Chapter 12 Test Review (2015-2016) – Flashcards
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Who was James Monroe?
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He was the 5th president and president during the "Era of Good Feelings."
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Who was John Quincy Adams?
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He was the 6th president and winner of the 1824 election.
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Who was Andrew Jackson?
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He was the 7th president and winner of the 1828 and 1832 elections.
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Who was Henry Clay?
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He was a candidate in the 1824 and 1832 elections, Secretary of State for John Quincy Adams, and a leader of the Whig party.
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Who was Peggy Eaton?
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She was a friend of Andrew Jackson whose scandalous past led to President Jackson firing most of the members of his Cabinet.
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Who was John C. Calhoun?
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He was Andrew Jackson's first Vice President and leader of the South Carolina protests over tariffs during the nullification crisis.
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Who was Nicholas Biddle?
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He was the president of the Bank of the United States.
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Who was Martin Van Buren?
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He was Andrew Jackson's second Vice President, the 8th president of the United States, and the winner of the 1836 election.
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Who was William Henry Harrison?
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He was the 9th president and winner of the 1840 election.
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Who was John Tyler?
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He was William Henry Harrison's Vice President, and he became the 10th president after Harrison died in office.
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What was the Era of Good Feelings?
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This was the nickname of James Monroe's presidency.
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What was the Monroe Doctrine?
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This was the name of the U.S. foreign policy warning European nations not to interfere in Latin America.
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What was the Adams-Onis Treaty?
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This was the treaty between the U.S. and Spain that led to the U.S. getting Florida.
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What is nationalism?
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This term means pride and devotion to your country.
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What is sectionalism?
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This term means pride and loyalty to a state or section of the country rather than to the nation.
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What is mudslinging?
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This term means to use insults to attack an opponent's reputation.
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What is New Democracy?
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This term refers to the spreading of political power to the common people.
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What is suffrage?
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This terms refers to the right to vote.
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What was the spoils system?
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This term refers to the practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs.
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What was the "Kitchen Cabinet"?
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This term refers to the group of unofficial advisors to President Andrew Jackson who met in the White House kitchen.
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What was the Tariff of Abominations?
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This term refers to the nickname southerners gave to the Tariff of 1828, which had raised taxes on imported manufactured goods.
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What does secede mean?
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This term means to leave.
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What does nullify or nullification mean?
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This term means to cancel.
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What is states' rights?
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This term refers to the right of states to limit the power of the federal government.
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What was the Nullification Act?
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This term refers to an act passed by the state of South Carolina that declared the Tariff of 1832 to be illegal.
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What was the Force Bill?
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This term refers to an act that would have allowed President Andrew Jackson to use military force to enforce the collection of the tariff of 1832.
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What was the Compromise Tariff of 1833?
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This term refers to a tariff act created by Henry Clay that lowered the 1828 and 1832 tariffs.
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What was the Indian Removal Act?
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This term refers to an act that forced the Native Americans in the southeast to move west of the Mississippi River.
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What was the Trail of Tears?
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This term refers to the name of the forced march, taken by the Cherokee Indians, to lands west of the Mississippi River.
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What was Specie Circular?
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This term refers to a law that required that federal lands could only be purchased with gold or silver.
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What does depression mean?
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This term refers to a severe economic crisis when business activity slows, prices and wages fall, and the unemployment rate rises.
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Why was President James Monroe's presidency known as the "Era of Good Feelings"?
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Monroe's presidency is referred to as the "Era of Good Feelings" because it was a period of time when nationalism grew and only one political party existed.
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What were the election results in the 1824 election?
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Andrew Jackson won the popular vote and had the most votes in the electoral college, but not enough votes to win the electoral college.
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What was the role of the House of Representatives in the 1824 election?
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The House of Representatives had to choose the winner of the 1824 election from the top three candidates (Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and William Crawford)
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Who won the 1824 election?
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John Quincy Adams was the winner
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Why was the 1824 election known as the "Corrupt Bargain"?
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The 1824 election was called the "Corrupt Bargain" because it is alleged the Speaker of the House Henry Clay convinced members of the House of Representatives to vote for John Quincy Adams for president in exchange for Clay becoming the new Secretary of State.
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Why was President John Quincy Adams an unpopular president?
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President John Quincy Adams was unpopular because people believed he had cheated to win the 1824 election.
