question

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) ________ is not merely an absence of disease or infirmity, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

answer

health

question

T or F: In 1900, the average life expectancy in America was half of what it is today.

answer

True

question

Infectious communicable diseases are transmitted from one person to another through a series of steps or links, called the __________________________ .

answer

chain of infection

question

T or F: Infectious communicable diseases have been replaced by chronic degenerative diseases (heart disease, cancer, and stroke) as the leading causes of death in the U.S.

answer

True

question

Keep in mind that we don't just want to live longer, we want to live ___________ longer.

answer

healthier

question

Improving wellness will probably involve _________________

answer

changing behavior

question

Health is a ______________, not something you just "get"

answer

process

question

In most cases, those who are healthy and thriving in later years set the stage for good health by making it a priority in their _______________ years.

answer

early

question

Inadequate ____________________ is one of the most commonly reported impediments to academic success.

answer

sleep

question

successful aging starts ______________

answer

now

question

With the development of _____________ and ____________ , life expectancy increased dramatically as premature deaths from infectious diseases decreased. As a result, ____________ diseases such as heart disease and cancer became leading causes of death.

answer

vaccines, antibiotics chronic

question

Healthful choices increase your ___________ life expectancy—the number of years of full health you enjoy without disability, chronic pain, or significant illness. One aspect of healthy life expectancy is _________________________________ (HRQoL), a concept that focuses on the impact of health on physical, mental, emotional, and social function. Closely related to this is ,_______________, which assesses the positive aspects of a person's life, such as positive emotions and life situations.

answer

healthy, health related quality of life, well-being

question

Achieving wellness means attaining the _______________ level of well-being for your unique limitations and strengths, emphasizing the balanced integration of mind, body, and spirit.

answer

optimal

question

Today, the words ___________ and __________ are often used interchangeably to describe the dynamic, ever-changing process of trying to achieve one's potential in each of the six interrelated dimensions of health: physical, social, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, and environmental.

answer

health and wellness

question

Today, health and wellness mean taking a positive, _______ attitude toward life and living it to the fullest

answer

proactive

question

Public health experts refer to the factors that influence health as _____________________ , a term the U.S. Surgeon General defines as "the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status.

answer

determinants of health

question

List the Healthy People 2020 Determinants of Health that impact the health of individuals and communities

answer

individual behavior, biology and genetics, social factors, health services, and policymaking

question

__________ disease causing agents, are everywhere. we inhale them, we swallow them, rub them in our eyes, and are constantly in a hidden highstakes battle with them

answer

pathogens

question

Despite the constant bombardment by pathogens, our ____________ are usually adept at protecting us.

answer

immune system

question

Most infectious diseases are ________ , or caused by the interaction of several factors inside and outside the person. For an infection to occur, three key conditions known as the epidemiological triad of disease must be met. The _______ , ________, and ___________ must be conducive to overcoming the body's elaborate defense systems.

answer

multifactorial; agent, host, environment

question

To reduce your risk of infectious disease, limit exposure to pathogens, ________ regularly, get enough ________, _____ less, and optimize _______

answer

exercise, sleep, stress, eating

question

Bacteria evolve and develop ways to survive drugs that previously killed them. Some microorganisms that were easily dealt with a few decades ago are becoming " ________________" that cannot be stopped with existing medications.

answer

superbugs

question

To reduce your risk of antibiotic resistance, be responsible with ________ , use ________ soap when washing your hands, and avoid _______ treated with antibiotics.

answer

medications, regular, food

question

To gain entry into your body, pathogens much overcome _________ that prevent them from entering, mechanisms that ________ organisms, and substances that counteract the _______ that these organisms pose.

answer

barriers, weaken, threat

question

our most critical early defense system is our _______

answer

skin

question

______ is a condition of being able to resist a particular disease by counteracting the substance that produces the disease

answer

immunity

question

Any substance capable of triggering an immune response—a virus, bacterium, fungus, parasite, toxin, tissue or cell from another organism, or even chemicals from the environment—is called an .

