question

Who was the greatest supporter of militant Catholicism in the second half of the sixteenth century?

answer

King Philip II of Spain

question

Which military event helped bankrupt Spain and shifted power to England, France, and the Dutch Republic?

answer

The defeat of the Spanish armada greatly weakened Spanish dominance in Europe and resulted in a shift of political power

question

When were the French Wars of religion carried out?

answer

1562-1598

question

How did Henry of Navarre end the battles between French Catholics and Huguenots?

answer

After becoming king he converted to Catholicism and issued the Edict of Nantes which said Catholicism was the official religion and awarded the Huguenots the right to worship and full political privilages

question

What is inflation, and why did it occur?

answer

Inflation is a rapid increase in prices, and it became a problem due to Europe's growing population and its increased demand for land and food

question

What factor led to widespread hysteria regarding witchcraft in the seventeenth century?

answer

The religious zeal that led to the inquisition ad hunt for heretics combined to fuel hysteria regarding witchcraft

question

Where did the Thirty Year's War take place?

answer

Germany

question

What treaty ended the 30 Year's War in 1648?

answer

Treaty of Westphalia

question

How did religious wars reshape Europe from the mid-sixteenth century to the seventeenth century?

answer

The conflicts between the Protestants and the Catholics that challenged the established political order, such as King Philip's militant Catholicism and Henry IV and the French Wars of religion; population decline and rising social tensions; the 30 Years War and the Peace of Westphalia that gave Sweden, France, and their allies new territories and divided the Holy Roman Empire into over 300 different states

question

The death of Queen Elizabeth I in 1603 brought the end of the _____ dynasty and the beginning of the ______ rule.

answer

Tudor Stuart

question

In 1628, Parliament passed a ________ of _____ to place limits on the king's authority, but after initially accepting it, King Charles I ignored it.

answer

Petition of Right

question

During England's civil war, the parliamentary forces, or __________ defeated the Royalists, or _________

answer

Roundheads Cavaliers

question

Cromwell eventually dispersed Parliament and set up a military ____________

answer

Dictatorship

question

During the ___________, religion caused tension between Parliament and the kings

answer

Restoration

question

English nobles invited _______ of ______ to invade England.

answer

William of Orange

question

Parliament's Bill of ______ established the foundation for a constitutional monarchy; it helped create a government based on the rule of ___

answer

Rights Law

question

The ______-_____ theory of kingship was destroyed during the "Glorious Revolution;" as a result English monarchs rule by the grace of __________

answer

Divine Right Parliament

question

In his treatise titled Leviathan, ______ _____ argued that rulers required absolute power to preserve _____ in society

answer

Thomas Hobbs Order

question

____ _____ argued that the government existed to preserve life, liberty, property, and other natural rights

answer

John Locke

question

Though Locke was not an advocate of _________, his ideas can be found in the American Declaration and the U.S. Constitution

answer

Democracy

question

How and why did English government change in the seventeenth century?

answer

Religious tensions between Catholics and Protestants and conflicts between rulers and Parliament led England from being ruled by a king to constitutional monarchy; the actions of James I and Charles I who tried to rule as divine right monarchs; the establishment of the commonwealth; Cromwell's military dictatorship; the limited powers of Charles II and James II; the Bill of Rights; William and Mary's rule as constitutional monarchs

question

Louis XIV's reign is considered the best example of __________ in the seventeenth century

answer

Absolutism

question

Cardinal __________, minister to Louis XIII, and Cardinal ________, minister to Louis XIV, helped to preserve the authority of the monarchy

answer

Richelieu Mazarin

question

Louis XIV established both a royal court and a state office at _________, where he lived lavishly

answer

Versailles

question

To achieve military glory and strengthen his dynasty, the Sun king created a large ____ and waged four wars, but when he died, France was surrounded by _______

answer

Army Enemies

question

Out of the more than 300 ______ states in existence after the Thirty Years' War, Prussia and Austria emerged as two great European powers

answer

German

question

__________ ________ built a huge, efficient standing army, and he also set up the General War ___________ to levy taxes, oversee the army, and govern the state

answer

Frederick William Commissariat

question

The ________ dynasty failed to create an empire in Germany; however, it formed the new ________ Empire

answer

Hapsburg Austrian

question

The core of the new empire, which did not become a highly centralized state, consisted of lands in present day Austria, Czech Republic, and _______

answer

Hungary

question

_____ the Terrible was Russia's first czar. Peter the Great viewed _______________ of the army as an important step in making Russia a great power

answer

Ivan Modernization

question

Peter formed Russia's first navy and introduced _______ manners practices and customs to the people of Russia

answer

Western

question

He divided Russia into _________ to strengthen the rule of the central government

answer

Provinces

question

In 1703, Peter began the construction of __. __________, which became Russia's most important port and was the Russian _______ until 1918

answer

St. Petersburg Capital

question

What forms did absolute monarchy take in Europe during the 17th century?

answer

The absolute monarchies in France, Prussia, Austria, and Russia took form. Louis XIV's pursuit of power through war and his control of nationwide policy making is an example; Frederick William's established a large Prussian army and the General War Commissariat; the Hapsburgs' created an Austrian empire comprising of independently ruled territories; and Peter the Great had an emphasis on westernization, modernization, and a Russian military that had great strength.

question

What movement brought an end to the artistic Renaissance?

answer

Mannerism - style of art that rejected Renaissance ideals and balance of proportion; it reflected religious upheavals of the reformation. Artists wanted to show emotion and suffering

question

Why are the paintings of El Greco considered to be a high point of mannerism?

answer

He ignored the Renaissance principles of proportion, harmony, and moderation by creating elongated figures, eerie colors, and emotional tensions in paintings

question

Describe what characterized the baroque style of painting, and identify at least 3 baroque artists.

answer

The baroque style of art was known for its use of techniques to heighten emotion, elaborate, and BOLD. Three baroque artists were Bermini, Caravaggio, Gentileschi, and Rubens

question

Why did kings want baroque palaces to be magnificent?

answer

They wanted others to be in awe of their power

question

Identify two baroque composers, and discuss how baroque music was similar to baroque art and architecture.

answer

Handel and Bach were two well-known baroque composers. Their music evokes the drama and energy of baroque art and architecture

question

When was Europe's "Golden Age of Literature"?

answer

1580-1640

question

Why was theater successful in the Elizabethan Era?

answer

Variety in content, prices, and venues made Elizabethian theater successful; it reflected the full range of social classes and interests. It was a very important form of entertainment during this era.

question

Why is Shakespeare considered a universal genius?

answer

His writing displayed a masterful command of the English language, a keen insight into human psychology, and a remarkable understanding of people from all ranks of life

question

Who wrote the novel Don Quixote, and what is it about?

answer

Miguel de Cervantes; it is about the idealistic knight Don Quixote and his realistic squire Sancho Panza. The novel celebrates the need for both dreams and hard work

question

How did Lope de Vega contribute to the "Golden Age of Literature" in Spain?

answer

He set the standard for Spanish playwrights by writing 1,500 witty, charming, action-packed, and realistic plays

question

How did art and literature in late sixteenth- and seventeenth-centuries Europe reflect the political and religious conflicts of the time?

answer

The arts such as theater reflected the political and religious conflicts of the time because playwrights wrote works that were meant to please nobles, lawyers, merchants, and vagabonds, and all religions alike. The admission price was as little as one or two pennies, meaning that all people could attend these plays.

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