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-syphilis -yaws -tuberculosis

answer

1: Which of the following diseases leave specific signs in the skeletons?

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they were subjected to a ritualistic or punitive practice

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1: Most of the prehistoric victims of cauterization were women. This suggests that

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bodies, bones and teeth

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1: Paleopathologists must use a combination of primary and secondary evidence in order to draw inferences about prehistoric patterns of disease. Primary evidence consists of

question

human populations adopted farming practices and animal husbandry

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1: Major shifts in patterns of disease occurred roughly ten thousand years ago when

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when towns and cities grew

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1: Rickets is a form of malnutrition that became common

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an ancient surgical operation practiced in many parts of the world

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1: when towns and cities grew

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the science of the diseases that can be demonstrated in human and animal remains of ancient times

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1: Paleopathology is

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-the presence of infectious diseases -the presence of parasitic worms -schistosomiasis

answer

1: What can studying the tissues of mummies reveal?

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-pregnancy -lactation -the use of teeth and jaws as tools

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1: The analysis of ancient human remains has shown that dental disorders were often worse in women because of

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-patterns of tooth wear -growth disruption -the effect of workload on the structure of bone

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1: Scanning electron microscopy is used to determine

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possibly as early as the Paleolithic Era

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1: At what stage did human beings begin to administer care that would be recognized as a form of medicine or surgery?

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healers

answer

1: Shamans are best described as

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the transition to a pattern of food production through farming and animal husbandry

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1: The Neolithic Revolution refers to

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an ancient surgical operation practiced in many parts of the world

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1: Which is the best definition of trepanation

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a guiding principle in folk medicine

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1: The doctrine of signatures refers to

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Fossilized human feces

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1: Coprolites are

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-performed vivisection on condemned criminals -tortured 600 human beings to death -conducted the first anatomical dissections of the human body

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4: The infamous Alexandrian anatomists, Herophilus and Erasistratus, were thought to have

question

a philosopher

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4: Galen believed that the best physician was

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a disturbance affecting the whole person

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4: For Hippocrates, disease was

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-air -the breath of the cosmos -a substance that when modified in the liver became the nutritive soul

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4: Galen defined pneuma as

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prognosis

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4: The primary concern of the Hippocratic doctor was

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a menial task suitable only for slaves and women

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4: The Romans regarded the practice of medicine as

question

diseases that might be fatal

answer

4: Hippocratic doctors generally avoided

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-it rejected the role of gods in causing disease -it developed a body of medical theory associated with natural philosophy -it represented a strong secular tradition of free enquiry

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4: Why was classical Greek medicine unique?

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nature itself has strong healing forces

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4: What is the most important principle in Hippocratic medicine?

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Plato's notion of a threefold division of the soul

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4: Galen's system of physiology rested on

question

-they are theoretically related to the four elements -they can be observed in the human body -they are determined by the five senses

answer

4: Which is true of the four humors?

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resulting from parents who are phlegmatic

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4: Hippocrates understood epilepsy to be

question

mild and simple remedies

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4: Hippocratic medicine preferred

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a natural process

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4: The Hippocratic physician understood disease to be

question

an Athenian woman who disguised herself as a man to study medicine

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4: Agnodice was

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at least do not harm

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4: The Hippocratic motto is

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Was determined by the fee status of the patient

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4: The doctor's fee

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-the son of Apollo -the god of medicine -trained in the secret of drugs by Chiron

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4: Asclepius was

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The human body and the environment

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4: In Hippocratic medicine, the principle of microcosm-macrocosm holds that a relationship exists between

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The dissection of other species

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4: Galen's understanding of human anatomy was based on

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Plato's notion of a threefold division of the soul

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4: Galen's system of physiology rested on

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Sanitary engineering

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4: When compared to the ancient Greeks, the Roman excelled in

