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Big Data Database Management System Database Management Systems Databases Entity Relationship Diagram Tables

Database Class – Flashcards 203 terms

Deacon Kirby

203 terms

Preview

Database Class – Flashcards

question

An advantage of using the database approach to processing is that it facilitates consistency.

answer

True

question

A program, or collection of programs, through which users interact with a database is known as a(n) _________________________.

answer

DBMS

question

Access automatically adds double quotation marks around values in the design grid that are formatted as Short Text fields when you run the query or move the insertion point to another cell in the design grid.

answer

True

question

QBE is a visual approach to writing queries.

answer

True

question

In Access, it is common to create a table using SQL.

answer

False

question

Dropping a table also deletes any data that you entered into the table.

answer

True

question

When you connect two or more simple conditions with the AND operator, each condition must be listed on a separate line.

answer

False

question

The HAVING clause is used to restrict groups that are included in a query result.

answer

True

question

For two tables to be union compatible, the columns of the two tables must be identical.

answer

False

question

You can join three tables together but not four tables.

answer

False

question

In a one-to-many relationship, the primary key of the "many" table becomes the foreign key of the "one" table.

answer

False

question

In DBDL, you represent a table by listing all columns and then underlining the primary key.

answer

True

question

To verify that the correct change was made to data in a table, use the DISPLAY command.

answer

False

question

When necessary, include a WHERE clause into the UPDATE command to indicate the column on which the change is to take place.

answer

False

question

Additional storage and memory space are not required to store timestamp values.

answer

False

question

To protect an organization's data against physical damage, the DBA creates a disaster recovery plan.

answer

True

question

The DBA creates security policies and procedures.

answer

False

question

When relational databases store complex objects, these special data types are known as VLOBs.

answer

False

question

The actions defined for a class are known as methods.

answer

True

question

To create forms to use with a database you must write a program.

answer

False

question

Software packages, called database management systems, can do the job of manipulating databases for you.

answer

True

question

In a relation, the order of rows is important.

answer

True

question

A relational database handles entities, attributes, and relationships by storing each entity in its own table.

answer

True

question

To list all the columns in a table, use the LIST COLUMNS command.

answer

False

question

When you enter a new row into a table or modify an existing row, the values for one or more columns can be unknown or unavailable.

answer

True

question

In a SELECT statement, the FROM clause and the WHERE clause (when used) must appear on separate lines.

answer

False

question

The WHERE clause applies to both rows and groups.

answer

False

question

For two tables to be union compatible, the columns of the two tables must be identical.

answer

False

question

Table A has 10 rows and table B has 7 rows. The product of Table A and Table B would have 70 rows.

answer

True

question

The basic relationships among entities are: one-to-many, many-to-many, and one-to-one.

answer

True

question

Nulls are used when a value is either unknown or inapplicable.

answer

True

question

It is a good idea to use a SELECT command to display the data you changed to verify that the correct update was made.

answer

True

question

The DROP TABLE command creates an empty table.

answer

False

question

A DBMS must provide ways to ensure that only authorized users can access the database.

answer

True

question

The most common security features used by DBMSs are batch processing, journaling, and timestamping.

answer

False

question

A shared lock permits other users to read the data in the database.

answer

True

question

To protect an organization's data against physical damage, the DBA creates a disaster recovery plan.

answer

True

question

In order to view and analyze higher levels of aggregate data, you must drill down the data.

answer

False

question

A local deadlock involves one transaction that requires a record held by a second transaction at one site, while the second transaction requires a record held by the first transaction at a different site.

answer

False

question

Programs created with Visual Basic, Java, Perl, PHP, or C++ can access the database directly, rather than having to access it through the DBMS.

answer

False

question

Sharing data is one advantage of database processing.

answer

True

question

A relational database handles entities, attributes, and relationships by storing each entity in its own table.

answer

True

question

In an AND criterion, the overall criterion is true if either of the individual criteria is true.

answer

False

question

To view data in a table, use the VIEW command.

answer

False

question

In Access, it is common to create a table using SQL.

answer

False

question

To sort records in descending order, follow the name of the sort key with the REVERSE operator.

answer

False

question

It is possible to use both a WHERE clause and a HAVING clause in a SELECT statement.

answer

True

question

The product operation is commonly used.

answer

False

question

There is only one approach to joining tables.

answer

False

question

The basic relationships among entities are: one-to-many, many-to-many, and one-to-one.

answer

True

question

The first step in creating a user view is to normalize the tables.

answer

False

question

You can create a new table using data in an existing table.

answer

True

question

In some cases, you might need to change a table's structure in ways that are beyond the capabilities of your DBMS. When that happens, use the RESTRUCTURE command to redesign the table.

answer

False

question

In some database systems, such as Microsoft Access, users can access and update metadata about fields, tables, relationships, and indexes.

answer

True

question

In a PC-based DBMS, as long as one program has a row or table locked, no other program may access that row or table.

answer

True

question

In most cases, access to every table and field in a database is a necessity for every user.

answer

False

question

An internal company network that uses software tools typically used on the Internet and World Wide Web is called an extranet.

answer

False

question

In order to view and analyze higher levels of aggregate data, you must drill down the data.

answer

False

question

If the client only performs the presentation functions (and not the business functions), then the client is known as a fat client.

answer

False

question

There is a greater impact of failure in a nondatabase, file-oriented system.

answer

False

question

A query is a question represented in a way that the DBMS can recognize and process

answer

True

question

The comparison operators are also known as relational operators.

answer

True

question

To change a value in a table, use the CHANGE command.

answer

False

question

The COUNT function only applies to columns with numeric values.

answer

False

question

A query is a question represented in a way that the DBMS can understand.

answer

True

question

There are three types of inner joins.

answer

False

question

The use of an "m" and an "n" in an E-R diagram indicates a many-to-many relationship.

answer

True

question

In an E-R diagram, a dashed line represents an identifying relationship and a solid line represents a nonidentifying relationship

answer

False

question

In a transaction, it is acceptable if some steps fail.

answer

False

question

The DBMS must successfully complete all transaction steps or none at all for the database to remain in a correct state.

answer

True

question

Another term for production system is the test system.

answer

False

question

If users are unaware of fragmentation, the DDBMS has fragmentation transparency.

answer

True

question

Each table in a database represents two or more entities.

answer

False

question

A DBA can assign passwords to prevent unauthorized users from accessing the data.

answer

True

question

An unnormalized relation is a table that has more than one row.

answer

False

question

In a relation, the order of the columns is important.

answer

False

question

To enter a null value into a table, you use a special format of the NULL command.

answer

False

question

You can use computed columns in comparisons.

answer

True

question

The WHERE clause applies to both rows and groups.

answer

False

question

For two tables to be union compatible, the columns of the two tables must be identical.

answer

False

question

You can perform special operations, such as self-joins, within SQL.

answer

True

question

You create a many-to-many relationship by creating a new table whose primary key is the combination of the primary keys of the original tables.

answer

True

question

In an E-R diagram, a dashed line represents an identifying relationship and a solid line represents a nonidentifying relationship.

answer

False

question

You can use REMOVE ROW to remove a row from a table.

answer

False

question

In a transaction, it is acceptable if some steps fail.

answer

False

question

When the DBMS locks more rows and releases none of the locks, this is called an expanding phase.

answer

False

question

The DBA is responsible for DBMS maintenance, data dictionary management, and training.

answer

True

question

The CEO of the company determines the database access privileges for all users.

answer

False

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Seek delay refers to the fixed amount of time that is required for every message.

answer

False

question

On a client/server network, the server is a computer that provides data to the clients.

answer

True

question

The attributes of an entity become the fields or columns in a table.

answer

True

question

Access does not use script files.

answer

True

question

Unlike Oracle, Access does not support the DECIMAL data type.

answer

True

question

When data is sorted on two columns, the more important column is called the major sort key.

answer

True

question

One reason for using an alias is when you are joining a table to itself.

answer

True

question

When using a DBMS without an optimizer, the formulation of a query can make a difference in the speed with which the query is executed.

answer

True

question

The second step in creating a user view is to represent the user view as a collection of tables.

answer

False

question

Updates become permanent automatically when you exit from the DBMS.

answer

True

question

The successful completion of a transaction is known as an after image.

answer

False

question

A shared lock permits other users to read the data in the database.

answer

True

question

Management approval is not required before the security policies and procedures can be implemented.

answer

False

question

An XML document should begin with an XML declaration.

answer

True

question

A distributed database is a single logical database that is physically divided among computers at several sites on a network.

answer

True

question

An entity is also defined as an attribute.

answer

False

question

A column whose value uniquely identifies a given row in the table is the secondary key.

answer

False

question

The concept of grouping means that statistics will be calculated for individual records.

answer

False

question

Sometimes a condition involves a column that can accept null values.

answer

True

question

In small databases, there is a significant time difference between different query approaches.

answer

False

question

When you use an E-R diagram to represent a database, it visually illustrates all the information listed in the DBDL.

answer

True

question

In Access, use the Documenter tool to show the layout of a table.

answer

True

question

If you change the value of a column to NULL, you must enclose the NULL value in single quotation marks.

answer

False

question

One guideline for writing programs for concurrent updates in a PC-based DBMS states that if an update transaction must lock more than one row in the same table, the whole table must be locked.

answer

True

question

An internal company network that uses software tools typically used on the Internet and World Wide Web is called an extranet.

answer

False

question

In most cases, access to every table and field in a database is a necessity for every user.

answer

False

question

One approach you can use to model all the various aspects of software development for object-oriented systems is known as UML.

answer

True

question

Access to a data warehouse is accomplished through the use of OLAP software.

answer

True

question

The comparison operators are also known as relational operators.

answer

True

question

To run SQL commands in Access, you must first create a new query.

answer

True

question

It is possible to place one query inside another.

answer

True

question

SQL requires that you follow special formatting rules.

answer

False

question

You can join tables by using a condition in the WHERE clause.

answer

True

question

You can use the EXISTS operator to retrieve data from more than one table.

answer

True

question

In an entity-relationship diagram, rectangles represent foreign keys.

