Question 1

Alderfer referred to the needs for physical well being as ____ needs.  a. physiological  b. existence  c. belongingness  d. relatedness  e. growth

Accepted Answer

b. existence

Question 2

The core dimension of Hackman and Oldham\'s model of job characteristics that is based on the number of diverse activities that make up a job is known as  a. autonomy.  b. job enlargement.  c. skill variety.  d. task identity.  e. feedback.

Accepted Answer

c. skill variety.

Question 3

The delegation of power and authority to subordinates is referred to as  a. need for power.  b. need for achievement.  c. empowerment.  d. passing the buck.  e. need of affiliation.

Accepted Answer

c. empowerment.

Question 4

A high need for ____ is associated with successful attainment of top levels in the organizational hierarchy, according to McClelland.  a. power  b. achievement  c. affiliation  d. success  e. expertise

Accepted Answer

a. power

Question 5

The degree to which the job is perceived as important and having impact on the company or customers is referred to as  a. task complexity.  b. task identity.  c. task significance.  d. task structure.  e. task simplification.

Accepted Answer

c. task significance.

Question 6

Which of the following theories places an emphasis on behavior and its consequences?  a. Two-factor theory  b. Need hierarchy theory  c. Reinforcement theory  d. ERG theory  e. Equity theory

Accepted Answer

c. Reinforcement theory

Question 7

In goal-setting theory, ____ refers to the degree to which goals are concrete and unambiguous.  a. goal specificity  b. goal difficulty  c. goal acceptance  d. feedback  e. goal motivation

Accepted Answer

a. goal specificity

Question 8

Which of the following is the administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior?  a. Avoidance learning  b. Punishment  c. Positive reinforcement  d. Extinction  e. Suspension

Accepted Answer

c. Positive reinforcement

Question 9

Which motivation theory proposes that needs must be satisfied in sequence?  a. Reinforcement theory  b. ERG theory  c. Hierarchy of needs theory  d. Experiential learning theory  e. Social learning theory

Accepted Answer

c. Hierarchy of needs theory

Question 10

According to Herzberg, ____ is an example of a hygiene factor.  a. achievement  b. recognition  c. pay  d. responsibility  e. opportunity for growth

Accepted Answer

c. pay

Question 11

Empowering employees means giving employees  a. information.  b. knowledge.  c. power.  d. rewards.  e. all of these.

Accepted Answer

e. all of these.

Question 12

Katie dislikes almost everything about her job. The only reason she continues to work at Mace Autobody is the excellent benefits package she receives. Katie is motivated by  a. extrinsic rewards.  b. intrinsic rewards.  c. variable rewards.  d. all of these.  e. none of these.

Accepted Answer

a. extrinsic rewards.

Question 13

Which of the following techniques reduces the likelihood that behavior will be repeated?  a. Positive reinforcement  b. Negative reinforcement  c. Extinction  d. Reward enhancement  e. All of these

Accepted Answer

c. Extinction

Question 14

In goal-setting theory, ____ refers to the idea that employees have to \"buy into\" the goals.  a. goal specificity  b. goal difficulty  c. goal acceptance  d. feedback  e. goal motivation

Accepted Answer

c. goal acceptance

Question 15

Highroller Casinos provides good salaries and benefits, including bonuses of up to 25 percent of annual salaries. However, the company has been criticized for not establishing an achievement or recognition program for its employees. Which of the following best describes the company in terms of the two-factor theory?  a. Good motivators, inadequate hygiene factors  b. Good hygiene factors, inadequate motivators  c. Good hygiene factors and motivators  d. Inadequate hygiene factors and motivators  e. None of the above

Accepted Answer

b. Good hygiene factors, inadequate motivators

Question 16

The removal of an unpleasant consequence following a desired behavior is referred to as  a. avoidance learning.  b. punishment.  c. positive reinforcement.  d. extinction.  e. inefficient management.

Accepted Answer

a. avoidance learning.

Question 17

A recent study from the U.S. Department of Labor shows that the top reason that people leave their jobs is because they:  a. Don\'t make enough money  b. Don\'t feel appreciated  c. Don\'t believe in what the organization stands for  d. Don\'t like their colleagues  e. Don\'t like their boss

Accepted Answer

b. Don\'t feel appreciated

Question 18

Karen is a first line supervisor at Wolfs, Inc. She wishes to increase her employee\'s opportunities for growth and learning. Which of the following techniques should she use?  a. Job enlargement  b. Job enrichment  c. Job rotation  d. Positive reinforcement  e. Continuous

Accepted Answer

b. Job enrichment

Question 19

Bruce publicly praises his employees when they have achieved their goals. Bruce hopes this will increase the likelihood of goal achievement in the future. This is an example of  a. extinction.  b. negative reinforcement.  c. avoidance learning.  d. positive reinforcement.  e. none of these.

Accepted Answer

d. positive reinforcement.

Question 20

Sally enjoys her job as a teacher, not because of the pay or benefits, but because she feels good about shaping the minds of tomorrow\'s leaders. Sally is motivated by:  a. Power factors  b. Leadership factors  c. Hygiene factors  d. Extrinsic rewards  e. Intrinsic rewards

Accepted Answer

e. Intrinsic rewards

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?  a. Safety needs  b. Compensation needs  c. Physiological needs  d. Esteem needs  e. Self-actualization needs

Accepted Answer

b. Compensation needs

Question 22

Nelson is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the organization. According to Maslow, Neil is motivated by which category of needs?  a. Physiological  b. Safety  c. Belongingness  d. Esteem  e. Self-actualization

Accepted Answer

d. Esteem

Question 23

Which term, in goal-setting theory, refers to the need to make goals highly ambitious but achievable?  a. Goal specificity  b. Goal difficulty  c. Goal acceptance  d. Feedback  e. Goal motivation