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Malaria

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4: The greatest killer in all of the human history and a major factor in the decline of ancient Greek science, art and literature was

question

The liver, heart and brain

answer

4: According to Galenic physiology, the most important organ(s) in the body are

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-an acceptable practice -necessary for population control -illicit if the fetus was surgically removed

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4: The ancients viewed abortion as

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Helpful for providing insight into a patient's physiological state

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4: Hippocrates regarded dreams as

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He taught medicine for a fee

answer

4: Which of the following statements about Hippocrates is true

question

-differences between arteries and veins -differences between tendons and nerves -a detailed description of the heart

answer

4: The major discoveries of Herophilus and Erastistratus include:

question

-temple sleep -an ritual of healing -an ancient practice of seeking divine dreams of guidance

answer

4: In the temples of Asclepius, incubation refers to

question

writing a great medical treatise or 'Canon' that became the standard medical textbook in European universities

answer

5: Ibn Sina or Avicenna is best known for

question

a compendium of women's medicine which includes writings on gynecology, obstetrics, women's diseases and cosmetic

answer

5: The Trotula was

question

-rare in Europe before the fall of Rome -spread rapidly during the period of the Crusades as pilgrims returned from the Holy Land -disappeared from all of Europe by the fourteenth century

answer

5: Leprosy was

question

-the opening up of medical faculties within universities -the development of a standardized medical curriculum -medical licensing

answer

5: Which process(es) led to the establishment of medicine as a profession?

question

Hippocratic dietetic medicine was accepted so long as ultimate credit for any cures was attributed to God

answer

5: Was Hippocratic medicine accepted in medieval Europe?

question

warned Muslims to fly from the leper as if from a lion

answer

5: Islamic teachings on leprosy

question

a disease that was caused by improper sexual acts, such as intercourse with a menstruating woman

answer

5: Medical authorities viewed leprosy as

question

-was the first medieval woman to write a book on the therapeutic virtues of plants, animals and metals -relied mostly upon traditional humoral theory when suggesting treatments for diseases -recommended using a unicorn liver and lion heart to cure leprosy

answer

5: Hildegard of Bingen

question

-was introduced into Arab countries in the ninth century -was the system of medical ideas and practices widely transmitted with the Arab conquests -is a living system still studied and practiced by traditional healers

answer

5: Islamic medicine

question

Cosmas and Damian

answer

5: Who were the patron saints of physicians and pharmacists during the Middle Ages?

question

-it claimed the lives of nearly 50% of the clergy between 1347-49 -it left derelict many monasteries and churches -it resulted in the ordination of men of lower qualifications

answer

5: How did the plague impact the medieval Church?

question

-originated in central Asia and spread to Europe via the Silk Route -was mainly spread by black rats which infested the harbors of European port cities -spread more rapidly than modern bubonic plague

answer

5: The Black Death

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-the study, copying and translation of Greco-Roman medical texts -the consultation of medical manuscripts for practical purposes -the practice of hospital charity

answer

5: Monastic medicine involved

question

-the great demand for battlefield surgical expertise -the importance of Italian schools of medicine which maintained high standards of surgery and surgical technique by dissection of animals -the proliferation of technical surgical manuals which reflected a specialization of surgical knowledge

answer

5: Which factor(s) account for the changing status of surgery in the later Middle Ages?

question

none of the above

answer

5: Which is true of Arab achievements in medicine?

question

his theory of pulmonary circulation

answer

5: Ibn an-Nafis was an Egyptian physician best known for

question

-a form of religious medicine -spread through the dismemberment of the mortal remains of saints -amplified during the period of the Crusades

answer

5: The medieval cult of saints was

question

-surgery was a craft-based knowledge transmitted through apprenticeship training -surgery was generally limited to simple emergency procedures such as bloodletting -surgeons included women in their ranks

answer

5: Which factor(s) account for the separation between medicine and surgery in the earlier Middle Ages?

