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18th Century
A Level History
Bring About Change
British Literature
Economics
Purpose For Writing
Writing
18th c.: "A Modest Proposal" – Flashcards 20 terms

Brooke Sharp
20 terms
Preview
18th c.: "A Modest Proposal" – Flashcards
question
All of the following are problems afflicting Ireland with which Swift is concerned in this essay EXCEPT:
answer
The breakdown of parental authority
question
What is the primary consideration of the speaker's argument?
answer
Economics
question
According to the speaker, all of the following are advantages of his proposal EXCEPT that:
answer
The number of absentee landlords will fall
question
Which of the following best describes the cumulative effect on the reader of the speaker's presenting the advantages of his proposal one after another?
answer
Horrifying
question
To remove all suggestion of irony from the title of this essay, one might rename it:
answer
"An Outrageous Proposal"
question
The overall tone of this essay could best be described as _____
answer
Mock-earnest
question
Swift's main purpose in writing this essay was most probably to: ____
answer
Shock the reader into realizing the plight of Ireland's poor
question
The speaker believes that the answer to Ireland's problems lies in _____
answer
Cannibalism
question
According to the speaker's calculations, the greatest number of children born in Ireland _____
answer
Are born into poverty
question
When the speaker argues that only one male for every four females need be reserved for breeding he is implying that _____
answer
Poor people are not faithful to one mate
question
Which of the following best describes the values of the "experts" to whom the speaker refers?
answer
Materialistic
question
What point does Swift make through the speaker's statement that the landlords have "already devoured most of the parents" of poor children?
answer
Landlords are responsible for the poverty of poor people
question
Swift suggests that the main problem with absentee landlords is that they ____
answer
Take from, but do not add to, Ireland's economy
question
What is one thing that Swift accomplishes by referring to people in this essay with such term as "dam," "breeders," and "salable commodity"?
answer
Treating them as animals
question
Explain why "A Modest Proposal" would be classified as an example of Jevenalian satire?
answer
B/c it's bitter and dark
question
Whose advice does Swift receive whenever he wishes to know what a child would taste like at a year old or 12 years old?
answer
By his American acquaintance
question
Swift would "not get a single penny" from his proposal. Why?
answer
Bc he has no children and they are too old to sell and his wife is too old
question
Name one of the things that Swift attacks or ridicules
answer
Landlords
question
List one of Swift's advantages
answer
Tenants will have something valuable on their own
question
Define Satire
answer
Writing that uses humor to ridicule human vice and folly
Bring About Change
Coping With Stress
Family Psychology
Family Therapy
Social Issues
Structural Family Therapy
Chapter 14- Family Systems Therapy – Flashcards 80 terms

Gabriela Compton
80 terms
Preview
Chapter 14- Family Systems Therapy – Flashcards
question
Who was the first person of the modern era to do family therapy?
answer
a. Adler
question
Which family therapist made use of innovative interventions such as metaphor, reframing, rules for interaction, parts party, family reconstructions, family sculpting, and family maps?
answer
c. Satir
question
Which of the following statements about strategic family therapy is not true?
answer
e. Presenting problems are viewed as being symptomatic of a dysfunction within the system.
question
Alfred Adler was the first to notice that the development of children within family constellations was heavily influenced by:
answer
e. birth order.
question
Postmodern thought has contributed to family therapy by:
answer
b. promoting the therapist's view of clients as the experts on their own lives.
question
Who was the person who refined Adler's concepts into a typology of mistaken goals and an organized approach to family therapy?
answer
e. Rudolf Dreikurs
question
The concept of triangulation is most associated with:
answer
b. Murray Bowen.
question
From the family systems perspective, symptoms are often viewed as:
answer
a. an expression of a set of habits and patterns within a family.
question
What is the technique in family therapy that casts a new light on a problem and provides a different interpretation for a problematic situation?
answer
d. reframing
question
A major contribution of Bowen's theory is the notion of
answer
b. differentiation of the self.
question
The systems perspective implies:
answer
c. individuals are best understood through the context of their role in their family.
question
Which is(are) a key role (or roles) of most family therapists?
answer
e. all of these
question
Which of the following techniques is a strategic family therapist least likely to use?
answer
c. family sculpting
question
A tool for collecting and organizing key relationships in a three-generational extended family is a:
answer
c. genogram.
question
Which of the following roles and functions would be least interesting to a structural family therapist?
answer
b. giving voice to the therapist's own impulses and fantasies
question
Which of the following is least associated with Satir's human validation process model?
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d. storied lives and narratives
question
The one central principle agreed upon by family therapy practitioners, regardless of their particular approach, is that
answer
a. the client is connected to living systems.
question
Which approach to family therapy contends that one's current family problems will not significantly change until relationship patterns in one's family of origin are understood and directly challenged?
answer
a. Bowenian family therapy
question
The techniques of joining, accommodating, unbalancing, tracking, and boundary making are most likely to be part of which approach to family therapy?
answer
c. structural family therapy
question
A major contribution of Whitaker's approach to family therapy is:
answer
d. spontaneity, creativity, and play as therapeutic factors in family therapy.
question
Roger and his wife are experiencing tension in their relationship because he believes she is far too lenient with their children when they misbehave. This forces him to play the role of "bad cop" as a parent, which makes him angry. A family therapist working with Roger and his family might:
answer
a. help to modify the family's transactional rules and develop more appropriate boundaries.
