Introduction This experiment is designed to test the allelopathy of two different treatments, Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus cinerea) and Lemon (Citrus limon).
The two treatments will be tested on radish seeds (Raphanus sativus) to investigate the effect of the treatments on the germination of the radish seeds. Allelopathy is the beneficial or harmful effects that one plant has on another plant by the release of chemicals.Allelopathy studies the interactions among plants, fungi, algae and bacteria with the organisms living in a certain ecosystem, interactions that are mediated by the secondary metabolites produced and exuded into the environment (Francisco A Macias, Jose MG Molinillo, Rosa M Varela, Juan CG Galindo 2007). The plants use allelotoxins, which are an allelochemical produced by one plant that is toxic to another plant, to help them compete for space. Often these chemicals inhi
...bit seed germination and root growth of young neighboring plants with less effect on mature plants (Shimabukuro and Haberman 2006).Allelopathy is very a useful strategy for plants.
It is very important in agricultural society to eliminate weeds, pests, and insects. Plants use allelopathy to assure them a spot in nature. I am trying to see which one of these plants inhibits the germination of radish seeds the most. Putnam (1984) reported that eucalyptus species released volatile compounds such as benzoic, cinnamic and phenolic acids, which inhibit growth of crops and weeds growing near it. Eucalyptus is a widely well-known allelopathic plant.I believe that Eucalyptus will allow the least amount of germination of radish seeds between Eucalyptus, Lemon, and a control.
Methods The method used for this experiment was very easy to set up. Five different lab groups performed the same
experiment. Three petri dishes is the first thing I needed. I placed a piece of paper at the bottom of each dish and found the exact center and made a mark. Next I put ten radish seeds (Raphanus sativus) evenly around the center of the dish on each disk.
I then made sure to mark the bottom of each dish accordingly with Lemon (Citrus limon), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus cinerea), and Control.In the dishes, I dropped the appropriate treatment into the center, where the marks were made. Next, I closed the petri dishes, taped them up, and let them sit at room temperature for a week. Then I opened them up to take two measurements. The first measurement was the number of seeds germinated. The second measurement was to measure the seedling lengths.
Results All five groups recorded the outcomes that they established. For our bench, we found that nine raddish seeds in the control dish, zero raddish seeds in the eucalyptus dish, and four radish seeds in the lemon dish germinated and sprouted.Our bench also found that the average seed length for the control was thirty one millimeters, for the Eucalyptus was zero. and for the Lemon was eight and a half.
Below, is a chart and graph that shows the whole data as averages from all five benches. Each bench did the exact same experiment so we knew nothing would be biased. Amount of Radish Seeds Germinated TreatmentAverage Number of Seeds Germinated per DisshPercent Germination Control9. 494% Eucalyptus00% Lemon2.
828% Chart: The above chart shows how many radish seeds were germinated and sprouted.The right column shows the percentage of seeds that germinated for each treatment
out of one hundred. Figure: The figure above shows the different size of the germinated plant stems. The data shows clearly the differences in these percentages.
Discussion My findings were great. They showed the effects that a control, Eucalyptus, and Lemon had on the germination of Radish seeds. This experiment can also be used to help explain allelopathy. In the Chart above, it shows that the control allowed the most seeds to germinate, as well as the Eucalyptus allowed no seeds to germinate.The Graph above shows that the control were able to survive and grow the most, while the Lemon allowed a little growth, and the Eucalyptus allowed no growth at all. By these findings, it is safe to say that Lemons and Eucalyptus are allelopathic plants because they both had effect on the germination and growth of the Radish seeds.
I also found that our result were very similar to the rest of the groups. Our nine seeds that germinated was very close to the average of the class of 9. 4. The rest of our results were similar to the class averages as well.This was very good.
It helped to prove the point that the same thing will happen over and over. In conclusion, I found that the Lemon and Eucalyptus are both allelopathic plants and that Eucalyptus had much more of an impact to the Radish seeds. My hypothesis was correct. Eucalyptus did not let a single Radish seed germinate or grow. The Lemon had an impact on the growth and germination of the Radish seeds also.
This just shows that both the treatments I used in the experiment are allelopathic. Work
Sited: Ahmad, H. Khalil. Khan, Ejaz Ahmad. Khan, M.
Ayyaz.Khan, Fateh Ullah. 2004. Allelopathic Effects Of Eucalyptus Leaf Extracts On Germination And Growth Of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.
). Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res.
10(3-4):145-150, Retrieved October 12, 2007. http://www. wssp. org. pk/10348.
htm Macias, Fransico A. , Molinillo, Galindo, Juan CG. , Jose MG. , Varela, Rosa M..
April 2007. Pest Management Science. West Sussex: Vol. 63, Iss. 4; pg. 327.
October 12, 2007. http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=0&did=1233425501&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1192222613&clientId=30291Putnam, A. R. 1984.
Allelopathic chemicals. Can natural plant herbicides help control weeds. Weeds Today 15:6-8. Shimabukuro, Mary A. and Haberman, Vickie. 2006.
An Aromatic Adventure with Allelopathy: Using Garlic To Study Allelopathy In The Classroom. The American Biology Teacher. Vol. 68, Iss.
4:; pg. 242, 6 pages. Retrieved October 12, 2007 from Proquest via http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=0&did=1033279431&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=4&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1192220863&clientId=30291
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