question

1883 legislation that attempted to replace the "spoils system" with a "merit system," by creating the Civil Service Commission. In other words, people seeking government jobs would now have to pass a test to receive the job, based on merit

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Pendleton Act

question

New York democratic party/political machine; gained notoriety for corrupt practices; political machines came to power because of the rapid growth of cities-machines traded services to city-dwellers for votes at the polls

answer

Tammany Hall

question

most famous political cartoonist of the Gilded Age; known for his scathing editorials against the infamous Boss Tweed

answer

Thomas Nast

question

1882 legislation passed in response to complaints of workers on the West Coast that competition from Chinese immigrants was driving down wages and threatening white racial purity; ended Chinese immigration

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Chinese Exclusion Act

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aka: The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry; founded by Oliver Kelley; promoted education and socialization of farmers

answer

The Grange

question

1894; along with other unemployed people lead a march to Washington, D.C., to support enactment of laws that would create public works projects

answer

Jacob Coxey

question

political party created in the 1890's that supported reform and represented the views of the farmers

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Populists

question

economic situation in which goods and services are more expensive, therefore causing a decline in the value of money; loss of purchasing power

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Inflation

question

a decline in general price levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit

answer

Deflation

question

1887 legislation passed as an attempt to assimilate the Indians by dividing reservations into individual pieces of land, breaking up the tribes

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Dawes Severalty Act

question

written by Helen Hunt Jackson in 1881 to expose the atrocities the United States committed against Native Americans in the 19th century

answer

A Century of Dishonor

question

The Significance of the Frontier in American History argued the closing of the Frontier had ended an era in American History

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The Turner (Frontier) Thesis

question

in the mid 19th century, groups of miners searching for precious metal (gold and silver) began the surge into the West, beginning the boom-bust cycles of settlement

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Miners

question

famous speech given by William Jennings Bryan; in support of bimetalism, Bryan spoke of the gold standard as a burden (like the cross)

answer

"Cross of Gold" Speech

question

Election of 1896; partly because of the popularity of his speeches, he received the nomination of the Democrats and Populist

answer

William Jennings Bryan

question

a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on the land; primary occupation of African Americans in the New South

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Sharecropping

question

early African American civil rights leader; established Tuskegee Institute; known for his "Atlanta Compromise" of 1895

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Booker T. Washington

question

speech given by Booker T. Washington that outlined his ideas concerning African American self-improvement through vocational education to achieve economic goals

answer

Atlanta Compromise

question

the separation of the races in the United States

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Segregation

question

provides equal protection and due process of the law

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14th Amendment

question

taking away the right to vote

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Disfranchise

question

the right to vote

answer

Suffrage

question

unfair test administered to people in the South, to disfranchise black citizens

answer

Literacy Test

question

voting tax used to keep black people from voting

answer

Poll Tax

question

name adopted from a slavery-era play; during this time period, the law enforced segregation of African Americans from whites

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Jim Crow Era

question

the African Americans migrating to the Great Plains state (ie: Kansas & Oklahoma) in 1879 to escape conditions in the South

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Exodusters

question

the usage of both silver and gold as currency; Republicans believed i a money system based on the single gold standard, while the Democrats (Populist) believed in bimetallism

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Bimetallism

question

paper currency (money)

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Greenbacks

question

absorbing of a weak/smaller culture by a stronger/dominant culture

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Assimilation

question

Indian tribe led by Chief Joseph; ordered onto a reservation in Idaho in 1877, they fled instead; after giving up they were removed to a reservation in Oklahoma

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Nez Perce

question

1890 U.S. cavalry slaughter of Native Americans marketing the end of the Indian Wars on the Great Plain

answer

Wounded Knee

question

1877 Supreme Court decision allowing state governments to regulate railroad rates

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Munn v. Illinois

question

the Supreme Court ruled in 1886 that only the federal government could regulate interstate commerce, leading to the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission

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Wabash v. Illinois

question

1896 Supreme Court decision allowing for "separate but equal" facilities

answer

Plessy v. Ferguson

question

Jocob Coxey's army of unemployed who marched on Washington D.C. during the Panic of 1893

answer

Coxey's Army

question

1884 election...GOP who criticized Blaine and defected to the Democrats.

answer

Mugwumps

question

1887..began gov't regulation of the railroads...gov'ts policy switched from land subsidies to forbidding rebates to favored customers...required publication of rates, established ICC, prohibited rebates, outlawed short haul surchage.

answer

Interstate Commerce Act

question

Cleveland elected again...Populists made strong gains in the West

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1892 Election

question

Official US policy involved reservations the allotment of land to individuals

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Indian Policies

question

technological advancement in the manufacturing of steel

answer

Bessemer Process

question

1890...purpose was to attempt to restore business competition....was not immediately successful

answer

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

question

Real wages declined, production increased dramatically, new types of business corporations emerged, immigration increased

answer

Effects of Industrialism

question

not much success in the late 1800's because unionism was the opposite of American individualism

answer

Labor Unions

question

during the Gilded Age...ruthless competitors who cheated investors and exploited workers...late 19th century

answer

Robber Barons

question

Excluded from US in early 1880's ..first group to be targeted by Congress

answer

Chinese Immigrants

question

Welcomed all workers: skilled/unskilled, black/white, male/female

answer

Knights of Labor

question

Bombing in Chicago in 1886 at a labor rally...skilled workers abandoned the K of L in favor of the A F of L ...people associated unions with violence

