Cloward And Ohlin Extended Flashcards, test questions and answers

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What is Cloward And Ohlin Extended?

Cloward and Ohlin’s Extended Differential Association Theory is a sociological theory that suggests criminal behavior is learned through the same process as any other type of behavior. According to this theory, criminal behavior is transmitted from one person to another through differential association, which occurs when individuals associate with peers who have different values than their own.The original Differential Association Theory was proposed by Edwin Sutherland in 1947 and stated that criminal behavior was learned through an individual’s interactions with others. Cloward and Ohlin expanded upon this idea by proposing three distinct pathways for learning criminal behavior: (1) Criminal Subcultures; (2) Conflict Subculture; and (3) Retreatist Subculture. Criminal subcultures are groups of people who have a shared belief system that encourages crime or delinquency as a means of attaining goals like wealth or power. These individuals typically possess an attitude toward crime that sees it as advantageous or necessary in certain circumstances, such as stealing from those who are wealthy or powerful. Conflict subcultures occur in situations where there is unequal distribution of resources such as poverty, racism, sexism, etc., which leads to conflict between groups vying for power over limited resources. In these cases, crime may be seen as a way to even the playing field or gain control over the resources at hand. Retreatist subcultures develop when individuals are unable to achieve their goals within mainstream society due to lack of opportunity or skills needed to succeed within conventional systems like education and work. These individuals may turn to illegal activities like drug dealing in order to make money rather than relying on traditional methods of obtaining income. Overall, Cloward and Ohlin’s Extended Differential Association Theory provides an important insight into how criminal behaviors can be learned through association with deviant peers. This theory has implications for understanding how crime can spread within communities and highlights the need for prevention programs aimed at helping young people find positive outlets for their energy rather than engaging in negative activities associated with criminality.