The law of supply and demand states that any changes in supply can directly impact price and affect demand. An excess of goods results in reduced consumer willingness to pay, while scarce supply with constant demand leads to higher prices due to limited availability.
Modifications to the law of supply and demand can occur for non-essential goods if substitutes exist or there is no actual requirement for a particular commodity. In these cases, even small price changes can have a greater impact on demand than the typical direct relationship. Thus, if customers do not consider an item necessary, a slight price fluctuation can lead to a significant decline in demand as unexpected price changes for non-essential products often result in consumer decisions not to purchase them. Addi
...tionally, substitutions are influenced by price elasticity.
When the cost of good A rises, its demand shifts depending on the substitutes that are accessible. As a case in point, consider the sale of Shampoo where when the highest-selling brand's value increases, another shampoo brand's accessibility allows customers to forgo purchasing the highest-selling Shampoo and instead they buy a different brand of shampoo. Thus, it becomes evident that the influence of price adjustments depends on the requirement for a commodity and the availability of alternatives rather than just the simple supply and demand model.
References: Davidson, Scott.
(2003) In Bantham Books' 2nd Series, a discussion on Perfect Competition and Monopolistic Competition is found on pages 103-105.
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