Chemistry 1 Midterm – Flashcards
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| Chemistry |
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| the science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo |
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| Scientific Method |
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| the process that lies at the center of scientific inquiry. |
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| Natural Law |
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| general observations of a behavior |
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| Hypothesis |
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| one or more assumptions put forth before an experiment |
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| Theory |
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| a set of tested hypothesis that gives an overall explanation of a part of nature. |
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| What is a summary of an observed behavior. |
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| Law |
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| The state of matter for an object that has neither a definite shape or volume is... |
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| Gaseous |
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| The state of matter for an object that has a definite volume but not a definite shape. |
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| Liquid |
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| The state of matter that has both a definite shape and volume. |
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| Solid |
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| Anything that has mass and volume. |
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| Matter |
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| Is Cooking an egg a physical or chemical change? |
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| Chemical |
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| Is boiling water a physical or chemical change? |
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| Physical |
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| Is ironing a shirt a physical or chemical change? |
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| Physical |
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| Is burning gasoline a physical or chemical change? |
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| Chemical |
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| Is decomposing water a physical or chemical change? |
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| Chemical |
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| Is evaporating alcohol a physical or chemical change? |
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| Physical |
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| Is sanding a table top a physical or chemical change? |
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| Physical |
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| Is grinding grain a physical or chemical change? |
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| Physical |
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| Is fermenting fruit juice a physical or chemical change? |
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| Chemical |
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| Is dissolving sugar in water a physical or chemical change? |
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| Physical |
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| A sample of an element contains only one kind of... |
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| Atom |
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| An element is a collection of a single kind of... |
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| Atoms |
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| Sand on the beach is an example of a... |
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| Heterogeneous Mixture |
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| Pure Substance |
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| a chemical substance is a form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties |
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| A solution can be a heterogeneous mixture or a homogeneous mixture. (True/False) |
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| False |
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| Is table salt... (a)Element (b)A Compound (c)Homogeneous Mixture (d)Heterogeneous Mixture |
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| B |
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| Is Chlorine Gas... (a)Element (b)A Compound (c)Homogeneous Mixture (d)Heterogeneous Mixture |
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| A |
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| Is sand in water... (a)Element (b)A Compound (c)Homogeneous Mixture (d)Heterogeneous Mixture |
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| D |
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| Is petroleum... (a)Element (b)A Compound (c)Homogeneous Mixture (d)Heterogeneous Mixture |
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| C |
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| Is caffeine... (a)Element (b)A Compound (c)Homogeneous Mixture (d)Heterogeneous Mixture |
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| B |
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| Water is an example of a... |
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| A compound |
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| A solution can be distinguished from a compound by its... |
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| Heterogeneous Mixture |
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| 14K gold is a... (a)element (b)A Compound (c)A Mixture |
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| A |
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| Pure Silver is a... (a)element (b)A Compound (c)A Mixture |
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| A |
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| Aluminum is a... (a)element (b)A Compound (c)A Mixture |
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| A |
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| Distilled Water is a... (a)element (b)A Compound (c)A Mixture |
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| B |
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| Tap Water is a... (a)element (b)A Compound (c)A Mixture |
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| C |
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| Brass is a... (a)element (b)A Compound (c)A Mixture |
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| C |
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| Tungsten is a... (a)element (b)A Compound (c)A Mixture |
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| A |
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| Sodium Chloride is a... (a)element (b)A Compound (c)A Mixture |
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| B |
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| Air is a... (a)element (b)A Compound (c)A Mixture |
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| C |
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| A pure substance made up of more than one kind of atom. |
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| A Compound |
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| What is the most abundant element on the earth. |
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| Oxygen |
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| What is the most abundant element found in the human body? |
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| Oxygen |
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| Compounds |
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| substances made by bonding atoms together in a specific way. |
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| Molecule |
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| made up of atoms stuck together |
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| Physical Properties |
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| odor, color, volume, state, density, melting point, and boiling point |
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| Chemical Properties |
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| Mixture |
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| something that has variable composition. |
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| Alloys |
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| Mixtures of metals. |
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| Pure Substance |
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| always has the same composition |
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| Homogeneous Mixture |
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| the same throughout |
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| Heterogeneous Mixture |
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| contains regions have different properties than other regions. |
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| Solution |
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| also called a Homogeneous Mxture |
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| Law of Constant Composition |
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| elements always contain the same properties |
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| Daltons Atomic Theory Point #1 |
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| Elements are made of tiny particals called atoms |
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| Daltons Atomic Theory Part #2 |
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| All atoms of a given element are identical |
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| Daltons Atomic Theory Part #3 |
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| The atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element |
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| Daltons Atomic Theory Part #4 |
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| Atoms of one element can be combine with atoms of another element to form compounds. A given compound always has the same relative number and type of atoms. |
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| Daltons Atomic Theory Part #5 |
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| Atoms are indivisible in chemical process. That is, atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions. A chemical reaction simply changes the way the atoms are grouped together |
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| Electrons |
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| negative particals |
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| Nuclear Atoms |
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| an atom with a dense center of positive charge around which tiny electrons moved in a space that was otherwise empty |
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| Isotopes |
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| atoms with the same number of protons but different number |
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| Atomic Number |
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| the number of protons in an neucleus |
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| Mass Number |
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| the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in a neucleus |
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| Thompsons Experiment |
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| Cathrode Ray Tube |
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| The Plum Pudding Model |
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| Lord Kelvin and J.J Tompson |
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| Ion |
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| taking a neutral atom and adding or removing one or more electrons |
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| Cation |
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| A positive Ion |
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| Anion |
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| Negatively charged ion |
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| Ionic Compounds |
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| Any substance containing Ions |
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| Binary Compound |
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| Contain both a positive and negative ion |
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| Binary ionic Compound |
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| A two element compound consisting of a cation and a anion |
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| A substance composed of two or more elements combined chemically in a fixed proportion by mass |
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| Compound |
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| A fundamental particle of a chemical element according to Dalton's Theory |
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| The Atom |
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| In Chemistry a formula is used to represent? |
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| A Compound |
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| How many hydrogen atoms are indicated in the formula: (NH4)2 C8 H4 O2 |
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| 12H |
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| Medeleev is credited with the modern Atomic Theory of Atoms. (True/False) |
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| False. Mendeleev created the periodic table |
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| The first scientist to show that atoms emit tiny negative particles is... |
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| J.J Thompson |
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| The Scientist whose alpha particle scattering experiment led him to conclude that the nucleus of an atom contains a dense center of positive charge is... |
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| Ernest Rutherford |
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| Which atomic particle determines the chemical behavior of an atom? |
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| Electrons |
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| Three main subatomic particles |
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| Protons. Neutrons. Electrons |
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| Which particle has the smallest mass? |
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| Electrons |