answer

antigen

question

when a pathogen breaches initial, outer defenses, the body responds by forming _____ specific to that antigen, which are designed to destroy or weaken it

answer

antibodies

question

in cell-mediated immunity, after a successful attack on a pathogen, some attacker T and B cells are preserved as __________ enabling the body to recognize and respond quickly to subsequent attacks by the same kind of organism. Once people have survived certain infectious diseases, they will likely not develop them again

answer

memory t and b cells

question

the 4 cardinal signs of _________ are redness, swelling, pain, and heat

answer

inflammation

question

in addition to inflammation, another frequent indicator of infection is ________, which stimulates the body to produce more white blood cells and provides an environment that destroys some disease causing organisms

answer

fever

question

a _______ consists of killed or weakened versions of a disease-causing microorganism or an antigen that is similar to but less dangerous then the disease antigen. The dose given produces antibodies against future attacks without actually causing the __________ (or by causing a very minor case of it)

answer

vaccine, disease

question

T or F: vaccines are a form of natural acquired immunity

answer

false

question

an increasing number of chronic diseases are being linked to the _______ that occurs certain pathogens invade. avoiding infections and their inflammatory side effects now has the added benefit that is may help you avoid chronic diseases later

answer

inflammation

question

T or F: Although there are several known species of bacteria (and many more unknown) only just over 100 are known to cause disease in humans

answer

True

question

Patient ________ and _______ prescription practices have contributed to a generation of "super bugs" as weaker bacteria have been killed and successive generations of bacteria mutate to become resistant.

answer

misuse, improper

question

_____ quarters, such as college dorms, are prime breeding grounds for some contagious diseases

answer

close

question

______ are incapable of carrying out any life processes on their own

answer

viruses

question

some viruses have _________ (the length of time required to develop fully and cause symptoms in their hosts) that last for years, which delays diagnosis

answer

incubation periods

question

Drug treatment for viral infections is _________ because drugs powerful enough to kill viruses generally kill the hosts cells too

answer

limited

question

Colds are __________ (always present to some degree) throughout the world, with increasing prevalence in colder weather as people spend more time indoors. Otherwise healthy people carry cold viruses in their noses and throats most of the time, held in check until immune defenses are _________

answer

endemic, weakened

question

It is possible to "catch" a __________—through airborne transmission, touching skin-to-skin, or mucous membrane contact—and the hands are the greatest avenue for transmitting colds and other viruses.

answer

cold

question

once a person gets the flu, treatment is __________ -focused on relief of symptoms, rather than cure.

answer

palliative

question

T or F: The best way to avoid the flu is to get an annual vaccination (flu shot) against it.

answer

True

question

Flu shots take 2 to 3 weeks to become effective, so it's best to get shots in the ______, before the flu season begins.

answer

fall

question

Fungal diseases typically transmit via physical contact, so avoid going _____________ in public showers, hotel rooms, and other areas where fungus may be present, and use care in choosing where you go for pedicures

answer

barefoot

question

as stated in class, _______ is key when it comes to risk factors that can affect our health bc it is easier to make minor changes now than have to make major changes later

answer

Moderation?

question

Both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are _______ diseases, meaning they are prolonged, do not resolve spontaneously, and are rarely cured completely.

answer

chronic

question

The good news is that in many cases, _________ factors can be changed or modified to decrease disease risks for both CVD and cancer.

answer

lifestyle

question

CVD are diseases associated with the _________________ and _____________

answer

heart, blood vessels

question

The best defense against CVD is to reduce your risks and _________ it from developing in the first place

answer

prevent

question

At rest, the average adult heart beats ___ to ____ times per minute; a well-conditioned heart may beat only ___ to ____ ties per minute to achieve the same results

answer

70 to 80; 50 to 60

question

If your resting heart rate is routinely in the high _____ or _____, it may indicate that you are out of shape or suffering from some underlying illness

answer

80s or 90s

question

__________ measures how hard blood pushes against the walls of vessels as your heart pumps

answer

blood pressure

question

hypertension (high blood pressure) is known as the "_________________" because it has few clear symptoms

answer

silent killer

question

T or F: Normal blood pressure varies depending on age, weight, and physical condition.

answer

True

question

More and more people (over 30% of the population) are considered to be _____________ meaning that their blood pressure is above normal, but not yet in the hypertentive range.

answer

prehypertensive

question

Heart disease ranks _________ among causes of death in the United States.

answer

#1

question

______________ thickening and hardening of arteries, is a condition that underlies many cardiovascular health problems.

answer

arteriosclerosis

question

as ______________ accumulates, it adheres to the inner lining of the blood vessels. Vessel walls become narrow and may eventually _________ flow or rupture

answer

plaque, block blood

question

________________ is the leading cause of disability in people over the age of 50.

answer

peripheral artery disease (PAD)

question

Of all the major cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease (CHD) is the greatest _____________

answer

killer

question

T or F: Because of treatment delays, women are more likely to have heart damage and to die from a heart attack than are men of the same age.

