ATI health promotion of infant, toddler, preschool, school age, and adolescents – Flashcards
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* posterior fontanel closes at...
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6-8weeks
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* anterior fontanel closes at...
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12-18mo
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birth weight is _______ by 6 months and ________ by 12 months
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-doubled -tripled
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infants grow _____ per month in first 6 months and their length increases by ______ by 12 months
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-2.5cm (1in) - 50%
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first tooth usually erupts at age...
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6-10 months
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teething pain management
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- cold teething rings - OTC teething gel - acetaminophen up to 3 days - ibuprofen up to 3 days
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what age can a child take ibuprofen?
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6mo
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fine motor skill gross motor skill of 1mo
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-grasp reflex -head lag
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fine motor skill gross motor skill 3mo
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- no longer has grasp reflex, keeps hands loosely open - raises head & shoulders off mattress when prone
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fine motor skill gross motor skill of 6mo
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-holds bottle - can roll back to front
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fine motor skill gross motor skill of 7mo
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- moves object from hand to hand - bears full weight on feet
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fine motor skill gross motor skill of 9mo
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- crude pincer grasp - pulls to stand, creeps on hand & knees
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fine motor skill gross motor skill of 10mo
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- grasps rattle by handle - change from prone (flat) to sitting position
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fine motor skill gross motor skill of 11mo
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-places objects in a container - walks while holding onto something
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fine motor skill gross motor skill 12mo
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-tries to build a 2 block tower without success - sits down from the standing position
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Piaget stage for birth to 24mo
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sensorimotor
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object permanence occurs at age...
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9mo
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expected language of infant...
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-crying - cooing - responds to noise - says 3-5 words and understands "no" by 1y
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Erikson stage for birth to 1y
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trust vs. mistrust
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2 ways mistrust develops
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- needs are consistently not met - needs are continuously met before being vocalized by the
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what play type do infant's have...
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solitary
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play should provide...
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interpersonal contact & educational stimulus
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toys that stimulate senses and encourage development are...
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brightly colored toys, rattles, pat-a-cake, blocks, books
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what immunization should be received at birth?
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Hep B
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immunizations at 2 months
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DTaP, RV, IPV, PCV, Hib (DRIPH)
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immunizations at 4 months
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DTaP, RV, IVP, PCV, Hib (DRIPH) - same as 2 months
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immunizations at 6 months
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DRIPH and Hep B
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what age can infant get the flu vaccine?
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6mo
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what is an acceptable alternative to breast milk?
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iron fortified formula
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should infants be given cow's milk?
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NO
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other sources of fluid (juice, water) are not needed during first ______ months of age
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4
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what age are solids introduced?
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4-6mo
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indicators of readiness for solid foods are..
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- interest in solid foods - voluntary control of the head and trunk - extrusion reflex goes away
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why should new foods be introduced one at a time over 4-7 days?
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- observe for signs of allergy or intolerance (V/D, fussy, rash, constipation)
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fruits and veggies are started first at ______. after both are tolerated meat can be added
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6-8 mo
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breast milk/formula should be ______ as solid food intake increases, but should remain the primary source of nutrition through _______.
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- decreased -1 year
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appropriate finger foods at 9mo include...
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bananas, toast, crackers, cheese, noodles, peeled apples, pears, peaches
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______ feedings are the last to be stopped
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bed time
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nocturnal sleep patterns established by...
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3-4mo
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infants sleep through the night and take two naps daily by the age of..
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1y
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hot water thermostats should be set at or below...
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120 degrees
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infants & toddlers remain in REAR FACING car seat until the age of _______ or height recommendation of manufacturer
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2y
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a nurse is assessing 12mo at well child visit. which finding should be reported? A. closed anterior fontanel B. eruption of 6 teeth C. birth weight doubled D. birth length increased by 50%
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C. - it should be tripled by 1y
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a nurse is performing a developmental screening on 10mo. which motor skills should be performed? A. grasp rattle by handle B. try building 2 block tower C. use crude pincer grasp D. place objects into container E. move object from hand to hand
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A, C, E
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a nurse is performing a well baby visit with a 4 month old. which of the following immunizations should be administered? A. MMR B. IPV C. PCV D. Varicella E. RV
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B, C, E
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a nurse is providing education about introducing new foods to the parents of a 4mo. to best supply needed nutrients, the nurse should recommend that the parents introduce which of the following foods first? A. stained yellow veggies B. iron fortified cereal C. pureed fruits D. whole milk
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B
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a nurse is providing teaching about dental care and teething to the parent of 9mo. which statement indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. I can give my baby frozen fluid filled teething rings to relieve discomfort B. I should clean baby's teeth with cool, wet washcloth C. I can give Advil for up to 5 days D. I should dilute juice with water in the bottle my baby drinks while falling asleep
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B- this is appropriate for cleaning infant teeth (If the ring is fluid filled it will become cold and not stay frozen)
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at 30mo a toddler should weight ______ their birth weight
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4 times
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toddlers grow about ______ per year
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7.5cm (3in)
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fine motor skill gross motor skill for 15 mo
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- uses cup well, builds two block tower - walks without help, can creep up the stairs
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fine motor skill gross motor skill for 18 mo
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-manages a spoon - jumps up and down with both feet
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fine motor skill gross motor skill for 2y
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- builds a tower of 6-7 blocks - walks up and down the stairs with both feet
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fine motor skill gross motor skill for 2.5y
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- good hand- finger coordination, can draw a circle - stands on one foot momentarily
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object permanence becomes full developed at age...