answer

False

question

In some cases, you might need to change a table's structure in ways that are beyond the capabilities of your DBMS. When that happens, use the RESTRUCTURE command to redesign the table.

answer

False

question

The data stored in tables changes only infrequently.

answer

False

question

Programmers monitor database usage to detect potential security violations.

answer

False

question

Another term for production system is the test system.

answer

False

question

Programs created with Visual Basic, Java, Perl, PHP, or C++ can access the database directly, rather than having to access it through the DBMS.

answer

False

question

In Access, use the Documenter tool to describe the tables in a database.

answer

True

question

Aggregate functions apply to groups of rows.

answer

True

question

Instead of including every column in the SELECT clause, you can use an ampersand (&) to indicate that you want to include all columns.

answer

False

question

When joining tables, it is always necessary to qualify a column name.

answer

False

question

Occasionally, a self-join might involve the primary key of a table.

answer

True

question

You cannot change the characteristics of existing columns.

answer

False

question

It is a good idea to use a SELECT command to display the data you changed to verify that the correct update was made.

answer

True

question

When relational databases store complex objects, these special data types are known as VLOBs.

answer

False

question

The relationship between different entities (in different tables) is handled by their common columns.

answer

True

question

Software packages, called database management systems, can do the job of manipulating databases for you.

answer

True

question

Each column in a table should have a unique name, and entries in each column should all "match" this column name.

answer

True

question

If you added a row that should not be in a table, use a REMOVE command to remove it.

answer

False

question

To specify that query results be listed in a specific order, use the SORT BY clause.

answer

False

question

When the OR operator connects simple conditions, the compound condition will be true whenever any one of the simple conditions is true.

answer

True

question

When the innermost subquery is evaluated, a permanent table is produced.

answer

False

question

The primary key is a unique identifier.

answer

True

question

The MIN function determines the minimum value in a column.

answer

False

question

Smart cards have built-in circuits containing processing logic to identify the cardholder.

answer

True

question

Each job that a user completes, such as filling an order, is called a user task.

answer

False

question

Each table in a database represents two or more entities.

answer

False

question

The data type indicates the type of data that a column can contain.

answer

True

question

In a nested query, the outer query is evaluated first.

answer

False

question

An arithmetic column is a column that does not exist in the database but can be computed using data in existing columns.

answer

False

question

You must join tables by finding rows in the two tables that have identical values in matching columns.

answer

True

question

When you combine third normal form tables, the result will always be in third normal form.

answer

False

question

To permanently remove both a table and its data, you must issue both a DROP TABLE command and a DELETE command.

answer

False

question

When a company decides to purchase a new DBMS, the CEO leads the DBMS evaluation and selection effort.

answer

False

question

In a DDBMS, the site where the user is located is called the remote site.

answer

False

question

An attribute is known as a row in most databases.

answer

False

question

A query is a question represented in a way that the DBMS can recognize and process.

answer

True

question

The DISTINCT operator is useful when used in conjunction with the COUNT function.

answer

True

question

To ensure that query results are listed in a desired order, use the ORDER BY clause.

answer

True

question

There is only one approach to joining tables.

answer

False

question

Nulls are used when a value is either unknown or inapplicable.

answer

True

question

There are table structure changes that are beyond the capabilities of SQL.

answer

True

question

The more important it is to avoid redoing work, the more often you should make backups.

answer

True

question

A characteristic of a DDBMS that states that users do not need to be aware of the location of the data in a database is known as replication transparency.

answer

False

question

In a full outer join, all rows from both tables will be included regardless of whether they match rows from the other table.

answer

True

question

When provided with a user view or some sort of stated requirement, you must develop a collection of tables that will support it.

answer

True

question

To add a new column, use the ADD NEW COLUMN clause of the ALTER TABLE command.

answer

False

question

Encrypted data can be read by a word processor program.

answer

False

question

SQL is an example of a nonprocedural language.

answer

False

question

The server is also known as a front-end processor or front-end machine.

answer

False

question

An attribute is a characteristic or property of an entity.

answer

True

question

The comparison operators are +, *, %, and /.

answer

False

question

The GROUP BY clause sorts the data in a particular order.

answer

False

question

A foreign key is a column or collection of columns in one table that is required to match the value of the primary key for some row in another table, or be null.

answer

True

question

The BETWEEN operator is an essential feature of SQL.

answer

False

question

If you decrease the size of a column, it is possible to lose some data currently in the column.

answer

True

question

answer

False

question

A database will not only hold information about multiple types of entities, but also information about the relationships among these multiple entities.

answer

True

question

To sort records in descending order, follow the name of the sort key with the REVERSE operator.

answer

False

question

In a nested query, the outer query is evaluated first.

answer

False

question

You must use a comma or a period to separate a table name from its alias.

answer

False

question

Accessing data using messages over a network is substantially slower than accessing data on a disk.

answer

True

question

The product operation is commonly used.

answer

False

question

Careful planning in the early stages of the normalization process will usually avoid the need to consider fourth normal form.

answer

True

question

In a PC-based DBMS, as long as one program has a row or table locked, no other program may access that row or table.

answer

True

question

To implement and enforce security, the DBA uses such features as encryption and views.

answer

True

question

When you query a database, there is a defined order in which the results are displayed.

answer

False

question

If you specify NOT NULL for a column when you create a table, you are prohibited from changing a value in the column to null.

answer

True

question

You can use the existing value in a column and a calculation to update a value.

answer

True

question

Damage to a database can occur through a physical incident such as an abnormally terminated program.

answer

True

question

The command, CREATE TABLE AS LEVEL1_CUSTOMER USING CUSTOMER; creates a table called LEVEL1_CUSTOMER that has the same structure as CUSTOMER.

answer

False

question

There are two types of primary keys that you can use in your database design.

answer

False

question

You can increase the length of column but you cannot decrease the length of a column.

answer

False

question

A global deadlock occurs at a single site in a distributed database.

answer

False

question

SQL was developed as the data manipulation language for IBM's prototype relational model DBMS, System R.

answer

True

question

The WHERE clause is used to retrieve rows that satisfy some condition.

answer

True

question

Table A has 10 rows and table B has 7 rows. The product of Table A and Table B would have 70 rows.

answer

True

question

You cannot use a compound condition with an UPDATE command.

answer

False

question

The only arithmetic operators that can be used in SELECT statements are + for addition and - for subtraction.

answer

False

question

In two-phase locking, the second phase is the shrinking phase.

answer

True

question

QBE is an example of a procedural language.

answer

False

question

A simple condition has the form: column name, comparison operator, and then either another column name or a value.

answer

True

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Computer Science Database Management System Database Management Systems Databases Parent Child Relationship Public Key Encryption Relational Databases Structured Query Language

IS 443 Test 1 – Flashcards 75 terms

Isabel Padilla

75 terms

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IS 443 Test 1 – Flashcards

question

A record consists of a

answer

Set of one or more fields

question

What is a benefit of using a DBMS

answer

They help create an environment for end users to have access to more data

question

The DBMS allows you to extrapolate information from your data by using

answer

Query language

question

Which is NOT considered a 3GL 1. COBOL 2. BASIC 3. Query Language 4. FORTRAN

answer

Query Language

question

Database management systems, operating systems, applications, and utilities are all examples of

answer

Software

question

A DBMS performs several important functions that guarantee the integrity and consistency of the data in the database. Which of the following is NOT one of those functions? a. Data integrity management b. Data storage management c. Data reports d. Security management

answer

Data Reports

question

Ad hoc query is a

answer

Spur-of-the-moment question

question

John is working in the customer table and needs to know what customers are located in Florida. To find the information, he would

answer

Create a new query

question

Which of the following is NOT a data anomaly 1. Modification 2. Insertion 3. Deletion 4. Correction

answer

Correction

question

Who run the organization's daily operations?

answer

End users

question

Activities that make the database perform more efficiently, in terms of storage and access speed, are known as performance___?

answer

Tuning

question

What deals with fixing the database after a failure, such as hard disk malfunction

answer

Recovery

question

A raw fact, such as an invoice date, is known as___?

answer

Data

question

What manages interactions between the end user and the database?

answer

DBMS

question

Another name for production database is a _____ database

answer

transactional

question

All of these are true about database except: 1. It is a shared, integrated structure 2. It stores user data 3. It must contain multiple tables 4. It stores metadata

answer

It must contain multiple tables

question

SQL is

answer

Structured Query Language

question

A relational database is a group of...

answer

Tables

question

One of the advantages of a relations database model is...

answer

Easier database design

question

The hierarchical database model is based on a

answer

Tree structure

question

Given its parent/child structure, the hierarchical model yields integrity and consistency; there cannot be...

answer

A child without a parent

question

A relational database model

answer

Lets the user operate in a human logical environment

question

The network database models have an

answer

Owner/member relationship that promotes database integrity

question

Which of the following was NOT produced by the DBTG of CODASYL? 1. Standard network specifications for a network schema 2. Standard network specifications for a network schema 3. Standard specifications for a data management language 4. Standard diagrams for database modeling known as ERD

answer

Standard diagrams for database modeling known as ERD

question

Because an RDBMS hides the system's complexity from the user/designer....

answer

Data management is easier

question

Database models can be grouped into two categories: conceptual modes and ______ models

answer

Implementation

question

Classes are organized into a class ____

answer

Hierarchy

question

What model contains the least semantics?

answer

Hierarchical

question

Which of the following data models are dependent on their physical structure? 1. Object oriented 2. Relational 3. Semantic 4. Hierarchical

answer

Hierarchical

question

A data model must represent the ___ world as closely as possible

answer

Real

question

What modern development has dramatically changed the direction database technology was moving in?

answer

The internet.

question

Which of the following databases does NOT provide structural independence? 1. Network 2. Relational 3. Entity Relationship 4. Object oriented

answer

Network

question

What model is independent of both hardware and software? 1. Conceptual 2. External 3. Developmental 4. Logical

answer

Conceptual

question

The ___ model adapts a conceptual model to a specific DBMS (Internal, entity, external, database)

answer

Internal

question

What type of relationship is expressed with the phrase "painter paints painting"?

