World History Chapter 1 Test – Flashcards
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Old Stone Age
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Paleolithic; people were nomads, used tools, fire, made cave paintings
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New Stone Age
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Neolithic; began when people learned to farm (systematic agriculture) and domesticated animals, more sophisticated tools. Farming brought steady food supply, settled villages, involved more work than nomadic life. (Neolithic Revolution)
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Prehistory
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the time before writing
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Australopithecus
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first hominid; they were nomads (wandered in search of food and used very primitive tools)
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Cro-Magnons
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first to be found in Europe, had ax, spear throwder, better hunting methods, more sophisticated culture, and they have a skelton like ours
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Egyptians
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optimistic outlook on geography, natives of Egypt
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Nile River
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source of water, irrigation, transportation; flood predictably, The Giver of Life
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Hatshepsut
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1st female ruler of Egypt
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Akhenaton
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tried to change Egypt's religion to monotheism, said Aton was the 1 true God; orignal name was Amenhotep
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Mesopotamia
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Fertile Crescent
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arc shaped piece of land from Mediterranean Sea to Persian Gulf
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Assyrians
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Civiization was known for its cruel treatment of conquered peoples
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Hittites
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First civilization to use iron weapons
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Hebrews
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the first people to be monotheistic
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Mandate of Heaven
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royal authority is given by the gods; unjust ruler loses the right to rule and will be replacedby another ruler (first used by Zhou)
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Teachings of Hinduism
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Teachings of Buddhism
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Teachings of Confucius
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Laozi
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Technology
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Varna
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social classes
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Culture
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Civilization
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Dynasty
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a family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family
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Aryans
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nomadie people who moved south into the plains of northern India. They began settling in the Indus River Valley, and soon a new civilization emerged based on Aryan culture and institutions
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Kushites
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Persians
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conquered a large empire and were tolerant of conquered peoples' way of life, believed in a God named Zoroaster and that here was a struggle in the universe between good and evil supreme beings
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Phoenicians
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developed a simplified alphabet which became the basis for all Greek and all western alphabets, nicknamed the "carriers of civilization"
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Babylonians
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led by Hammurabi, who made the first written code of laws (code of laws was based on the principle "an eye for an eye"
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Lydians
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first civilization to use coins
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Sumerians
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developed a system of writing called cuneiform, inventors of the ewagon wheel, arch, potter's wheel and sundial, had a number system based on 60 and a 12 month calendar, created 12 city-states (each with its own priest/king
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Cuneiform
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"wedge-shaped", system of writing using a reed stylus, that made wedge shaped impression on clay tablets, which were then baked and dried in the sun
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Yin
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cool, dark, female
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Yang
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warm, light, male
