. only C. ii. and iii. only D. i., ii., and iii. only
answer
B. i. and ii. only
question
Which modern nation is one of the few remaining examples of an oligarchy? A. India B. Burma (Myanmar) C. France D. England
answer
B. Burma (Myanmar)
question
All of the following are stated missions of the World Health Organization except __________. A. distributing vaccines and medicines B. monitoring outbreaks of infectious diseases C. providing peacekeeping troops in countries with famines D. promoting healthy living, diet, and access to clean drinking water
answer
C. providing peacekeeping troops in countries with famines
question
Read the passage below and answer the question that follows. Alliyah and Zarduk Tors are tired of the unrest in their country. Over dinner one night, they discuss the possibility of leaving their country for a new nation. They agree that they like the tradition associated with a monarchy, but they would also like to live in a country where the most powerful officials are elected by the people and must adhere to a constitution. Which of the following countries would best satisfy the Tors' needs? A. the United States of America B. the United Kingdom C. Indonesia D. China
answer
B. the United Kingdom
question
The United Kingdom currently uses a __________ as their form of government. A. royal theocracy B. wealthy aristocracy C. traditional monarchy D. constitutional monarchy
answer
D. constitutional monarchy
question
Read the sentence below and answer the question that follows. Often when two counties have a problem, they try to solve their issues by first using diplomacy. The underlined word in the sentence above can best be defined as __________. A. a form or system of rule B. the ability to deal with situations and issues without provoking hostility C. an aristocracy hired to reorganize the government systems of both countries D. three or more states that have joined together to form an organization in pursuit of shared goals
answer
B. the ability to deal with situations and issues without provoking hostility
question
Both the confederate and federal government systems have been used in __________. A. the United Kingdom B. the United States C. North Korea D. Iran
answer
B. the United States
question
In which of the following scenarios would the WFP most likely play a critical role in providing relief? A. Civil unrest creates a food shortage. B. Increased temperatures cause polar ice caps to melt slowly. C. A tornado rips through several towns and causes widespread damage. D. A war-torn nation requests help from peacekeeping troops.
answer
A. Civil unrest creates a food shortage.
question
When a country is ruled by a small, wealthy group, that country is using a(n) __________ as its form of government. A. aristocracy B. democracy C. theocracy D. republic
answer
A. aristocracy
question
What is one of the major purposes of the World Trade Organization? A. to help countries establish trade barriers B. to encourage free trade among countries C. to promote understanding of other cultures D. to provide nations with a place to display their new products
answer
B. to encourage free trade among countries
question
What does a growing GDP per capita indicate about a country? A. Economic development is increasing. B. Economic development is decreasing C. The number of people in the military is increasing. D. The number of people in the military is decreasing.
answer
A. Economic development is increasing.
question
A country's gross domestic product divided by its population is called __________. A. literacy rate B. national income C. GDP per capita D. standard of living
answer
C. GDP per capita
question
How do "global teens" differ from teens of other generations as a result of commoditization? A. A global teen does not attend school. B. A Japanese teen does not have access to other cultures. C. Today's teens can go to the movies, unlike other generations of teenagers. D. Teens, whether in America or Thailand, have access to the same pop culture.
answer
D. Teens, whether in America or Thailand, have access to the same pop culture.
question
Why is it difficult to turn strong brands into commodities? A. Consumers are less likely to purchase recognized brand names, making them less likely to be targets for commoditization. B. Strong brands generally have fewer features that are valued by people interested in purchasing commodities. C. A well-established brand more easily resists commoditization because of its reputation, value, innovation, and consumer trust. D. A strong brand escapes trade barriers.
answer
C. A well-established brand more easily resists commoditization because of its reputation, value, innovation, and consumer trust.
question
The three basic economic questions include all the following except __________. A. who will use the products produced B. what goods and services to produce C. how the products will be produced D. who will produce the products
answer
D. who will produce the products
question
The idea of a __________ is more conceptual than concrete. A. state B. nation C. territory D. boundary
answer
B. nation
question
What is the term for the value of one nation's currency compared to another? A. the trade barrier B. the exchange rate C. the money exchange D. the currency difference
answer
B. the exchange rate
question
Which of the following events would definitely turn an unlimited government system into a limited government system? A. A war is fought between citizens and their leader(s). B. A civil war divides a country into two independent nations. C. A trade agreement dealing with goods that cross country borders is made between a monarch and a dictator. D. A written constitution outlining government rules is created between the people and their leader(s).
answer
D. A written constitution outlining government rules is created between the people and their leader(s).
question
Drastic boundary changes can occur for all of the following reasons except for __________. A. a shift in the way a river flows B. the collapse of a government system C. a conflict between two neighboring groups D. one country's decision to sell land to another country
answer
A. a shift in the way a river flows
question
In what type of economy does the government try to control all factors of production? A. traditional B. command C. market D. mixed
answer
B. command
question
The United States has a __________ system of government, or one in which power is distributed between the central government and local governments. A. unitary B. federal C. oligarchic D. confederate
answer
B. federal
question
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of how much a country produces. How does improved technology increase a country's GDP? A. Improved technology allows workers to take more time off. B. Improved technology sometimes means that certain jobs won't be needed anymore. C. Improved technology makes it easier to communicate with people around the world. D. Improved technology allows workers to produce more goods and services each year.
answer
D. Improved technology allows workers to produce more goods and services each year.
question
Which of the following statements about developed economies is false? A. Countries with developed economies are industrialized. B. Most people work in the primary and secondary sectors. C. Most people enjoy a high standard of living. D. GDP per capita is high compared to the countries of the world.