answer

1:M

question

Which of the following is likely to be a business rule as relates to data modeling? 1. A customer may make many payments on an account. 2. A machine operator may not work more than 10 hours in a 24 hour period. 3. A training session cannot be scheduled for fewer than 10 employees or more than 30 employees. 4. Casual fridays take place in the summer.

answer

Casual fridays take place in the summer

question

Nulls, if used improperly, can create problems because they can represent ___

answer

A known, but missing, attribute value.

question

The entity integrity rule requires that ___

answer

All primary key entries are unique, cannot be NULL

question

According to E.F. Codd, another word for the term "relation" is __

answer

Table

question

Each table must have a ____ Key

answer

Primary

question

The key's role is based on a concept known as ___

answer

Determination

question

A table can be logically connected to another table by defining a ___

answer

Common Attribute

question

A relational operator that yields all values from selected attributes is known as the _____ operator. 1. DIFFERENCE 2. PRODUCT 3. SELECT 4. PROJECT

answer

Project

question

In a relationship, when a primary key from one table is also defined in a second table, the field is referred to as a ____ in the second table

answer

Foreign key

question

A primary key that consists of more than one field is called a ___ key

answer

Composite

question

A field that consists of integer values is a ___ type field

answer

Numeric

question

Which of the following is NOT an allowable operation for a date field? 1. Compare two dates 2. Multiply two dates 3. Convert a date from its internal representation to different presentation format 4. Create a date by adding or subtracting a number of days from a given date

answer

Multiply two dates (WHY WOULD YOU MULTIPLY?)

question

We can describe a link by observing that ___. 1. a primary key of one table appears again as a primary key in a related table 2. a foreign key of one table appears again as a foreign key in a related table 3. a primary key of one table appears again as a foreign key in a related table 4. a foreign key of one table appears again as a primary key in a related table

answer

A primary key of one table appears again as a foreign key in a related table

question

A ___ key is defined as a key that is used strictly for data retrieval purposes.

answer

Secondary key

question

A relational operator that combines all rows from two tables is considered to be a(n).

answer

UNION

question

The ERD is used to graphically represent the ____ database model.

answer

Conceptual

question

A ___ attribute can be further subdivided to yield additional attributes.

answer

Composite

question

A ___ attribute can have only one value.

answer

Single valued

question

A __ attribute need not be physically stored within the database

answer

Derived

question

A ___ relationship exists when two entities are associated

answer

Binary

question

Attributes may share a

answer

Domain

question

In an ER diagram, primary keys are indicated by ___

answer

Underlining

question

What is the ideal number of attributes used to make up a primary key?

answer

One

question

Which of the following might be represented with a multivalued attribute? 1. Persons name 2. Class location 3. Bank account balance 4. Book title

answer

Class location (state, city, building, room number, etc)

question

what type of attribute cannot be created in a DBMS?

answer

Multivalued

question

In the Chen model, cardinality is indicated using the ___ notation a. (max, min) b. (min, max) c. [min ... max] d. {min|max}

answer

(min, max)

question

The extended entity relationship model (EERM) is sometimes referred to as the ___

answer

Enhanced entity relationship model

question

The ___ depicts the arrangement of higher-level entity supertypes (parent entities) and lower-level entity subtypes (child entities).

answer

Specialization Hierarchy

question

One important inheritance characteristic is that all entity subtypes inherit their ___

answer

Primary Key

question

A ___ is the attribute in the super type entity that determines to which entity subtype each supertype occurrence is related

answer

Subtype discriminator

question

Non-overlapping subtypes are subtypes that contain a ___ subset of the supertype entity set

answer

Unique

question

A ___ occurs when a relationship is improperly or incompletely identified and, therefore, is represented in a way that is not consistent with the real world

answer

Design Trap

question

The traditional SDLC is divided into ___ phases.

answer

Five

question

The initial assessment and the feasibility study are part of the SDLC's ____ phase.

answer

Planning

question

Evaluation, maintenance, and enhancement are part of the ____ phase

answer

Maintenance

question

The ___ design is the process of selecting the data storage and data access characteristics of the database

answer

Physical

question

Which of the following questions would NOT be asked by a manager viewing the database? 1. How will the data be accessed? 2. What are the problems? 3. What are the solutions to the problems? 4. What data is required to generate the desired information?

answer

How will the data be accessed? (Why would he ask that if he is viewing the database already, as in already accessed it)

question

What is the primary objective of database design?

answer

To create complete, normalized, nonredundant,and fully integrated conceptual, logical, and physical database models.

question

"Should the existing system be replaced?" is a question that is asked during the ___ stage of the SDLC

answer

Planning

question

Once the data has been loaded into the database, the ___ tests and fine-tunes the database for performance, integrity, concurrent access, and security constraints

answer

Database Administrator

STUDY

Database Management System Database Management Systems Graphical User Interfaces Programming Languages

Advanced GIS GEOG 475 – Flashcards 112 terms

Dennis Jennings

112 terms

Preview

Advanced GIS GEOG 475 – Flashcards

question

Object Relational DBMS
or
OR-DMBS

answer

relational databases that incorporate ADTs and other principles of the object oriented design

question

SDBMS

Spatial Database Management System

answer

a software module that can work with an underlying DBMS
SDBMS support multiple spatial data models, commensurate spatial abstract data types, and a query language from which these ADTs are callable
SDBMS support spatial indexing, efficient algorithms for spatial operations and domain specific rules for query optimization

question

Topology

answer

branch of mathematics exclusively devoted to the study of relationships which do not change due to elastic deformation of underlying space

question

Space taxonomy

answer

refers to the many descriptions that are available to organize space

question

Data Model

answer

a rule or set of rules to identify and represent objects referenced by space

question

Object vs. Field Model

answer

object model is conceptual, it is mapped onto the computer using the vector data structure. a vector data structure maps regions into polygons, lines into polylines, and points to points
Raster data structure implements the filed data model on a computer

question

Query Language

answer

current functionality of relational query language and has to be extended to handle spatial data

question

Query Processing

answer

the sequence of steps that DBMS will initiate to processs the query

question

Query Optimization

answer

very efficiently executes queries

question

Data Mining

answer

systematic search for potentially useful info embedded in digital data

question

Set Oriented

answer

union, intersection, containment, and membership

question

topological

answer

meet is an example of a topological property; area is not

find all objects that have topological relation r to a given object

What is the topological relation between A and B

question

Entities

answer

are things or objects that have an independent physical or conceptual existence

question

key

answer

an attribute or set of attributes that uniquely identifies instances of an entity

question

Relationships

answer

the way Entities interact or connect with each other

question

One to One Relationship

answer

each instance of one entity can relate to only one instance of the other participating entity.

question

Many to One Relationship

answer

can potentially connect many instances of one entity with one instance of the other entity participating in the relationship

question

Many to Many Relationships

answer

many instances of one entity can be related to many instances of the other participating entity

question

Entities are

Attributes are

Relationships are

answer

represented as boxes

as ovals connected to boxes

as diamond boxes

question

domains

answer

datatypes of the attributes

question

Key constraint

answer

speciefies that every relation must have a primary key.

question

primary key

answer

one that is used to identify many tuples in a relation

question

entity integrity constraint

answer

no primary key can be null

question

Referential integrity constraint

answer

enforcement of such constraint maintains logically consistent relationships between the different relations

question

pictogram

answer

miniature representation of an object inserted inside of a box.

question

shape

answer

basic graphical element in a pictogram, which represents the elements in the in the spatial data model

question

Basic Shape

answer

point, line, polygon

question

Multishape

answer

elements that cannot be defined by one of the basic shapes.

Cardinality is used to quantify multiple shapes

question

Relationship Pictogram

answer

used to model relationships between entities

question

adjacent

answer

function may be applied to land parcels to determine if they share a common boundary

question

Row Type

answer

a type for a relation, it specifies the schema of a relation

question

Relational Algebra

answer

formal query language associated with the relational model. It is rarely if ever implemented in a commercial system but forms the core of SQL.

question

SQL

answer

most widely implemented query language, a declarative language in that the user only has to speccify the result of the query rather than means of arriving at the results. It extends relational algebra with many other important functions, including aggregate functions to analytically process queried data

question

OGIS

answer

standard recommends a set of spatial datatypes and functions that are considered crucial for spatial data querying

question

ANSI SQL with

JET SQL with

answer

shared geodatabase data

personal geodatabase data

question

How a Geodatabase extends a database

answer

represents discrete objects as vector features, continuous phenomena as rasters, surfaces as TINs, and references to places as locators and addresses
stores shapes of features and ArcInfo provides functions for performing spatial operations such as finding objects nearby, touching, or intersecting

question

Reasons to use ArcSDE

answer

limitless flexibility in scaling databases
utilize the relational database of your choice
can serve geographic data from UNIX or Windows
can build OGC
can build SQL

question

Submarkets

answer

areas within the larger market that "stand out", or can be characterized in a significant manner

question

Urban Form

answer

pattern of land use and land values

question

urban morphology

answer

study of urban form over time

question

Market Forces

answer

transportation, spatial equillibrium, government, real estate cycles, information and technology

question

geodemographics

answer

descriptive characteristics of a population, arranged and ordered by a scale of geography that is meaningful to the analysis

question

Brian J. L. Berry (1960s)

answer

first commercially available Lifestyle segmentation profile ( LSP)

question

Spatial Equilibrium

answer

no incentive to move to or from a location; balance of push and pull factors

question

Opportunity

answer

when urban area and submarkets are not in spatial equilibrium

question

Steps in Real Estate Market Analysis

answer

establish trade area size and boundary
estimate competing supply
measure demand
compile report and present the analysis

question

Trade area

answer

geographic region from which a real estate project draws most of its customers

question

William Applebaum

answer

1930s geographer

uses analog and customer spotting methods

factors for evaluating store sites and how location quality affects store rents

enables consideration of unserved trade areas and overlapping trade areas

question

range

answer

distance customers will travel to patronize a store

question

Distance decay

answer

how density of customers decreases with increasing distance from real estate project

question

Primary Trade Area

answer

geographic core, accounts for majority of business

question

secondary Trade Area

answer

next highest percentage of customers

question

tertiary trade area

answer

at market-are fringe accounts for less than 15% of all customers

question

Economies of agglomeration

answer

benefits that firms obtain when locating near one another. Think of two ice cream shops located on the beach, sharing best profits when located right next to each other.

