Lipids – Chemistry Answers – Flashcards
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| cell membranes are _____% lipids by mass |
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| 80% |
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| what are the 3 types of membrane lipids? |
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| 1. phospholipids -glycerophospolipids -sphingolipids 2. glycosphingolipids 3. cholesterol |
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| what is the most abundant lipid in cell membranes? |
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| glycerophospholipids |
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| what is glycerophospolipids composed of? |
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| -glycerol -2 fatty acids -phosphate -amino alcohol |
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| in glycerophospolipids the amino alcohol is attached through _____ |
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| phosphate ester |
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| what are the 3 possible amino acids that could be part of glycerophospolipids? |
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| choline serine ethanolamine |
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| glycerophospolipids lecithins contain? |
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| choline |
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| glycerophospolipids cephalins contain? |
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| ethanolamine or serine |
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| where is lecithins found? |
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| in egg yolks, wheat germ, yeast |
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| what is lecithins used as? |
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| emulsifier |
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| cephalins are common in what kind of tissue? |
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| nervous tissue |
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| what is sphingolipids composed of? |
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| -sphingosine (18 carbon amino dialcohol) -1 fatty acid -sometimes a phosphate/amino alcohol |
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| where is sphingolipids important? |
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| in membranes around brain & nervous tissues (myelin) |
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| what do glycosphingolipids contain? |
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| -sphingosine -fatty acid -carbohydrate |
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| glycosphingolipids are involved in? |
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| -cellular recognition -tissue immunity -receptors for hormones |
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| cerebrosides have carb that is ____ or ____ |
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| glucose or galactose |
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| accounts for 7% of dry mass of brain |
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| cerehrosides |
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| ganglisodes are carb that have _____ |
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| 2 or more saccharide units |
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| where is ganglisodes common? |
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| neurons |
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| a fused structure of 4 rings |
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| steroid nucleus |
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| what is the most abundant steroid in the body? |
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| cholesterol |
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| where is cholesterol found? |
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| cell membrane |
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| cholesterol is a starting material for? |
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| bile salts vitamin D steroid hormones |
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| cholesterol is found only in ____ |
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| animals |
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| cell membranes separate _____ from _____ |
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| cellular contents from the external environment |
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| regulate flow in and out of cell |
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| cell membrane |
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| what is the phosopholipid bilayer? |
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| -polar heads on surfaces -nonpolar tails in the center |
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| cell membranes also contain |
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| protein carbohydrate cholesterol |
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| what makes cell membrane fluid-like rather than rigid? |
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| unsaturated fatty acids |
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| the two proteins of fluid mosaic model are? |
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| peripheral(on surface) integral(pass completely through) |
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| particles move from a higher to a lower concentration |
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| diffusion(passive transport) |
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| particles diffuse through "tunnels" created by integral proteins |
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| facilitated transport |
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| ions move against a concentration gradient so that means its going from low to high concentration |
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| active transport |
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| active transport requires? |
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| energy |
