Paid employment Essay Example

these jobs are among the best paid in the economy.

Jobs that involve physical fitness are now less paid while the jobs that require qualifications are now in demand. . Most of the job losses have been in sub-divisions such as steel, vehicles, and other forms of heavy engineering. Manufacturing supports many overhaul sector jobs , for every factory producing machine tools there is a demand for designers, marketing and accountancy professionals, caterers, software designer’s e. t.

c. • Exports and trade: Around 60 per cent of manufacturing output is exported overseas.

The exports include a huge amount of sophisticated goods and services that generate a huge foreign income for the UK. But the trade deficit in finished and semi-finished manufactured goods has grown steadily wider over recent years.

However the UK still runs trade surpluses in areas such as petrochemicals, aerospace, alcoholic beverages, machine tools and pharmaceuticals. There are areas of manufacturing where UK manufacturing retains a comparative advantage in the global economy. The comparative advantage has been expanding since past 3 years.

• Productivity: Manufacturing has conventionally been the segment of the economy where the biggest improvements in productivity have been made which may be because of the introduction of the research and development wings in organization to improvise on the manufactured goods. And manufacturing accounts for nearly three quarters of total business sector research and development. If the research and developments would not have been there then it would be difficult for the UK to survive the recession.

• Regional economy: Manufacturing industry accounts for an anecdotal proportion of total income and output for apiece region of the

UK. In the West Midlands the North East and Wales, engineering output is a much larger share of provincial GDP than in London and the South East, the health of the manufacturing sector is therefore important for regional economic weighing scale in the UK. The internal economy of the UK is said to be stable. If one state suffers with the recession then other states has the potential to contribute and help the sufferer survive.

Manufacturing employment There has been a large form in the employment relating to the manufacturing field, this is because • The slow growth in output, sometime stagnant and sometimes fluctuates vigorously • Rising labour productivity as capital inputs have restored labour inputs • Out-sourcing different tasks to countries having low labour cost and cheap resources • Other forms of contracting out, this is said to be the root cause of decline in the UK's manufacturing capacity • Imports penetrating the market Globalization and manufacturing:

British commerce faces severe competitive threats from going international. Globalization and trade liberalization mean companies face fierce competition from goods and services produced in lower wage economies.

The UK cannot compete on low wages this is because the UK is said to be the one of the highest paid countries, a British industrialist said last year, “We do not compete on low wages nor would we want to”. The future of UK manufacturing depends on raising investment, and applying science and novelty, best put into practice and abilities to create even improved goods. 1.

Production is moving towards the East: Global manufacturing is toggling to the East, most obviously in labour concentrated manufacturing,

this applies to budding economies in Asia and also those in Eastern Europe 2. Rising supply globally: International exposure has created a mammoth supply distress for manufacturing industries in the West, in many industries it has led to organizational glut competence, weight on prices to descend and a trend turn down in the pricing power of mechanized businesses. Profit limitations have come under pressure and this affects the rate of revisit on capital investment.

Meeting a challenge for the UK was a bit difficult because the economy was not equipped to a drastic change and critics said UK’s economy would only improve artificially and not naturally. How did the UK meet Challenge? • Toggle in output towards higher value-added manufacturing which is less price and cost susceptible • Increased investment in employee skills and in research and investment and Research and Development spending as a share of GDP is too low, In the UK, just two companies, both pharmaceuticals, undertakes 25% of total Research and Development spend.

• Emphasis on raising productivity, according to a recent study by McKinsey manufacturing has ? 280 billion in capital invested; its challenge is to improve the return (profit) it gets on that investment. • Greater focus on non-price competition, including importance of novelty and design. • Increased speculation in budding manufacturing technologies, including biotechnology and nanotechnology British manufacturing trade does have an outlook, but it will be thoroughly different from what we saw in our customary industrial heartlands of years ago.

The fear that the British manufacturing sector has been allowed to decline too precipitously, and that, in the middling and long term, this will

constrain our ability to export to the international soaks, increase the wealth of the population, as fast as those countries which have retained a larger manufacturing pedestal or those countries experiencing rapid manufacturing growth and industrialization (Richard, B.

& Peter, 2003). The prospect facing British industry is worsened by the economic slow down in the world’s principal capitalist powers, the USA, Japan and Germany.

