Exploitation of Native Americans during the Age of European Exploration Essay Example

Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.

There is another discussion in the book in which the year 1497, there was an another sailing from Bristol that was on the behalf of England; John Cabot arrived on the parts of the North American coast; while one year later the third voyage of Christopher Columbus reached the southern American coast. In this book, we also note that Spain being the sponsor of Columbus’s voyages became the first European power to establish a settlement and colonizing the largest parts of North America and the Caribbean to the southern end of South America. The book has also established that some of the effects of this exploration led to the foundation of Spanish cities as early as the year 1496 with Santo Domingo in the present day Dominican Republic.

The author of this book also presents information that other powers such as France established colonies in the Americas: within the eastern North of America, various islands of Caribbean and a little of South America coastal parts. The book further mentions that Portugal explored and colonized Brazil and tried exploiting the coasts of the present day Canada; and established the settlement of extended periods in the northwest of the River Plate. In this book we are also able to note that the period of exploration marked the start of expansion of territories for many European powers; and prior to this, Europe had been occupied by internal wars, and was at a slow rate recovering from the loss of population through this acts of exploration and exploitation of new areas, hence, this exploration had enabled European nations to grow in wealth and power.

The book provides

information where the entire Western Hemisphere in America came under the ostensible control of European powers, resulting in profound changes in its population, landscape, and the life of plants and animals. The author presents the fact where fifty million people migrated from Europe for the Americas settlement. The book further tells us that the aftermath of the year 1492 period was known as the era of the Columbian Exchange that was marked with dramatic, widespread exchange of cultures, plants, animals, human population that included slaves, ideas and disease between the Afro-Eurasia and the American hemispheres because of the Voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas.

This book presents information about the journeys of Norse to Canada and Greenland as being supported by archeological and historical evidence. The book tells us that the Norse colony in Greenland during exploitation and exploration of Americas by Europeans was established in the late tenth century, and this lasted until the mid of the fifteenth century, with parliament and court assemblies taking place at Brattahlid.

The author presents the fact that the remains of the settlement of a Norse at Newfoundland in Canada were long discovered in the year 1960, and this was dated to around the year 1000 having a carbon dating estimate of 990-1050 CE. The book tells us that the L’Anse aux Meadows remains to be the only site broadly permitted as evidence of the pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact that existed. This site due to the exploration and exploitation that occurred was named a World Heritage site by the UNESCO in the year 1978. The book points out that this site is notable for its possible linkages with the attempted

Vinland colony that was established by Leif Erikson during the same period or more widely with the west Norse exploitation of the Americas.

This book presents early exploration and exploitation which were made by the Portuguese and the Spanish following their own re-conquest of Iberia in the year 1492. The author further says as a result of the exploitation, in the year 1494 the pope ratified the Treaty of Tordesillas where these two kingdoms divided the whole non-Europe world into two main parts of exploitation and exploration, having a north to south boundary that divides through the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern section of the present day country of Brazil. The book further provides evidence basing on this treaty and on the early Spanish claims by an explorer by the name Vasco Nunez de Balboa, who discovered the Pacific Ocean in the year 1513, the Spanish European powers were able to conquer a wide range of territories in Central, South, and North America.

The book further notes that Hernan Cortes a Spanish conquistador took control of the Francisco Pizarro and the Aztec Kingdom and conquered the Empire of Empire. As an outcome, the author says, by the mid of the sixteenth century, the Crown of the Spanish power had taken complete control of the western of South America, North America, and Central America, in addition to its earlier territories of Caribbean. Over the same timeframe of exploration and exploitation, the author says that Portugal claimed lands within Canada and exploited much of eastern parts of South America, naming it as Brazil and Santa Cruz.

The author presents other European powers that soon disputed the terms that were contained

in the Treaty of Tordesillas during the time of the exploration. The author mentions that France and England attempted to establish colonies within the Americas in the sixteenth century, but this did not succeed. France and England were successful in establishing colonies that were permanent in the century that followed, along with the Republic of Dutch. The book further points out that some of these colonies were located on the islands of the Caribbean, that had often already been exploited by the Spanish or depopulated by disease while others were located in the eastern of North America, that had not initially colonized by Spain in the north of Florida.

The author further presents that as in the Peninsula of Iberia, the inhabitants of Hispaniola origin were provided with new land-masters, while the religious orders dealt with the local administration. The author also notes that in a progressive way, the encomia system provided tribute accessibility for indigenous taxation and labor to European settlers was set in place within the regions of the Native-Americas.

The author provides a summarized presentation that the sum of the slave trade during the age of exploration to the Caribbean, Mexico, and Brazil and to the U.S is estimated to have involved twelve million Native Americans and Africans. The author describes that many of these slaves were taken to sugar colonies in parts of Brazil and to the Caribbean, where life expectancy became short, and the number of slaves had to be continuously replenished. The book also talks of life expectancy in the U.S being much higher because of the existence of better food, lighter workloads, less disease and better medical care; so this

numbers increased faster by a high number of births over deaths reaching four million by the 1860 population census. With the existence of exploration and exploitation, the author says from the period of 1770 to 1860, the natural growth rate of North American slaves was becoming more greater than for the population of any country in Europe, and was closely twice as that of England.

In conclusion is that, the related exhibitions of the various authors discussed above on exploitation of Native Americans by Europeans during the age of exploration, explores the international origins of the societies of Canada, Brazil and the U.S. What I have learned from my assumption is that the authors present the information in the best possible ways that can be understood by their audience who are the readers. The explanations they give on the topics that they are also discussing expounds on the ideas that are contained in the information that they are trying to pass across. I have also learned as an author you should always try to present the information you are talking about in a more clear way so that it can be easily understood. The clear presentation of information on the topics that are discussed fosters a vast array of knowledge that the authors have which they impact on the readers.

Works Cited

• Allen, John Logan. North American Exploration. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. Print. P.27.
• Axel Kristinsson., Expansions. Reykjavik: Reykjavi?kurAkademi?an, 2010. Print. P.216.
• Magnusson, Magnus and Hermann Pa?lsson. The Vinland Sagas. London: Penguin Books, 1965. Print. P.28.
• McManamon, Francis P et al. Archaeology In America. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2009. Print. P.82-93.
• Price, T. Douglas. Ancient Scandinavia. Print. P.321.
• Segal,
  

Ronald. The Black Diaspora. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1995. Print. P.368.