question

Analog Method

answer

Applebaum- first systematic retail forecasting system based on empirical data

performances can be measured by market share and per capita sales penetration

Many explanatory variables can be included in assessment

Potential development sites can be compared and ranked according to expected performance

question

Geographically delineating trade areas

answer

Radial Distance approach - rings, convenient but not accurate

Drive-time approach - transportation network strongly influences customer travel behavior

question

W. J. Reilly

answer

used Newton's gravity model to compute market surrounding shopping center (economic geography application in real estate analysis and marketing)

question

T_ij = P_iP_j / d_ij

Gravity Model Relationship

answer

T_ij - total interaction between places i and j

P_i- population count for place i

P_j - population count for place j

d_ij - distance seperating places i and j

question

Reilly Model

answer

allows us to draw trade area boundaries around cities using the distance between the cities and the population of each city

question

Kernel method

answer

mapping customer density and identifying market boundaries
based on location customer areas to determine trade area, rather than physical store location and characteristics

question

NEWMAP = f(oldmap)

answer

the new map is a function of the old map, implies a transformation, has the same geometric properties as the old map.

question

object

answer

representation of reality

question

feature

answer

an entity being represented by an object

question

CLEAN

answer

uses a fuzzy tolerance when processing, which allows it to detect and create intersections

question

Build

answer

does not use fuzzy tolerance, the coordinates will not be adjusted while topology is being built

question

Levels at which databases can be described

answer

Logical Level

Conceptual Level

Research Area

question

Logical Level

answer

level at which users view the database

question

Conceptual level

answer

concerned with info design (e.g. where data are stored across a network other design issues etc.)

question

Research Area

answer

Middleware that connects individual databases to other applications programs and reconciles the different terms use d among the various databases

question

Disk Drives

answer

rated by seek and read times

question

Arc Spatial database Engine

answer

relational model based on tables

ex. oracle, informix, IBMD32, Microsoft Access

question

Entity

answer

like an object or a thing

question

Entity Set

answer

like a class = set of similar entities

represented by a rectangle

question

Attributes

answer

properties of entities in an entity set

represented by an oval

question

Relationships

answer

connect two or more entity sets

represented in the table

question

Focal

answer

up to n-1 gridcells

N = number of cells in a grid

question

High Pass Filter

answer

edge detector

question

Low Pass Filter

answer

Smoothing 7x7 = more smoothing

question

Optimal complexity

answer

complex enough to adequately represent the phenomena but not complex enough

question

Overlay Cover

answer

Put one layer on top of second
new values are the non-zero top layer values and the bottom layer values where the top is zero
top layer - not zero - opaque
bottom layer - zero - transparent

question

Local Combination

answer

determines every possible combination of values and assigns a sequential new class to each combination. Each combination gets its own value

question

Capability/Suitability Mapping

answer

determining the land units that are capable of supporting an activity or land units that are most suitable of supporting an activity. This process may involve determining the degree of capability/suitability

question

Capability

answer

physical potential of land unit to support activity

question

suitability

answer

social or economic potential of land unit to support an activity

question

Factor

answer

category of info that will be used to define limiting criteria
- annual, precip, costs of land, population

question

Constraint

answer

threshold value that must be met for acceptability

question

Rating

answer

Value depicting the relative suitability of a parcel with characteristics for factors

question

Rating Schedule

answer

table of ratings for the different characteristics of a factor

question

Factor Constraint

answer

constraint value for a factor

question

Factor Rating

answer

rating for a factor

question

score

answer

numerical, suitability, capability value that represents the (higher value represents more suitable/capable)

question

Trade Off

answer

A low rating for one factor may be compensated by a high value of another factor

question

Pass Fail Screening

answer

based on constraint establishing acceptability of the unit for a given factor

Advantageous because it is simple and easy to understand and technique is mandatory for planning applications

disadvantageous because all factors are treated as equally important

question

Ordinal Combination

answer

graduated screening

addition of factors

question

Steps for Suitability/Capability Modeling

answer

Determine Factors important for evaluating places
Collect Accurate Data representing factors
select appropriate suitability/capability technique and implement

question

Selection of Weights

answer

Management Applications
Physical process models (parameters)
Real world observations

question

key

answer

set of attributes whose values can belong to at most one entity

question

WEak entity set

answer

sometimes a key for an entity set comes incomplete from its own attributes but from the keys of one or more entity sets to whch it is linked by a relationship

question

Table

answer

relation

question

column headers

answer

attributes

question

rows

answer

tuples

question

beers

answer

name/manf

question

Relation schema

answer

equivalent of attributes + other structural info such as keys

order of attributes is arbitrary

question

Relation Instance

answer

current set of rows for a relation schema

question

database schema

answer

collection of relation schema

question

Selection

answer

picking rows (tuples) from a relation

question

projection

answer

picking columns from a table (relation)

question

products and joins

answer

for composing different relations here, relation schemas do not have to be the same

question

renaming

answer

renames relationships and their attributes.

question

Aside Normalization

answer

how to fix relations that are in violation of BCNF

split relation into 2 or more smaller relations

question

Argument

answer

variables and constraints for representing relations

question

expressions

answer

applying operators to arguments, plus parenthesis

STUDY

Computer Based Information Systems Database Management Systems Enterprise Resource Planning System High Level Languages Object Oriented Programming Systems Analysis Transaction Processing Systems

CSCI 1102 Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards 137 terms

Rosa Sloan

137 terms

Preview

CSCI 1102 Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards

question

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a network of links on the Internet to documents containing text, graphics, video, and sound.

answer

True

question

Information is simply a collection of raw facts such as an employee number or the total hours worked in a week.

answer

False

question

Despite being technologically advanced, e-commerce offers few advantages for streamlining work activities.

answer

False

question

Both system software and application software are needed for all types of computers, from small handheld computers to large supercomputers.

answer

True

question

Application software, such as Microsoft Windows, manages basic computer operations such as start-up.

answer

False

question

A management information system (MIS) typically provides standard reports generated with data and information from a transaction processing system (TPS) or enterprise resource planning (ERP) system.

answer

True

question

Providing information to customers can help companies increase revenues and profits.

answer

True

question

The more consumers can obtain similar products and services that satisfy their needs, the less likely firms are to try to establish competitive advantage.

answer

False

question

The _____ is the number of years required to recover the initial cost of an investment.

answer

payback period

question

An organization can have only one value chain.

answer

False

question

Hiring an outside company to perform some or all of a systems development project is called _____

answer

outsourcing

question

Electronic business (e-business) goes beyond e-commerce and e-procurement by using information systems and the Internet to perform all business-related tasks and functions.

answer

True

question

Mobile commerce (m-commerce) is the use of mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct business.

answer

True

question

A decision support system (DSS) is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers.

answer

False

question

An intranet is a network based on Web technologies that allows selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of a company's extranet.

answer

False

question

______ are people who create, use, and disseminate knowledge and are usually professionals in science, engineering, business, and other areas.

answer

Knowledge workers

question

A(n) _____ is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that support problem-specific decision making.

answer

decision support system

question

A(n) _____ can replace many applications with one unified set of programs, making the system easier to use and more effective.

answer

enterprise resource planning system

question

_____ is a branch of artificial intelligence that allows computers to recognize and act on patterns or trends.

answer

Neural networks

question

An agreement between two or more companies that involves the joint introduction and distribution of goods and services is called ______.

answer

strategic partnership

question

_____ consists of computer programs that govern the operation of a computer.

answer

Software

question

Information and data are essentially the same thing.

answer

False

question

Michael Porter proposed a now widely accepted competitive forces model that includes _____ forces.

answer

five

question

Employers often search the Internet to find information about potential employees before they make hiring decisions.

answer

True

question

Global opportunities introduce numerous obstacles and issues, including challenges involving culture and language.

answer

True

question

_____ are used in standardized tests, including the SAT and GMAT tests, and to record votes in elections.

answer

Optical mark recognition (OMR) systems

question

Operating systems use _____ techniques to increase the amount of processing that can be accomplished in a given amount of time.

answer

task management

question

_____ is concerned with the efficient and environmentally responsible design, manufacture, operation, and disposal of IS-related products, including all types of computers, printers, and printer materials such as cartridges and toner.

answer

green computing

question

Which of the following is a primary element of the central processing unit (CPU)?

answer

storage registers

question

A _____ is a defect in a computer program that keeps it from performing as its users expect it to perform.

answer

software bug

question

An operating system with _____ capabilities allows a user to run more than one program concurrently.

answer

multitasking

question

Application software applies the power of a computer to give individuals, workgroups, and the entire enterprise the ability to solve problems and perform specific tasks.

answer

True

question

One advantage of proprietary software versus off-the-shelf software is that _____.

answer

the software provides a company a competitive advantage by solving problems in a unique manner

question

Cloud computing refers to the use of computing resources, including software and data storage, on local computers.

answer

False

question

A type of memory that loses its contents if the power is turned off is said to be _____.

answer

volatile

question

A software suite is a collection of programs packaged together as a bundle and typically includes a word processor, spreadsheet program, graphics program, and more.

answer

True

question

An operating system with multiuser capabilities allows two or more users to run programs at the same time on the same computer.

answer

True

question

One of the disadvantages of proprietary software is that:

answer

it can take a long time and significant resources to develop the required software features.

question

Middleware is software that allows various systems to communicate and exchange data.

answer

True

question

_____ are the most powerful computers with the fastest processing speed and highest performance.

answer

Supercomputers

question

Software as a Service (SaaS) allows businesses to subscribe to Web-delivered application software by paying a monthly service charge or a per use fee.