answer

Haymarket Riot

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after 1890(more or less)...came from Southern and Easter Europe in the later 1800's ..settled in the big cities of the Northeast and Midwest

answer

New Immigration

question

Carnegie....Control all aspects of the stell making to increase profits

answer

Verticle Integration

question

Reockefeller...a company that buys other businesses in the same industry

answer

Horizontal integration

question

assisted immigrants in exchange for their votes, found immigrants jobs, provided legal help and emergency assistance, psychological comfort

answer

Urban Political Machines

question

headed a ring of politicians that cheated NY City out of $100 million

answer

Boss Tweed

question

Pseudo-scientific evidence used by welathy Americans to prove that they deserved their wealthy...natural selection and survival of the fittest

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Social Darwinism

question

Carnegie's belief that the wealthy must serve as trustees for their wealth and the public good

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Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth

question

free coinage of silver to increase the supply of money in circulation

answer

Populist Goals

question

Jane Addams was the leader of this movement...young, affluent college educated woman provided help for the immigrants

answer

Settlement Houses

question

Populist/Dem Bryan Vs GOP McKinley...free silver vs gold standard...Bryan had made famous "Cross of Gold" speech

answer

1896 Election

question

federal land to the states to establish colleges

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Morrill Land Grant Act

question

required the gov't to purchase silver

answer

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

question

Nez Perce Indian Cheif "I will fight no more forever"

answer

Chief Joseph

question

from 1865-1890, most immigrants came from northern western Europe ...after that from southern to eastern Europe

answer

Immigration Patterns

question

Leader of the American Railway Workers Union...he turned to socialism after the Pullman Strike

answer

Eugene Debs

question

during the gilded Age it was the primary function of Pres

answer

Patronage/Spoils System

question

increase currency/money supply for higher farm prices..reduce farmer's debt...reduce power of the eastern bankers...expand silver mining...were all favored by the Populists

answer

Effects of the "free silver"

question

defended by the GOP because it brought additional revenue to the federal gov't ...was main issue that divided GOP and the Democrats in the Gilded Age

answer

Protective Tariff

question

Established seperate, segregated facilities in the south

answer

Jim Crow Laws

question

prevented former slaves (freedmen) from voting

answer

KKK

question

the most devastating factor in their demise was the killing of the buffalo

answer

Plains Indians

question

United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877)

answer

Cornelius Vanderbilt

question

American inventor of the telephone

answer

Alexander Graham Bell

question

Inventor of lightbulb, phonograph and numerous other innovations

answer

Thomas Edison

question

Built a steel mill empire; US STEEL

answer

Andrew Carnegie

question

often referred to as the richest person in history, this man founded Standard Oil and became a philanthropist who contributed to many worthy projects including but not limited to medicine, scientific research and education.

answer

John D. Rockerfeller

question

United States labor leader (born in England) who was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1886 to 1924 (1850-1924)

answer

Samuel Gompers

question

Men that were known for monopolistic corpurations

answer

Trust

question

railroad which extended from Omaha, Nebraska westward

answer

Union Pacific

question

railroad which extended from sacramento, california eastward

answer

Central Pacific

question

an association formed by farmers in the last 1800s to make life better for farmers by sharing information about crops, prices, and supplies

answer

Grange

question

powerful and wealthy 19th century steel corporation founded by Andrew Carnagie and JP morgan

answer

US Steel

question

Term that identified southern promoters' belief in the technologically advanced industrial South

answer

New south

question

Federation of craft labor unions lead by Samuel Gompers that arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor

answer

American Federation of Labor

question

Leader of Army At Sand Creek Massacre

answer

Col. J Chivington

question

Found Gold in Black Hills and forced Sioux out (Little Big Horn)

answer

General George Armstrong Custer

question

General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse

answer

Little Big Horn

question

Refers to the overland transport of cattle by the cowboy over the three month period. Cattle were sold to settlers and Native Americans.

answer

Long Drive

question

Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25.

answer

Homestead Act

question

Develpoed the Frontier Thesis

answer

Fredrick Jackson Turner

question

A Farmers' organization founded in late 1870s; worked for lower railroad freight rates, lower interest rates, and a change in the governments tight money policy

answer

Farmers Alliance

question

1894 - nonviolent strike (brought down the railway system in most of the West) at the Pullman Palace Car Co. over wages - Prez. Cleveland shut it down because it was interfering with mail delivery

answer

Pullman Strike

question

Republican William McKinley defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan in 1896. Bryan was the nominee of the Democrats, the Populist Party, and the Silver Republicans.Economic issues, including bimetallism, the gold standard, Free Silver, and the tariff, were crucial.

answer

Election of 1896

question

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

answer

Charles Darwin

question

Houses that poor people lived in, located in cities Showed some atrocities of American industrial life.

answer

Dumbbell Tenement

question

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

answer

18th Amendment

question

the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes

answer

Jane Addams

question

fought for African American rights. Helped to found Niagra Movement in 1905 to fight for and establish equal rights. This movement later led to the establishment of the NAACP

answer

W.E.B. Du Bois

question

Settlement house founded by progressive reformer Jane Adams in Chicago in 18889

answer

Hull House

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