Accepted Answer

b. Goal difficulty

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of a process theory of motivation?  a. Need hierarchy theory  b. Equity theory  c. Two-factor theory  d. ERG theory  e. Acquired needs theory

Accepted Answer

b. Equity theory

Question 25

____ theory deals with employee\'s perception of fairness.  a. Expectancy  b. Reinforcement  c. Need hierarchy  d. Equity  e. ERG

Accepted Answer

d. Equity

Question 26

Which of the following is based on the relationships between effort, performance, and outcomes?  a. Equity theory  b. Expectancy theory  c. Reinforcement theory  d. Two-factor theory  e. ERG theory

Accepted Answer

b. Expectancy theory

Question 27

The ____ involves whether putting effort into a task will lead to high performance.  a. P -> O expectancy  b. E -> P expectancy  c. O -> V expectancy  d. A -> Z expectancy  e. V -> P expectancy

Accepted Answer

b. E -> P expectancy

Question 28

Tim is a manager at Chuck\'s Construction. He sees little opportunity for advancement at Chuck\'s Construction, regardless of how well he performs. Which of the following expectancies is low for Tim?  a. E -> P expectancy  b. O -> V expectancy  c. P -> O expectancy  d. E -> V expectancy  e. None of these

Accepted Answer

c. P -> O expectancy

Question 29

Abbi works at Railroad Ties. Her bosses continually indicate that her motivational level is low. Abbi agrees, but is unwilling to work harder until the company changes the types of reward it offers its employees. Which of the following is low for Abbi?  a. E -> P expectancy  b. O -> P expectancy  c. Valence  d. Motivators  e. O -> E indicators

Accepted Answer

c. Valence

Question 30

Which of these is sometimes called negative reinforcement?  a. Avoidance learning  b. Punishment  c. Positive reinforcement  d. Extinction  e. Neutral learning

Accepted Answer

a. Avoidance learning

Question 31

One of your fellow students is continually late to class. The professor has tried numerous verbal warnings and recently took points away from the student\'s grade. Based on the above, the professor\'s actions are consistent with which of the following reinforcement techniques?  a. Negative reinforcement  b. Punishment  c. Positive reinforcement  d. Avoidance learning  e. Rewards enhancement

Accepted Answer

b. Punishment

Question 32

One of your fellow team members at work is continually disrupting the team\'s work with jokes and general horseplay. You hope that by ignoring him he will stop this senseless behavior. You are attempting to use which reinforcement tool?  a. Extinction  b. Positive reinforcement  c. Negative reinforcement  d. Avoidance learning  e. Desired behavior is reinforced annually

Accepted Answer

a. Extinction

Question 33

Which theory proposes that an individual\'s motivation can result not just from direct experience of rewards and punishments but also from the person\'s thoughts and beliefs and his or her observations of other people\'s behavior?  a. Reinforcement theory  b. Hierarchy of needs theory  c. ERG theory  d. Experiential learning theory  e. Social learning theory

Accepted Answer

e. Social learning theory

Question 34

Larry is looking for ways to increase the number of different tasks that an employee performs without increasing task complexity. He should try  a. job simplification.  b. job enlargement.  c. job rotation.  d. job enrichment.  e. job lay-off.

Accepted Answer

c. job rotation.

Question 35

____ is an important part of the job characteristics model.  a. Critical psychological states  b. A hierarchy of needs  c. Schedules of reinforcement  d. All of these  e. None of these

Accepted Answer

a. Critical psychological states

Question 36

Daisy tried to apply the job characteristics model to her workforce, but it only worked for some of her employees. Which of the following may be a reason why it did not work for everyone?  a. Some of her employees are lazy.  b. Some of her employees are low in growth-need strength.  c. Some of her employees have a low need for power.  d. All of her employees have high growth-needs.  e. Some of her employees have low affiliation needs.

Accepted Answer

b. Some of her employees are low in growth-need strength.

Question 37

____ is a situation in which employees enjoy their work, contribute enthusiastically to meeting goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization.  a. Commitment  b. Engagement  c. Employee loyalty  d. Employee assurance  e. Employee guarantee

Accepted Answer

b. Engagement

Question 38

On the continuum of empowerment, employees who are self-managed  a. give input.  b. participate in decisions.  c. are responsible for decision process and strategy.  d. have no decision discretion.  e. make decisions.

Accepted Answer

c. are responsible for decision process and strategy.

Question 39

Yolanda recently learned that Sue, who works in the same position as she and has been with the company for the same amount of time, earns about ten percent more than she does. As a result, Yolanda feels that she should not work as hard, so she starts coming in late and taking more days off. This is an example of which method for reducing perceived equity?  a. Working harder, not smarter  b. Changing outcomes  c. Changing work effort  d. Changing perceptions  e. Leaving the job

Accepted Answer

c. Changing work effort

Question 40

Samuel, a sales associate at an electronics store, learns that his base pay is higher than any other sales associate in the store. He justifies his higher salary to the idea that he must be a top sales associate, generating more revenue than anyone else. This example demonstrates which method for reducing perceived inequity?   a. Working harder, not smarter  b. Changing outcomes  c. Changing work effort  d. Changing perceptions  e. Leaving the j

Accepted Answer

d. Changing perceptions

Question 41

____ refers to a reward given by another person.  a. An intrinsic reward  b. An internal reward  c. An extrinsic reward  d. A valued reward  e. A charity

Accepted Answer

c. An extrinsic reward

Question 42

____ is an example of an intrinsic reward.  a. An employee\'s feelings of self-worth  b. A pat on the back from your boss  c. A pay raise  d. A promotion  e. A bonus

Accepted Answer

a. An employee\'s feelings of self-worth

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