Anthropology 1000 – Flashcards
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What is anthropology
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The holistic study of humanity through space and time
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The following are subfields in anthropology EXCEPT
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microanthropology
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What anthropological approach focuses on how people with different motives, intentions, and degrees of power and influence manage to create and transform the society in which they live?
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Practice theory
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What are cultural particulars?
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Features unique to a given culture, not shared with any other.
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What is ethnocentrism?
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Viewing another culture in terms of your own culture and values
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Anthropology's comparative, biocultural perspective
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allows the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches to comment or solve a particular issue or problem
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A systematic field of study that uses experiment, observation, and deduction to produce reliable explanations of phenomena is
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science
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What is paleoanthropology?
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The study of hominid evolution and human life as revealed by the fossil record
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Why do anthropological archaeologists use relative dating?
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To create relative chronology for the materials uncovered during escavation
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Which of the following is the term that refers to the processes that affect the remains or a deceased organism?
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taphonomy
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The etic approach
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done from an outsider's perspective
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the emic approach
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done from an insider's perspective
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Carbon-14 dating is NOT
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a technique usable on materials millions of years old
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Where are most anthropologists employed today?
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Universities and colleges
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What is a disease?
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a scientifically identified health threat
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The process by which children learn culture is known as
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enculturation
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Culture is acquired by the following ways except
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genetically
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culture is
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the traditions and customs that govern behavior and beliefs
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biological anthropologists study all of the following except
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ancient language
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What distinction does Kottak draw between culture and society?
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People share society with other animals, but culture is distincly human
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The term underdifferentiation refers to
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the view that people in less-developed countries are all alike
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What is ethnocentrism
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viewing another culture in terms of your own culture and values
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An anthropologist that studies Macaca fascicularis (long-tailed macaque) in the Hindu temples of Bali would be a(n)
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Biological anthropologist
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An anthropologist that studies algonquin sites along the NC coast would be a(n)
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archaeologist
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An anthropologist that studies the spread of Islam in the USA would be a(n)
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cultural anthropologist
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What is cultural relativism?
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The argument that behavior in a particular culture should not be judged by the standards of another culture
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What do molecular anthropologists study?
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The relationship among ancient and contemporary populations and among species
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic field technique used by ethnographers?
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Online surveys
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The American Anthropological Association's Code of Ethics is
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designed to ensure that all anthropologists are aware of their obligations to the field of anthropology, the host communities that allow them to conduct their research, and to society in general.
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Which question was important in the origins of American anthropology?
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Where did Native americans come from?
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The study of the relationships between social and linguistic variation is called
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sociolinguistics
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Cultural resource management is an example of applied
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archaeology
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How are cultural rights different from human rights?
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Cultural rights are vested in groups, not individuals
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Although rap music began in the U.S., it is now popular all over the world. Which of the following mechanisms of cultural change is responsible for this?
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Diffusion
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The emergence of agriculture in at least 7 different regions of the world is an example of
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independent invention
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What kinds of people do anthropologists consider to be "cultured"?
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All people
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A scientist who studies the fossil record of human evolution is a(n)
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paleoanthropologist
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The pressurized cabin of an airplane flying at high altitude provides an example of a(n)
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cultural adaptation
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The tendency of people living in the Peruvian Andes to develop a voluminous chest and lungs for life at very high altitudes provides an example of a(n)
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genetic adaptation
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The use of anthropological findings, concepts, and methods to accomplish a desired end is known as
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applied anthropology
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Applied anthropology's systemic perspective recognizes that
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Changes don't occur in a vacuum, and a program or project has multiple effects.
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Which of the following should NOT be one of the goals of an applied anthropological approach to urban programs?
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Create a single universal policy to be applied to all urban communities
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What is the term for a sign that has no necessary or natural connection to the thing it stands
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symbol
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what is a biocultural perspective?
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the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches
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A person with a degree in anthropology can go into all of the following fields except
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none of the above
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Anthropologists in biological anthropologists do not use archaeology
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false
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cultural anthropologists are not interested in future human culture
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false
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anthropologists are trained to understand cultural diversity
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true
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archaeologists are concerned with acquiring artifacts for museums
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false
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anthropology has been described as "the most scientific of humanities, and the most humanistic of social sciences."
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true
