question

Since 1970, marijuana has been officially classified in the United States as a controlled substance in the same category as A. barbiturates B. herion C. cocaine D. antianxiety medication (tranquilizers)

answer

B. heroin

question

The potential for drug abuse in general presents a greater challenge for A. men than for women B. African Americans than for Latinos C. Young people than for the elderly D. none of the above

answer

D. none of the above

question

Which of the following is NOT an illicit drug in the United States? A. cocaine B. heroin C. nicotine D. ketamine

answer

C. nicotine

question

Which of the following is an illicit drug in the United States? A. alcohol B. nicotine C. caffeine D. LSD

answer

D. LSD

question

Analogy: illicit drugs are to cocaine as licit drugs are to A. crack B. heroin C. alcohol D.ecstasy

answer

C. alcohol

question

According to the text, drugs such as alcohol and nicotine are referred to as A. illegal drugs B. licit drugs C. illicit drugs D. over-the-counter drugs

answer

B. licit drugs

question

Signs of drug dependence include: A. intense cravings for the drug B. need for increasingly greater quantities of the drug to get the same desired effect C. becoming preoccupied with drug-taking behavior D. all of the above

answer

D. all of the above

question

Which statement is true? A. All psychoactive drugs produce dependence B. Some psychoactive drugs produce dependence C. Only illicit psychoactive drugs produce dependence D. All dependence-producing drugs are illicit

answer

B. Some psychoactive drugs produce dependence

question

By the definition used in the textbook, a chemical substance would be considered a drug if A. it intoxicated you B. it had an impact on brain functioning C. it served as a nutrient for your body D. both A and B

answer

D. both A and B

question

An over-the-counter cold remedy taken fora cold would be classified as a(n) A. licit drug for instrumental use B. illicit drug for instrumental use C. licit drug for recreational use D. illicit drug for recreational use

answer

A. licit drug for instrumental use

question

Alcohol and nicotine generally belong to a category of A. licit drugs for instrumental use B. licit drugs for recreational use C. illicit drugs for recreational use D. illicit drugs for instrumental use

answer

B. licit drugs for recreational use

question

Analogy: Licit recreational drug use is to smoking a cigarette as illicit recreational drug use is to A. smoking marijuana B. drinking a caffeinated beverage C. injecting heroin D. both A and C

answer

D. both A and C

question

Cathy needs to stay awake to study for her psychology midterm, so she defies to take an amphetamine to keep from falling asleep. In this case, the drug has a(n)____use. A. recreational B. instrumental C. pre-instrumental D. pre-creational

answer

B. instrumental

question

Dr. Smith recommends that drinking four ounces of an alcoholic beverage per day to his patient. The use of alcohol in this case is best described as A. illicit B. instrumental C. recreational D. forensic

answer

B. instrumental

question

Instances in which a prescription or nonprescription drug is used in an inappropriate way are regarded as A. illicit drug-taking behavior B. extremely rare C. drug misuse D. drug abuse

answer

C. drug misuse

question

Which of the following is an example of drug misuse? A. taking a sleeping pill while drinking beer B. taking your mother's prescription pain medication for a toothache C. taking aspirin after its expiration date D. all of the above

answer

D. all of the above

question

A particularly dangerous situation can result when medications are combined with A. caffeine B. alcohol C. nicotine D. excessive water

answer

B.

question

Instances of drug abuse involve A. illicit drugs only B. licit drugs only C. instrumental use of drugs D. licit or illicit drugs

answer

D.

question

Which of the following plants has (have) been sources of hallucinogenic effects? A. morning glories B. yellow-orange fruits on cacti C. certain types of mushrooms D. all of the above

answer

D.

question

Analogy: Willow bark is to senna as A. aspirin is to laxative B. hallucinogenic is to non-hallucinogenic c poisonous is to non-poisonous D. constipation is to headache

answer

A.

question

A shaman is A. a primitive healer B. an "extinct" cultural phenomenon C. an individual who relies upon elaborate rituals D. often appointed at random among young females in a tribe

answer

A.

question

Which statement is NOT true? A. Shamans still exist in some areas of the world B. The decline of shamanism was due to the development of centralized religions in Egyptian and Babylon societies C. Shamanism was eventually replaced by a more extreme form in certain parts of the world and then died out completely D. Modern shamanic healing utilizes hallucination-producing plants

answer

C.

question

The Ebers Papyrus contained A. the secrets to the location of medicinal herbs hidden in royal tombs B. totally useless remedies for common diseases C. recipes for preparations used in medical treatment D. ancient Babylonian writings that were later found to be a hoax

answer

C.