question
____________________ views the counselor and therapist as an observer who is outside of the system, can assess what is going on, and can promote change—all without ever becoming part of the system
answer
a. First-order cybernetics
question
Chun Hei is a Korean immigrant who has been separated from her family and friends for over a year since she came to the U.S. with her husband. She spends her days taking care of their two young children while he goes to work, and feels increasingly depressed without her support system. It is likely that a family therapist who meets Chun Hei:
answer
b. would be very interested in how her depression affects others in the family and how it influences family process.
question
Which approach assumes that a family can best be understood when it is analyzed from at least a three-generational perspective?
answer
a. Bowenian family therapy
question
Which approach asserts that emotional fusion to one's family must be addressed if one hopes to achieve a mature and unique personality?
answer
a. Bowenian family therapy
question
A couple directs the focus of their energy toward a problematic son as a way to avoid facing or dealing with their own conflicts. This is an example of:
answer
d. triangulation.
question
In working with a triangulated relationship, Bowen would be inclined to place primary emphasis on:
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c. maintaining a stance of neutrality.
question
Structural family therapy includes all of the following goals except for bringing about structural change by:
answer
e. the therapist taking a not-knowing stance with a family.
question
The opposite of a differentiated self is experienced as:
answer
a. emotional reactivity.
question
To prevent his parents from leaving the house, Miguel throws temper tantrums. His parents have given in to his demands and never go out to dinner or to movies anymore. A structural/strategic therapist working with Miguel and his parents will most likely:
answer
c. help Miguel's parents to develop differentiated selves.
question
Which of the following individuals is not associated with family therapy?
answer
c. Albert Ellis
question
Which approach would be most interested in the appropriateness of hierarchical structure in the family?
answer
c. structural family therapy
question
Jean-Pierre told the family therapist that his wife loses control of her temper with their children because of his demanding work schedule and his inability to be there to support her. Which communication stance has he adopted?
answer
a. blaming
question
Family atmosphere, family constellation, and mistaken goals are key concepts of:
answer
a. Adlerian family therapy.
question
Yelina seems to ignore the major marital problems that she and her husband Carlos are having as a result of sharp differences in their viewpoints on political and social issues that are affecting their native country, Cuba. Whenever a friend points out the tension she observes, Yelina changes the subject and talks about the weather forecast. Yelina is adopting which of the following communication stances?
answer
d. irrelevant
question
Which of the following theorists emphasized the development of a nurturing triad?
answer
c. Satir
question
Adlerian family therapy strives to______ as its goal.
answer
b. establish and support parents as effective leaders of the family
question
Problem descriptions and goal identification, typical day, the child interview and goal disclosure are techniques used in:
answer
d. Adlerian family therapy.
question
A potential limitation of the family systems model is:
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a. a particular family member's needs may be overshadowed by the needs of the system.
question
The therapy goals of promoting growth, self-esteem, and connection, and helping family members achieve congruent communication and interaction are most associated with which theory of family therapy?
answer
b. Satir's human validation process model
question
1. Bowen's multigenerational approach stresses techniques more than it does theory.
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False
question
2. Family systems therapy represents a paradigm shift that is sometimes called "the fourth force"
answer
True
question
3. Many of the most prominent structural family therapists have dedicated their efforts to working predominantly with African American and Hispanic families.
answer
True
question
4. The focus of Bowen's multigenerational approach is on dealing with family of origin issues and detriangulating relationships.
answer
True
question
5. The cornerstone of Bowen's theory is differentiation of self.
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True
question
6. Carl Whitaker's style focuses on his own spontaneous reactions and craziness as a way to tap material that a family keeps secret.
answer
True
question
7. Whitaker's experiential/symbolic approach is based on a well-developed theory of how a family changes.
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False
question
8. Satir's human validation model focuses on functional versus dysfunctional communication in families.
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True
question
9. Because Bowen's multigenerational approach looks at families from a three-generational perspective, the therapist is mainly interested in past happenings and does not pay much attention to present issues.
answer
False
question
10. Minuchin's structural therapy is based on the notion that an individual's symptoms are best understood from the vantage point of interactional patterns within a family, and that structural changes must occur in a family before an individual's symptoms can be resolved.
answer
True
question
11. Structural family therapy deals with boundaries.
answer
True
question
12. The goal of structural family therapy is to break down any hierarchical structure and replace it with equal relationships among all family members.
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False
question
13. Structural family therapists limit their interventions to families alone
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False
question
14. Minuchin's approach to therapy is geared more toward insight, rather than taking action
answer
False
question
15. Strategic family therapy has its foundation in communications theory.
answer
True
question
16. Strategic family therapists do not generally deal with the presenting problem; rather, they focus on the underlying symptom of a dysfunctional system.
