Edu Test 216 – Flashcards

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A middle school that divides students into three different "houses" to promote closer student-teacher connections is enacting one of the reforms urged in
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Turning Points
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In Life in Classrooms, Philip Jackson characterizes school life as
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busy teachers working with students often forced to delay or deny their needs.
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John Goodlad found that teachers
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vary considerably in how efficiently they use time.
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Latchkey children
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generally from educated families
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One of the problem areas cited in the text, within the area of classroom interaction, indicated
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that two-thirds of classroom time is talk, and two-thirds of that time teachers are doing the talking.
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Philip Jackson calls teachers gatekeepers because
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they direct the flow of classroom interaction.
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Philip Jackson researched teacher interactions in the classroom and concluded
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the high number of teacher-student interactions that occur in class underscores the rapid pace of classroom discourse.
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Raphaela Best's study of peer groups revealed that
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the boys who are rejected from the dominant male peer group exhibit social, emotional, and academic problems.
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Research indicates that because of non-instructional demands (discipline problems, attendance, etc.); teachers lose what percentage of instructional time?
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about 25 percent
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Sociologist Talcott Parsons's investigation of the tracking system led to the conclusion that tracking is
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a system that molds educational and career paths of children at a very early age.
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The best definition of tracking is
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placing student in static homogeneous groupings
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The most widespread form of substance abuse is
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alcohol abuse
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The system by which students are assigned to a position within an academic range or level is known as
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tracking/ability grouping
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What percentage of students do not graduate from high school?
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1/3rd
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When people remember their high school experiences, they are most likely to recall issues concerning the
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social status system
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Which of the following best describes a characteristic of adolescent culture in school?
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preoccupation with physical attractiveness and peer popularity
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Which of the following claims about tracking is true?
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August Hollingshead discovered that approximately two-thirds of the students from the two upper social classes but less than 15 percent from the lower classes were in the college preparatory program.
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Which of the following is false? A child who is homeless
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may be prohibited from participating in extracurricular activities if such participation might prove embarrassing to the child or to the peers of that child.
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Which of the following is true of today's families in the United States?
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Approximately 13 million children—more than one in five—live in single-parent families.
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Which of the following statements is true?
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One-third to half of all students report being bullied at least once.
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Which statement is false?
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Impulsivity is a trigger for about 9 out of 10 suicides.
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In which century did English grammar schools first appear in our nation's history?
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18th
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In which century did academies first appear in our nation's history?
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18th
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John Dewey advocated for
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progressive education
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Maria Montessori is best known in education for
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creating innovative methods for early childhood education
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In early colonial times, education was aimed at
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saving souls through religious instruction.
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The "Old Deluder Satan Law" of 1647 required that
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Massachusetts provide education for young people so that they would be able to read Scriptures.
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Only 15 years after arriving in America, the Puritans established the
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latin grammar school
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(More Challenging, Higher Order Question) In the colonial period, which area offered the most structured, formal education?
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northern colonies
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Which one of the following features of U.S. education today CANNOT be traced to colonial times?
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teacher competency tests
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The first real textbook used in eighteenth-century colonial schools, promoting not only mastery of the alphabet but also religious morality, was the.
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American Spelling Book
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Benjamin Franklin's Academy upheld all of the following principles regarding education EXCEPT
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education should be available to all children regardless of economic class.
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The common school movement represented
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the effort to establish public elementary schooling.
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The name most closely associated with the common school movement is
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Horacce Man
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Which of the following best describes the "gendered" nature of teaching in the United States
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Males and females both have at various times both been considered "unnatural" for choosing a career in teaching.
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The importance of the 1874 Kalamazoo, Michigan, court case was that it legally validated public funds for support of
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secondary schools
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Early school reform reports such as the recommendations of the Committee of Ten and the Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education show
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a split between forces pushing for academic rigor and forces pushing for more student-centered education.
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The recommendations of the Committee of Ten are MOST SIMILAR to those of
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A Nation At Risk
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The name most closely associated with progressive education is
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John Dewey
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The decision outlawing racial segregation in schools was
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Brown vs Board
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Which of the following BEST describes the influence of the federal government on education?
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Although the Constitution prescribes no clear role for the federal government in education, federal influence is strong and growing.
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Supporters of categorical grants believe that federal funding should
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promote specific programs or assist specific populations.
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All of the following actively advocated child-centered education EXCEPT
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B.F.Skinner
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All of the following worked to make equal educational opportunity a reality EXCEPT
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Jean Piaget
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Which statement is TRUE?
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Most Native American children are educated in public schools.
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Prior to the Civil War, laws denying slaves the opportunity for education were called
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compulsory ignorance
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The Supreme Court established the doctrine of "separate but equal" in the court case
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plessy vs ferguson
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De jure segregation refers to
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a dual system based on race and sanctioned by law.
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The court case concluding that in public education separate is inherently unequal is
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Brown vs Board
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The 1964 Civil Rights Act
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authorized legal and financial force to fight segregation.
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Over the past two decades
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firm racial set-asides for college and law school admissions were eliminated.
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Hispanics in the U.S.
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have the youngest and fastest-growing school-age population.
