Exam 4 Chemistry Review/Study Questions Part 8 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Which therapeutic drug has an OD that leads to severe liver necrosis due to accumulation of free radicals? |
answer
| Acetaminophen |
question
| Treatment for Acetaminophen OD is effective in the first how many hours? |
answer
| 48 hours |
question
| Acetaminophen - _____ can predict liver toxicity based on serum levels |
answer
| Nomogram |
question
| True or False: Alcohol ingestion increases toxic effects of Acetaminophen |
answer
| True |
question
| Acetaminophen OD - Samples should be drawn how many hours post ingestion and monitored over a 24 period? |
answer
| 4 hours |
question
| What else should be monitored when an Acetaminophen OD occurs? |
answer
| Liver enzymes, bilirubin and PT |
question
| What are the side effects of Salicylate (Aspirin)? |
answer
| GI irritation, disturbed platelet aggregation, tinnitus |
question
| What are 2 Other OTC NSAIDs? |
answer
| Ibuprofen Naproxen |
question
| ____ is a possibility for any patient who is unconscious for unexplained reasons |
answer
| OD |
question
| True or False: Because most drugs clear quickly, screening tests can only detect recent abuse |
answer
| True |
question
| Name 7 Drugs with a High Potential for Abuse |
answer
| Tranquilizers Amphetamine/Methamphetamine Cannabinoids Cocaine Opiates Hallucinogens Anabolic Steroids |
question
| What are the following consistent with: CNS depressants/ anti-anxiety drugs Barbiturates (Pentobarb, phenobarb) Benzodiazepines (Valium, Librium, Ativan, Prozac) |
answer
| Tranquilizers (Sedative-Hypnotics) |
question
| What does OD of Tranquilizers (Sedative-Hypnotics) cause? |
answer
| lethargy, slurred speech, stupor, respiratory arrest, coma |
question
| What are the following consistent with: CNS stimulants (bennies, uppers, speed) Used to treat narcolepsy and ADD Causes talkativeness, restlessness, tremors, psychosis |
answer
| Amphetamine/Methamphetamine |
question
| What are the following consistent with: Psychoactive compounds (primarily THC) in marijuana and hashish Lipophilic = accumulation in brain/fat cells; slower elimination Detected up to 5 days after single use; one month+ in chronic use Alters mood, perception, psychomotor skills, short-term memory; paranoia |
answer
| Cannabinoids |
question
| What are the following consistent with: Local anesthetic CNS stimulator: elicits a sense of excitement and euphoria |
answer
| Cocaine |
question
| What are the following consistent with: Used as analgesics, sedatives and anesthesia Derived from opium poppy |
answer
| Opiates |
question
| Amphetamine/Methamphetamine - A llergy meds contained the chemically related _____ & _______ |
answer
| ephedrine & pseudoephedrine |
question
| ___________ - amphetamine designer derivative |
answer
| MDMA (Ecstasy) |
question
| Cannabinoids - what does the current method distinguish between? |
answer
| Direct Use and Passive Exposure |
question
| Marinol and medical marijuana are used to treat what? |
answer
| anorexia, glaucoma, pain, and nausea associated with chemo |
question
| OD of Cocaine is associated with what? |
answer
| Seizures and heart attacks |
question
| What are the following consistent with: LSD, PCP (Phencyclidine), Mescaline May cause both stimulant and depressant effects Hostility, paranoia, flashbacks |
answer
| Hallucinogens |
question
| What are the following consistent with: Related to testosterone; originally developed to treat male hypogonadism Increases muscle mass and athletic performance Hepatitis, atherosclerosis, stroke, MI, sterility, impotence Potency of black market drugs is variable |
answer
| Anabolic Steroids |
question
| List 3 Natural Opiates |
answer
| morphine, codeine, opium |
question
| List 3-4 Natural Modified Opiates |
answer
| Heroin, Oxycodone/Dilaudid, Percodan |
question
| List 2 Synthetic Opiates |
answer
| Demerol, Darvon |
question
| What is an OD of Opiates tied to? |
answer