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False
question
17. The focus of strategic family therapy is on growth and resolving historical conflicts in a family rather than on dealing with present problems of a family.
answer
False
question
18. Strategic family therapy stresses some of the same basic concepts as the structural approach to family therapy.
answer
True
question
19. The role of the strategic therapist involves being in charge of the session.
answer
True
question
20. Strategic therapists do not rely on therapy techniques to bring about change but instead give more stress to the therapist's relationship with a family.
answer
False
question
21. Minuchin and other structural family therapists initiated their work with wealthy suburban clients.
answer
False
question
22. Feminist, multicultural, and postmodern therapists are extremely aware of the power they have entering into already established systems, and they work to promote understanding through curiosity and interest rather than through formal assessments.
answer
False
question
23. Understanding family process is almost always facilitated by "how" questions.
answer
True
question
24. Assessment is not considered useful in the family systems perspective.
answer
False
question
25. Family therapists are wise to consider Western models of family functioning universal.
answer
False
question
26. Families are multilayered systems that both affect and are affected by the larger systems in which they are embedded.
answer
True
question
27. Family systems therapy can be used when working with individual clients.
answer
True
question
28. From a family systems perspective, an individual's dysfunctional behavior grows out of the interactional unit of the family as well as the larger community and societal systems.
answer
True
question
29. There is a trend in the field of family therapy toward rejecting an integrative model of practice
answer
False
question
30. Bowenian therapists function in ways to bring about change through action-oriented directives and paradoxical interventions.
answer
False
question
31. Given the complexity of the multilayered approach to family therapy, the therapist must adopt the role of "expert."
answer
False
question
32. According to Haley, who the therapist is as a person is far more important than specific intervention techniques.
answer
True
question
33. In Whitaker's experiential therapy, there is a greater focus on exploring past experiences than on here-and-now interaction between the family and the therapist.
answer
False
question
34. In experiential therapy, techniques are secondary to the relationship that the therapist is able to establish with the family.
answer
True
question
35. Joining, accommodation, and boundary making are techniques likely to be used by structural family therapists.
answer
True
question
36. Strategic therapists emphasiz e the value of therapist interpretation, exploring unresolved issues from the past, and insight.
answer
False
question
37. Within the field of family therapy, Virginia Satir has been the most influential leader in the development of both gender and cultural perspectives and frameworks in family practice
answer
False
question
38. Cloé Madanes developed conjoint family therapy.
answer
False
question
39. Because an individual is connected to a living system, change in one part of that system will result in change in the other parts.
answer
True
question
40. The main focus of family therapy is on past interactions and past conflicts as the best way to understand the dynamics of the family system.
answer
False
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Chapter 5: Strategic Family Therapy – Flashcards 69 terms

Charlotte Small
69 terms
Preview
Chapter 5: Strategic Family Therapy – Flashcards
question
What did strategic family therapy grow out of?
answer
The communication theory developed by Bateson's schizophrenia project
question
What does strategic family therapy emphasize?
answer
directive or task-oriented interventions over understanding the meaning of symptoms
question
What are the three distinct models?
answer
1. MRI brief therapy 2. Haley and Madanes Strategic Family Therapy 3. Milan Strategic Therapy
question
Where were all three models developed?
answer
At the Mental Research Institute in Paulo Alto
question
What and who influenced a lot of the strategic models?
answer
Influenced by hypnotic principles and Milton Erickson
question
What are the pragmatic strategies of problem solving and change?
answer
1. Brief 2. Efficient 3. Non-Pathological
question
What were the major contributions
answer
1. Problems can result from family interaction sequences 2. Families often unintentionally perpetuating their problems 3. Sudden change is possible
question
What was the result of the development of these models specifically the brief approach?
answer
The brief approach focused on interrupting cycles in which attempts to solve problems make the problems worse
question
Who developed Axioms?
answer
Watzlawick, Beavin, and Jackson
question
What are Axioms?
answer
Basic truths about communication
question
What are the four main basic truths of communication?
answer
1. people are always communicating 2. Communication defines the relationship between sender and receiver 3. Punctuation of communication sequences impacts the relationship 4. communication is either symmetrical or complementary
question
What does it mean that people are always communicating?
answer
- All behavior is communicative and so one cannot not communicate
question
What are a report function?
answer
The content of a message that conveys information
question
What is a command function?
answer
A command function dictates the relationship between sender and receiver, it is a statement that defines the relationship
question
What is symmetrical communication?
answer
when individuals communicate in similar ways (going to escalate)
question
What is complementary communication?
answer
when individuals have different communication systems defined by distance
question
What are the four main types of pathologic communication?
answer
1. Denying that one is communicating 2. Sending paradoxical messages 3. Discrepant punctuation of communication sequences 4. Symmetrical escalation
question
What is sending paradoxical messages?
answer
Messages the contradict themselves (telling them to do something that is inconsistent)
question
How is sending paradoxical messages best resolved?
answer
Through metacommunication
question
What is metacommunication?
answer
It is talking about the way they are communicating with one another
question
What do normal families have?
answer
1. They maintain integrity in the face of environmental challenges through negative feedback 2. Are able to communicate and are flexible
question
What are the three strategic vies of problem formation?
answer
1. cybernetic 2. structural 3. functional
question
What is cybernetic problem formation?
answer
- Attempted solutions perpetuate problems (positive feedback escalation) - Families want to maintain homeostasis
question
What is structural problem formation?
answer
Family rules or hierarchy promote problems
question
What are the two types of change in structural problem formation?
answer
first order and second order
question
What is first order change?
answer
It gets the family to change an action
question
What is second order change?
answer
It gets the family to change the family rule or underlying rules
question
What is functional problem formation?
answer
When problems are the result of people trying to protect or control one another covertly so their symptom serves a function for the system
question
What didi the MRI group use as problem formation?
answer
Just cybernetic
question
What did Haley use for problem formation?
answer
He added structural and functional to cybernetic
question
What did the Milan model use for problem formation
answer
All three but mostly functional
question
What is a directive?
answer
- An assignment, telling family to do something - Getting family to do something they wouldn't ordinarily do
question
What is reframing?
answer
- Helping family members understand symptoms in a different light - It can often make people fell better about
question
What is Paradoxical Intervention?
