Unit 8 Eastern Europe and Russia – Flashcards
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The Danube forms a border between these two countries
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Hungary and Slovakia
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What country does the North European Plain run through?
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Poland
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What is the name of the range of the Alpine Mountain System that runs trhough this region?
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Carpathian
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What is the climate of most of the central region of Eastern Europe?
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continental
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Which countries are landlocked in central region of Eastern Europe?
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Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia
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Why is the Danube important?
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for trade, connects Eastern and Central Europe, and for transportation
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What are the two most abundant resources in Eastern Central Europe?
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coal and forests
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What sea forms Poland's northern border?
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Baltic Sea
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What is the largest lake in the Eastern Central Europe?
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Lake Balaton
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These seas border the Balkan region
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Adriatic, Aegean, Black and Ionian
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The Balkan terrain is mainly ____
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mountainous
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These factors make most of the Balkans unsuitable for farming
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dry summers, mountains, and soil quality
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Iron Gate is between these two countries.
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Romania and Serbia
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The most abundant energy resource in the Balkans is ____
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coal
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What physical feature is largely responsible for separating the ethnic groups of the Balkans?
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mountains
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These nations are considered the Baltic countries
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Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
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Europe's second largest country is ____
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Ukraine
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The terrain of most of the Baltic countries can be describe as ____
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marshy and lowland
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This resource is common to the Baltic nations
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peat
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This nation is landlocked Eastern Baltic Europe
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Belarus
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Which countries have a negative rate of natural population growth?
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Belarus, Bulgaria, and Lithuania
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On average, Eastern Europe's population growth for the year 2050 is predicted to be positive
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False
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On average, the population density of the United States is higher than most of the countries of Eastern Europe
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False
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Which countries show no change in their rate of natural increase?
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Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia
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Which Eastern European country's population density is closest to that of the United States?
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Estonia
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When determing the "Projected Population Change," a negative percentage indicates the population is expected to decline
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True
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Where is Russia's population density the highest?
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North European Plain
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These factors are considered when determining the rate of natural increase
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birth and death
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This country has the lowest population density in Eastern Europe
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Russia
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What is the largest ethnic group in Eastern Europe?
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Slavic
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These country that was once Czechoslovakia is now these countries
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the Czech Republic and Slovakia
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In what Eastern European country did the Magyar settle?
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Hungary
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After WW1, Yugoslavia became ____
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Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia
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This region is a site of ethnic conflict in Russia
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Chechnya
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These factors resulted in religious conflict in Eastern Europe
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the separation resulted in religious conflict in Eastern Europe, tension between Christians and Muslims, and Jewish settlement in and around Poland
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Which are Slavic languages?
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Polish, Russian, and Czechoslovakian
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Countries with a strong affiliation to the Orthodox Church use this alphabet
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Cyrillic
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Eastern Europe is ____ economically developed than Western Europe
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less
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What are some of the results of Soviet control of Eastern Europe
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communism, collectives, prices determined by government, restricted freedom of expression, and shortages of food
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Characteristics of a market economy include ____
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prices determined by user demand, production driven by consumer demand, and workers choose jobs
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How did the fall of the Soviet Union affect the people of Eastern Europe?
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many lost health care benefits, many lost jobs, and individual freedoms increased
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What has boosted the Czech Republic's economic development?
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foreign investment
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Which nation maintained close ties with Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union?
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Belarus
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What country's farms were collectivized by the Soviet Union to feed its people?
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Ukraine
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What country's economic development benefits from its abundant energy resources?
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Russia
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Which nations' levels of economic development have improved following the breakup of the Soviet Union?
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Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland
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What were the effects of Chernobyl?
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birth defects, cancer, soil pollution, and water pollution
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What has caused erosion in Eastern Europe?
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deforestation, farming, and overgrazing
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Water ____ presents the greatest problem for Eastern Europe
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quality
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____ water use has increased in Eastern Europe
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agricultural
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What factors threaten Eastern Europe's marine ecosystem?
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farming, industry, tourism, and transportation
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What are the major causes of air pollution in Eastern Europe?
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energy, industry, and transportation
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What is Eastern Europe's newest pollutor?
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cars
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The ____ provides a land route between the Mediterranean and Black Seas
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Balkans
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WW1 ended these three empires
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Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian
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These countries were formerly part of Yugoslavia
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Croatia, Macdonia, and Serbia
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What organization did the Baltic nations create to preserve peace in the region?
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Baltbat
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What measures did the Soviet Union take to reduce its food shortages?
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created Ukrainian collectives
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The end of the Cold War also ended conflict in Eastern Europe
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False
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What agreement has the goal of stopping the loss of biodiversity?
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the Kiev Resolution
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These factors hinder Eastern Europe's efforts to improve water quality
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raw water quality, old sewer systems, worn-out water utilities, and lack of skilled workers
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What factors endanger Eastern Europe's marine ecosystem?
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eutrophication, overfishing, and tourism
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What is the goal of the Kyoto Protocol?
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to reduce greenhouse gases
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What steps must be taken to improve environmental quality in Eastern Europe?
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data collection, enforcement, and international policy development
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acid rain
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precipitation that has become acidic through the absorption of pollutants in the atmosphere, such as sulfur and nitrogen oxides
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balkanization
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the division of an area into smaller regions, which usually are hostile to one another
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carbon neutral
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product or process that does not add more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
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collective
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government-controlled farm
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desertification
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change causing an area to become more arid
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eutrophication
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process by which nutrients are dissolved in a body of water increasing plant growth and resulting in reduced oxygen levels and fish populations
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exclave
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part of a country not connected to its main territory
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fallout
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radioactive waste that drops to the earth following a nuclear explosion
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genocide
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systematic mass killing of a group of people
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geopolitical
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method of analyzing geography that considers history, culture, economics, relative to the physical characteristics of a country or region
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gorge
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narrow, deep valley between mountains
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hydroelectric
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energy produced through the movement of water
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imperialism
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policy extending political, economic, or military rule over a foreign nation
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mulch
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a protective covering put over soil to prevent evaporation or erosion
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nationalistic
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having extreme pride in a specific country
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nomad
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person who moves from one place to another
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peat
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decomposed organic material that can be used for fuel and mulch
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permafrost
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permanently frozen soil beneath the surface in polar and near-polar areas
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privatize
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transfer ownership from the government to the private sector
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ravine
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deep valley caused by the runoff of water
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refugees
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people who leave their homeland seeking safety in a foreign country
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satellite country
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technically an independent nation that is under the military and/or financial control of another nation
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superpower
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a nation with the economic and political strength to influence global events
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unnavigable
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unable to be used for travel by water
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wetlands
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transitional areas between land and water systems that supports aquatic plants
