question

Which of the following describes the capacity of a man to produce sperm and a woman to periodically produce a normal egg? A) Zygote B) Fertility C) Conception D) Implantation zone

answer

b

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of maternal nutrition and the development of abnormal metabolism? A) Malnutrition during pregnancy leads to macrosomia and GI disturbances in the offspring B) Insufficient nutrient intake during pregnancy promotes hypertrophy of the kidneys and hypotension in adulthood C) Nutrition during pregnancy is the chief determinant of pancreatic beta cell growth and thus affects the risk for type 2 diabetes of the offspring D) Malnutrition during pregnancy programs the fetus to modify the genetic composition of the placenta and thereby alter nutrient delivery through the umbilical cord

answer

c

question

Which of the following is NOT a normal body response to pregnancy? A) Breast size increases B) Blood volume increases C) Body water level decreases D) Joint flexibility increases

answer

c

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of calcium nutrition in pregnancy? A) Calcium intakes usually meet the recommendations B) The RDA for calcium is the same as before pregnancy C) Calcium absorption efficiency is the same as before pregnancy D) Calcification of the fetal skeleton begins during the 14th week of pregnancy

answer

b

question

What is WIC? A) A serious neural tube defect B) The World Intervention and Conception program of the United Nations C) An environmental contaminant that may interfere with breast milk production D) A food and nutrition services program for pregnant women, children, and infants

answer

d

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of gestational diabetes? A) It predicts risk of diabetes for the infant B) It leads to type 2 diabetes in some women C) It occurs in over one-half of normal weight women D) It occurs more often in women with a history of having premature births

answer

b

question

Which of the following may be effective at reducing the risk for preeclampsia? A) Bed rest B) Exercise C) Low-protein diets D) Vitamin B12 supplementation

answer

b

question

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian Pediatric Society, breastfeeding of full-term infants is A) optional. B) mildly recommended. C) moderately recommended. D) strongly recommended.

answer

d

question

To gradually replace breast milk with infant formula or other foods appropriate to an infant's diet is to A) feed. B) wean. C) nurse. D) breastfeed.

answer

b

question

Which of the following formulas is available for infants with lactose intolerance? A) Egg B) Soy C) Barley D) Powdered cow's milk

answer

b

question

Roberta's first child is now 8 months old. Roberta has been breastfeeding and would like to begin to introduce solids foods. She read somewhere to introduce one food at a time to the infant. Which of the following would be the best choice for the first food to introduce to the baby? A) Oats B) Rice C) Wheat D) Barley

answer

b

question

Infants should not be given canned vegetables due to excessive amounts of A) tin. B) fiber. C) sodium. D) botulinum spores.

answer

c

question

A child who drinks a lot of milk at the expense of other foods is at high risk of showing signs of A) anemia. B) rickets. C) hyperkeratosis. D) ariboflavinosis.

answer

a

question

All of the following describe influences of television and video gaming on nutrition EXCEPT A) children who have a television in their bedrooms are more likely to be overweight than those who do not. B) the viewing of television and playing of video games requires the expenditure of no more energy than basal metabolism. C) children who watch television for 4 or more hours per day are least likely to eat fruits and vegetables and most likely to be obese. D) children are exposed to thousands of TV commercials each year but their requests for advertised foods are heeded by their parents only one-fourth of the time.

answer

d

question

What is the fastest-growing age group in the United States? A) 21-30 years B) 35-50 years C) Over 65 years D) Over 85 years

answer

d

question

People who persistently restrict energy intake by 30% for 30 years can expect to increase longevity by up to how many years? A) 3 B) 6 C) 9 D) 12

answer

a

question

Marie is an 80-year-old woman with a BMI of 27 who has been admitted to the hospital for dehydration. She lives alone, her diet is very high in desserts and sweets, and she only drinks diet colas. On morning hospital rounds, the attending physician asks the group of interns what they recommend for the patient. With which intern should you disagree? A) Intern A: Try to lose enough weight to achieve a desirable BMI B) Intern B: Try to incorporate soft fruits and cooked vegetables into the diet C) Intern C: Try to avoid sodas that contain caffeine as they may contribute to dehydration D) Intern D: Try to drink at least 6 glasses of water a day (or the equivalent in fruit juices)

answer

a

question

What is the main reason for dieting in the elderly? A) To economize when food prices increase B) To improve appearance among their peers C) To pursue a medical goal such as reducing blood glucose D) To reduce risks for development of atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia

answer

c

question

Which of the following drugs has a chemical structure similar to folate? A) Tyramine B) Coumadin C) Tamoxifen D) Methotrexate