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The most culturally diverse group to enter the United States legally since the 1970s is
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asian/pacific
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Discrimination against Asian-Americans has taken the following forms EXCEPT
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compulsory ignorance laws
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Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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Most Arab-Americans living in the United States are Christian.
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Females in the United States
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have in the past been banned from many schools and still encounter differential treatment in class., receive lower report card grades than males do and are more likely to be reprimanded, two tangible signs that gender bias still exists.
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In Sex in Education, Dr. Edward Clarke argued
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that women should be provided with a less demanding education.
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The law that prohibits sex discrimination in any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance is
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Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972.
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In which century did colleges and universities first appear in our nation's history?
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17th
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In which century did common schools first appear in our nation's history?
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19th
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In which century did dame schools first appear in our nation's history?
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17th
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In which century did high schools first appear in our nation's history?
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19th
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In which century did home schooling first appear in our nation's history?
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17th
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In which century did junior high schools first appear in our nation's history?
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20th
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In which century did Latin grammar schools first appear in our nation's history?
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17th
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In which century did middle schools first appear in our nation's history?
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20th
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The National Defense Education Act was passed in order to
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strengthen the US education system after Sputnik
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Which ONE of the following is a teacher-centered philosophy of education?
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perenniliasm
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(Higher Order Question) Essentialists would be likely to place the most emphasis on
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math/natural science
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The idea that classic ideas are not only relevant but should be the focus of contemporary education reflects
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perenniliasm
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Progressivism's foremost educational advocate was
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john dewey
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Many progressivists believe that
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people learn better by experiencing and doing things than through book learning.
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John Dewey founded a famous experimental school to test his ideas. That school was
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laboratory school
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(More Challenging, Higher Order Question) Which of the following is a model of social reconstructionism?
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Jane Roland Martin's "schoolhome" with its curriculum of caring, concern, and connection
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One who believes in the existentialist philosophy of education believes schooling should
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help students accept themselves as unique, responsible individuals.
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(More Challenging, Higher Order Question) Before beginning a new unit on the water cycle, a teacher asks her students what experiences they've had with water in nature (rain, rivers, the ocean, and the like). The teacher is MOST LIKELY using
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scaffolding
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The use of a system of positive reinforcement to encourage desired behavior is based on
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behaviorism
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Unlike existentialists, __________ believe that free will is an illusion and that human nature is shaped by the environment.
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behaviorists
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Today's focus on stronger standards and more testing of both students and teachers best fits which philosophy of education?
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essentialism
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Which of the following best describes informal education?
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Children learn from adults and older children through observing, helping, and imitating.
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The Socratic method involves
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questioning
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The founder of the Academy in Athens was
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Plato
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The idea of eternal "forms" underlying all existence comes from
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Plato
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Which of these statements would an advocate of a teacher-centered educational philosophy be most likely to make?
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"Education should transmit the values and knowledge that have survived through time."
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A look at today's science curriculum in most U.S. schools shows an emphasis on
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materialism
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The branch of philosophy most concerned with the origin and application of values in human nature is
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ethics
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(Higher Order Question) Which of the following best describes the system of funding U.S. schools?
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very decentralized, with local and state governments bearing most of the costs
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Local communities raise most of their educational revenues through
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property tax
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(Higher Order Question) The trend of the Supreme Court in recent years has been to put the responsibility of equalizing education expenditures on
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the states
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In San Antonio v. Rodriguez, the Supreme Court decided that
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the current finance system did not violate the U.S. Constitution.
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What was the importance of Edgewood v. Kirby?
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A state supreme court found that gross differences in per-pupil expenditures violated the state constitution.
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Which of the following declared education a fundamental right under California state law and led to a wave of reform in state funding of schools?
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Serrano v Priest
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An "adequate education"
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focuses on educational outcomes.
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The bond method of financing
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creates a government loan for infrastructure needs.
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An important lesson drawn from Abbott v. Burke is that
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additional financial inputs do not necessarily translate into improved academic performance.
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What are the biggest sources of state funding for schools in most states?
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sales and personal income taxes
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How much of the cost of public education does the federal government pay for?
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less than 10 percent
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The contribution of the federal government has shifted in recent years
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from categorical grants to block grants.
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(Higher Order Question) A call for accountability in schools means that people want
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evidence that increased financial support results in educational progress.
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Individual states retain responsibility for education due to the
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10th amendment
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State governments typically do NOT
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hire school personnel.
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Most school board members view themselves as trustee representatives,
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selected because of their educational experience and independent, good judgment.
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District-wide, at-large elections typically result in local school board members that are
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conservative, elite, middle or upper class.
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School boards are often criticized for
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dealing with too limited a range of issues.
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A school superintendent
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is the most powerful education officer in the district.
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According to Donald McCarty and Charles Ramsey, authors of The School Managers: Power and Conflict in American Public Education, a school board in a community dominated by a few powerful figures will seek out a superintendent
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with a functionary style.
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Which of the following is a TRUE statement about school principals in the United States today?
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Thirty-five percent of school principals are female.
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The number of school districts in the nation has been
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decreasing.
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The influence of the business community in America's schools can best be characterized as
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extensive and growing.
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