answer
1. Prescribe the symptom - do more of the symptom 2. Pretend technique 3. Tell family member to do something that will make them want to do things less
question
What is pretend technique?
answer
Telling the family to pretend to have the symptom
question
What is the function of the pretend technique?
answer
takes away the function of the symptom, the function is met by having the pretend symptom
question
What prescribing ordeals?
answer
When you make the symptom more trouble then it is worth. Example: insomnia - every time you wake up you have to mop the floor, its ends up being more trouble then its worth and we would rather just stay asleep
question
What are second order interventions?
answer
Changing the second order family structure problem and rules and getting the root of the issue
question
What does the Milan model emphasize?
answer
Questioning family belief symptoms attached to behaviors and interrupting destructive family games
question
What was the shift in focus on changing family behavior to?
answer
It shifted to changing families beliefs about their behavior
question
What did the Milan model believe about view of problem formation?
answer
It endorsed the 3 strategic views of problem formation (cybernetic, structural, and functional)
question
How does the Milan model view problem formation?
answer
As a "Game"
question
What is "The Game"?
answer
unacknowledged strategies and destructive pattern of family interactions in which members attempt to control each others behavior
question
Do family members have control over the rules of the game?
answer
No
question
What as a therapist do you want to do with the game?
answer
Change the rules of the game not the players
question
What are children symptoms often a result of?
answer
Power struggles between family members, often parents
question
What are the therapeutic goals of the Milan model?
answer
Help the family play a new game or a different game
question
how was the early Milan model structured?
answer
It was a very structured team approach drawing on strategic techniques
question
How was the evolved model structured?
answer
It was a more collaborative approach
question
What did the Milan Early Model mean by Long Term Brief Therapy?
answer
1. Low # of session but spread out 2. Meeting once a month over long time
question
What were the 5 steps in the structured treatment of the Milan Early model?
answer
1.Presession 2. Session 3. Intersession 4. Intervention 5. Post-session
question
What happens in presession?
answer
- Meeting with the team to discuss any prior knowledge on the family coming in
question
What happens in session?
answer
The conductor meets with the family
question
What happens in intersession?
answer
- a break - The conductor goes and meets with the team
question
What happens in intervention?
answer
the conductor goes back in and presents the intervention the team decided on
question
What happens in post session?
answer
The team meets with conductor and goes over what happened
question
What is positive connotation?
answer
Milan's take on reframing, emphasizes that symptoms protect family harmony
question
What are Counterparadoxes?
answer
telling family members not to chain or change too quickly. This slows down attempted solutions by the family
question
What are rituals?
answer
Prescribe the family to do something highly scripted, the interactions act to interrupt patterns in the family. An example of this would be having a "funeral" for a symptom
question
What is the invariant prescription?
answer
Used with schizophrenics and eating disorders patients. You tell parents to leave in mysterious ways it separates the parents and the child d
question
What is hypothesizing in the Milan Evolved Model?
answer
It is identifying ideas/theories of what going on and allowing hypothesis to dictate the conversations with families
question
What is neutrality?
answer
It is when the therapist creates distance between themselves and the client
question
What stance is the therapist encouraged to have during therapy in the Milan evolved model?
answer
A nonjudgemental stance
question
What are the four types of circular questioning?
answer
1.Relational/interaction pattern questions 2. Future-oriented questions 3. Comparisons and ranking questions 4. Before and after change questions
question
What are relational/interaction pattern questions?
answer
Asking family member what another family member does when something happens
question
What are future oriented questions?
answer
They are about the relationship between two from the view of another, how one person responds or would respond to actions of another EX: Asking child, How does your dad react when you mom leaves unexpectedly?
question
What are comparison and ranking questions?
answer
EX: Who gets the most upset when...
question
What are before and after change questions?
answer
EX: How did things change from before a certain event happened
question
What is the metaphor that the Milan Model uses to describe the destructive patterns of a family?
answer
"The Family Game"
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Make Believe Play
Problem Solving
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Strategic Family Therapy – Flashcards 24 terms

Sarah Taylor
24 terms
Preview
Strategic Family Therapy – Flashcards
question
Strategic Family Therapy
answer
a theory and model developed by Jay Haley and Chloe Madanes, with interventions that focus directly on changing the presenting problem. Therapy is not growth-oriented, but change-oriented, and the therapist takes responsibility for the success or failure of the outcome.
question
Strategic Humanism
answer
Haley and Madanes's more recent model is oriented toward increasing family members' ability to soothe and love rather than to gain control over one another.
question
Strategic Therapy Theorists
answer
Jay Haley/Chloe Madanes (Haley's concepts influenced by Erickson, Baetson and Minuchin)
question
Strategic Therapy Concepts
answer
Hierarchy of the Family, Flexibility, Clear Rules, Symptoms are communicative acts embedded in a pattern of interactions
question
Bio-Modal Feedback Mechanism
answer
(Strategic/Systemic) it's a rule bound mechanism by which a system remains unchanged so long as the internal or external environment is stable. If the environment changes, the system must respond in a new way
question
Case-Specific Symptom Process
answer
a Strategic technique in which symptomatic or other undesirable behaviors are paradoxically encouraged in order to lessen such behaviors or bring it under conscious control
question
Dramatization
answer
a Strategic (Madanes) technique in which a parent is directed to request that the Child intentionally Perform the problem Behavior. In this way, the symptom will not draw as much parental attention, and it no longer serves a purpose, it can be dropped.
