World History Unit 1 test Review – Flashcards
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Primary Source
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written or created by people who lived during a historical event. The writers might have been participants or observers. Includes letters, diaries, journals, speeches, and articles
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Secondary Source
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From people who were not present at the original event. They are written after the event. They often combine information from a number of different accounts.
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Neolithic Revolution
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A prehistoric period that began about 8000 BC and in some areas ended as early as 3000 BC during which people learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops, and raise animals.
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Artisan
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A skilled worker, such as a weaver or potter, who makes goods by hand.
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Ziggurat
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A tiered, pyramid shaped structure that formed part of a Sumerian temple
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Cuneiform
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A system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols, invented by the Sumerians around 3000 BC
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Scribe
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One of the professional record keepers in early civilizations
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hieroglyphics
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An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds
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papyrus
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A tall reed that grows in the Nile Delta, used by the ancient Egyptians to make a paper-like material to write on.
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Monarchy
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A government in which power is in the hands of a single person
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Theocracy
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A government controlled by religious leaders.
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Dynasty
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A series of rulers from a single family
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Polytheistic
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belief in many gods
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Ur
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an ancient city of Sumer located on a former channel of the Euphrates River
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Sumer
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A group of ancient city-states in southern Mesopotamia; the earliest civilization in Mesopotamia.
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Mesopotamia
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The land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
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Patrician
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a member of an upper-class family in Mesopotamia
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Plebeian
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of the common people of Mesopotamia
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Code of Hammurabi
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the set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety
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Indus Valley Civilization
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an ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra river valleys primarily in what is now Pakistan and western India
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Grid System
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Method of planning used by the people of the Indus Civilization
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3500-3000BCE
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What period was Mesopotamia in?
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3000-2000BCE
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What period was Egypt in?
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2500-1750BCE
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What period was Indus in?
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2000-1500BCE
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What period was China in?
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fertile soil
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What impact did the Euphrates, Tigris, and Nile Rivers have on Mesopotamia and Egypt?
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Each letter stood for an idea
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What was significant about Chinese writing?
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rivers, deserts, and mountains
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How was China isolated from other civilizations?
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Mandate of Heaven
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in Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority
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Pyramids
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monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs.
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Khufu
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Egyptian pharaoh who built the great pyramid
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mummification
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a process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying. Used by Ancient Egypt to transport people to after life.
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Monarchy
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What was the government of Mesopotamia?
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Theocracy
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What was the government of Egypt?
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not recorded, but well organized
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government in Indus
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Dynasties that believed in Mandate of Heaven
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government in China
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Rivers were unpredictable, dense cities opened them up for attack, natural resources were limited.
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Impact of environment in Mesopotamia
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Surrounding desert limited trade but kept out invaders, Nile river was used a lot
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Impact of environment in Egypt
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Mountains formed natural barriers, Indus river flooded often
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Impact of environment in Indus
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Were isolated from other civilizations, Huang He was main river
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Impact of environment in China