question

Analogy: Placebo effect is to a genuine effect as A. ancient is to modern B. physiological is to psychological C. shamans are to priests D. psychological is to physiological

answer

A.

question

Viking warriors known as Berserkers displayed wild behavior due to ingestion of which psychoactive drug? A. DMT B. Amanita muscaria, also known as fly agaric C. Bupromorphine D. Berserkium

answer

B.

question

The toads that were often included in "witch's brew" recipes A. were quite poisonous B. produced hallucinatory and blood-pressure elevating effects C. were effective only by virtue of a placebo effect D. had no effect whatsoever

answer

B.

question

________ is the primary active ingredient in opium. A. Cocaine B. Morphine C. Nicotine D. Heroin

answer

B.

question

Analogy: Edward Jenner is to Louis Pasteur as A. smallpox is to rabies B. bromides are to chloral hydrate C. a placebo effect is to a vaccine D. morphine is to opium

answer

A.

question

Patent medicines in the 1800s were purchased through A. peddlers B. general stores C. mail-order advertisements D. all of the above

answer

D.

question

Patent medicines in the 19th century contained: A. opium, heroin, and nicotine B. opium, cocaine, and heroin C. alcohol, cocaine, and nicotine D. opium, cocaine, and alcohol

answer

D.

question

Laudanum was a drink containing which psychoactive drug? A. cocaine B. alcohol and cocaine C. opium D. extract of laudanum

answer

C.

question

Opium use in the 19th century was A. limited to the wealthy B. primarily associated with the poor C. associated with practically everyone D. limited to infants and children

answer

C.

question

The attraction of opium used prior to 1900 was related to its being A. cheap B. legal C. easily available D. all of the above

answer

D.

question

Which of the following was regarded as a respectable way to use opium? A. snorting it B. smoking it C. injecting it D. drinking it

answer

D.

question

Which of the following was regarded as a degrading and immoral way to use opium? A. snorting it B. smoking it C. injecting it D. drinking it

answer

B.

question

In the 19th century, opium-drinking was A. associated with Coca-Cola beverages B. another name for opium-smoking C. generally tolerated and considered respectable D. associated with Chinese immigrants in America

answer

C.

question

Until 1903, Coca-Cola contained which of the following psychoactive drugs? A. opium B. cocaine C. alcohol D. a combination of opium and alcohol

answer

B.

question

A prominent 19th-century advocate of cocaine use was A. Louis Pasteur B. Alexander Fleming C. Edward Jenner D. Sigmund Freud

answer

D.

question

f you were alive in 1900, you would consider heroin to be A. safe and completely legal B. a dangerous alternative to morphine C. belonging to the cocaine family of drugs D. a menace to society

answer

A.

question

In the early 20th century, for which of the following disorders would heroin NOT have been advised as a medicine? A. pneumonia B. smallpox C. tuberculosis D. morphine addiction

answer

B.

question

The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the temperance movement in general were dedicated to the prohibition of which psychoactive drug? A. alcohol B. cocaine C. marijuana D. all drugs

answer

A.

question

The 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution restricted which of the following psychoactive drugs? A. heroin and other opiates B. cocaine C. tobacco D. alcohol

answer

D.

question

The Prohibition era in U.S. history is associated with which prohibited drug? A. opium B. cocaine C. alcohol D. marijuana

answer

C

question

The social problems associated with the Prohibition era have often been cited as an argument against A. prevention programs for drug abuse B. restricting drugs in general C. encouraging chronic alcohol abuse D. all of the above

answer

B.

question

Some molds and fungi have been sources of which class of drugs? A. drugs effective in treating schizophrenia B. drugs effective in treating bacterial infections C. drugs effective in treating constipation D. aspirin and other headache medications

answer

B.

question

Chlorpromazine was an early A. antibiotic drug B. antispasmodic drug C. antischizophrenia drug D. antidiuretic drug

answer

C.

question

Which decade is generally associated with the beginning of drug use among middle-class young Americans? A. 1920s B. 1940s C. 1950s D. 1960s

answer

D.

question

Neuroscience research has focused upon which of the following aspects of the body? A. the functioning of the brain B. the workings of the small and large intestines C. the processes underlying bacterial infections D. the cardiovascular system

answer

A.

question

The name for a branch of science joining the efforts of biochemists, pharmacologists, psychologists, and psychiatrists, among others in order to study brain functioning is A. psychopharmacology B. endocrinology C. neuroscience D. neurology

answer

C

question

Neuroscience examines A. the relationship between psychology and biology B. the relationship between brain functioning and biology C. the relationship between brain functioning and human behavior D. the relationship between pharmacology and brain functioning

answer

C

question

Crack is defined as A. a smokable form of opium B. a smokable form of cocaine C. a smokable form of heroin D. an injectable form of tobacco

answer

B.