question
Directive
answer
a Strategic intervention in which a therapist Gives the family a Task with the intent of changing stuck sequences. (2 types; Straightforward and Indirect)
question
Dysfunctional Hierarchy
answer
a Strategic concept where family decision-making structures do not allow the family to accomplish goals and meet the needs of the family members (i.e., Parents have Relinquished their Executive Function to their children).
question
Family Rules
answer
a Strategic concept that points out the Rules that Governs Family members' behavior and promote specific reactions.
question
Indirect Directive
answer
a Strategic Intervention that is Paradoxical. The therapist expects the family to resist the task (i.e., parents are asked to act as if it were impossible to take control of their child).
question
Incongruous Hierarchy
answer
a Strategic/Madanes concept that shows a dysfunctional structure in which children use symptoms to try to change their parents.
question
Initial Interview
answer
a therapy format associated with Haley in which the therapist conducts a structured interview consisting of four stages: social stage, problem stage, interactional stage, and goal-setting stage
question
Make Believe Play
answer
a technique used by Madanes in which the parents are asked to make-believe they need the child's help and the child is to make-believe helping them. This reduces the need for covert symptomatic relationships. Parents often reassert to a superior position.
question
Ordeal
answer
a Strategic therapy technique that is aimed at making the Symptom Harder to Keep than give up.
question
Paradoxical Intervention
answer
A Strategic Therapy intervention that is build around a statement containing Message at different logical levels that Contradict each other. This contradiction is used to perturb the system and generate change. (i.e., person is asked to keep/intensify his depression. If he rebels, the symptom must be given up. If he complies, the system has come under his control)
question
Pretending
answer
A Strategic (Madanes) paradoxical intervention where clients are instructed to Pretend they Have the Symptom. This causes the symptom to become voluntary, unreal and subject to change
question
Prescribing the Symptom
answer
a paradoxical Strategic technique in which the therapist attempts to unbalance the family structure by instructing the members to Continue or Increase the Problem or symptomatic Behavior in order to bring the behavior under conscious control or lessen the behavior as the family rebels against the instruction.
question
Reframing
answer
A Strategic Therapy technique in a which a therapist's Language and how he labels events Gives New, often positive, Meaning to a situation.
question
Straightforward Directive
answer
Strategic Intervention that is Not Paradoxical and the therapist expects the family to carry out the task as given (i.e., parents are asked to take control of their misbehaving child)
question
Therapeutic Paradox
answer
a Strategic Therapy intervention that entails Maneuvers that Appear to Contradict the Goals of therapy, yet are actually designed to achieve them
question
Strategic Therapy Theory of Dysfunction
answer
The family hierarchy is disordered and needs to be reordered, Unsuccessful problem solving efforts, Inability to adjust to life-cycle transitions and Triangulations/Coalitions.
question
Strategic Therapy Theory of Change and Treatment Plan
answer
Increase flexibility, Increase strategies for developmental and non-developmental change, Structural Reorganization (re-establish hierarchy), Eliminate triangles and coalitions, Resolve the Presenting Problem Only.
question
Strategic Therapeutic Stance and Length
answer
Active and Deliberate. Joining with the family. The therapist is an observer. Brief (symptom relief)
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internaitonal ch4 – Flashcards 65 terms

Claire Scott
65 terms
Preview
internaitonal ch4 – Flashcards
question
1. The sum total of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society is called _____. A. sensitivity B. congruence C. culture D. reference groups E. aesthetics
answer
Culture
question
32. When designing a product, the style, uses, and other related marketing activities must be made _____ if they are to be operative and meaningful. A. culturally acceptable B. politically acceptable C. technically efficient D. compatible to the present economy E. indifferent to societal conditions
answer
Culturally acceptable
question
33. When marketers first introduced the personal digital assistant (PDA) to the American consumer, they performed the role of being _____ because the cultural impact of the product became widespread. A. gatekeepers B. role players C. creators of supply D. agents of change E. promoters
answer
agents of change
question
34. In the context of culture's pervasive impact, which of the following is true about birthrates? A. A service economy usually has a higher birthrate than an industrial economy. B. Government policies and birth control technologies have caused a decline in birthrates. C. The economic status of a country has minimal impact on the birthrates in that country. D. Countries that move from agricultural economies to service economies experience increased birthrates. E. Agricultural economies find it hard to support high birthrates than industrial economies.
answer
Government policies and birth control technologies have caused a decline in birthrates.
question
35. Which of the following actions is important for foreign marketers in order to be effective in a foreign market? A. Learning to appreciate the intricacies of cultures different from their own. B. Ensuring that the promotions for the product are indifferent to social beliefs. C. Adhering to the prominent prejudices in the foreign society. D. Creating product differentiation by being indifferent to the culture of the foreign market. E. Making the product relate to the most prominent religion in the foreign culture.
answer
Learning to appreciate the intricacies of cultures different from their own.
question
36. According to Dutch management professor Geert Hofstede, culture is referred to as the: A. "software of the mind." B. "defining factor of life." C. "conflict of civilization versus the masses." D. "tool of the elite." E. "art's triumph over banality."
answer
software of the mind."
question
37. Which of the following reflects Dutch management professor Geert Hofstede's perception of culture? A. It is a weapon that is often used on the poor. B. It is a problem-solving tool. C. It is a bias that is used to justify racial inequality. D. It is a relationship enhancer. E. It is a reflection of a nation's evolution.
