HR Exam 3 – Flashcards

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Emotional competence includes two major dimensions, personal competence and ____________ a) character b) intellectual capacity c) temperament d) social competence
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social competence
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Leadership training that emphasizes rational or logical business processes can cause __________ a) increase emotional intelligence b) failure to understand the importance of emotions in the workplace c) negative emotions d) lower employee turnover
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failure to understand the importance of emotions in the workplace
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It is important to manage your anger. You can do this in a number of ways, including a) giving a quick and full expression of your anger so it does not rise to dangerous levels b) expressing your anger physically so it will dissipate the intensity of the feeling c) delaying the expression of anger as long as possible d) becoming conscious of specific triggers of your anger
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becoming conscious of specific triggers of your anger
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Juan has difficulty at work because he frequently suppresses his emotions. An alternative to inappropriate suppression and expression is a) to allow himself to feel the emotion then let it go b) to tell many of his coworkers how he feels c) to assign responsibility for his emotions to external causes d) to frequently cry
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to allow himself to feel the emotion then let it go
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The emotional style that tends to cause coworkers to lose respect and confidence in you is that of __________ emotions a) capitulating to b) overexpressing c) accommodating d) suppressing
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overexpressing
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Organizations often find success when they follow the motto "it's not personal, it's just business." a) true b) false
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false
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Our temperatment, which is relatively fixed from a very early age, is simply our early predisposition to the way we display our emotions a) true b) false
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true
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According to Transactional Analysis, forgotten memories cannot influence decision making a) true b) false
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false
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In the Sedona method you can make positive changes in your life by "letting go" a) true b) false
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true
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It is important for your physical health to cultivate positive mental states like kindness and compassion a) true b) false
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true
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Energy can be defined as a) the power of positive feedback b) the expression of positive thoughts and feelings c) incentive programs in the workplace d) the force that helps us do things with vitality and intensity
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the force that helps us do things with vitality and intensity
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In order to create a healthier, more vibrant life a) Always practice courtesy so others will be courteous too b) give feedback c) try to experience three positive thoughts for every negative one d) be fit
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try to experience three positive thoughts for every negative one
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Kelly has a meeting with Mark. When she arrives, Mark is on the phone. Mark tells the caller that his meeting appointment has arrived and he will return the phone call later. This is an examply of a) dialogue b) positive energy c) courtesy d) praise
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courtesy
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Positive reinforcement is based on two facts about human nature: people appreciate recognition and they a) want to know how well they are doing b) prefer money or tangible rewards over verbal feedback c) want verbal, not physical, strokes of job well done d) prefer to be left in the dark rather than receive negative feedback
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want to know how well they are doing
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Some incentive plans do not achieve positive reinforcement results because a) They do not use monetary rewards b) The incentives are too customized to individual wants and needs c) What they reward may foster unethical behavior or unproductive competition d) They result in overmotivation and over production to the point that people have to be laid off
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what they reward may foster unethical behavior or unproductive competition
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In an effort to be happy, there is very little you can do to change because of the way you were raised a) true b) false
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false
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B.F. Skinner maintained that a living organism will tend to repeat a particular behavior if that behavior is accompanied by a reinforcer a) true b) false
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true
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Research has shown that happiness on the job can, but does not usually, transmit into our personal lives a) true b) false
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false
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Praise that is given after a considerable amount of time has passed the positive behavior is just as reinforcing and powerful as praise given immediately a) true b) false
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false
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Positive reinforcement is less effective between peers or from subordinates to managers than from managers to subordinates a) true b) false
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false
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According to psychologists, the "primacy effect" a) refers to the person who is dominant in the relationship b) establishes the initial mental framework within which another person is viewed c) is ignored when contradicted by later information d) is the dynamic blend of character, strength, poise, self-control and style
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establishes the initial mental framework within which another person is viewed
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When it comes to making a good impression in a work setting a) it does not apply to an initial contact since both people are meeting for an expressed purpose b) you have a 5-10 minute grace period before people form their impression of you c) your handshake and facial expression dominate all other elements of your appearance d) you have only seconds in which a person will accepts or reject an employee or a firm
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your handshake and facial expression dominate all other elements of your appearance
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According to the authors, which is not one of the 12 major factors that form your image? a) self-esteem b) handshake c) traditions d) dress and grooming
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traditions
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Which of the following is an example of career apparel? a) the gray suit and white shirt of an attorney b) a receptionist in a white blouse and navy blue skirt c) an automobile technician dressed in tan pants, blue shirt and brown shoes d) all of these
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all of these
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In business, an effective speaking voice has a number of qualities to it including a) humility b) quietness c) a lower pitch d) confidence
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confidence
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In today's business world, personal impressions made during first contact are not as significant as one's knowledge and technical skills a) true b) false
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false
