Health 1000 Unit 2 Test – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) ________ is not merely an absence of disease or infirmity, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
answer
health
question
T or F: In 1900, the average life expectancy in America was half of what it is today.
answer
True
question
Infectious communicable diseases are transmitted from one person to another through a series of steps or links, called the __________________________ .
answer
chain of infection
question
T or F: Infectious communicable diseases have been replaced by chronic degenerative diseases (heart disease, cancer, and stroke) as the leading causes of death in the U.S.
answer
True
question
Keep in mind that we don't just want to live longer, we want to live ___________ longer.
answer
healthier
question
Improving wellness will probably involve _________________
answer
changing behavior
question
Health is a ______________, not something you just "get"
answer
process
question
In most cases, those who are healthy and thriving in later years set the stage for good health by making it a priority in their _______________ years.
answer
early
question
Inadequate ____________________ is one of the most commonly reported impediments to academic success.
answer
sleep
question
successful aging starts ______________
answer
now
question
With the development of _____________ and ____________ , life expectancy increased dramatically as premature deaths from infectious diseases decreased. As a result, ____________ diseases such as heart disease and cancer became leading causes of death.
answer
vaccines, antibiotics chronic
question
Healthful choices increase your ___________ life expectancy—the number of years of full health you enjoy without disability, chronic pain, or significant illness. One aspect of healthy life expectancy is _________________________________ (HRQoL), a concept that focuses on the impact of health on physical, mental, emotional, and social function. Closely related to this is ,_______________, which assesses the positive aspects of a person's life, such as positive emotions and life situations.
answer
healthy, health related quality of life, well-being
question
Achieving wellness means attaining the _______________ level of well-being for your unique limitations and strengths, emphasizing the balanced integration of mind, body, and spirit.
answer
optimal
question
Today, the words ___________ and __________ are often used interchangeably to describe the dynamic, ever-changing process of trying to achieve one's potential in each of the six interrelated dimensions of health: physical, social, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and environmental.
answer
health and wellness
question
Today, health and wellness mean taking a positive, _______ attitude toward life and living it to the fullest
answer
proactive
question
Public health experts refer to the factors that influence health as _____________________ , a term the U.S. Surgeon General defines as "the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status.
answer
determinants of health
question
List the Healthy People 2020 Determinants of Health that impact the health of individuals and communities
answer
individual behavior, biology and genetics, social factors, health services, and policymaking
question
__________ disease causing agents, are everywhere. we inhale them, we swallow them, rub them in our eyes, and are constantly in a hidden highstakes battle with them
answer
pathogens
question
Despite the constant bombardment by pathogens, our ____________ are usually adept at protecting us.
answer
immune system
question
Most infectious diseases are ________ , or caused by the interaction of several factors inside and outside the person. For an infection to occur, three key conditions known as the epidemiological triad of disease must be met. The _______ , ________, and ___________ must be conducive to overcoming the body's elaborate defense systems.
answer
multifactorial; agent, host, environment
question
To reduce your risk of infectious disease, limit exposure to pathogens, ________ regularly, get enough ________, _____ less, and optimize _______
answer
exercise, sleep, stress, eating
question
Bacteria evolve and develop ways to survive drugs that previously killed them. Some microorganisms that were easily dealt with a few decades ago are becoming " ________________" that cannot be stopped with existing medications.
answer
superbugs
question
To reduce your risk of antibiotic resistance, be responsible with ________ , use ________ soap when washing your hands, and avoid _______ treated with antibiotics.
answer
medications, regular, food
question
To gain entry into your body, pathogens much overcome _________ that prevent them from entering, mechanisms that ________ organisms, and substances that counteract the _______ that these organisms pose.
answer
barriers, weaken, threat
question
our most critical early defense system is our _______
answer
skin
question
______ is a condition of being able to resist a particular disease by counteracting the substance that produces the disease
answer
immunity
question
Any substance capable of triggering an immune response—a virus, bacterium, fungus, parasite, toxin, tissue or cell from another organism, or even chemicals from the environment—is called an .