answer

True

question

Compared to secondary storage, main memory offers the advantages of non-volatility, greater capacity, and greater economy.

answer

False

question

RAM stands for random access memory, a form of memory that holds its contents even if the current is turned off or disrupted.

answer

False

question

Software upgrades vary widely in the benefits that they provide, and what some people call a benefit others might call a drawback.

answer

True

question

_____ are sets of keywords, symbols, and rules for constructing statements that people can use to communicate instructions to a computer.

answer

Programming languages

question

5G is a term used to identify the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond 4G.

answer

True

question

In cloud computing, software and storage are accessed without a Web browser.

answer

False

question

In a _____, all network devices are connected to a common backbone that serves as a shared communications medium.

answer

bus network

question

Organizations can use networks to share hardware, programs, and databases.

answer

True

question

A local area network (LAN) can be used to connect a laptop, digital camera, and portable printer without cables.

answer

False

question

A router is a network device that serves as an entrance to another network.

answer

False

question

Web sites such as Wikipedia, YouTube, and Facebook are examples of Web 1.0 sites.

answer

False

question

Conducting classes over the Web with no physical class meetings is called content streaming.

answer

False

question

Telecommunications is changing the nature of commerce itself.

answer

True

question

Businesses find Twitter to be a rich source of customer sentiment that can be tapped to improve marketing, customer relations, and product development.

answer

True

question

A _____ is a telecommunications network that connects users and their computers in a geographical area that spans a campus or city.

answer

metropolitan area network (MAN

question

John is traveling on a bus and has interconnected his smartphone, laptop, and digital camera to download digital photos from his camera to his phone and laptop. In this case, John is using a _____.

answer

personal area network (PAN)

question

A _____ is a valuable tool that enables a user to find information on the Web by specifying words or phrases known as keywords, which are related to a topic of interest.

answer

search engine

question

_____ is a Web address that specifies the exact location of a Web page using letters and words that map to an IP address and a location on the host.

answer

A Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

question

The _____ was the ancestor of the Internet.

answer

ARPANET

question

Cloud computing refers to the use of computing resources, including software and data storage, on local computers.

answer

False

question

While all types of personal computers have their own advantages and disadvantages, many people favor the mobility, functionality, and cost associated with tablet computers.

answer

True

question

A _____ is a defect in a computer program that keeps it from performing as its users expect it to perform.

answer

software bug

question

Application software applies the power of a computer to give individuals, workgroups, and the entire enterprise the ability to solve problems and perform specific tasks.

answer

True

question

Application software, such as Microsoft Windows, manages basic computer operations such as start-up.

answer

False

question

RAM stands for random access memory, a form of memory that holds its contents even if the current is turned off or disrupted.

answer

False

question

Quality information that can be used for a variety of purposes is said to be _____.

answer

flexible

question

5G is a term used to identify the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond 4G.

answer

True

question

An agreement between two or more companies that involves the joint introduction and distribution of goods and services is called ______.

answer

strategic partnership

question

A local area network (LAN) can be used to connect a laptop, digital camera, and portable printer without cables.

answer

False

question

Conducting classes over the Web with no physical class meetings is called content streaming.

answer

False

question

A _____ is a telecommunications network that connects users and their computers in a geographical area that spans a campus or city.

answer

metropolitan area network (MAN)

question

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a network of links on the Internet to documents containing text, graphics, video, and sound.

answer

True

question

Telecommunications is changing the nature of commerce itself.

answer

True

question

Software upgrades vary widely in the benefits that they provide, and what some people call a benefit others might call a drawback.

answer

True

question

Mobile commerce (m-commerce) is the use of mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct business.

answer

True

question

Businesses find Twitter to be a rich source of customer sentiment that can be tapped to improve marketing, customer relations, and product development.

answer

True

question

Providing information to customers can help companies increase revenues and profits.

answer

True

question

Employers often search the Internet to find information about potential employees before they make hiring decisions.

answer

True

question

An organization can have only one value chain.

answer

False

question

In information systems, _____ is information from a system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities.

answer

feedback

question

John is traveling on a bus and has interconnected his smartphone, laptop, and digital camera to download digital photos from his camera to his phone and laptop. In this case, John is using a _____.

answer

personal area network (PAN)

question

Michael Porter proposed a now widely accepted competitive forces model that includes _____ forces.

answer

five

question

An Internet service provider (ISP) is a Web address that specifies the exact location of a Web page using letters and words that map to an IP address and a location on the host.

answer

False

question

The time value of money is one of the factors taken into account for the calculation of payback period.

answer

False

question

Over the years, the Web has evolved from a one-directional resource where users only obtain information to a two-directional resource where users obtain and contribute information.

answer

True

question

In cloud computing, software and storage are accessed without a Web browser.

answer

False

question

Information is simply a collection of raw facts such as an employee number or the total hours worked in a week.

answer

False

question

A router is a network device that serves as an entrance to another network.

answer

False

question

The _____ was the ancestor of the Internet.

answer

ARPANET

question

The network operating system (NOS) performs similar functions for the network as operating system software does for a computer, such as memory and task management and coordination of hardware.

answer

True

question

The _____ visa program allows skilled employees from foreign lands into the United States.

answer

H-1B

question

A(n) _____ is a single Web site that offers many products and services at one Internet location.

answer

cybermall

question

A key sector of wholesale e-commerce is spending on manufacturing, repair, and operations (MRO) goods and services.

answer

True

question

A(n) _____ is an electronic forum where manufacturers, suppliers, and competitors buy and sell goods, trade market information, and run back-office operations.

answer

electronic exchange

question

AdMob is a mobile advertising provider that serves up ads for displays on Business-to-business (B2B) Web sites.

answer

False

question

A(n) _____ offers personalized shopping consultations for shoppers interested in upscale, contemporary clothing—dresses, sportswear, denim apparel, handbags, jewelry, shoes, and gifts.

answer

e-boutique

question

Product lifecycle management (PLM) software and its data are used by both internal and external users.

answer

True

question

Many manufacturers and retailers now send mobile coupons directly to consumers' smartphones.

answer

True

question

Large organizations, specifically members of the Fortune 1000, were the first to take on the challenge of implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP).

answer

True

question

Digital certificates verify both purchaser and supplier identities in an e-commerce transaction.

answer

True

question

An obstacle to business-to-business (B2C) e-commerce is that many goods and services are more expensive when purchased via the Web.

answer

False

question

Although the business-to-business (B2B) market grabs more of the news headlines, the business-to-consumer (B2C) market is considerably larger and is growing more rapidly.

answer

False

question

Although conversion to an e-commerce or m-commerce system enables organizations to reduce the cost of business, it seldom results in increased accuracy of order processing and order fulfillment.

answer

False

question

For m-commerce to work effectively, the interface between the wireless, handheld device and its user must improve to the point that it is nearly as easy to purchase an item on a wireless device as it is to purchase it on a PC.

answer

True

question

The ______ is a credit card-sized device with an embedded microchip to provide memory and processing capability.

answer

smart card

question

In a purchasing system, when an invoice arrives from a supplier, it is matched to ______ and a check is generated if all data is complete and consistent.

answer

the original order and the receiving report

question

A customer relationship management (CRM) system helps plan, execute, and control all the activities involved in raw material sourcing and procurement, conversion of raw materials to finished products, and the warehousing and delivery of finished product to customers.

answer

False

question

The market for mobile commerce in North America is maturing much later than in Western Europe and Japan.

answer

True

question

Supply chain management software automates and integrates the functions of sales, marketing, and service in an organization.

answer

False

question

During the recent economic downturn, many people and businesses have turned to bartering as a means of gaining goods and services and a number of Web sites have been created to support this activity.

answer

True

question

In the context of e-commerce software, _____ helps customers select the necessary components and options.

answer

product configuration

question

With a group decision support system, people must take turns addressing various issues, and one person normally talks at a time.

answer

False

question

Most financial management information systems integrate financial and operational information from multiple sources, including the Internet, into a single system.

answer

True

question

A well-known model developed by Herbert Simon divides the decision making phase of the problem solving process into five stages.

answer

False

question

A satisficing model is one that finds a good, but not necessarily the best, solution to a problem.

answer

True

question

Developers of decision support systems have made them less flexible compared to management information systems.

answer

False

question

Marketing functions determine the various media to be used to inform potential customers about a product or service.

answer

True

question

A(n) _____ is the component of a decision support system that allows managers and decision makers to perform quantitative analysis on both internal and external data.

answer

model base

question

Many manufacturing operations have been dramatically improved over the last decade as a result of advances in information systems.

answer

True

question

Smaller companies hesitate to hire outside accounting firms to assist them with their accounting functions.

answer

False

question

An effective _____ MIS enables an organization to keep personnel costs at a minimum while serving the required business processes needed to achieve corporate goals.

answer

human resource

question

A(n) _____ is a type of management report that is automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires management action.

answer

exception report

question

Marketing functions are increasingly being performed on the Internet and mobile devices.

answer

True

question

A(n) _____ is an assessment of how well management uses the resources of an organization and how effectively organizational plans are being executed.

answer

operational audit

question

In the context of decision support system framework developed by Anthony Gorry and Michael Scott Morton, one characteristic of a structured decision is that _____.

answer

it involves known variables that can be measured quantitatively

question

A typical decision support system (DSS) includes many components including a(n) _____ which allows decision makers to easily access and manipulate the DSS and to use common business terms and phrases.

answer

dialogue manager

question

Decision support systems can provide help for managers at various levels within an organization.

answer

True

question

The Delphi approach is a group decision making approach that encourages diversity among group members and fosters creativity and original thinking in decision making.

answer

False

question

In the _____ stage of the problem-solving process, alternative solutions to a problem are developed and their feasibility is evaluated.

answer

design

question

According to Anthony Gorry and Michael Scott Morton's framework on decision support systems, the decisions where only some of the variables can be measured quantitatively are called _____.

answer

semistructured decisions

question

Scheduled reports generated by management information systems are produced periodically, such as daily weekly, or monthly.