answer
It is a problem-solving tool.
question
38. James Day Hodgson, former U.S. ambassador to Japan, describes culture as a(n) _____, which according to him is tough to get through, but with effort and patience could often lead to success. A. culturally neutral market B. maze C. intelligence test D. thicket E. perseverance test
answer
thicket
question
39. According to Edward Hall's comments on culture, which of the following could hurt companies and careers in foreign markets? A. Adherence to the social norms of the foreign market. B. Being agents of change in the new market. C. Ignorance of cultural differences in the foreign market. D. Strict following of the political rules of the foreign society. E. Consideration of the economic system of the new market.
answer
Ignorance of cultural differences in the foreign market.
question
40. The process of adjusting to a new culture is known as: A. diffusion. B. culture transfer. C. acculturation. D. assimilation. E. transference.
answer
acculturation.
question
41. Which of the following is a way individuals learn culture from social institutions? A. Anarchy B. Socialization C. Cultural apathy D. Etiquette awareness E. Social rebellion
answer
Socialization
question
42. Most traditional definitions of _____ center around the notion that it is the sum of the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned, shared by a group of people, and transmitted from generation to generation. A. congruence B. sensitivity C. rituals D. demography E. culture
answer
Culture
question
43. Mike grew up learning a great deal about his culture from his school, the church, the mass media, and his family. This kind of learning of culture is called: A. acculturation. B. socialization. C. naturalization. D. emancipation. E. adaptation.
answer
Socialization
question
44. Mervin is excited about his new home in the Philippines. Though native of Los Angeles, he has been given the opportunity to learn about a new culture, form new friendships, and capitalize on opportunities that were not available in his previous home or workplace. He will go through what is known as _____ as he adjusts to living in the Philippines. A. acculturation B. socialization C. naturalization D. emancipation E. standardization
answer
acculturation
question
45. Family, religion, schools, the media, government, and corporations are all examples of a(n): A. social institution. B. cultural icon. C. internal variable. D. external variable. E. demographic variable.
answer
social institution
question
46. Which of the following is true with respect to Professor Jared Diamond's ideas regarding the influence of geography on history and cultural values? A. People in the plains are more likely to invade than those settled in higher altitudes. B. Historically, societies in the north are more developed than those in the south. C. Civilizations near major rivers are more developed than those settled near major oceans. D. Historically, innovations spread faster east to west than north to south. E. Historically, invasions from warrior tribes have always happened from the west to the east.
answer
historically, innovations spread faster east to west than north to south
question
47. Which of the following thinkers is famous for his statement on the deep influence of geography on history, economics, and consumer behavior? A. Jared Diamond B. Philip Parker C. Desmond Morris D. Noam Chomsky E. Jacques Derrida
answer
philip parker
question
48. New cola alternatives (Mecca Cola, Muslim Up, Arab Cola, and ColaTurka) sprang up after the military conflicts in the Middle East in 2003. This is an example that shows how: A. Coca-Cola played an important role in easing the cultural divide among the warring nations. B. American beverage companies diversify to cater to various markets. C. specific events in history can influence consumer behavior. D. businesses exploit cheap human labor during war-times. E. cultural aspects influence the development and acceptance of products.
answer
specific events in history can influence consumer behavior
question
49. Which of the following technological innovations has had a great impact on the gender-based determining of responsibilities and roles? A. Mobile phones B. Computers C. Aircraft D. The Internet E. Birth control pills
answer
Birth control pills
question
50. Which of the following is an unfavorable outcome of the usage of birth control pills? A. Educational institutions are finding it tougher to fill in seats. B. Midwifery, as a profession, is soon becoming extinct. C. More men and women are opting for a "one-child family." D. Women are increasingly taking up job roles traditionally reserved for men. E. Schools are forced to address issues like abstinence and condom distribution.
answer
Schools are forced to address issues like abstinence and condom distribution.
question
51. The _____ in India is a social institution that influences the roles and status positions found within Indian society. A. country club B. church C. Taj Mahal D. hijab E. caste system
answer
caste system
question
52. One of the advantages of the emergence of gender equality is the _____ gap between the sexes being narrowed in many places around the world. A. intelligence B. biological C. identity D. education E. language
answer
education
question
53. In most cultures, the first social institution infants are exposed to outside the home takes the form of a: A. day care center. B. school. C. religious institution. D. shopping mall. E. government agency.
answer
religious institution.
question
54. Numerous studies indicate a direct link between the literacy rate of a country and its: A. ability to conduct foreign trade. B. capability for rapid economic growth. C. ability to eradicate social prejudices. D. capability to promote secular political values. E. potential to support gender equality.
answer
capability for rapid economic growth.
question
55. What has been the impact on American culture, of women joining the workforce in growing numbers for the past thirty years? A. An increase in the desire for large families in the American population. B. An increase in the underestimation of women in the American culture. C. A decrease in economic development. D. A reduction in the influence of family in the American culture. E. An increase in divorce rates in the country.
answer
A reduction in the influence of family in the American culture.
question
56. Which of the following social institutions is considered to have had a detrimental effect on American culture? A. School B. Government C. Religion D. Family E. Media
answer
Media
question
57. Which of the following social institutions that influence culture has comparatively the least impact on culture? A. Media B. School C. Government D. Family E. Religion
answer
Government
question
58. Governments influence thinking and behavior through the: A. enforcement of a variety of laws affecting consumption and marketing behaviors. B. increasing of the literacy rate of the country. C. adopting of a secular government with separation of the church and state. D. supporting of a selected number of religious sects within the society. E. promotion of egalitarian principles.