answer

d

question

What ingredient commonly used as a sweetener in liquid medicines often causes diarrhea? A) Sorbitol B) Maltose C) Saccharin D) Aspartame

answer

a

question

What is the placenta? A) An organ from which the infant receives nourishment B) A muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth C) The developing infant from the eighth week after conception until birth D) The developing infant during its second through eighth week after conception

answer

a

question

Which of the following describes an infant born during the 43rd week of pregnancy? A) Term B) Preterm C) Post term D) Caesarean

answer

c

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of body weight changes associated with pregnancy? A) Weight gain is generally steady throughout pregnancy for normal-weight women B) Most women are unable to lose all of the weight that was gained during pregnancy C) Sudden, large weight gain in pregnancy may signal the development of hypotension D) Overweight pregnant women should gain as much weight as underweight pregnant women

answer

b

question

Jenny has just learned that she is one month pregnant (1st trimester). She has been looking forward to all the ice cream, chips, and cakes she has seen women on TV and in the movies eating when they are pregnant. What is the most appropriate advice for Jenny? A) She can eat these foods, but only up to 340 kcalories extra per day B) She can eat these foods, but only up to 550 kcalories extra per day C) She does not have increased energy needs in the first trimester and should not indulge herself D) She should not eat these foods, but rather include one extra serving from each food group per day

answer

c

question

Which of the following is one of the recommendations to treat pregnancy-associated heartburn? A) Eat many small meals B) Drink fluids only with meals C) Exercise within 30 minutes after eating D) Lie down within 15 minutes after eating

answer

a

question

Which of the following is an effect of alcohol intake in the mother who breastfeeds? A) It alters the flavor B) It stimulates lactation C) It passes into the breast milk and stimulates the infant's acceptance D) It first appears in the breast milk approximately 12 hours after ingestion

answer

a

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of preterm infants? A) They are often underweight and have difficulty breathing B) Even with adequate nutrition support, they rarely show catch-up growth C) If they are merely small-for-gestational age, they usually show catch-up growth D) They are typically born to women of high socioeconomic status

answer

a

question

Goat's milk is inappropriate for infants due to its low content of A) iron. B) folate. C) protein. D) calcium.

answer

b

question

Which of the following was a finding of the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study? A) Most toddlers but not infants consumed insufficient intakes of sodium B) The most popular food among these population groups was baked potatoes C) Most infants but not toddlers demonstrated food intake patterns consistent with MyPlate recommendations D) About one-fourth of the infants and toddlers failed to consume even one serving of fruits or vegetables daily

answer

d

question

Mike is a 10-year-old inactive child who weighs 150 pounds. He has come to your practice with his parents for help losing weight. What advice should be given to the parents? A) Reduce his energy intake by 50 kcalories per day B) Reduce his energy intake by 100 kcalories per day C) Encourage a weight loss goal of 5 lbs per month D) Maintain weight and do not encourage weight loss during growth and development

answer

d

question

Which of the following is an effective strategy for dealing with obesity in a child? A) Encourage the individual to eat quickly and then leave the table B) Institute new eating habits such as teaching the individual to clean the food plate C) Engage the individual in at least 1 hour per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity D) Take control and strongly encourage the individual to lose weight by limiting food intake and exercising vigorously

answer

c

question

One factor that has limited the success of the School Breakfast Program is that A) the cost is prohibitive. B) the meals are not nutritious. C) children simply do not participate in it. D) fewer than 10% of the nation's schools participate in it.

answer

c

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of the response to stress? A) Men often follow a pattern of "tend-and-befriend" B) Women usually engage in the "fight-or-flight" response C) Older men and women tend to lose their ability to adapt to stress D) Common psychological stressors in older people include alcohol abuse and smoking

answer

c

question

What is the most important predictor of a person's mobility in the later years? A) BMI B) Alcohol use C) Chronological age D) Regular physical activity

answer

d

question

Which of the following is a proposed mechanism for energy restriction and improved longevity in animals? A) Reduced oxidative stress B) Increased metabolic rate C) Enhanced lipid oxidation D) Accelerated growth and development

answer

a

question

What are the thickenings that occur to the lenses of the eye, thereby affecting vision, especially in the elderly? A) Retinitis B) Keratoids C) Cataracts D) Rhodolipids

answer

c

question

Your father was recently prescribed an anticoagulant medicine and was surprised that the doctor advised him to maintain consumption of consistent amounts of green leafy vegetables every day. You inform your father that A) these vegetables significantly reduce absorption of the drug. B) these vegetables significantly increase absorption of the drug. C) variable intake of green leafy vegetables will affect activity of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. D) inconsistent intakes of green leafy vegetables will interfere with the regular action of the drug.