The path of their economies has shown once again that intermittent detonation and slump is a foreseeable feature of an economic system dominated by the hunt of private profit. It is not the fulfilment of human need that constrains the economy but the enthusiasm of profit. ‘Effective demand’ in the vocabulary of economists is the demand of people who have the money and the willingness to spend.

All the huge unsatisfied basic wants of human race count for nothing unless they represent a ‘market force’ expressed by the tenure of an ample income.

It is not an answer to the decline of manufacturing to urge that Britain should join the Euro. This would reduce even more the possibility of remedial action. More and more decisions affecting British industry would be made progressively more remote from answerability to the British people. TUG’s role in UK’s manufacturing decline: The TUG is the voice of Britain at work.

Our overall objectives are to raise the quality of working life and promote equality for all. They represent nearly 6. 5 million workers in 63unions. Many of our affiliates have members working in UK manufacturing industry.

The TUC, along with three of our member unions, Amicus, TGWU and GMB, are represented on the

DTI's manufacturing Forum. The TUC welcomes the opportunity to contribute to this consultation on ECGD support for foreign content.

Manufacturing in the United Kingdom (TUC and Unions): UK manufacturers have had a difficult time in recent years. High power prices, a strong pound and, most recently, higher interest rates have combined to create a climate in which many UK manufacturing companies have struggled to survive (Malcolm , 2005).

On various indicators, such as manufacturing investment or exports, the sector has neither thrived nor died, but has held steady over several years(Jonathan ; Christopher , 2001). Manufacturing productivity has risen steadily since 1999, but with regard to manufacturing employment, the situation has been very problematic. Employee jobs in manufacturing have fallen from 4,139,000 in June 1996 to 3,031,000 in September 2006. Whilst the rate of job losses is now lower, 2007 will be the year in which UK industrialized employment falls below three million, for the first time in a century.

The TUC will do all in its power to support the UK's manufacturing sector. Our greatest concern, however, is the haemorrhaging of manufacturing jobs. It is sometimes believed that globalization makes such a situation inevitable throughout Western Europe. However, figures from Eurostat show that between the second quarter of 2005 and the second quarter of 2006, Major causes of the down turn in UK’s economy are listed below.

The Decline has been notices in several patterns, the change of government and overall world recession may also be listed as a cause (J.

Mitchell & M. Weale, 2005). • Developments since the Budget confirm that the economy had used up its spare capacity

in early 1997, and revised figures show that subsequent growth through 1997 moved output further above sustainable levels than previously thought. This reinforces the need for a slowing of activity to maintain low inflation and put the economy back on-track for sustainable growth.

• The new monetary framework prepared by the government, supported by sound public finances, is designed to moderate the size of swings in output.

Last year's prompt policy tightening is heading off inflationary / deflationary pressures and only a modest further slowing is required to set a course for stable growth. • Domestic developments so far this year have been broadly in line with the Budget forecast. But looking ahead, the short-term prospect is now one of more moderate growth than previously projected by the statistics. The UK cannot be insulated from world developments, where prospects have deteriorated and the downside risks to growth and trade have increased.

• Nevertheless the economy is well placed to steer a course of stability in an unstable world environment.

The cyclical downturn is expected to be more moderate than has been seen in the UK in recent decades. The causes in the decline listed may not be the only causes to the decline in UK’s economy relating to manufacturing and industrialization. Other economic reasons and reasons related to customer behaviors may also be put into consideration (Langley , 1999). Concluding the note, UK has been a strong economy and at times of recession it was quite rare that UK was assisted by any other economy/country/

References

K.

F. Langley. 1999, Efficiency in UK manufacturing Industry. Blackwell.Jonathan ; Christopher, M. H.

2001,

Productivity Growth and Wage Inflation in UK Manufacturing. FT Business Publication J. Mitchell ; M. Weale, Uncertainty in UK manufacturing: Evidence from qualitative survey data [An article from: Economics Letters] (Digital - Feb 1, 2007) Carrington, D.

E. 1979, Exciting Downtown Odours, Harcourt, Sydney. Malcolm, S. 2005, the UK Economy. Ashgate. Richard, B.

; Peter, R. 2003, Manufacturing in the UK. John Benjamin’s. UK Carpets Market 2005 by MBD Staff (Spiral-bound - April 1, 2005) Chris, L. 2007, Making It: Manufacturing Techniques for Product Design.

Laurence King.