answer
enforcement of a variety of laws affecting consumption and marketing behaviors.
question
59. Which of the following social institutions introduce innovations to society? A. Corporations B. School C. Government D. Family E. Religion
answer
Corporations
question
60. Which of the following is the main reason for corporations being the forerunners of innovations in society? A. The use of propaganda to form "favorable" public opinions. B. The access they have to ideas from around the world. C. The understanding that they have of foreign markets. D. The religious tolerance that they possess as a requisite for foreign trade. E. The fact that all merchants and traders are required to be literate.
answer
The access they have to ideas from around the world.
question
61. The most useful information on how cultural values influence various types of business and market behavior comes from work done by: A. Sigmund Freud. B. George Gallup. C. Geert Hofstede. D. Ayn Rand. E. Milton Friedman.
answer
Geert Hofstede.
question
62. In the context of linguistic distance, which of the following languages is the most distant from English? A. French B. German C. Spanish D. Arabic E. Thai
answer
Thai
question
63. In the context cultural values, the _____ Index refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one's self-interest. A. Individualism/Collectivism B. Power Distance C. Uncertainty Avoidance D. Masculinity/Feminity E. Linguistic
answer
Individualism/Collectivism
question
64. The Uncertainty Avoidance Index measures the tolerance of uncertainty and _____ among members of a society. A. inequality B. subjugation C. ambiguity D. oppression E. hierarchy
answer
ambiguity
question
65. On the basis of Hofstede's four dimensions, cultures with high Power Distance Index (PDI) scores tend to be: A. secular. B. hierarchical. C. flat in organization. D. fragmented. E. Mexico
answer
hierarchical.
question
66. Wayne is working at the overseas branch of his organization. He needs some clarification about a project. He approaches a senior manager thinking he would get a good explanation. However, he is instructed to follow protocol and sent away. Also, he is informed that only team leads are allowed to approach senior managers. This implies that the organization has a ______ score. A. high Individualism/Collective Index B. high Power Distance Index C. low Individualism/Collective Index D. low Power Distance Index E. high Uncertainty Avoidance Index
answer
high Power Distance Index
question
67. People from which of the following cultures are more likely to have a general distrust of others (not those in their groups) because power is seen to rest with individuals and is coercive rather than legitimate? A. Cultures with a high Individualism/Collective Index score. B. Cultures with a high Power Distance Index score. C. Cultures with a low Individualism/Collective Index score. D. Cultures with a low Power Distance Index score. E. Cultures with a high Uncertainty Avoidance Index score.
answer
Cultures with a high Power Distance Index score.
question
68. Cultures with high _____ scores tend to have a high level of anxiety and stress and a concern with security and rule following. A. Power Distance Index B. Individualism/Collectivism Index C. Distance from English Index D. Uncertainty Avoidance Index E. Masculinity/Femininity Index
answer
Uncertainty Avoidance Index
question
69. Cultures which are low in Uncertainty Avoidance index: A. seek absolute truth. B. accord a high level of importance to rules as a means of avoiding risk. C. tend to be distrustful of new ideas or behaviors. D. dogmatically stick to historically tested patterns of behavior. E. take a more empirical approach to understanding and knowledge.
answer
take a more empirical approach to understanding and knowledge.
question
70. For a culture, a low score in the _____ reflects more egalitarian views. A. Power Distance Index B. Individualism/Collectivism Index C. Distance from English Index D. Uncertainty Avoidance Index E. Masculinity/Femininity Index
answer
Power Distance Index
question
71. Which of the following terms pertains to societies in which people from birth onward are integrated into strong, cohesive groups? A. Power distance B. Individualism C. Uncertainty D. Collectivism E. Masculinity
answer
Collectivism
question
72. Cultural values can predict such consumer behaviors as _____ and impulsive buying. A. ethnocentrism B. family planning C. word-of-mouth communications D. immigration E. resource-sharing
answer
word-of-mouth communications
question
73. Based on the Individualism/Collectivism Index, in which of the following cultures will the "virtual social" activity of online chatting be most acceptable? A. One in which individualism reigns supreme. B. One in which collectivism is adopted. C. One that has a high tolerance for ambiguity. D. One which has a willingness to take risks. E. One with no separation between the church and the state.
answer
One in which individualism reigns supreme.
question
74. Hofstede's data on cultural values suggest that: A. countries that are high on individualism and low on uncertainty avoidance tend to be more innovative. B. diffusion of innovations will be slower in countries that are low on individualism and high on uncertainty avoidance. C. individuals from individualistic cultures tend to respond more favorably to other-focused appeals. D. self-focused appeals tend to attract people from collectivistic cultures. E. collectivistic cultures tend to be more emotionally bent than individualistic cultures.
answer
diffusion of innovations will be slower in countries that are low on individualism and high on uncertainty avoidance.
question
75. In the context of the elements of culture, rituals are patterns of behavior and interaction that are: A. learned and repeated. B. scientifically verified for effectiveness. C. enforced by governments. D. unique to each individual. E. universally accepted as proper behavior.
answer
learned and repeated.
question
76. The anthropologist, Edward T. Hall tells us that culture is: A. all-encompassing. B. relatively minor in the scheme of life. C. communication. D. strongly linked to physiology. E. standard throughout the world.
answer
communication.
