U.S History Chapter 10: From Neutrality to War – Flashcards
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What were the 4 causes of WWI (M.A.I.N)?
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Militarianism, Allied Powers, Imperialism, and Nationalism
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What did Wilson's policy of neutrality say?
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The U.S wouldn't take sides in conflict.
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What is a hyphenated American?
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A collection of nationalities in the U.S
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In 1914, what was 1/3 of the U.S population?
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Foreign-born or children of foreigners
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Who was apart of the Central Powers?
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Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire
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Who was apart of the Allied Powers?
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France, Britain, and Russia
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Where did most trade of the U.S go to?
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The allies
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What was contraband?
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War goods
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What is International Law?
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We can sink ships if we don't like what's on them as long as the crew can escape
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What did Britain do with their blockade?
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They stopped ships heading to Germany and turned back any ships with contraband
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What was the ship sunk in May of 1915?
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The Lusitania
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What was the ferry ship sunk in March of 1916?
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The Sussex
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What did the Sussex Pledge say?
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Germany won't sink merchant vessels as long as the U.S forces Britain to close the blockade
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In July 1916, what did Britain send to the U.S?
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A list of companies that they wouldn't do business with for helping Germany
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What did Congress make in July 1916?
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A navy better than Great Britain's
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What was Woodrow Wilson's campaign slogan?
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"He's kept us out of the war"
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What were the names of the 3 groups in America?
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Isolationists, internationalists, and interventionists
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What was an isolationist?
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The people who wanted to stay away from other places
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What was an internationalist?
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The people who wanted to help with war without getting directly involved
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What was an interventionist?
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A war hawk who wanted to get directly involved in war
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What did Wilson try to negotiate for war at first?
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Peace without Victory
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How many votes did Wilson win by in the 1916 election?
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23
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In January 1917, what did Germany declare?
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Unrestricted submarine warfare
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What did declaring unrestricted submarine warfare do to the U.S?
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It made us get involved in war
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What was Germany's 1st gamble in the war?
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Starving Britain out of the war before America came
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What was Germany's 2nd gamble in the war?
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Getting Mexico to fight against the U.S
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What was the Zimmerman Note?
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A note from Germany to Mexico offering to help fight the U.S to get Mexico's land back
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On February 13, 1917, what did Wilson sever with Germany, and what was this the first step of?
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He severed all diplomatic ties with Germany and this was the first step of declaring war
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What did Germany do to the U.S in March of 1917, and what was this a first of?
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They sank 4 American merchant ships, and this was the first time that American ships were attacked
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What did Wilson tell Congress on April 12, 1917?
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Staying out of war isn't feasible
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What happened on April 4, 1917?
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America went to war
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What was the first and main reason we were in WWI?
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Submarine warfare against the U.S
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What was the second reason we were in WWI?
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The Zimmerman Note
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What was the third reason we were in WWI?
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A genuine fear of Germany because of propaganda
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What was the fourth reason we were in WWI?
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It's our own fault for trading with Britain and forcing Germany to wage submarine warfare
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What was the last reason we were in WWI?
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While Britain cost us money, Germany cost us lives
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What is propaganda?
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Something designed to influence our opinions, emotions, or behaviors
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What did Britain say that Germans did?
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They claimed that Germany killed Belgium babies and made soap from fat
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In March of 1917, who was killed in Russia?
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Czar Nicholas II
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Who took over Russia after the czar was killed?
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The democrats
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Why could the U.S side with Russia now rather than before?
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Because now they were a democracy instead of a monarchy
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What did Liberty bonds do during the war?
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They let people get money from the government by investing in the war after seven years
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How much was a liberty bond overall?
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You invest $25 and get $50
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What was the Food Administration?
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It was a way for the government to conserve valuable resources for everyone.
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Who ran the food administration?
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Herbert Hoover
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What was the most powerful board in government?
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The war industries board
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Who ran the War Industries board?
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Bernard Baroch
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What was the Selective Service Act?
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An act that required all men of certain ages to register for military service
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How many draftees were immigrants, and how many people were there in total in the military?
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1 in 5 and 4 million
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Who ran the Committee of Public Opinion and what did he do?
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George Creel and he sold the war to American people
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What was a conscientious objector?
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Someone whose moral/religious beliefs forbade them from fighting
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What did many conscientious objectors become in the war?
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Farmers and medics
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How much training was there for soldiers, and how many months were in each part?
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9 months; 6 months in the U.S, 2 months in Europe, and 1 month in the front lines
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Why were women suddenly for the war?
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So they could advance the movement for women's rights
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What was the Sedition Act of 1917?
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An act that said the president had control of censorship
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What was the Espionage Act of 1918?
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An act that said if you were against the war, you'd get thrown in jail
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Who was Eugene Debs?
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A man who ran for president 5 times under the socialist party, and was eventually jailed
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How did the ladies take over while men were gone, and what did this allow them to do later?
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They took the jobs that men left behind, and this allowed them to vote
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What was the Great Migration?
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It was when 1.2 million African-Americans moved to the North
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What did the Mexican Migrant workers do when they came over to America?