answer

True

question

Manufacturing companies seldom use computer-assisted design with new or existing products.

answer

False

question

Multivoting is any one of a number of voting processes used in the nominal group technique of decision-making to reduce the number of options to be considered.

answer

True

question

An executive dashboard is a diagram that presents a set of key performance indicators about the state of a process at a specific point in time to enable managers make better real-time decisions.

answer

True

question

During the _____ stage of the decision-making phase, a course of action is selected.

answer

Choice

question

Product pricing is important to identify products, sales personnel, and customers that contribute to profits and those that do not.

answer

False

STUDY

Database Management System Database Management Systems Databases Knowledge Management System Structured Query Language

ISBC 217 – Flashcard 42 terms

Rebecca Baker

42 terms

Preview

ISBC 217 – Flashcard

question

The purpose of a database is to ________.

answer

Store lists of data involving multiple themes

question

A ________ is a self-describing collection of integrated records.

answer

Database

question

1) The purpose of a database is to ________.

answer

question

D) store lists of data involving multiple themes

answer

question

2) A ________ is a self-describing collection of integrated records.

answer

question

C) database

answer

question

3) Which of the following best describes a byte in a database?

answer

question

A) It is a character of data.

answer

question

4) In a database, bytes are grouped into ________.

answer

question

B) columns

answer

question

5) In a database, columns are also called ________.

answer

question

D) fields

answer

question

6) In a database, rows are also called ________.

answer

question

A) records

answer

question

7) In a database, the collection of data for all columns is called a ________.

answer

question

A) record

answer

question

8) In a database, a group of similar rows is called a ________.

answer

question

A) table

answer

question

9) In a database, a table, which is a group of similar rows, is also called a ________.

answer

question

C) file

answer

question

10) Which of the following best describes the metadata in a database?

answer

question

B) special data that describes the structure of a database

answer

question

11) In a database, a ________ is a column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table.

answer

question

D) key

answer

question

12) In a database, columns that are keys of a different table than the one in which they reside are known as ________ keys.

answer

question

A) foreign

answer

question

13) Databases that carry their data in the form of tables and represent relationships using foreign keys are called ________ databases.

answer

question

C) relational

answer

question

14) In a database, a table is formally referred to as a ________.

answer

question

D) relation

answer

question

15) Special data that describe the data contained in a database are called ________.

answer

question

C) metadata

answer

question

16) A(n) ________ is a program that is used to create, process, and administer a collection of self-describing integrated records.

answer

question

C) database management system (DBMS)

answer

question

17) Which of the following is a DBMS product from Microsoft?

answer

question

B) SQL Server

answer

question

18) ________ is a popular enterprise DBMS product from IBM.

answer

question

A) DB2

answer

question

19) Which of the following is a function of the DBMS?

answer

question

D) processing a database by inserting or modifying data

answer

question

20) The DBMS provides applications for processing operations such as ________.

answer

question

C) inserting or deleting data

answer

STUDY

Client Server Architecture Data Data Mining Tools Database Management Systems Database Systems

CSIS 304 Chapter 10-13 – Flashcards 115 terms

Daphne Armenta

115 terms

Preview

CSIS 304 Chapter 10-13 – Flashcards

question

true

answer

The mainframe environment enables an OLAP system to be divided into several components that define its architecture.

question

unrelated

answer

As long as two transactions, T1 and T2, access ____ data, there is no conflict, and the order of execution is irrelevant to the final outcome. shared common unrelated locked

question

high normalization

answer

A characteristic of operational data is ____. summarized data hundreds of gigabytes high normalization historic data

question

Failure

answer

____ transparency ensures that the system will continue to operate in the event of a node failure. Transaction Distribution Failure Performance

question

exclusive lock

answer

A(n) ____ specifically reserves access to the transaction that locked the object. shared lock exclusive lock binary lock deadlock

question

SQL performance

answer

On the client side, the objective is to generate a SQL query that returns the correct answer in the least amount of time, using the minimum amount of resources at the server end. The activities required to achieve that goal are commonly referred to as ____ tuning. client and server database SQL performance DBMS performance

question

when the first SQL statement is encountered

answer

The implicit beginning of a transaction is _____. 1) when the database is started 2) when a table is accessed for the first time 3) when the first SQL statement is encountered 4) when the COMMIT command is issued

question

True

answer

The transaction recovery write-ahead-log protocol ensures that transaction logs are always written before any database data are actually updated. True False

question

The end of a program is successfully reached

answer

ANSI defines four events that signal the end of a transaction. Of the following events, which is defined by ANSI as being equivalent to a COMMIT? 1) Five SQL statements are executed. 2) The end of a program is successfully reached 3) The program is abnormally terminated. 4) The database is shut down for maintenance.

question

True

answer

To work with data, the DBMS must retrieve the data from permanent storage and place it in RAM. 1) True 2) False

question

INDEX(P_QOH_NDX)

answer

When setting optimizer hints, _____ instructs the optimizer to minimize the overall execution time, that is, to minimize the time it takes to return the total number of rows in the query result set. This hint is generally used for batch mode processes. 1) ALL_ROWS 2) FIRST_ROWS 3) INDEX(P_QOH_NDX) 4) OPTIMIZATION_ROWS

question

full table

answer

If there is no index, the DBMS will perform a _____ scan. 1) loop 2) range 3) row ID table access 4) full table

question

sort

answer

The _____ cache is used as a temporary storage area for ORDER BY or GROUP BY operations, as well as for index-creation functions. 1) data 2) SQL 3) sort 4) optimizer

question

procedure cache

answer

The _____ is a shared, reserved memory area that stores the most recently executed SQL statements or PL/SQL procedures, including triggers and functions. 1) buffer cache 2) procedure cache 3) data cache 4) permanent storage

question

Parsing

answer

Which of the following is the first step of query processing at the DBMS server end? 1) Executing 2) Parsing 3) Fetching 4) Delivering

question

False

answer

Character field comparisons are faster than numeric, date, and NULL comparisons. 1) True 2) False

question

False

answer

The SQL cache stores the end-user written SQL. 1) True 2) False

question

False

answer

A cost-based optimizer uses a set of preset rules and points to determine the best approach to execute a query. 1) True 2) False

question

False

answer

An index scan is less efficient than a full table scan. 1) True 2) False

question

data

answer

The majority of primary memory resources will be allocated to the _____ cache. 1) data 2) SQL 3) sort 4) optimizer

question

DBMS performance

answer

On the server side, the database environment must be properly configured to respond to clients' requests in the fastest way possible, while making optimum use of existing resources. The activities required to achieve this goal are commonly referred to as _____ tuning. 1) client and server 2) database SQL 3) SQL performance 4) DBMS performance

question

parses

answer

The DBMS _____ the SQL query and chooses the most efficient access/execution plan. 1) parses 2) executes 3) fetches 4) processes

question

False

answer

DBMS implementations are typically similar in complexity to two-tier client/server configurations. 1) True 2) False

question

file groups

answer

A system table space, a user data table space, an index table space, and a temporary table space are examples of _____. 1) procedure caches 2) file groups 3) data caches 4) operation modes

question

extends

answer

A DBA determines the initial size of the data files that make up the database; however, as required, the data files can automatically expand in predefined increments known as _____. 1) procedure cache 2) buffer cache 3) supplements 4) extends

question

True

answer

The data cache caches system catalog data and the contents of the indexes. 1) True 2) False

question

False

answer

All transaction management commands are processed during the parsing and execution phases of query processing. 1) True 2) False

question

SQL performance

answer

On the client side, the objective is to generate an SQL query that returns a correct answer in the least amount of time, using a minimum amount of resources at the server end. The activities required to achieve this goal are commonly referred to as _____ tuning. 1) client SQL 2) database SQL 3) SQL performance 4) DBMS performance

question

True

answer

The primary factor in determining the most efficient access plan is the I/O cost. 1) True 2) False

question

True

answer

The purpose of an I/O operation is to move data to and from different computer components or devices. 1) True 2) False

question

False

answer

Good database performance is easy to evaluate. 1) True 2) False

question

increased read performance but no fault tolerance.

answer

In the context of RAID levels, striped arrays provide: 1) increased read performance and fault tolerance. 2) increased fault tolerance but decreased performance. 3) increased read performance but no fault tolerance. 4) neither fault tolerance nor good performance.

question

True

answer

Working with data in the data cache is many times faster than working with data in the data files. 1) True 2) False

question

rollback segment

answer

The _____ table space is used for transaction-recovery purposes. 1) system 2) user data 3) temporary 4) rollback segment

question

True

answer

All factors must be checked to ensure that each system component operates at its optimum level and has sufficient resources to minimize the occurrence of bottlenecks. 1) True 2) False

question

False

answer

RAID systems use a single disk to create storage volumes. 1) True 2) False

question

False

answer

Indexes do not facilitate join operations. 1) True 2) False

question

True

answer

Using index characteristics, a database designer can determine the best type of index to use. 1) True 2) False

question

True

answer

Fully equivalent means that the optimized query results are always the same as the original query. 1) True 2) False

question

data cache

answer

The _____ must be set large enough to permit as many data requests to be serviced from cache as possible. 1) data cache 2) SQL cache 3) sort cache 4) optimizer mode

question

True

answer

DBMS performance tuning includes global tasks such as managing the DBMS processes in primary memory and managing the structures in physical storage. 1) True 2) False

question

False

answer

Most current-generation relational DBMSs perform automatic query optimization at the client end. 1) True 2) False

question

table space

answer

A(n) _____ is a logical grouping of several data files that store data with similar characteristics. 1) procedure cache 2) table space 3) data cache

question

DBMS finds the most cost-effective access path without user intervention.

answer

Automatic query optimization means that the: 1) optimization takes place at compilation time by the programmer. 2) DBMS finds the most cost-effective access path without user intervention. 3) optimization process is scheduled and selected by the end user or programmer. 4) database access strategy is defined when the program is executed.