answer

true

question

Although angina pectoris is not a heart attack, it is an ___________ of underlying heart disease.

answer

indicator

question

Like heart muscle, brain cells require a continuous supply of ________________ and when it is interrupted, a stroke can occur.

answer

oxygen

question

more _____________ people are having strokes than ever before, possibly due to increased obesity and hypertension.

answer

young

question

Many strokes are preceded days, weeks, or months earlier by ____________________ , brief interruptions of the blood supply to the brain that cause only temporary impairment. These often indicate an impending major stroke.

answer

transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)

question

The earlier a stroke if recognized and treatment started (best results within the first ________ hours), the more effective that treatment will be.

answer

1-2

question

The acronym FAST stands for facial __________, arm ________ , _________ difficulty, and time to act and ______________ .

answer

droop, weakness, speech, call 911

question

A cluster of combined cardiometabolic risks labeled as _______________________ is believed to increase the risk for atherosclerotic heart disease by as much as three times the normal rates.

answer

syndrome x, insulin resistance syndrome, or metabolic syndrome

question

_________ you choose today and over the coming decades can actively reduce or promote your risk for CVD

answer

behaviors

question

to reduce your risk of CVD, it is recommended to avoid _________, cut back on fat and cholesterol, maintain a healthy __________, ________ regularly, manage ___________, and control diabetes and blood pressure.

answer

tobacco, weight, exercise, stress

question

T or F: The foods you eat play a major role in your CVD risk.

answer

true

question

cancer is the abnormal, _____ growth of cells, which, if left untreated can ultimately cause death

answer

uncontrolled

question

by definition, the term cancer applies only to _________ tumors

answer

malignant

question

______ cancer is the leading cause of cancer death

answer

lung

question

T or F: Smoking is the number one risk factor for lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.

answer

True

question

_____________ detection is the key to the successful treatment of breast and testicular cancer.

answer

early

question

______ cancer is the most common form of cancer in men ages 15-55

answer

testicular

question

_______ cancer is the most common cancer of all when cases of the highly curable forms are included in the count

answer

skin

question

UV radiation from the ______ is the main cause of skin cancer

answer

sun

question

anytime a mole undergoes sudden or progressive ______/_______, you should immeadiately bring it to the attnetion of ur health care provider

answer

changes/ growth

question

the ABCD's of melanoma are __________, __________, _________ and ________

answer

Asymmetry, border, color, and diameter

question

T or F: most tumors are malignant

answer

false

question

Malignant tumors are usually not enclosed in a protective capsule like benign tumors and can therefore spread to other organs. This process, known as _________________makes some forms of cancer particularly aggressive and difficult to treat.

answer

metastasis

question

_______________ of the cancer cases that occur in developed countries are related to overweight or obesity, physical inactivity, and/or poor nutrition.

answer

1/3

question

Nearly 100 percent of women with cervical cancer have evidence of ____________ —a virus believed to be a major cause of cervical cancer.

answer

HPV human papilloma virus

question

Cancers are grouped into four broad categories based on the type of tissue from which each arise. ________ occur in epithelial tissues (tissues covering body surfaces and lining most body cavities.

answer

carcinomas

question

_____________ occur in the mesodermal, or middle, layers of tissue—for example, in bones, muscles, and general connective tissue.

answer

sarcomas

question

________________ develop in the lymphatic system—the infection-fighting regions of the body

answer

lymphomas

question

____________ is cancer of the blood-forming parts of the body, particularly the bone marrow and spleen.

answer

leukemia

question

In the US, __________ cancer accounts for 1 in every 3 cancer diagnoses in women. You can reduce your risk by maintaining a healthy weight, drinking less than one alcoholic beverage daily, and exercising regularly.

answer

breast

question

There is no such thing as a "_____________" tan because a tan is visible evidence of UV-induced skin damage.

answer

safe

question

According to the American Cancer Society, tanned skin provides only about the equivalent of sun protection factor (SPF) ______sunscreen—much too weak to be considered protective.

answer

4

question

Cancer of the __________ is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in American males today, excluding skin cancer, and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men after lung cancer.

answer

prostate

question

The _________ cancer is diagnosed, the better the prospect for survival. Make a realistic assessment of your own risk factors; avoid behaviors that put you at risk; and increase healthy behaviors, such as improving your diet and exercise levels, reducing stress, and getting regular ___________

answer

earlier, checkups

Health 1000 Unit 2 Test – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards