6th Century Bce Flashcards, test questions and answers

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What is 6th Century Bce?

The 6th century BCE was a period of great change in the Mediterranean world. It marked the beginning of the end for many great ancient civilizations, including those of Mesopotamia and Egypt, as new powers rose to prominence in Greece and Persia. This period saw a number of important events, including the rise of democracy in Athens and the Persian Wars. It also saw an explosion of cultural activity, with advances made in science, philosophy, art, and literature.The 6th century BCE was an age filled with conflict. In 539 BCE Cyrus II conquered Mesopotamia and Babylon, paving the way for Persian dominance over much of the Near East until Alexander’s defeat at Gaugamela in 331 BCE. Meanwhile in Greece there were a number of wars fought between rival city-states culminating with Sparta defeating Athens at Aegospotami (405 BCE). The Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146BCE) also began during this period.In terms of culture and thought, this was one of the most vibrant periods in history. Greek philosophy flourished under thinkers such as Thales (624 – 546 BCE), Heraclitus (540 – 480 BCE) , Socrates (470 399 BC), Plato (427 – 347 BC), Aristotle (384 322BCE) , Democritus (460 – 370 BC) , Anaxagoras(500-428BCE). In mathematics Pythagoras is credited with laying down much groundwork for future developments while Hippocrates established medical principles which are still relevant today. The arts also flourished; Phidias created masterpieces such as his statue Zeus seated on his throne at Olympia while Aeschylus wrote classic plays such as The Oresteia. Overall this century marks an important transitional point from antiquity to classical antiquity where many aspects we now consider essential to our understanding Western culture first appeared or were developed further .