answer
B. Most people work in the primary and secondary sectors.
question
Jobs focused on obtaining natural resources or raw materials are part of the __________ economic sector. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary
answer
A. primary
AP Human Geography
Boundaries
Canada
Cold War
Countries
Human Geography
Natural Resources
Political Geography
Supranationalism and devolution – Flashcards 18 terms
18 terms
Preview
Supranationalism and devolution – Flashcards
question
Supranationalism definition
answer
an alliance involving 3 or more countries for their mutual benefit such as economic, cultural or political/ military.
question
Devolution definition
answer
the breakup of a country into smaller countries due to a conflict within the country
question
give 3 examples of economic type of supranationalism
answer
OPEC, NAFTA, EU
question
What type of supranationalism is OPEC?
answer
economic
question
What type of supranationalism is the EU?
answer
economic
question
What type of supranationalism is NAFTA?
answer
economic
question
What countries are involved in OPEC?
answer
Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait
question
What countries are involved in the EU?
answer
main countries are France, Germany, Italy. the most wealthy and populated is Germany
question
What countries are involved in NAFTA?
answer
Canada, Mexico, U.S.
question
What is the purpose of OPEC?
answer
to control oil prices and supplies among members
question
What is the purpose of the EU?
answer
To create a single currency, the euro, to make trade more efficient
question
What is the purpose of NAFTA?
answer
To eliminate most tariffs and other trade barriers on products and services passing between U.S., Canada, and Mexico
question
give an example of cultural type supranationalism
answer
ICO
question
What countries are involved in the ICO?
answer
Nigeria, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia
question
What is the purpose of the ICO?
answer
to protect the Islamic faith
question
Give an example of devolution that has taken place
answer
Ireland/ Great Britain
question
What type of devolution is Ireland/ Great Britain?
answer
cultural
question
What was the reason that devolution occurred between Ireland and Great Britain?
answer
Ireland was Catholic and didn't want to be under protestant rule
Boundaries
Latin
Latin 2
Oxford Latin Course Chapter 31 Vocabulary – Flashcards 15 terms
15 terms
Preview
Oxford Latin Course Chapter 31 Vocabulary – Flashcards
question
milito, militare, militavi, militatum
answer
I campaign, serve as a soldier
question
valeo, valere, valui, valitum
answer
I am strong, I am well
question
dissero, disserere, disserui, dissertum
answer
I discuss
question
expello, expellare, expuli, expulsum
answer
I drive out
question
opprimo, opprimere, opressi, oppressum
answer
I opress
question
officium, -i neuter
answer
duty
question
eques, equitis masculine
answer
horsemen
question
finis, finium masculine
answer
end, finish
question
libertas, libertatis feminine
answer
liberty
question
idem, eadem, idem
answer
the same
question
nonnuli, -ae, -a
answer
some
question
hilaris, hilare
answer
cheerful
question
immortalis, immortale
answer
immortal
question
senior, senioris
answer
older
question
vehemens, vehementis
answer
violent
Boundaries
Chapters 31-32 Vocabulary (Oxford Latin Course) – Flashcards 39 terms
39 terms
Preview
Chapters 31-32 Vocabulary (Oxford Latin Course) – Flashcards
question
mīlitō, mīlitāre, mīlitāvī, mīlitātum
answer
to campaign, serve as a soldier
question
valeō, valēre, valuī, valitum
answer
to be strong, to be well
question
disserō, disserere, disseruī, dissertum
answer
to discuss
question
expellō, expellere, expulī, expulsum
answer
to drive out
question
opprimō, opprimere, oppressī, oppressum
answer
to oppress
question
comparō, comparāre, comparāvī, comparātum
answer
to acquire, get
question
occupō, occupāre, occupāvī, occupātum
answer
to seize, occupy
question
cōgō, cōgere, coēgi, coāctum
answer
to compel
question
cōnsistō, cōnsistere, cōnstitī, cōnstitum
answer
to halt, stand still
question
dīvidō, dīvidere, dīvīdī, dīvīsum
answer
to divide
question
ēvertō, ēvertere, ēvertī, ēversum
answer
to overturn
question
corripiō, corripere, corripuī, correptum
answer
to seize, steal
question
praeficiō, praeficere, praefēcī, praefectum
answer
to put X (Accusative) in command of Y (Dative)
question
recipiō, recipere, recēpī, receptum
answer
to take back
question
mē recipiō, recipere, recēpī, receptum
answer
to take myself back, retreat
question
praesum, praeesse, praefuī + Dative
answer
to be in command of
question
officium, officiī, n.
answer
duty
question
eques, equitis, m.
answer
horseman, knight
question
equitēs, equitum, n. pl.
answer
cavalry
question
fīnis, fīnis, m.
answer
end, finish
question
fīnēs, fīnium, m. pl.
answer
boundaries, territory
question
lībertās, lībertātis, f.
answer
liberty
question
bona, bonōrum, n. pl.
answer
goods, possessions, property
question
cōpiae, copiārum, f. pl.
answer
forces
question
vīlla, vīllae, f.
answer
villa, country house
question
lēgātus, lēgātī, m.
answer
deputy, officer, envoy
question
ferrum, ferrī, n.
answer
iron, sword
question
partes, partium, f. pl.
answer
political party
question
tot (indeclinable)
answer
so many
question
adversus, adversa, adversum
answer
contrary, opposed
question
īdem, eadem, idem
answer
the same (= is, ea, id + suffix -dem)
question
nōnnūllī, nōnnūllae, nōnnūlla
answer
some
question
hilaris, hilare
answer
cheerful
question
immortālis, immortāle
answer
immortal
question
senior, seniōris
answer
older
question
vehemēns, vehementis
answer
violent
question
clam
answer
secretly
question
totiēns
answer
so often
question
atque
answer
and