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Why is the 1828 election considered one of the meanest in U.S. History?
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John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, and their supporters spread lies and rumors about each other in the campaign of 1828.
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Who won the 1828 election?
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Andrew Jackson was the winner.
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What was the Whig Party?
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The name of the political party created by supporters of John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay.
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What was the Democratic Party?
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The name of the political party created by supporters of Andrew Jackson.
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Why was President Andrew Jackson criticized for supporting the spoils system?
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President Jackson was criticized for giving government jobs to people who were not qualified for the jobs.
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What occurred during the Peggy Eaton Affair?
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Peggy Eaton was married to a member of President Jackson's Cabinet, and rumors were spread about her, and Jackson had to defend her honor.
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What effect did the Peggy Eaton Affair have on President Jackson's presidency and Cabinet?
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All of President Jackson's Cabinet was fired or resigned because of this incident.
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Why did President Andrew Jackson dislike the Bank of the United States?
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President Jackson believed the Bank was too powerful and only benefited the wealthy.
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Why did Jackson veto the Bank bill?
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President Jackson vetoed the bank bill because he thought the bank was corrupt and too powerful.
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What were the "pet banks"?
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This term refers to the state banks run by President Jackson's supporters, where he deposited all federal money after vetoing the bank bill.
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Why was President Andrew Jackson called "King Andrew" and "King Veto"?
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President Jackson vetoed many bills and worked to make the president and the executive branch stronger and more powerful.
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Why did Southerners dislike the Tariff of 1828?
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This group of people disliked the bank because it made goods bought from Europe more expensive, and they felt it unfairly benefitted the North.
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Why did Northerners support the Tariff of 1828?
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This group of people liked the bank because it helped their economy and supported manufacturing. It also protected their businesses from foreign competition.
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What was South Carolina's reaction to the Tariff of 1828?
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This state hated the Tariff of 1828 and refused to pay it.
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What did South Carolina threaten to do because of the Tariff of 1828?
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This state threatened to secede from the Union unless the tariff was repealed.
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What was President Andrew Jackson's view on states' rights?
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President Jackson did not think that states had the right to nullify laws.
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Why did South Carolina agree to repeal the Nullification Act?
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South Carolina agreed to repeal the Nullification Act because Congress agreed to lower the tariff.
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What was South Carolina's reaction to the Compromise Tariff?
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South Carolina nullified the Force Bill in protest after agreeing to the Compromise Tariff.
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What led to the resignation of Vice President John C. Calhoun?
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Disagreements with President Jackson over states' rights and nullification led to the resignation.
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Why did President Jackson and white settlers in the southeastern part of the United States want Native Americans to move west during the 1830s?
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President Jackson and white settlers wanted the land and wanted to be able to expand slavery in the south and west.
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What did President Andrew Jackson want to do with the Native Americans who lived on lands in the southeast?
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President Jackson wanted to move the tribes living in the southeast to lands west of the Mississippi River.
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What was the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Worcester v. Georgia?
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The Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee Indians did not have to give up their land.
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How did President Andrew Jackson react to the U.S. Supreme Court case of Worcester v. Georgia?
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President Jackson ignored the ruling of the Court and forced the Cherokee Indians to move west.
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Who was the winner of the 1836 election?
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Martin Van Buren was the winner.
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What was the major problem during President Martin Van Buren's presidency?
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The major problem was a three year long economic depression.
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What helped cause the Panic of 1837?
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Large sums of money were borrowed from the banks and not paid back.
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What were some of the effects of the Panic of 1837?
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People lost their jobs, businesses closed, and prices of goods increased.
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Who was the winner of the 1840 election?
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William Henry Harrison was the winner.
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What happened to President William Henry Harrison after becoming president?
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He became ill shortly after taking over as president and died after 31 days in office. He was the first Whig President and first to die in office.
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Who became president after President William Henry Harrison's death?
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John Tyler.
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Why did Whigs not support President John Tyler?
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The Whigs disagreed with many of his ideas.
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Why did most of John Tyler's Cabinet resign?
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Many resigned because they were upset that President Tyler vetoed a bill that would have brought back the Bank of the United States.
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What did President Van Buren try to do to end the Panic of 1837?
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President Van Buren tried to set up a better banking system.