question

-founded in the 8th century -staffed by teams of physicians and female medical personnel -provided doctors with clinical training

answer

5: Early Islamic hospitals were

question

They are found among all the ranks of the medieval medical community - physicians, surgeons, barber-surgeons, apothecaries, leeches, and assorted empirics

answer

5: Which of the following statement(s) is true of medieval women medical practitioners?

question

-the massacre of dogs and cats -long periods of quarantine for those suspected of carrying the contagion, the closure of schools, and the prohibition of festival -games and dances

answer

5: By the fifteenth century, European cities combatted plague by adopting which of the following public health measures?

question

-care of the soul was considered to be more important than the health of the body -medicine as a branch was considered to be inferior and subordinate to theology -pestilence was attributed to divine wrath

answer

5: How did the transition from Greco-Roman culture to medieval Christianity transform the art of healing?

question

-the rebirth of the arts and sciences -intellectual transformations that took place in Europe between 1300 and 1650 -a new age that ushered in a more modern way of thinking

answer

6: The Renaissance designates

question

in universities in southern Europe having medical faculties

answer

6: Human dissection was first practiced in Europe

question

first brought to Europe by Columbus

answer

6: Syphilis was

question

they were medical innovators whose discoveries were likened to religious heresies

answer

6: Vesalian anatomists were called "Lutherans of Physic" because

question

mercurial inunction in a hot tub

answer

6: What did doctors use to treat syphilis patients in the sixteenth century?

question

-the first real advance in anatomical knowledge since the time of Galen -the first anatomical treatise based on the direct observation of the human body -dedicated to Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor

answer

6: Andreas Vesalius' Fabric of the Human Body was

question

William Harvey

answer

6: Who is largely credited with discovering the circulation of the blood in the seventeenth century?

question

studied Galen's writings extensively

answer

6: Medical humanists

question

post-mortem or autopsy

answer

6: An important medieval forerunner of anatomical dissection was

question

the printing press (moveable type) and gunpowder weapons

answer

6: What two Renaissance inventions profoundly impacted medicine?

question

-took place morning to night for three weeks at a time -were scheduled for the winter term to avoid putrefaction -displayed several bodies simultaneously so that different parts could be demonstrated

answer

6: The dissection-lectures conducted by Andreas Vesalius at the University of Padua

question

-invented a weighing chair to study 'insensible perspiration' -conducted experiments to study human metabolism -pioneered quantitative methods to extend medical knowledge

answer

6: Santorio Santorio was an experimental physiologist of the Italian Renaissance who

question

transformed ideas about the nature of the universe and the nature of man

answer

6: The Scientific Revolution

question

-it is otherwise known as 'doctor-chemistry' -it was founded upon a philosophy of nature that stressed astrological correspondences among the planets, metals, and parts of the body -it rejected the Galenic principle of curing by the use of contraries

answer

6: Which of the following statement(s) is true of alchemy?

question

-the death rate was three times the present level -life expectancy was half that of modern Europe -war, famine, and epidemic disease appeared often

answer

6: The Renaissance was a challenging time for doctors because

question

Studied Galen's writings extensively

answer

6: Medical humanists

question

-working in hospitals and battlefields to gain practical surgical knowledge -explaining the deadly effects of gunpowder wounds and the value of ligature in amputations -devising wooden legs suitable for poor amputees

answer

6: Ambroise Paré was an unlettered Parisian barber-surgeon who is best known for

question

-the first real advance in anatomical knowledge since the time of Galen -the first anatomical treaties based on the direct observation of the human body -dedicated to Charles V, the Holy Emperor

answer

6: Andreas Vesalius' Fabric of the Human Body was

question

Transfused animal blood into mentally ill patients in order to cure them

answer

6: Early blood transfusion experiments

question

-opposed the concept of humoral pathology -believed disease was caused by a derangement of chemical functions of the body -prescribed chemical substances as remedies

answer

6: Paracelsus was a Swiss doctor who

question

to study the natural history of untreated syphilis in black men

answer

6: The Tuskegee Experiment was a study initiated by the U.S. Public Health Service in the 1930s

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