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19-24mo
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toddlers are in the preoperational phase and they do not understand _______________. But they can __________ to __________.
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- other view points - symbolize objects and people - imitate
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erikson stage for toddler
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autonomy vs. shame and doubt
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toddlers are..
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egocentric
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appropriate play activities for toddlers are....
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- filling and emptying containers - playing with blocks -looking at books - finger paint - thick crayons
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temper tantrums result when....
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toddler is frustrated with restrictions on their independence
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providing __________ help toddlers work through their frustrations
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consistent age appropriate expectations
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2 things parents should demonstrate in toilet training
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- patience -consistency
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children develop life long eating habits by age....
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3 (early childhood)
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physiologic anorexia can develop because....
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toddlers are picky eaters and have decreased appetites
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toddlers should have
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24 to 30 oz of milk a day
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juice consumption should be limited to....
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4-6oz a day
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toddlers should have ______ of fruit a day
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1 cup
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toddlers need _________ hours of sleep per day, including one nap
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11-12h
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one way to promote good rest
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maintaining a regular bed time
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dental caries are more common in children that.....
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go to bed with a bottle of juice/milk
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how should a toddler over the age of 2yo sit in a car?
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in a forward facing car seat in the backseat
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a nurse is assessing a 2.5 yo toddler at a well child visit. which of the following should be reported to the dr? A. height increased 3in in the past yr B. head circumference exceeds chest circumference C. anterior and posterior fontanels are closed D. current weight is 4x birth weight
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B.
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a nurse is performing a development screening on an 18mo. which of the following should the toddler be able to perform? A. build a tower of 6 blocks B. throw a ball overhand C. walk up and down the stairs D. draw circles E. use a spoon without rotation
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B, E
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a nurse is providing teaching about age appropriate activities to a parent of a 2yo. which of the following statements by the parent indicates a need for further teaching? A. I send my child's favorite toy with when she will be napping at home. B. putting large pieced puzzles together is one of my child's favorite activities C. the soccer team my child will be playing on starts next week D. my child likes to ride a straddle truck in the dining room while I am cooking
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C- toddlers play by themselves but alongside other toddlers, the concept of a team is difficult for a toddler
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a nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to parents of a toddler. which of the following should the nurse include? A. develop food habits that will prevent dental caries B. meeting caloric needs results in an increased appetite C. expression of bedtime fears D. behaviors associated with negativism and ritualism E. Importance of annual screenings for phenylketonuria
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A, C, D
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preschoolers should grow _______ a year
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2.5 -3.5cm
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fine motor skills that preschool age should be able to do are...
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- copying figures on paper, dressing independently
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gross motor skills 3yo
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-rides a tricycle - stands on one foot for a few seconds
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gross motor skills 4yo
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- throws ball overhand - skip and hops on one foot
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gross motor skill 5yo
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- jump rope - walks backward with heel to toe -throws and catches a ball with ease
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preschoolers go from egocentric to....
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social awareness and the ability to understand other peoples viewpoints
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variations in thinking at this age are....
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- magical thinking - animism - centration
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erikson stage for preschool
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initiative vs. guilt
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guilt may occur when....
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they are unsuccessful at a task or believe they have misbehaved
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during stress, insecurity, or illness preschoolers may....
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regress to previous immature behaviors or develop bad habits lie bed wetting, nose picking, and thumb sucking
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what can parents do to minimize stress during hospitalization?
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bring favorite toys to hospital and provide appropriate play
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age appropriate toys for preschoolers
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- playing ball - puzzles - playing pretend and dress up - role playing - painting - electronic games
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immunizations for preschoolers include
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4-6y= DTap, IPV, MMR, Varicella (DIMV) 3-6y= flu vaccine
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preschoolers consume _______ calories
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1,800
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at what age do preschoolers become less picky and more willing to try new foods?
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5yo
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preschoolers need ____ grams of protein
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13-19g
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four other nutrients that that preschoolers need in their diets are...
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-calcium -iron -folate - vitamin A, C
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preschoolers need ____ hours of sleep a day
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12
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if car seat is outgrown a preschooler should be in a....