question

In the 1980s, cocaine was A. considered very glamorous B. very inexpensive C. getting a great deal of media attention D. both A and C.

answer

D

question

The most recent attitude toward drug-taking behavior considers A. a wide range of licit and illicit drugs with varying levels of potential for misuse or abuse B. an increasingly narrow definition of psychoactive drugs C. criteria that effectively exclude alcohol and nicotine from being classified as drugs D. problems associated with illicit drugs to the exclusion of problems associated with licit drugs

answer

A

question

According to the text, a recent study has found that A. prior marijuana drug use among parents leads to increased marijuana use by their children B. prior marijuana drug use among parents leads to a slightly decreased level of marijuana use by their children C. prior marijuana drug use among parents leads to absolutely no marijuana use by their children D. there is no relationship between marijuana drug use among parents and marijuana drug use of their children

answer

D

question

The University of Michigan survey is based upon reports of drug-taking behavior among A. college students B. eighth, tenth, and twelfth grade students C. young adults D. all of the above

answer

D

question

A major disadvantage of the University of Michigan survey is that A. high school dropouts are not included B. it is conducted every five years C. college students are included D. it has only been conducted since 1995

answer

A

question

In 1979, about _____ of U.S. high school seniors had reported illicit drug use. A. 3/4 B. 1/2 C. 1/8 D. 1/4

answer

B

question

Advantages of repeating the University of Michigan survey year after year include all of the following EXCEPT: A. it allows us to examine trends in drug-taking behavior over time B. it allows us to compare the use of one drug relative to another C. it allows prevalence rates to be examined from year to year D. it allows us to examine the effects of drug-taking behavior on the participant sample as they grow up

answer

D

question

Whether drug use has occurred within the previous 30 days is an indication of A. drug experimentation B. moderate drug use C. heavy drug use D. the social problems associated with drug-taking behavior

answer

B

question

According to the University of Michigan survey, in 2008 about _____ of U.S. high school seniors had used an illicit drug during the previous year. A. 17 percent B. 37 percent C. 63 percent D. 77 percent

answer

B

question

Illicit drug experimentation among high school seniors in 2008 has been reported to be A. less than figures reported in 1979 B. more than figures reported in 1979 C. practically equal to figures reported in 1979 D. at a record low, since the University of Michigan survey began in 1975

answer

A

question

Relative to 1996, the prevalence rate in 2008 among eighth graders has declined for A. amphetamines B. cigarettes C. marijuana D. all of the above

answer

D

question

Studies following the lives of young adults for as long as fourteen years after their graduation from high school show that a return to drug use after years of abstinence frequently follows which of the following life-events? A. raising a family B. marriage C. job relocation D. divorce

answer

D

question

In 2008, high school seniors reported drinking an alcoholic beverage in the previous month at a prevalence rate that was approximately ______ the rate reported with respect to illicit drugs in the previous month. A. three times B. one-half C. two times D. the same as

answer

C

question

According to the 2008 University of Michigan survey, almost one-half of high school seniors reported having consumed ______ in the past month. A. alcohol B. cigarettes C. cocaine D. a hallucinogenic drug

answer

A

question

According to the University of Michigan survey, binge drinking is defined as consuming _____ or more alcoholic drinks in a row. A. 5 B. 7 C. 10 D. 15

answer

A

question

Alcohol use among _____ has declined since 1980 to a lesser degree than alcohol use among high school seniors. A. college students B. eighth graders C. tenth graders D. high school dropouts

answer

A

question

According to the text, it is likely that the decline of alcohol consumption from the 1980s to the present among high school seniors has been attributed to A. the increased use of cigarette smoking B. the reduced accessibility to alcohol for minors C. the "know when to say when" message promoted by beer companies D. a substantial increase in every other category of drug-taking behavior

answer

B

question

The most frequently used drug on a daily basis by high school students is A. alcohol B. marijuana C. nicotine D. some form of inhalants

answer

C

question

In comparison to rates of nicotine use among high school seniors in 1977, current usage rates among high school seniors are A. higher B. lower C. the same D. rates fluctuate too often to be accurate

answer

B

question

When compared to high school seniors, fewer college students smoke cigarettes. This statistic is due to: A. a change in smoking behavior from high school to college B. the heaviest smokers not being included in the college population C. college students having less access to cigarettes D. both A and C

answer

B

question

Non-college bound high school seniors are ___ times more likely to smoke at least a half a pack of cigarettes a day than college bound high school seniors. A. 2 B. 2 1⁄2 C. 3 D. 3 1⁄2