answer
antigen
question
when a pathogen breaches initial, outer defenses, the body responds by forming _____ specific to that antigen, which are designed to destroy or weaken it
answer
antibodies
question
in cell-mediated immunity, after a successful attack on a pathogen, some attacker T and B cells are preserved as __________ enabling the body to recognize and respond quickly to subsequent attacks by the same kind of organism. Once people have survived certain infectious diseases, they will likely not develop them again
answer
memory t and b cells
question
the 4 cardinal signs of _________ are redness, swelling, pain, and heat
answer
inflammation
question
in addition to inflammation, another frequent indicator of infection is ________, which stimulates the body to produce more white blood cells and provides an environment that destroys some disease causing organisms
answer
fever
question
a _______ consists of killed or weakened versions of a disease-causing microorganism or an antigen that is similar to but less dangerous then the disease antigen. The dose given produces antibodies against future attacks without actually causing the __________ (or by causing a very minor case of it)
answer
vaccine, disease
question
T or F: vaccines are a form of natural acquired immunity
answer
false
question
an increasing number of chronic diseases are being linked to the _______ that occurs certain pathogens invade. avoiding infections and their inflammatory side effects now has the added benefit that is may help you avoid chronic diseases later
answer
inflammation
question
T or F: Although there are several known species of bacteria (and many more unknown) only just over 100 are known to cause disease in humans
answer
True
question
Patient ________ and _______ prescription practices have contributed to a generation of "super bugs" as weaker bacteria have been killed and successive generations of bacteria mutate to become resistant.
answer
misuse, improper
question
_____ quarters, such as college dorms, are prime breeding grounds for some contagious diseases
answer
close
question
______ are incapable of carrying out any life processes on their own
answer
viruses
question
some viruses have _________ (the length of time required to develop fully and cause symptoms in their hosts) that last for years, which delays diagnosis
answer
incubation periods
question
Drug treatment for viral infections is _________ because drugs powerful enough to kill viruses generally kill the hosts cells too
answer
limited
question
Colds are __________ (always present to some degree) throughout the world, with increasing prevalence in colder weather as people spend more time indoors. Otherwise healthy people carry cold viruses in their noses and throats most of the time, held in check until immune defenses are _________
answer
endemic, weakened
question
It is possible to "catch" a __________—through airborne transmission, touching skin-to-skin, or mucous membrane contact—and the hands are the greatest avenue for transmitting colds and other viruses.
answer
cold
question
once a person gets the flu, treatment is __________ -focused on relief of symptoms, rather than cure.
answer
palliative
question
T or F: The best way to avoid the flu is to get an annual vaccination (flu shot) against it.
answer
True
question
Flu shots take 2 to 3 weeks to become effective, so it's best to get shots in the ______, before the flu season begins.
answer
fall
question
Fungal diseases typically transmit via physical contact, so avoid going _____________ in public showers, hotel rooms, and other areas where fungus may be present, and use care in choosing where you go for pedicures
answer
barefoot
question
as stated in class, _______ is key when it comes to risk factors that can affect our health bc it is easier to make minor changes now than have to make major changes later
answer
Moderation?
question
Both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are _______ diseases, meaning they are prolonged, do not resolve spontaneously, and are rarely cured completely.
answer
chronic
question
The good news is that in many cases, _________ factors can be changed or modified to decrease disease risks for both CVD and cancer.
answer
lifestyle
question
CVD are diseases associated with the _________________ and _____________
answer
heart, blood vessels
question
The best defense against CVD is to reduce your risks and _________ it from developing in the first place
answer
prevent
question
At rest, the average adult heart beats ___ to ____ times per minute; a well-conditioned heart may beat only ___ to ____ ties per minute to achieve the same results
answer
70 to 80; 50 to 60
question
If your resting heart rate is routinely in the high _____ or _____, it may indicate that you are out of shape or suffering from some underlying illness
answer
80s or 90s
question
__________ measures how hard blood pushes against the walls of vessels as your heart pumps
answer
blood pressure
question
hypertension (high blood pressure) is known as the "_________________" because it has few clear symptoms
answer
silent killer
question
T or F: Normal blood pressure varies depending on age, weight, and physical condition.
answer
True
question
More and more people (over 30% of the population) are considered to be _____________ meaning that their blood pressure is above normal, but not yet in the hypertentive range.
answer
prehypertensive
question
Heart disease ranks _________ among causes of death in the United States.
answer
#1
question
______________ thickening and hardening of arteries, is a condition that underlies many cardiovascular health problems.
answer
arteriosclerosis
question
as ______________ accumulates, it adheres to the inner lining of the blood vessels. Vessel walls become narrow and may eventually _________ flow or rupture
answer
plaque, block blood
question
________________ is the leading cause of disability in people over the age of 50.
answer
peripheral artery disease (PAD)
question
Of all the major cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease (CHD) is the greatest _____________
answer
killer
question
T or F: Because of treatment delays, women are more likely to have heart damage and to die from a heart attack than are men of the same age.