| Respiratory acidosis and heart failure (myoglobin, CKMB and TnI) |
question
| Which Drug with a high potential for abuse was originally developed to treat male hypogonadism? |
answer
| Anabolic Steroids |
question
| Which Metal is consistent with the following: Naturally occurring and man - made: insecticides, herbicides, and treated lumber Disrupts many proteins GI bleeding, shock and convulsions |
answer
| Arsenic |
question
| Which Metal is consistent with the following: Commercial and art paints; in pipes and on highways from car emissions Most toxicity is from ingestion of contaminated foods Inhibits heme and Vit D synthesis Causes anemia (hypoxia), liver and kidney injury, bone disorders,brain dysfunction, birth defects, porphyria |
answer
| Lead |
question
| Which Metal is consistent with the following: Most toxicity is from contaminated foods (fish/seafood) or industrial Binds / alters proteins Bloody diarrhea, behavioral changes, loss of balance If patient survives initial poisoning, renal failure often follows |
answer
| Mercury |
question
| Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity: Temperature |
answer
| 91-97 degrees F |
question
| Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity: Creatinine |
answer
| Positive |
question
| Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity: SG |
answer
| 1.003-1.035 |
question
| Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity: pH |
answer
| 4-10 |
question
| Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity: Nitrite |
answer
| Negative |
question
| Tests to determine adulteration. General rules for urine sample validity: Glutaraldehyde |
answer
| Negative |
question
| What does lead inhibit? |
answer
| Heme and Vitamin D Synthesis |
question
| What does Lead Poisoning cause? |
answer
| Anemia (hypoxia), liver and kidney injury, bone disorders,brain dysfunction, birth defects, porphyria |
question
| Most Mercury Toxicity is from where? |
answer
| Contaminated foods (fish/seafood) or industrial |
question
| What does Mercury do? |
answer
| Binds/Alters Proteins |
question
| If patient survives initial Mercury Poisoning, what often follows? |
answer
| Renal Failure |
question
| Which Misc. Toxic Agent is associated with the following: Incomplete combustions of fuels Binds to hemoglobin (replaces O2) to form carboxyhemoglobin Severe hypoxia, primarily affecting heart and brain (lactic acidosis) |
answer
| Carbon Monoxide |
question
| Which Misc. Toxic Agent is associated with the following: Gas or solid: insecticides, rat poison, burning insulation Binds to heme iron and disrupts production of cellular ATP Respiratory arrest, seizures, coma, death |
answer
| Cyanide |
question
| Which Misc. Toxic Agent is associated with the following: Pesticides (contaminated food/ industrial exposure) Affects nerve synapses, causing salivation, involuntary urination and defecation, muscle cramps, respiratory failure |
answer
| Organophosphates |
question
| What does Carbon Monoxide bind to? |
answer
| Hemoglobin |
question
| When Carbon Monoxide binds to hemoglobin what does it replace? |
answer
| O2 |
question
| When Carbon Monoxide binds to hemoglobin what does it form? |
answer
| Carboxyhemoglobin |
question
| What does Cyanide bind to? |
answer
| Heme Iron |
question
| When Cyanide binds to Heme Iron, what does it disrupt? |
answer
| Production of cellular ATP |
question
| What do Organophosphates affect? |
answer
| Nerve Synapses |
question
| When Organophosphates affect nerve synapses, what does this cause? |
answer
| Salivation, involuntary urination and defecation, muscle cramps, respiratory failure |
question
| Hair can detect alcohol and drugs for how long after exposure? |
answer
| Months |
question
| True or False: Hair AND Saliva are Impossible to adulterate |
answer
| True |
question
| What is considered the best specimen for alcohol testing? |
answer
| Blood |
question
| Other than alcohol, what else can Saliva detect? |
answer
| Drugs of abuse |