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They helped to farm our land
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What can propaganda be in the form of?
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Posters, songs, and movies
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Who had the most propaganda posters during WWI?
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America
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What was Woodrow Wilson concerned with?
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A lack of public unity
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What was the first goal of propaganda posters?
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Recruitment of soldiers
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What was the second goal of propaganda posters?
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Conservation of goods
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What was the third goal of propaganda posters?
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Purchasing of war bonds
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What was the last goal of propaganda posters?
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Support of the war at home
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What were the six most known propaganda techniques?
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Fear, name-calling, glittering generality, bandwagon, plain folks appeal, and testimonial
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What four things did propaganda include?
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A goal for the viewer, a technique, images to capture the viewer, and words in the form of slogan
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What did the British constantly bring up in propaganda?
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The sinking of the Lusitania
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What was German propaganda in the U.S?
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It was anti-Russian
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What perspective did America get of the war?
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A biased British perspective
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How many tons of allied shipping was sunk by the Germans?
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6.7 million
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What was the convoy system?
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A system where military ships would surround and protect cargo ships
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What happened when the convoy ship was put into place?
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The losses from German U-boats dropped significantly
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Why did Wilson send troops to Siberia?
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To stop Japan from taking control and to secure war supplies
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What did Russians dislike in their revolution?
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Capitalist interventions
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What did Wilson view as the greatest threat to world peace?
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The spread of communism
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Why did John Pershing and Wilson want a separate army from Europe?
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They thought that their tactics sucked
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What did Germany launch in May of 1918?
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They launched their last offensive
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What was the 1st significant action of America in the war?
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Taking part in the Chateau Thierry
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What did the U.S do in the Chateau Thierry?
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We had the Marines stop the Germans
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What was the last major offensive of the war?
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The Meus Argonne Offensive
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What was the largest battle of America and the first time America suffered heavy casualties?
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The Meus Argonne Offensive
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What did the Germans tell the Kaiser in October 1918?
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They told him that they're not winning the war
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Who did Germany go to in order to negotiate an end to war and why?
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Woodrow Wilson and because America is nicer than the other countries due to having little casualties
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What did Wilson ask Germany to do and who took over there?
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He wanted them to get rid of their Kaiser and the Weimar Republic
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What occurred on October 11th, 1918?
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The end of fighting
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What did Points 1-5 of Wilson's 14 points of Peace do?
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It made new rules eliminating causes of WII
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What was the first point of the 14 Points of Peace?
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No secret treaties
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What was the second point of the 14 Points of Peace?
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Reduce the size of the militaries
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What was the third point of the 14 Points of Peace?
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Freedom of the seas
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What was the fourth point of the 14 Points of Peace?
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Reduce tariffs
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What was the fifth point of the 14 Points of Peace?
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International control over countries
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What did Points 6-13 do?
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They divided land
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What was the most important Point of Peace?
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Point 14
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What did Point 14 of the 14 Points of Peace do?
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It formed the League of Nations to settle future international problems
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What was so significant about Wilson leaving to delegate the Treaty of Versailles?
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It was the first time a president left state
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Who was the British Prime Minister and what was he in relation to Germany?
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David Lloyd George and the moderate
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Who was the U.S President and what was he in relation to Germany
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Woodrow Wilson and the Softest
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Who was the French Premier and what was he in relation to Germany?
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George Clemenceau and the Hardest
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Who was the Italian Prime Minister and what did he do?
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Vittorio Orlando and nothing
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What agreement occurred when the League of Nations passed?
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An agreement that member nations would work together
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What place was split in half?
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Austria-Hungary
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What happened to the Western border of Germany?
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It was demilitarized
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On June 28. 1919, what was signed by Germany and what did it do?
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The Treaty of Versailles and it ended WWI
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Why couldn't Wilson sign the Treaty of Versailles?
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Because Article I of the Constitution gives the Senate the power to ratify all treaties
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Why did U.S senators not like the Treaty of Versailles?
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Because of the League of Nations
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What Pandemic occurred in September of 1918?
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The Spanish Flu Pandemic
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In 1920, how many women worked outside the home?
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Fewer than 1910
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What place had the worst race riots?
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Tulsa, Oklahoma
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In 1919, what did 75% of the Boston police form do?
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They called in sick
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In 1919, how much of the American work force go on strike?
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20%
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Who is America the most afraid of taking over their country?
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Communists
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Who cleaned up America and conducted Palmer raids?
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A. Mitchel Palmer
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Why was the American a Civil Liberties Union formed?
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To protect civil rights
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Why were Sacco and Vanzetti prejudiced against?
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Because they were Italian and anarchists
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Why were Sacco and Vanzetti arrested?
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Because the people who robbed the store looked Italian
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How many people died in the Wall Street explosion?
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40
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Who was the Republican nominee in the 1920 election?
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Warren G. Harding
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Who was the Democratic nominee in the 1920 election?
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James Cox
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What did the 1920 election boil down to?
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Joining the League of Nations
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By 1920, what were we?
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The number 1 manufacturer in the world