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booster seat
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a nurse is providing teaching about methods to promote sleep to the parents of a preschooler. which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. I will sleep in the bed with my child if she wakes up during the night B. I will let my child stay up 2 additional hours during the weekend C. I will let my child watch tv for 30 minutes every night before bed D. I will keep a dim light on in my child's room during the night
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D
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a nurse is conducting a well child visit for a 6yo. what immunizations should the nurse expect to administer? A. DTaP B. IPV C. MMR D. PCV E. Hib
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A, B, C
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a nurse is preparing an education program for parents about nutrition for preschool age children. which of the following should the nurse include? A. saturated fats should be 20% of total caloric intake B. average daily calories should be 1,800 C. picky eating habits develop around 5yo D. healthy diets include 8g of protein a day
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B
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a nurse is performing a developmental screening on a 3yo. which of the following skills should the child be able to perform? A. rides a tricycle B. hop on one foot C. Jump rope D. throw a ball overhead
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A
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a nurse is taking care of a preschooler that says she needs to leave the hospital because her doll is scared to be at home alone. which of the following characteristics of preoperational thought is the child exhibiting? A. egocentrism B. centration C. animism D. magical thinking
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C
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what age is school age children?
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6-12yo
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school age children gain _____ a year
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2-3kg
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school age children grow ____ a year
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5cm
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piaget stage for school age
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concrete operations - they are able to see the perspective of others
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erikson stage for school age
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industry vs. inferiority
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bullying behavior can be caused by
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-poor relationships with peers - difficulty identifying with a group
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preadolescence is typically when prepubescence occurs. onset of physiologic changes begin around the age of ____ in girls.
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9yo
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age appropriate activities for 6-9yo are....
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- simple board and number games - hopscotch - jump rope - collecting rocks, stamps, coins, stuffed animals - ride bike - join organized sports
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age appropriate activities for 9-12yo are...
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- make crafts - build models - engage in hobbies - jigsaw puzzles - board and card games - organized competitive sports
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Immunizations for 11-12yo...
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- Tdap - HPV (female) - MCV
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Obesity is an increasing concern for this age group. what should parents be advised to do regarding this....
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- avoid using food as a treat - emphasize physical activity - ensure a balanced diet - teach children to make healthy food selections - avoid skipping meals - avoid fast food - model healthy eating behaviors
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resistance to bed time can be experienced at ages
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8-9
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a nurse is discussing prepubenscence and preadolescence with a group of parents of school aged children. which of the following information should the nurse include? A. initial physiologic changes appear during early child hood B. changes in height and weight occur slowly during this period C. growth differences between boys and girls become evident D. signs of sexual maturation become highly visible in boys
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C
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a nurse is conducting a well child visit. the child is scheduled to receive immunizations for 11-12yo. which of the following should be administered? A. TIV B. PCV C. MCV D. Tdap E. RV
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A, C, D
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a nurse is providing education about sleep and rest to a group of parents of school age children. which of the following statements by a parent indicates a need for further teaching? A. my child's age influences the number of hours of sleep he needs B. my child's level of activity during the day influences the number of hours of sleep he needs C. my child's health status influences the number of hours of sleep he needs D. my child's fam hx of sleep apnea influences the number of hours of sleep he needs
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D
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a nurse is teaching a course about safety during the school age years to a group of parents. which of the information should the nurse include A. gating stairs at the top and bottom B. wearing helmets when riding bike C. riding safely in bed of pick up trucks D. implementing firearm safety E. wearing seatbelt
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B, D, E
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girls stop growing _______ years after the onset of menarche.
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2- 2.5
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boys stop growing at age..
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18-20
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what order does sexual maturation occur is girls?
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1. Breast development 2. pubic hair growth 3. axillary hair growth 4. menstruation
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what order does sexual maturation occur in boys?
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1. testicular enlargement 2. pubic hair growth 3. facial hair growth 4. vocal changes
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erikson stage for adolescents
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identity vs. inferiority
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group identity
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- adolescents become part of a peer group that greatly influences their behvaior
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recommended immunizations for adolescents
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-yearly flu vaccine - 16-18yo= might need an MCV booster
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3 nutrients that should be increased during adolescents due to their rapid growth and high metabolism
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1. calcium 2. iron 3. zinc
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signs of self harm in adolescents are...
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-poor school performance - lack of interest in things that they were previously interested in - social isolation - disturbance in sleep or appetite - expression of suicidal thoughts
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a nurse is providing teaching about expected changes during puberty to a group of parents of early adolescent girls. which of the statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. girls usually stop growing 2 years after menarche B. girls are expected to gain about 65 lbs during puberty C. girls experience menstruation prior to breast development D. girls typically grow more than 10 inches during puberty
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A
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a nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parent of a 13yo. the nurse should recommend which of the following screenings? A. body mass index B. blood lead level C. height D. weight E. scoliosis
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A, C, D, E
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a nurse is caring for an adolescent whose mother express concerns about her son sleeping such long hours. the nurse should inform the mother that extra sleep is needed during this time due to which of the following? A. sleep terrors B. rapid growth C. elevated zinc levels D. slowed metabolism
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B
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a nurse is teaching a class about puberty in males. which of the following should the nurse include as the first manifestation of sexual maturation? A. pubic hair growth B. vocal changes C. testicular enlargement D. facial hair growth
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C