answer

d

question

The most common forms of neural tube defects are spina bifida and A) macrosomia. B) anencephaly. C) preeclampsia. D) cesarean section.

answer

b

question

As a means to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in newborn infants, grain products are fortified with what nutrient? A) Folate B) Thiamine C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin B12

answer

a

question

Which of the following increases the risk of macrosomia? A) Folate deficiency B) Prepregnancy obesity C) Postpregnancy infection D) Gestational oxygen deprivation

answer

b

question

Which of the following nutrients are required in higher amounts during pregnancy due to their roles in the synthesis of red blood cells? A) Protein and chromium B) Folate and vitamin B12 C) Calcium and vitamin A D) Vitamin E and vitamin C

answer

b

question

Jane is visiting with her doctor during her 2nd trimester of pregnancy and has just revealed her strange cravings. The doctor declared that Jane is experiencing pica, which is causing her intense craving for A) dirt. B) garlic. C) pickles. D) pepperoni.

answer

a

question

Preeclampsia typically develops during the A) first half of pregnancy. B) second half of pregnancy. C) first month after delivery. D) first trimester of pregnancy.

answer

b

question

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of eclampsia? A) Convulsions by the mother B) Convulsions by the newborn C) Low blood pressure in the mother D) Low blood pressure in the newborn

answer

a

question

Which of the following is an advantage of breastfeeding compared with formula feeding? A) There is no limit to the supply B) It provides immunological protection C) The mother can be sure the baby is getting enough milk D) It is the only way to develop a true loving relationship with the baby

answer

b

question

What is the principal reason that information about fat on food labels of infant foods is intentionally omitted? A) To prevent parents from restricting their infants' fat intake B) Infants have a rapid growth rate and will adjust their overall food intake to meet their needs C) By law, the fat content is uniformly set at 30% of total energy for all infant foods and therefore is not required to be listed D) By law, the fat content must have equivalent amounts of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats to provide between 30 and 35% of total energy

answer

a

question

The consumption of milk by children should not exceed 3 cups per day in order to lower the risk for A) solute overload. B) iron deficiency. C) vitamin A toxicity. D) vitamin D toxicity.

answer

b

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of hunger and behavior in children? A) Children who fail to eat breakfast typically become hyperactive after eating lunch B) The nutrient deficit arising from skipping a breakfast is usually made up over the following 2 days C) Children who eat nutritious breakfasts are absent from school less often than their friends who do not D) Although breakfast-skippers show reduced attention spans, their scores on intelligence tests remain unaffected

answer

c

question

What population group consumes the most soft drinks each day at school? A) Teenage boys B) Teenage girls C) Pre-teen boys D) Pre-teen girls

answer

a

question

Even in preschoolers whose habits are being established, existing dietary attitudes are relatively resistant to change. How should wise parents react? A) Be patient and persistent B) Impose their own eating habits on the children C) Wait until the children start school to initiate changes D) Exert continuous pressure to initiate good food habits

answer

a

question

Longevity is defined as A) long duration of life. B) a person's age in years from date of birth. C) maximum number of years of life attainable by a species. D) average number of years lived by people in a given society.

answer

a

question

Which of the following is a finding from studies of diet restriction in rats? A) Restriction of specific nutrients exerted antiaging effects B) Energy-restricted diets led to life extension in 90% of the rats C) Energy-restricted diets led to lowering of the metabolic rate and body temperature D) Restriction of food intake only after rats reached maturity, but not before, resulted in extension of the life span

answer

not b

question

A person with a pressure ulcer has damage to her A) skin. B) colon. C) mouth. D) stomach.

answer

a

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of alcohol use in the elderly? A) Binge drinking is about 5 times more common in men than women B) The prevalence of regular intake of alcohol is twice as great in women than men C) Treatment for alcohol abuse in the elderly of both sexes is less effective than for young adults D) Excessive use impairs memory and cognition in ways much different than for standard age-related dementia

answer

a

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease? A) It affects 95% of those over 80 years of age B) It is responsive to dietary choline supplementation C) It is associated with stability of brain nerve cell number D) It is associated with clumps of beta-amyloid protein in the brain

answer

d

question

Which of the following would be the most effective substitute for fresh milk for the elderly person living alone? A) UHT milk B) Low-cost expired milk C) Calcium carbonate tablets D) Greens with highly bioavailable calcium

answer

a

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