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Turning down your radio at work and refilling the copier paper tray after using the machine are examples of civility a) true b) false
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true
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In a handshake, a full, deep grip is likely to convey anger to the other person a) true b) false
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false
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Speaking rapidly in the workplace is appreciated because it conveys to your coworkers and supervisors that you are high energy and efficient a) true b) false
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false
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If you aspire to be promoted, it is important that you still dress according to the standards of your current position a) true b) false
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false
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Without _________ it is impossible to build a trusting relationship with the people you lead a) charisma b) strength c) intelligence d) character
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character
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Teams composed of part time employees are more prone to experience team dysfunction due to a) inattention to detail b) lack of skill c) lower organizational commitment d) task-related factors
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lower organizational commitment
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According to McGregor, an effective work team is characterized by a) an avoidance of disagreement b) a free expression of team member's feelings as well as ideas c) participation by all members with diverse division d) a formal, highly structured atmosphere
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a free expression of team member's feelings as well as ideas
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Organizations in America are using teams because a) there is not one overall best management style b) there are so many layoffs and mergers c) leaders find it saves them money d) it is proven to be an effective strategy
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it is proven to be an effective strategy
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Leaders must often assume the role of the a) follower b) superiority c) coach d) coworker
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coach
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Behavioral research suggests that leaders are born, not made a) true b) false
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false
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Effective cross-functional teams need management to clearly state their purpose a) true b) false
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true
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A highly structured manager encourages upward communication a) true b) false
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false
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Team members of an effective team fulfill dual roles: that of team member and leader a) true b) false
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true
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Before documenting a problem with an employee's performance, a good coach must first convince the employee that an issue exists and that improvement is necessary a) true b) false
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false
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The Power of Recognition
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- one of the easiest and most powerful ways to make employees feel important and needed - for some, frequent feedback may be more important than salary - recognition can increase repetition of desired behaviors - don't miss opportunities to praise and generate positive energy
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Courtesy Can Be Contagious
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- courtesy means: being considerate of others in small ways, showing respect for what others revere, and treating everyone with consideration - courtesy can be easily overlooked
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Importance and Barriers of Positive Reinforcement
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- people want to know how they are doing - people appreciate recognition for their accomplishments - people often prefer negative feedback to no feedback at all - barriers to positive reinforcement: narcissism, misconceptions, "too busy," don't know what to say
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Incentives
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- planned activity designed to motivate employees to achieve an objective - can be cash or non cash rewards - improve quality, ensure safety, foster teamwork, reward participation in wellness programs, increase sales, decrease absenteeism, improve customer service
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Relationship Between Emotion, Thought, and Behavior
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Activating Event -> feelings, rational and irrational thinking, and behavior
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Achieving Emotional Balance
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- choices can be dictated by our cognitions (reason), emotions (feelings) or both - emotional imbalance can be due to: learned inhibition of certain emotions and overemphasis on the expression of others and fixation on a single emotion
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Factors that influence our Emotional Development
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- temperament: refers to a person's individual style of expressing needs and emotions (activity, intensity, adaptability, general disposition), primarily biologically based, affected by the environment during development
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Factors that influence our emotions
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Unconscious influences: transactional analysis - unconscious childhood memories can bring out emotions, causing us to experience emotions out of proportion to a current situation Transactional Analysis theory - the brain records both: events and feelings associated with events
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Emotional Styles
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- some develop intellectual strategies to avoid dealing directly with emotional reactions - habitually suppressing, denying, pretending emotions don't exist is unhealthy, unproductive - capitulating your emotions: people see themselves as helpless victims of feelings that they cannot control - overexpressing your emotions: frequently displays lack of emotional control (vulgar language, teary eyes, raised voice) - accommodating your emotions: people recognize, accept and experience emotion
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Coping with your Anger and Others'
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- anger is often a response to perceived injustice - learning to address anger is important - intense anger often takes the form of rage such as road rage - workplace rage can take the form of yelling, verbal abuse, and physical violence
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Effective Ways to Express Your Anger
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- avoid reacting in a manner that may seem emotionally unstable or irrational - do not blame or make accusations - express your feelings in a timely manner - be specific as you describe the factors that triggered your anger, and be clear about the resolution you are seeking
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How to Handle Others' Anger
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- recognize and accept the other person's anger - encourage the angry person to vent feelings - do not respond to an angry person with your anger - give the angry person feedback
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Violence in the Workplace
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- any act against an employee that creates a hostile work environment and negatively affects the employee, either physically or psychologically - these acts include all types of physical or verbal assaults, threats, coercion, intimidation and all forms of harassment
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Preventing Workplace Violence
