The unfamiliar concept of compassion fatigue prompts questions about its classification as a disease or a consequence of working in the healthcare field. This paper aims to delve into the precise definition of compassion fatigue, identify its warning signs, and outline strategies for seeking interventions to overcome it. Compassion fatigue is a multifaceted condition encompassing physical, emotional, and spiritual distress. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing describes it as a state of psychic exhaustion (Barbara Lombardo, RN, MSN, PMHCNS-BC, Caryl Eyre, RN, MSN, 2011).
The reason why compassion fatigue affects healthcare workers is due to their close interactions with sick patients. When nurses or healthcare workers have close interactions with patients who are suffering and in pain, it challenges their emotional and mental state. This close interaction can also remind healt
...hcare workers of their own family members, which causes distress in their personal lives. According to Barbara Lombardo and Caryl Eyre (2011), nurses are predominantly exposed to compassion fatigue due to the nature of their role in providing care. Nurses become partners with patients rather than mere observers.
The involvement with patients can lead to compassion fatigue in nurses and healthcare workers (Barbara Lombardo, RN, MSN, PMHCNS-BC, Caryl Eyre, RN, MSN, 2011). Research articles indicate that empathy is the main cause of compassion fatigue. The nature of healthcare jobs naturally brings about stress and anxiety when caring for sick individuals. According to an article titled "Compassion Fatigue: Are You At Risk" by Nancy Jo Bush (2009), all caregivers are susceptible to emotional exhaustion from their work. Expressing empathy is a duty of caregivers and is inherent in the nursing profession.
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When expressing empathy, it may have a counteractive effect on individual emotions, traumatizing cognitive, spiritual, and behavioral emotions. Nursing burnout can directly lead to compassion fatigue. Factors such as workplace role uncertainty, excessive workload, working night shifts, issues with colleagues, and role conflict among nurses and coworkers can contribute to burnout in healthcare. According to Karen E. Espeland (2009), being exposed to nursing burnout for an extended period of time can cause nurses to succumb to compassion fatigue.
Nurses and healthcare workers need to address their physical, emotional, and spiritual needs in order to prevent compassion fatigue and nursing burnout. According to Net of Care Information for caregivers, meeting these needs is essential in overcoming compassion fatigue. This involves engaging in exercise, maintaining a healthy diet, combating fatigue, and making time for relaxation. Exercise is particularly effective in preventing mental and physical distress.
Even though exercising has many advantages, its main benefits in reducing compassion fatigue are lowering blood pressure, decreasing depression, and reducing anxiety. The problem lies in nurses and healthcare workers not properly eating three meals a day. Their busy schedules often result in forgetting to eat and relying on unhealthy junk food instead. It is essential for these individuals to consume nutritious meals as they play a crucial role in promoting better health.
To maintain a healthy diet, nurses should eat three balanced meals daily, drink six to eight glasses of water, and limit caffeine intake from drinks like coffee and tea. To promote a peaceful mindset, they should engage in relaxation techniques such as meditation every day. Additionally, activities like finding a hobby, practicing yoga, or receiving
a massage can help nurses relax and reduce both physical and emotional stress (Net of Care information for caregivers, 2013). Ultimately, the most effective way to combat compassion fatigue is by incorporating physical, emotional, and spiritual activities into one's life for a stress-free lifestyle.
The article "Burnout and Compassion Fatigue Watch for the Signs" categorizes signs of compassion fatigue into five groups: cognitive, emotional, behavioral, spiritual, and somatic states. In the cognitive category, symptoms include decreased concentration, apathy, inflexibility, confusion, and excessive focus on trauma. Emotional symptoms consist of anxiety, guilt, anger helplessness depression powerlessness.
Health care workers in the behavioral group may experience symptoms such as irritability, withdrawal, moodiness, and hyper-vigilance. In the spiritual group, symptoms may include questioning the meaning of life, pervasive feelings of hopelessness, loss of purpose and faith, and questioning religious beliefs. In the somatic state of compassion fatigue, symptoms may manifest as sweating, tachypnea (rapid breathing), difficulty breathing, dizziness, headaches, and trouble sleeping. It is crucial to identify compassion fatigue given these warning signs and seek appropriate therapeutic interventions (Dennis Portnoy, 2011). Strategies and interventions for preventing compassion fatigue involve recognizing and addressing work-related stress that gradually builds up over time leading to this condition.
Nowadays, there is recognition of Compassion fatigue and various interventions and strategies available for those in need. Some of the options include: receiving help from on-site counseling, joining staff support groups, participating in debriefing sessions, getting a massage, undergoing bereavement intervention, and paying attention to spiritual needs (Barbara Lombardo, RN, MSN, PMHCNS-BC, Caryl Eyre, RN, MSN, 2011). Nurses and healthcare workers are the primary focus of these strategies and interventions in
order to alleviate compassion fatigue and its side effects. In order to combat compassion fatigue, it is important for nurses and caregivers to have someone to talk to and engage in activities that relax their minds and bodies. Employers should also provide strategies and interventions to help employees overcome compassion fatigue.
In addition to identifying and providing strategies for compassion fatigue, it is also vital to identify compassion fatigue in employees. The effects of compassion fatigue can be costly, as errors such as unintentional ignorance, medical errors, and avoiding the patient can result in financial responsibility for the employer. In conclusion, caregivers (nurses) will experience compassion fatigue at some point. It is crucial to identify the signs and symptoms of compassion fatigue and seek professional help.
Untreated compassion fatigue among health care workers can lead to depression and substance abuse. The writer of the book "Compassion Fatigue: Are You At Risk" highlights a Native American teaching which emphasizes that nurses or caregivers give a piece of themselves every time they help patients heal, eventually leading to a need for healing themselves (Nancy Jo Bush, 2009). By maintaining a balanced level of empathy, health care workers can avoid compassion fatigue. Furthermore, a well-balanced level of empathy can enable individuals to maintain stability in their physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being.
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