Men were primarily recognized for their combat role during World War One, while women's contributions in manufacturing bombs and ammunition for soldiers at the front line often went unnoticed. Despite having extra responsibilities, women made an effort to stay in touch with their loved ones involved in the war.
Sending mementos like pressed flowers, photographs, and embroidered handkerchiefs was a way to boost the spirits of soldiers and keep the home fires burning. These letters were crucial in uplifting morale for homesick and frightened men.
The Army and Navy Nurse Corps were established in 1901 and 1908 respectively, allowing women to participate in the military with certain limitations. However, it wasn't until World War One that government entities seriously considered utilizing women's capabilities. Initially, enlisting
...women posed challenges for the Army.
In defiance of the War Department's opposition, around 13,000 women were swiftly recruited by the Navy and Marine Corps. These women were treated on par with their male counterparts, donning identical uniform blouses adorned with insignia. Although the majority of women did not participate in frontline duties, there were a few noteworthy exceptions like Flora Sandes, a British woman who fought alongside Serbian forces and ultimately rose to the rank of Captain during the war. Instances can also be found of women serving in the Russian army at this time. It is important to highlight that Sandes' story stands out as extraordinary and uncommon.
In World War One, it was uncommon for English women to fight and use guns. Many people at that time disapproved of women participating in war because they were supposed to be nurturing an
inclined towards peace.
The concept of women's gentleness being portrayed as weakness was illustrated in the book Golden Lads (1916) by Arthur Gleeson. The book contrasted the prideful accounts of male soldiers bragging about the number of enemies they had killed with the compassionate care English women provided to wounded Germans. Despite experiencing hardship alongside their male counterparts, these women did not seek revenge or take pleasure in harming others. They did not react to danger by grabbing a gun and shooting.
The passage emphasizes that during World War I, women's support for the war effort was driven by their sense of familial loyalty. Helen Mana Lucy Swanwick, a feminist and pacifist, highlighted this in 1915. According to her, women only participated in supporting the war as a way to show loyalty and respect to their male family members. However, following the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia, an all-female unit called the Russian Women's Battalion of Death was formed with government backing. Although multiple battalions were established, only one actively fought in the war and successfully captured enemy soldiers. Additionally, a number of Russian women also joined The Legion of Death, showing their dedication to fight for their country.
The First Battalion from St. Petersburgh showed their bravery and valor during a retreat when they managed to capture more than 100 German prisoners, although many of their own soldiers lost their lives in the battle. It was reported that Russian women soldiers, in order to avoid becoming German war prisoners, took a solemn oath to end their lives if captured by carrying cyanide of potassium with them, which they would consume if necessary.
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The women regiments all agreed that they would prefer death to facing the likely fate at the hands of the Germans. Women played a crucial role in caring for the wounded, providing food and other necessities, operating telephones, entertaining troops, and working as journalists. These brave women took charge by creating their own methods and tools, convincing others to support their cause, and resourcefully acquiring supplies. They even formed new organizations where none existed before. Women assigned as canteen workers for the US Army were deemed virtuous individuals responsible for maintaining discipline among soldiers through entertainment, button-sewing, cigarette distribution, and sweets provision. The army faced challenges in keeping women away from direct combat and confining them to supportive roles.
Women disregarded commands to leave the troops they were caring for and would reappear after being sent to the rear. A few American women became shockingly bloodthirsty due to hearing tales of atrocities and being exposed to the impacts of combat. In hindsight, the American women displayed conflicting emotions of sorrow regarding the war. " (3) They were appalled by what they had witnessed, yet they were generally proud of their efforts and achievements.
Despite the presence of women near the front lines as nurses, their involvement in combat was rare. This lack of participation is not surprising, considering that historically women have been armed primarily during revolutions and invasions, which did not occur in Britain at this time. However, nursing experienced significant growth for women, especially those from lower classes who had the opportunity to receive a quick medical education and contribute more closely to the war effort. Although they were still
viewed as subservient to doctors and constrained by gender roles of that era, nursing allowed for an increased number of women in the field. The trenches' high concentration of male fighters resulted in numerous casualties on a daily basis.
During the war, courageous nurses were deployed to the front line where they fearlessly provided medical assistance to the injured despite the constant danger of stray bullets and enemy bombardments. In fulfilling their duties, these women often made the ultimate sacrifice, giving up their lives. Additionally, as witnesses to the horrors of war, these nurses directly experienced its devastating effects.
After witnessing the atrocities caused by this information, they were unable to go back to their normal lives. Women received no training or knowledge on how to defend their country or participate in frontline combat. Although they were spared from direct exposure to the horrors of war, advances in technology quickly closed the gap between the battlefields and suburban life. The bombing of Britain during World War One resulted in 1,414 deaths, which deeply traumatized women at that time. However, during World War Two, civilian casualties from bombing raids increased exponentially to 60 times more. Another distressing aspect was the difficult process of readjusting as their loved ones returned from war zones. Numerous men came back with various types of injuries.
Women played a significant role in supporting men during this time, shouldering the responsibility of caring for them as they lost their fathers, husbands, lovers, brothers, and sons. The impact of this war meant that life would never be the same for these women. However, they were not merely patriotic mothers confined to serving
their country through caregiving. They actively contributed to the war effort by working in factories, investing in war bonds, harvesting crops, and tending to the needs of soldiers on leave. Some even joined the armed forces themselves. Around 80,000 British women served in non-combatant roles across the three women's forces during World War One. Yet, these British women advocated for the right to receive rifle training and bear arms for home defense.
Women's talents were harnessed by the Local Defence Volunteers (LDV) in World War Two to train men in shooting, even though women were not allowed to join. Nevertheless, numerous women's organizations emerged to meet the need for a prepared home front. In conclusion, during World War One, women fulfilled various roles such as combat fighters and nurses on the dangerous front lines.
During the war, women assumed men's responsibilities at home, such as crop harvesting. They offered assistance to the men on the battlefield by sending care packages and uplifting letters. Despite witnessing distressing events and enduring great loss, these women endured and maintained a positive attitude. Whether they actively participated in combat or merely corresponded with the soldiers through letters, all of these women exemplify remarkable strength and inspiration. This underscores the significance of never underestimating the power, resilience, and determination of women.
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