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- use hiring procedures that screen out unstable persons - develop a strategy for dealing with incidents before they actually occur - if someone must be fired or laid off, do so in a way that does not demoralize the employee - provide out-placement services for laid-off or terminated employees (job search skills, retraining, counseling) - provide supervisors and managers with training that will help them prevent workplace violence and deal effectively with it
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Emotional Intelligence
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- EI contributes 80-90% of the competencies that distinguish outstanding from average leaders - EI is believed to be something that can be learned - self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management
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Professional Presence
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- dynamic blend of poise, self-confidence, control and style - empowers us to be able to command respect in any situation - permits us to project confidence that others can quickly perceive - to project this confidence, we need to feel confident
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Importance of Making a Good First Impression: Primacy Effect
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- tendency to form and retain impression quickly at the time of initial meeting - initial info tends to carry more weight than info received later - later info is either ignored or reinterpreted based on initial framework - first impression represent 100% of what they know about you at that point
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Importance of Making a Good First Impression: First few seconds, assumptions vs facts
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- we make decisions subconsciously in a split second and often our thinking is irrational - initial impressions are made up of assumptions and facts - people tend to rely more heavily on assumptions - the briefer the encounter, the greater the chance for misinformation
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The Image You Project - Surface Language and Selecting Career Apparel
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- a pattern of immediate impressions conveyed by appearance - dress for the job you want, not the one you have - special uniforms for particular jobs - project an image of consistent quality, good service and uniqueness - your clothing and accessories convey a message, be careful of what that message is
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The Image You Project - Facial Expression
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- after overall appearance, facial expressions are the most visible part of you - cues most people rely on in initial interactions - provides clues by which others read your mood and personality - quickly trigger positive or negative reaction from those you meet - being good looking is not as important as your ability to communicate positive impressions with a pleasant smile and eye contact
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The Image You Project - Entrance and Carriage
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- project self confidence with: a strong stride, friendly smile, good posture, a genuine sense of energy - nervous or apologetic entrance may ruin your chances of getting a job, closing a sale, or getting the raise you have earned
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The Image You Project - Through Voice Quality and Speech
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- voice qualities that contribute to your image: tone of voice, rate of speech (rapid speech=irritating, too slow=low energy or intelligence), volume, ability to pronounce words clearly (diction), speech habits (avoid teen speak, regional lingo, skipping consonants)
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The Image You Project - Your Handshake
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- can communicate warmth, genuine concern, strength or aloofness, indifference and weakness - degree of firmness and dryness of hands - duration of grip, depth of interlock, and eye contact during handshake
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Make Your Social Media Profile Consistent with Your Brand
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- photo should look professional - reflect the image you wish to portray, in content and design - Is this the image I want my future employer to see? - Keep current by posting regularly, commenting on news and sharing links to informative articles
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Etiquette for a Changing World
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- set of traditions based on kindness, efficiency and logic - dining etiquette (table manners) - meeting etiquette (summarize and recap responsibilities) - networking etiquette (avoid negative talk about current job, follow up with contacts) - incivility: ultimate career killer - civility: form of social generosity (refilling copier paper tray, saying please and thank you, opening doors for others)
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Common Types of Work Teams
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- Self-Managed or High Performance Teams - Cross functional teams - virtual teams
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Dysfunctions of Teams
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- absence of trust - fear of conflict - lack of commitment - avoidance of accountability - inattention to results
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Behavioral Science Principles Supporting Team Building
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Consideration - extent to which a manager's relationships with employees are characterized by: mutual trust and respect, consideration of feelings, interpersonal warmth, and two-way communication Structure - extent to which a manager is likely to direct workers toward goal attainment by: planning and scheduling, setting goals, communicating info, and evaluating performance
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Basic Leadership Styles from Ohio State Study
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- Low structure, High Consideration: leader strives to promote group harmony and social-need satisfaction - High structure, high consideration: leader strives to achieve a productive balance between getting job done and maintaining cohesive, friendly workgroup - Low structure, low consideration: leader retreats to a generally passive role of allowing the situation to take care of itself - high structure, low consideration: leader devotes primary attention to getting job done. Personal concerns are strictly secondary
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Improving Consideration Skills
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- leaders with consideration follow law of empathy (aware of needs, feelings and motivations) - practices that can improve consideration: - recognize accomplishments - provide early and frequent success - take a personal interest in each employee - establish a climate of open communication - discover individual employee values
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Improving Structure Skills
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- leaders give the group direction, establish performance standards and maintain group accountability - practices to help: = communicate your expectations = provide specific feedback often = deal with poor performance immediately = coach for peak performance
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Coaching
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-performance coaching: help return their performance to acceptable standards - development coaching: high performing people are ready to be more fully rounded - career coaching: ready to plan next career move - coaching to support learning: support, encourage, and accountability are needed to sustain recent training and turn insights into action
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Situational Leadership
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- effective leadership occurs when leader's style matches the situation - emphasizes need for flexibility - task and relationship behavior
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Employees as Leaders
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- effective leaders help team members develop leadership skills so the team's success will not ride on one person - worker bee: serves as leader when issue is hot to get the work done during crisis - corporate counselor: informally guides coworkers through stressful problems by listening and is an emotional leader - rule follower: keeps creativity from becoming irresponsible
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