answer

B

question

Societal changes in the 1990s which the text cites as reasons why youngsters did not have a tendency to view regular drug use as dangerous include A. lack of drug abuse prevention programs in schools B. poor communication between parents and children regarding drugs C. lack of anti-drug public service messages in the media D. all of the above

answer

D

question

According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health survey, about _____ of adults aged 26 or older in 2007 have used an illicit drug within the previous year. A. 4 percent B. 6 percent C. 11 percent D. 30 percent

answer

C

question

A major limitation in interpreting the University of Michigan survey of adults is that A. millions of adults refused to participate B. fewer adults were surveyed compared to high school seniors C. institutionalized patients and homeless people failed to be represented in the sample D. adults were more likely to report false data

answer

C

question

When asked about their motivation for drug use, high school seniors have frequently cited A. dissatisfaction with their parents B. parental abuse C. economic hardship D. peer influence

answer

D

question

Vulnerability toward drug-taking behavior is shaped by which type(s) of factors in a person's life A. risk factors B. protective factors C. conjoint factors D. both A and B

answer

D

question

Analogy: Risk factors are to protective factors as: A. illicit drug use is to licit drug use B. daily drug use is to recreational drug use C. more likely to use drugs is to less likely to use drugs D. drug abuse is to drug misuse

answer

C

question

Which factor is considered a risk factor for drug use? A. socioeconomic status B. membership in a deviant subculture C. high self-esteem D. overly strong parent-child attachment

answer

B

question

Generally speaking, as the number of risk factors ____, the likelihood of drug use ____. A. increases; decreases B. decreases; increases C. increases; increases D. there is no relationship

answer

C

question

The leading risk factor(s) for marijuana use include A. potential approval/disapproval of friends by one's parents B. degree of marijuana availability C. inclination towards other drug use D. all of the above

answer

D

question

Which is NOT a protective factor for drug use? A. parent's educational level B. closeness to an adult outside the family C. easy availability of drugs in one's environment D. socially conforming attitudes

answer

C

question

Having six or more protective factors in one's life produces the following: A. It lowers the level of resistance against drug use B. It raises the level of resistance against drug use C. It does next to nothing D. Sometimes it lowers the level of resistance, sometimes not

answer

B

question

According to a study cited in the text, as the number of protective factors _____, the resistance to drug use ______. A. increased; decreased B. decreased; increased C. increased; increased D. there was no relationship

answer

C

question

Developmental assets have been found to increase the resistance toward A. illicit drug use B. problem alcohol use C. high-risk behaviors, such as sexual activity and violence D. all of the above

answer

D

question

Drug use involving a hypodermic syringe carries a particular risk of A. creating a cycle of dependence B. being infected by the virus responsible for AIDS C. heroin abuse D. cocaine abuse

answer

B

question

In the 1990s, heroin regained popularity in part because: A. injecting heroin with syringes became safer B. snorting heroin attracted new users who previously avoided heroin due to fears of injecting it C. it became a trend to use heroin while snorting cocaine D. all of the above

answer

B

question

________ refer to substances often ingested at all-night dance parties. A. rave drugs B. club drugs C. night drugs D. underground drugs

answer

B

question

One of the following is NOT considered a "club drug." A. smokable heroin B. MDMA (Ecstasy) C. ketamine D. LSD

answer

A

question

What is particularly dangerous about many club drugs? A. they are colorless, odorless, and tasteless B. they can be slipped into drinks unobtrusively C. they have been used in sexual assault cases D. all of the above

answer

D

question

Which is true about dietary supplements? A. They are used by a very small proportion of the U.S. population. B. They are not officially classified as drugs. C. They are required to meet the same safety standards as prescription drugs D. Rohypnol and MDMA are examples.

answer

B

question

According to a federal ruling in 2000, toward which physical conditions can dietary supplements claim to be directed? A. aging and menopause B. diabetes and cancer C. heart disease and stroke D. syphilis and other venereal diseases

answer

A

question

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 A. ensures that all dietary supplements are safe and effective B. requires that the supplement must include a disclaimer saying "the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not evaluated the product" C. recognizes dietary supplements as drugs so that they must fit FDA criteria D. ensures dietary supplements have gone through rigorous review and evaluation procedures before being available to the public

answer

B

question

An "herbal high" generally refers to the recreational use of A. dietary supplements B. raw sugar C. marijuana D. heroin

answer

B

question

Medicines containing dextromethorphan were first banned from being sold to minors under the age of 18 in A. Chicago B. Alabama C. New York D. California

answer

C

question

Dextromethorphan can be found in _______, and in high doses can increase risk of brain damage, seizure, and death. A. OxyContin B. Tylenol C. aspirin products D. cough-and-cold medications

answer

D

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