question

data files; procedure cache

answer

To work with data, a DBMS must retrieve the data from _____ and place them in _____. 1) data files; procedure cache 2) RAM; data cache 3) permanent storage; RAM 4) temporary files; procedure cache

question

batch

answer

In standard SQL, the optimizer hint ALL_ROWS is generally used for _____ mode processes. 1) interactive 2) real-time 3) batch 4) transaction

question

in-memory

answer

From the performance point of view, _____ databases eliminate disk access bottlenecks. 1) RAID 2) distributed 3) index-organized 4) in-memory

question

procedure/SQL

answer

The _____ cache stores the most recently executed SQL statements. 1) data 2) procedure 3) sort 4) optimizer

question

an entire physical disk block.

answer

When moving data from permanent storage to RAM, an I/O disk operation retrieves: 1) an entire table. 2) an entire physical disk block. 3) only the row containing the attribute requested. 4) only the attribute which was requested.

question

mirroring

answer

In the context of RAID levels, _____ refers to writing the same data blocks to separate drives. 1) striping 2) mirroring 3) partitioning 4) aggregating

question

true

answer

A fully replicated database stores multiples copies of each database fragment at multiple sites.

question

true

answer

A partially replicated database stores multiples copies of some database fragment at multiple sites.

question

True

answer

One of the advantages of a DDBMS is growth facilitation. True False

question

False

answer

A remote transaction, composed of several requests, may access data at multiple sites. 1) True 2) False

question

two-phase commit protocol (2PC)

answer

The _____ guarantees that if a portion of a transaction operation cannot be committed, all changes made at the other sites participating in the transaction will be undone to maintain a consistent database state. 1) DO-UNDO-REDO protocol 2) two-phase commit protocol (2PC) 3) coordinator protocol 4) write-ahead protocol

question

False

answer

One of the advantages of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) is that the data is located near the site with the least demand. 1) True 2) False

question

unreplicated

answer

A(n) _____ database stores each database fragment at a single site. 1) partially replicated 2) unreplicated 3) fully replicated 4) partitioned

question

query

answer

The objective of _____ optimization is to minimize the total cost associated with the execution of a request. 1) data 2) remote 3) transaction 4) query

question

True

answer

The World Wide Web is the repository for distributed data. 1) True 2) False

question

Heterogeneous

answer

_____ distributed database systems integrate different types of centralized database management systems (DBMS) over a network. 1) Homogeneous 2) Heterogeneous 3) Fully homogeneous 4) Combination

question

True

answer

In order to manage distributed data, copies or parts of the database processing functions must be distributed to all data storage sites. 1) True 2) False

question

False

answer

A transaction processor (TP) is the software component residing on each computer that stores and retrieves data located at the site. 1) True 2) False

question

distributed data dictionary

answer

A _____ contains the description of the entire database as seen by the database administrator. 1) distributed global dictionary 2) distributed data dictionary 3) distributed global schema 4) distributed data schema

question

True

answer

Performance transparency ensures that the system finds the most cost-effective path to access remote data. 1) True 2) False

question

True

answer

Distributed processing shares a database's logical processing among two or more physically independent sites that are connected through a network. 1) True 2) False

question

multiple-site processing, single-site data

answer

Under the _____ scenario, all record- and file-locking activities are performed at the end-user location. 1) single-site processing, single-site data 2) multiple-site processing, single-site data 3) single-site processing, multiple-site data 4) multiple-site processing, multiple-site data

question

True

answer

The transaction processor (TP) is the software component found in each computer that requests data. 1) True 2) False

question

there are lack of standards.

answer

A disadvantage of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) is that: Question 16 options: 1) it is slower in terms of data access. 2) adding new sites affects other sites' operations. 3) it is processor dependent. 4) there are lack of standards.

question

Data

answer

_____ fragmentation allows a user to break a single object into two or more segments, or fragments. 1) Horizontal 2) Vertical 3) Data 4) Request

question

False

answer

A distributed database management system (DDBMS) must be communications-media-dependent. 1) True 2) False

question

True

answer

Both distributed processing and distributed databases require a network of interconnected components. 1) True 2) False

question

mutual consistency

answer

The _____ rule requires that all copies of data fragments be identical. 1) shared fragment 2) mutual consistency 3) horizontal fragmentation 4) replication

question

True

answer

Current distributed database management system (DDBMS) are subject to some problems, such as the complexity of management and control. 1) True 2) False

question

False

answer

Distributed database systems do not require complex mechanisms to manage transactions and ensure the database's consistency and integrity. 1) True 2) False

question

Reduced operating costs

answer

Which of the following is an advantage associated with a distributed database management system (DDBMS)? 1) Reduced operating costs 2) Simplicity of management and control 3) Decreased storage requirements 4) Decreased training costs

question

Homogeneous

answer

_____ distributed database management system (DDBMS) integrate multiple instances of the same DBMS over a network. 1) Homogeneous 2) Heterogeneous 3) Fully heterogeneous 4) Combination

question

fully heterogeneous

answer

A _____ distributed database system will support different database management systems (DBMS) that may even support different models running under different computer systems. 1) fully heterogeneous 2) fully homogeneous 3) homogeneous 4) heterogeneous

question

False

answer

In the single-site processing, single-site data (SPSD) scenario, all processing must be done on the end user's side of the system. 1) True 2) False

question

Remote data access is provided on a read-only basis.

answer

A DDBMS is subject to which of the following restrictions? 1) Multiple instances of the same database should be integrated over a network. 2) All database processing must be done at a single site. 3) Rapid ad hoc data access is not possible. 4) Remote data access is provided on a read-only basis.

question

fragments

answer

A distributed database is composed of several parts known as database _____. 1) sections 2) fragments 3) partitions 4) parts

question

True

answer

Distribution transparency is supported by a distributed data dictionary. 1) True 2) False

question

distributed

answer

A _____ request lets a single SQL statement reference data located at several different local or remote DP sites. 1) distributed 2) transaction 3) fragmented 4) remote

question

Failure

answer

_____ transparency ensures that the system will continue to operate in the event of a node or network malfunction. 1) Transaction 2) Distribution 3) Failure 4) Performance

question

Performance

answer

_____ transparency allows the system to operate as if it were a centralized database management system. 1) Heterogeneity 2) Distribution 3) Performance 4) Failure

question

data

answer

The _____ processor is the software component residing on each computer that stores and retrieves data located at the site. 1) transaction 2) network 3) data 4) management

question

Fragmentation

answer

_____ transparency is the highest level of transparency. The end user or programmer does not need to know that a database is partitioned. 1) Performance 2) Fragmentation 3) Location 4) Local mapping

question

Heterogeneity

answer

_____ transparency allows the integration of several different local database management systems (DBMS) under a common, or global, schema. 1) Transaction 2) Performance 3) Distribution 4) Heterogeneity

question

database processing functions to be distributed to all data storage sites. not sure

answer

Distributed processing does not require: 1) database processing functions to be distributed to all data storage sites. 2) an existing distributed database. 3) a network of interconnected components. 4) multiple sites to share processing chores.

question

formatting

answer

A database management system needs _____ to prepare the data for presentation to the end user or to an application program. 1) security 2) concurrency control 3) formatting 4) I/O interface

question

a growing number of remote locations

answer

A centralized database management is subject to a problem such as _____. 1) a growing number of remote locations 2) maintaining and operating small database systems 3) dependence on multiple sites 4) organizational flexibility of the database

question

False

answer

Rapid ad hoc data became unnecessary in the quick-response decision-making environment. 1) True 2) False

question

True

answer

A fully distributed database management system (DBMS) must perform all the functions of a centralized DBMS, and it must handle all necessary functions imposed by the distribution of data and processing. 1) True 2) False

question

False

answer

Distributed processing does not require a distributed database, and a distributed database does not require distributed processing. 1) True 2) False

question

True

answer

A distributed database management system (DDBMS) governs the storage and processing of logically related data over interconnected computer systems. 1) True 2) False

question

COMMIT

answer

The ANSI has defined standards that govern SQL database transactions. Transaction support is provided by two SQL statements: ____ and ROLLBACK. RETRIEVE ASSIGN UPDATE COMMIT

question

file group

answer

A(n) ____ is a logical grouping of several data files that store data with similar characteristics. procedure cache file group data files extends

question

an index

answer

Knowing the sparsity of a column helps you decide whether the use of ____ is appropriate. query processing query optimization an index a full table scan

question

Security

answer

____ is a disadvantage of a DDBMS. Processor independence The graphical user interface Security Data access that is too rapid

question

bitmapped

answer

A ____ index is based on 0 and 1 bits to represent a given condition. logical multidimensional star bitmapped

question

They support client/server architecture.

answer

What is one of the main characteristics of OLAP systems? They use single-dimensional data analysis techniques. They provide complex command-line end-user interfaces. They provide minimal database support. They support client/server architecture.

question

integration

answer

Data ____ implies that all business entities, data elements, data characteristics, and business metrics are described in the same way throughout the enterprise. volatility time-variation subject-orientation integration

question

Transaction

answer

____ transparency allows a transaction to update data at several network sites. Transaction Distribution Failure Performance

question

True

answer

The data warehouse development life cycle differs from classical systems development. True False

question

False

answer

Character field comparisons are faster than numeric, date, and NULL comparisons. True False

question

dimension tables

answer

In a star schema, dimensions are normally stored in ____. attributes indexes fact tables dimension tables

question

normalization

answer

The reliance on ____ as the design methodology for relational databases is seen as a stumbling block to its use in OLAP systems. normalization denormalization star schema multidimensional schema

question

system

answer

The ____ table space is used to store the data dictionary tables. system user data temporary rollback segment

question

read

answer

In the optimistic approach, during the ____ phase, a transaction scans the database, executes the needed computations, and makes the updates to a private copy of the database values. read validation write shared

question

write

answer

In the optimistic approach, during the ____ phase, changes are permanently applied to the database. read validation write shared

question

buffer cache

answer

The data cache or ____ is a shared, reserved memory area that stores the most recently accessed data blocks in RAM. buffer cache procedure cache SQL cache permanent storage

question

optimization mode

answer

Most DBMSs operate in one of two optimization modes: cost-based or rule-based. Others automatically determine the ____ based on whether database statistics are available. data cache SQL cache sort cache optimization mode

question

ANALYZE object_name COMPUTE STATISTICS;

answer

To generate database object statistics manually, you could use the following syntax: ____. 1-ANALYZE

object_name; 2-CREATE

object_name; 3- ANALYZE

object_name COMPUTE STATISTICS; 4-CREATE

object_name COMPUTE STATISTICS;

question

True

answer

The phenomenon of uncommitted data occurs when two transactions are executed concurrently and the first transaction is rolled back after the second transaction has already accessed the uncommitted data—thus violating the isolation property of transactions. True False

question

False

answer

Creating a data warehouse is a simple exercise that takes little time, money, or effort. True False

question

True

answer

A DDBMS governs the storage and processing of logically related data over interconnected computer systems. True False