answer
true
question
Although angina pectoris is not a heart attack, it is an ___________ of underlying heart disease.
answer
indicator
question
Like heart muscle, brain cells require a continuous supply of ________________ and when it is interrupted, a stroke can occur.
answer
oxygen
question
more _____________ people are having strokes than ever before, possibly due to increased obesity and hypertension.
answer
young
question
Many strokes are preceded days, weeks, or months earlier by ____________________ , brief interruptions of the blood supply to the brain that cause only temporary impairment. These often indicate an impending major stroke.
answer
transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
question
The earlier a stroke if recognized and treatment started (best results within the first ________ hours), the more effective that treatment will be.
answer
1-2
question
The acronym FAST stands for facial __________, arm ________ , _________ difficulty, and time to act and ______________ .
answer
droop, weakness, speech, call 911
question
A cluster of combined cardiometabolic risks labeled as _______________________ is believed to increase the risk for atherosclerotic heart disease by as much as three times the normal rates.
answer
syndrome x, insulin resistance syndrome, or metabolic syndrome
question
_________ you choose today and over the coming decades can actively reduce or promote your risk for CVD
answer
behaviors
question
to reduce your risk of CVD, it is recommended to avoid _________, cut back on fat and cholesterol, maintain a healthy __________, ________ regularly, manage ___________, and control diabetes and blood pressure.
answer
tobacco, weight, exercise, stress
question
T or F: The foods you eat play a major role in your CVD risk.
answer
true
question
cancer is the abnormal, _____ growth of cells, which, if left untreated can ultimately cause death
answer
uncontrolled
question
by definition, the term cancer applies only to _________ tumors
answer
malignant
question
______ cancer is the leading cause of cancer death
answer
lung
question
T or F: Smoking is the number one risk factor for lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.
answer
True
question
_____________ detection is the key to the successful treatment of breast and testicular cancer.
answer
early
question
______ cancer is the most common form of cancer in men ages 15-55
answer
testicular
question
_______ cancer is the most common cancer of all when cases of the highly curable forms are included in the count
answer
skin
question
UV radiation from the ______ is the main cause of skin cancer
answer
sun
question
anytime a mole undergoes sudden or progressive ______/_______, you should immeadiately bring it to the attnetion of ur health care provider
answer
changes/ growth
question
the ABCD's of melanoma are __________, __________, _________ and ________
answer
Asymmetry, border, color, and diameter
question
T or F: most tumors are malignant
answer
false
question
Malignant tumors are usually not enclosed in a protective capsule like benign tumors and can therefore spread to other organs. This process, known as _________________makes some forms of cancer particularly aggressive and difficult to treat.
answer
metastasis
question
_______________ of the cancer cases that occur in developed countries are related to overweight or obesity, physical inactivity, and/or poor nutrition.
answer
1/3
question
Nearly 100 percent of women with cervical cancer have evidence of ____________ —a virus believed to be a major cause of cervical cancer.
answer
HPV human papilloma virus
question
Cancers are grouped into four broad categories based on the type of tissue from which each arise. ________ occur in epithelial tissues (tissues covering body surfaces and lining most body cavities.
answer
carcinomas
question
_____________ occur in the mesodermal, or middle, layers of tissue—for example, in bones, muscles, and general connective tissue.
answer
sarcomas
question
________________ develop in the lymphatic system—the infection-fighting regions of the body
answer
lymphomas
question
____________ is cancer of the blood-forming parts of the body, particularly the bone marrow and spleen.
answer
leukemia
question
In the US, __________ cancer accounts for 1 in every 3 cancer diagnoses in women. You can reduce your risk by maintaining a healthy weight, drinking less than one alcoholic beverage daily, and exercising regularly.
answer
breast
question
There is no such thing as a "_____________" tan because a tan is visible evidence of UV-induced skin damage.
answer
safe
question
According to the American Cancer Society, tanned skin provides only about the equivalent of sun protection factor (SPF) ______sunscreen—much too weak to be considered protective.
answer
4
question
Cancer of the __________ is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in American males today, excluding skin cancer, and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men after lung cancer.
answer
prostate
question
The _________ cancer is diagnosed, the better the prospect for survival. Make a realistic assessment of your own risk factors; avoid behaviors that put you at risk; and increase healthy behaviors, such as improving your diet and exercise levels, reducing stress, and getting regular ___________
answer
earlier, checkups
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New