Exam 4 Chemistry Review/Study Questions Part 8 – Flashcards
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| Acetaminophen OD - Samples should be drawn how many hours post ingestion and monitored over a 24 period? |
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| 4 hours |
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| What else should be monitored when an Acetaminophen OD occurs? |
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| Liver enzymes, bilirubin and PT |
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| What are the side effects of Salicylate (Aspirin)? |
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| GI irritation, disturbed platelet aggregation, tinnitus |
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| What are 2 Other OTC NSAIDs? |
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| Ibuprofen Naproxen |
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| ____ is a possibility for any patient who is unconscious for unexplained reasons |
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| OD |
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| True or False: Because most drugs clear quickly, screening tests can only detect recent abuse |
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| True |
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| Name 7 Drugs with a High Potential for Abuse |
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| Tranquilizers Amphetamine/Methamphetamine Cannabinoids Cocaine Opiates Hallucinogens Anabolic Steroids |
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| What are the following consistent with: CNS depressants/ anti-anxiety drugs Barbiturates (Pentobarb, phenobarb) Benzodiazepines (Valium, Librium, Ativan, Prozac) |
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| Tranquilizers (Sedative-Hypnotics) |
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| What does OD of Tranquilizers (Sedative-Hypnotics) cause? |
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| lethargy, slurred speech, stupor, respiratory arrest, coma |
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| What are the following consistent with: CNS stimulants (bennies, uppers, speed) Used to treat narcolepsy and ADD Causes talkativeness, restlessness, tremors, psychosis |
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| Amphetamine/Methamphetamine |
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| What are the following consistent with: Psychoactive compounds (primarily THC) in marijuana and hashish Lipophilic = accumulation in brain/fat cells; slower elimination Detected up to 5 days after single use; one month+ in chronic use Alters mood, perception, psychomotor skills, short-term memory; paranoia |
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| Cannabinoids |
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| What are the following consistent with: Local anesthetic CNS stimulator: elicits a sense of excitement and euphoria |
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| Cocaine |
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| What are the following consistent with: Used as analgesics, sedatives and anesthesia Derived from opium poppy |
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| Opiates |
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| Amphetamine/Methamphetamine - A llergy meds contained the chemically related _____ & _______ |
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| ephedrine & pseudoephedrine |
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| ___________ - amphetamine designer derivative |
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| MDMA (Ecstasy) |
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| Cannabinoids - what does the current method distinguish between? |
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| Direct Use and Passive Exposure |
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| Marinol and medical marijuana are used to treat what? |
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| anorexia, glaucoma, pain, and nausea associated with chemo |
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| OD of Cocaine is associated with what? |
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| Seizures and heart attacks |
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| What are the following consistent with: LSD, PCP (Phencyclidine), Mescaline May cause both stimulant and depressant effects Hostility, paranoia, flashbacks |
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| Hallucinogens |
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| What are the following consistent with: Related to testosterone; originally developed to treat male hypogonadism Increases muscle mass and athletic performance Hepatitis, atherosclerosis, stroke, MI, sterility, impotence Potency of black market drugs is variable |
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| Anabolic Steroids |
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| List 3 Natural Opiates |
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| morphine, codeine, opium |
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| List 3-4 Natural Modified Opiates |
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| Heroin, Oxycodone/Dilaudid, Percodan |
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| List 2 Synthetic Opiates |
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| Demerol, Darvon |
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| What is an OD of Opiates tied to? |
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| Respiratory acidosis and heart failure (myoglobin, CKMB and TnI) |
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| Which Drug with a high potential for abuse was originally developed to treat male hypogonadism? |
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| Anabolic Steroids |
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| Which Metal is consistent with the following: Naturally occurring and man - made: insecticides, herbicides, and treated lumber Disrupts many proteins GI bleeding, shock and convulsions |
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| Arsenic |
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| Which Metal is consistent with the following: Commercial and art paints; in pipes and on highways from car emissions Most toxicity is from ingestion of contaminated foods Inhibits heme and Vit D synthesis Causes anemia (hypoxia), liver and kidney injury, bone disorders,brain dysfunction, birth defects, porphyria |
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| Lead |
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| Which Metal is consistent with the following: Most toxicity is from contaminated foods (fish/seafood) or industrial Binds / alters proteins Bloody diarrhea, behavioral changes, loss of balance If patient survives initial poisoning, renal failure often follows |
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| Mercury |
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| Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity: Temperature |
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| 91-97 degrees F |
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| Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity: Creatinine |
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| Positive |
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| Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity: SG |
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| 1.003-1.035 |
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| Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity: pH |
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| 4-10 |
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| Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity: Nitrite |
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| Negative |
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| Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity: Glutaraldehyde |
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| Negative |
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| What does lead inhibit? |
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| Heme and Vitamin D Synthesis |
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| What does Lead Poisoning cause? |
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| Anemia (hypoxia), liver and kidney injury, bone disorders,brain dysfunction, birth defects, porphyria |
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| Most Mercury Toxicity is from where? |
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| Contaminated foods (fish/seafood) or industrial |
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| What does Mercury do? |
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| Binds/Alters Proteins |
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| If patient survives initial Mercury Poisoning, what often follows? |
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| Renal Failure |
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| Which Misc. Toxic Agent is associated with the following: Incomplete combustions of fuels Binds to hemoglobin (replaces O2) to form carboxyhemoglobin Severe hypoxia, primarily affecting heart and brain (lactic acidosis) |
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| Carbon Monoxide |
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| Which Misc. Toxic Agent is associated with the following: Gas or solid: insecticides, rat poison, burning insulation Binds to heme iron and disrupts production of cellular ATP Respiratory arrest, seizures, coma, death |
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| Cyanide |
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| Which Misc. Toxic Agent is associated with the following: Pesticides (contaminated food/ industrial exposure) Affects nerve synapses, causing salivation, involuntary urination and defecation, muscle cramps, respiratory failure |
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| Organophosphates |
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| What does Carbon Monoxide bind to? |
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| Hemoglobin |
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| When Carbon Monoxide binds to hemoglobin what does it replace? |
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| O2 |
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| When Carbon Monoxide binds to hemoglobin what does it form? |
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| Carboxyhemoglobin |
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| What does Cyanide bind to? |
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| Heme Iron |
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| When Cyanide binds to Heme Iron, what does it disrupt? |
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| Production of cellular ATP |
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| What do Organophosphates affect? |
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| Nerve Synapses |
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| When Organophosphates affect nerve synapses, what does this cause? |
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| Salivation, involuntary urination and defecation, muscle cramps, respiratory failure |
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| Hair can detect alcohol and drugs for how long after exposure? |
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| Months |
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| True or False: Hair AND Saliva are Impossible to adulterate |
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| True |
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| What is considered the best specimen for alcohol testing? |
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| Blood |
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| Other than alcohol, what else can Saliva detect? |
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| Drugs of abuse |
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