STUDY

Data Database Management Systems Databases Operating Systems

DB211 – Chapter 1 Key Terms – Flashcards 50 terms

Mike Bryan

50 terms

Preview

DB211 – Chapter 1 Key Terms – Flashcards

question

When all data access programs are subject to change when any of the file's data storage characteristics change (that is, changing the data type)

answer

data dependence

question

a spur-of-the-moment question to the DBMS, the DBMS returns an answer, also known as a query result set.

answer

ad hoc query

question

Focus primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making.

answer

analytical databases

question

Describes a comprehensive approach to capture and process business data with the purpose of generating information to support business decision making.

answer

business intelligence

question

A database that supports data located at a single site.

answer

centralized database

question

Data are raw facts. Meaning the facts have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning.

answer

Data

question

Exsists when different versions of the same data appear in different places.

answer

data inconsistency

question

Hired to create a computer-based system that would track data and produce required reports.

answer

data processing (DP) specialist

question

a comprehensive approach to promoting the accuracy, validity, and timeliness of the data.

answer

data quality

question

a specialized database that stores data in a format optimized for decision support. The data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the operational databases as well as data from other external sources.

answer

data warehouse

question

A shared, integrated computer structure that stores a collection of: End-user data--that is, raw facts of interest to the end user. Metadata, or data about data, through which the end-user data are integrated and managed.

answer

database

question

refers to the actuates that focus on the design of the database structure that will be used to store and manage end-user data.

answer

database design

question

A collection of programs that manages the database strutter and controls access to the data stored in the database.

answer

Database Management System (DBMS)

question

A single-user database that runs on a personal computer.

answer

desktop database

question

Contain data focused on specific subject areas.

answer

discipline-specific database

question

A database that supports data distributed across several different sites.

answer

distributed database

question

When the database is used by the entire organization and supports many users (more than, usually hundreds) across many departments.

answer

enterprise database

question

A special language used to represent and manipulate data elements in a textual format.

answer

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

question

A character or group of characters (alphabetic or numeric) that has a specific meaning. A field is used to define and store data.

answer

field

question

A collection of related records. For example, a file might contain data about the students currently enrolled at Gigantic University.

answer

file

question

Contain wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines--for example, a census database that contains general demographic data, and the LexisNexis and ProQuest database that contain newspaper, magazine, and journal articles for a variety of topics.

answer

general-purpose database

question

The result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning. Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patterns or as complex as making forecasts or daring inferences using statistical modeling.

answer

information

question

the body of information and facts about a specific subject.

answer

knowledge

question

data about data, through which the end-user data are integrated and managed.

answer

metadata

question

supports multiple users at the same time.

answer

multiuser database

question

Generally used to describe a new generation of database management systems that is not based on the traditional relational database model.

answer

NoSQL (Not Only SQL)

question

A set of tools that work together to provide an advanced data analysis environment for retrieving, processing, and modeling data from the data warehouse.

answer

online analytical processing

question

A database that is designed primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations. Also known as an online transaction processing (OLTP), transactional, or productional database.

answer

operational database

question

A specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation. Simply a query is a question.

answer

query

question

the answer given when an ad hoc query is preformed.

answer

query result set

question

A logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing. For example, the fields that constitute a customer record might consist of the customer's name, address, phone number, state of birth, credit limit, and unpaid balance.

answer

record

question

supports only one user at a time.

answer

single-user database

question

Refers to Web and mobile technologies that enable "anywhere, anytime, always on" human interactions.

answer

social media

question

access to a file is dependent on its structure.

answer

structural dependence

question

exists when you can change the file structure without affecting the applications ability to access the data.

answer

structural independence

question

The result of formatting unstructured data to facilitate storage, use, and the generation of information.

answer

structural data

question

Data that exist in their original (raw) state--that is, in which they were collected. Therefore, unstructured data exist in a format that does not lend itself to the processing that yells information.

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unstructured data

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When a multiuser database supports a relatively small number of users ( usually fewer than 50) or a specific department

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workgroup database

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Supports the storage and management of semistructured XML data.

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XML database

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exists when you can change the data storage characteristics without affecting the program's ability to access the data.

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data independence

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how the human being views the data

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logical data format

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how the computer must work with the data

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physical data format

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storage of the same basic data in different locations

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islands of information

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exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places.

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Data redundancy

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the condition in which al data in the database are consistent with real-world events and conditions. *Data is accurate *Data is verifiable

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data integrity

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develops when not all of the required changes in the redundant data are made successfully

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data anomaly

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refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a database environment.

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database system

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relates to the activities that make the database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.

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performance tuning

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a nonprocedural language--one that lets the user specify what must be done without having to specify how.

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query language

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the de facto query language and data access standard supported by the majority of DBMS vendors.

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Structured Query Language (SQL)

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Database Management Systems Database Systems Online Transaction Processing Relational Database Model

Database Management System Chapter 1 – Flashcards 53 terms

Matthew Carle

53 terms

Preview

Database Management System Chapter 1 – Flashcards

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data

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raw facts, or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning to the end user

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information

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the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning

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knowledge

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the body of information and facts about a specific subject

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data management

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a process that focuses on data collection, storage, and retrieval. common functions include addition, deletion, modification, and listing

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database

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a shared, integrated computer structure that houses a collection of related data. contains two types of data: end-user data (raw facts) and metadata

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database management system (DBMS)

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the collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database

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data inconsistency

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a condition in which different versions of the same data yield different (inconsistent) results

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query

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a question or task asked by an end user of a database in the form of SQL code. a specific request for data manipulation issued by the end user or the application to the DBMS

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ad hoc query

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a "spur-of-the-moment" question

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query result set

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the collection of data rows returned by a query

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data quality

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a comprehensive approach to ensuring the accuracy, validity, and timeliness of data

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single-user database

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a database that supports only one user at a time

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desktop database

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a single-user database that runs on a personal computer

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multiuser database

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a database that supports multiple concurrent users

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workgroup database

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a multiuser database that usually suports fewer than 50 users or is used for a specific department in an organization

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enterprise database

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the overall company data representation, which provides support for present and expected future needs

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centralized database

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a database located at a single site

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distributed database

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a logically related database that is stored in two or more physically independent sites

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cloud database

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a database that is created and maintained using cloud services, such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS

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general-purpose database

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a database that contains a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines

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discipline-specific database

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a database that contains data focused on specific subject areas

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operational database

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a database designed primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations

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analytical database

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a database focused primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used for tactical or strategic decision making

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data warehouse

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a specialized database that stores historical and aggregated data in a format optimized for decision support

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online analytical processing (OLAP)

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a set of tools that provide advanced data analysis for retrieving, processing, and modeling data from the data warehouse

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business intelligence

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a set of tools and processes used to capture, collect, integrate, store, and analyze data to support business decision making

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unstructured data

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data that exists in its original, raw state; that is, in the format in which it was collected

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structured data

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data that has been formatted to facilitate storage, use, and information generation

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semistructured data

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data that has already been processed to some extent

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Extensible Markup Language (XML)

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a metalanguage used to represent and manipulate data elements. permits the manipulation of a document's data elements

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XML database

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a database system that stores and manages semistructured XML data

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social media

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web and mobile technologies that enable "anywhere, anytime, always on" human interactions

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NoSQL

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a new generation of database management systems that is not based on the traditional relational database model

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database design

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the process that yields the description of the database structure and determines the database components. the second phase of the Database Life Cycle

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data processing (DP) specialist

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the person responsible for developing and managing a computerized file processing system

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field

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a character or group of characters (alphabetic or numeric) that has a specific meaning. used to define and store data

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record

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a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing

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file

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a collection of related records

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structural dependence

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a data characteristic in which a change in the database schema affects data access, thus requiring changes in all access programs

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structural independence

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a data characteristic in which changes in the database schema do not affect data access

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data dependence

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a data condition in which data representation and manipulation are dependent on the physical data storage characteristics

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data independence

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a condition in which data access is unaffected by changes in the physical data storage characteristics

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logical data format

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the way a person views data within the context of a problem domain

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physical data format

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the way a computer "sees" (stores) data

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islands of information

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in the old file system environment, pools of independent, often duplicated, and inconsistent data created and managed by different departments

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data redundancy

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exists when the same data is stored unnecessarily at different places

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data integrity

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in a relational database, a condition in which the data in the database complies with all entity and referential integrity constraints

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data anomaly

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a data abnormality in which inconsistent changes have been made to a database

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database system

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an organization of components that defines and regulates the collection, storage, management, and use of data in a database environment

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data dictionary

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a DBMS component that stores metadata - data about data. contains data definitions as well as data characteristics and relationships. may also include data that is external to the DBMS

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performance tuning

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activities that make a database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed

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query language

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a nonprocedural language that is used by a DBMS to manipulate its data

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Structured Query Language (SQL)

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a powerful and flexible relational database language composed of commands that enable users to create database and table structures, perform various types of data manipulation and data administration, and query the database to extract useful information

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Computer Applications Database Management Systems Divided Into Two Categories Software Text And Graphics

Almost, Maine Script: Seeing The Thing – Flashcards 52 terms

Sara Graham

52 terms

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Almost, Maine Script: Seeing The Thing – Flashcards

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