question
77. In some parts of the world, language is itself thought of as a social institution, often with political importance. Which of the following countries best exemplifies the above statement? A. Australia B. United States C. France D. Mexico E. Switzerland
answer
France
question
78. In the context of the relationship between language and international marketing, recent studies indicate that a new concept, _____, is proving useful to marketing researchers in market segmentation and strategic entry decisions. A. paralinguistics B. linguistic distance C. language parallels D. language roots E. linguistic accents
answer
linguistic distance
question
79. Linguistic distance is an important factor that helps in determining differences in values across countries and the amount of trade between countries because: A. the closer the languages the tougher the interactions. B. crossing "wider" language differences increases transaction costs. C. the more distant a language from the other, the more valuable the brand becomes in the new territory. D. major languages have "syntactical superiority" over minor languages that help in brand positioning. E. a 'neutral' language is required to address the differences arising out of linguistic distances.
answer
crossing "wider" language differences increases transaction costs.
question
80. The aesthetics of a culture must be taken into account by marketers when: A. styling the product and its packaging. B. determining the linguistic distance of a culture. C. assessing if a culture is individualistic or collectivistic. D. trying to quantify the influence media has on the culture. E. trying to comply with the rituals of a culture.
answer
styling the product and its packaging.
question
81. Feng shui is a Chinese ____, considered to be the process that links humans and the universe to ch'i, the energy that sustains life and flows through our bodies and surroundings, in and around our homes and workplaces. A. illusion B. ritual C. belief D. symbol E. myth
answer
belief
question
82. Based on Richard Nisbett's metaphor involving Confucius's worthy picture, what is his analysis regarding the thought process or perceptual process of Westerners? A. Westerners can provide great details about central figures but see relatively little in the background. B. Westerners observe things sequentially, thus fail to comprehend the larger picture. C. Westerners are good at observing details but fail to comprehend the central message. D. Westerners prefer larger than life figures to convey messages. E. Westerners tend to focus on the brighter colors in the image and fail to see the lines and finer drawings.
answer
Westerners can provide great details about central figures but see relatively little in the background.
question
83. _____ refers to being attuned to the nuances of culture so that a new culture can be viewed objectively, evaluated, and appreciated. A. Cultural integration B. Acculturation C. Counter culture D. Cultural sensitivity E. Culture transfer
answer
Cultural sensitivity
question
84. _____ is a responsible effort to learn from others' cultural ways in the quest for better solutions to a society's particular problems. A. Acculturation B. Cultural borrowing C. Cultural sensitivity D. Cultural aestheticism E. Cultural assimilation
answer
Cultural borrowing
question
85. To the foreign marketer, the similar-but-different feature of cultures has important meaning in gaining cultural _____. A. tolerance B. acceptance C. leverage D. empathy E. heritage
answer
empathy
question
86. Which of the following is the most important factor in determining what kind and how much of an innovation will be accepted by a culture? A. The time required for the change to occur. B. The number of people that could be benefited. C. The degree of interest in the particular subject. D. The power or authority of the change agent. E. The financial impact, immediate and long-term, of accepting the change.
answer
The degree of interest in the particular subject.
question
87. With regard to resistance to change, observations indicate that those innovations most readily accepted are those that: A. cater to the values of the predominant religion of the society. B. propagate faith in a set of beliefs different from the existing beliefs. C. are apathetic to the existing cultural beliefs. D. hold the greatest interest within the society and those that are least disruptive. E. offer some insight into the aesthetics of the existing culture.
answer
hold the greatest interest within the society and those that are least disruptive.
question
88. Modern medicine has thrived in the United States together with the use of herbal remedies from South America. This is an example of: A. cultural ombudsmanship. B. cultural congruence. C. cultural hegemony. D. cultural sensitivity. E. cultural borrowing.
answer
cultural borrowing.
question
89. _____ refers to a strategy that involves marketing products similar to ones already on the market thereby minimizing resistance. A. Flank attack B. Cultural congruence C. Guerilla marketing D. Lateral marketing E. Culture equalization
answer
Cultural congruence
question
90. The strategy of _____ deliberately sets out to change those aspects of the culture offering resistance to predetermined marketing goals. A. planned change B. top-down change C. guerilla marketing D. differentiated marketing E. disruptive marketing
answer
planned change
question
91. Marketing strategy is judged culturally in terms of _____. A. inclusion or exclusion B. cultural intensity or cultural sublimity C. acceptance, resistance, or rejection D. sensitivity to the hidden aspects of culture in a society E. speed, intensity, and degree of change required
answer
acceptance, resistance, or rejection
question
92. The first step in bringing about planned change in a society is to: A. determine which cultural factors conflict with an innovation. B. create a resistance to the cultural factor hindering acceptance. C. wait for eventual cultural changes that prove their innovations of value to the culture. D. market the products similar to ones already on the market. E. leave acceptance to a strategy of unplanned change.
answer
wait for eventual cultural changes that prove their innovations of value to the culture.
question
93. Morton Foods has decided to introduce a new line of turkey products to the American consumer. Turkey steaks resemble beefsteak in taste but are made from turkey meat, and are leaner and healthier for a variety of reasons. However, the company is concerned that the product will not be accepted in America. If Morton Foods follows a strategy of _____, they are more likely to have a successful introduction of the new product. A. unplanned change B. cultural adiaphora C. cultural syncopation D. cultural congruence E. continuous change
answer
cultural congruence
question
94. Nexar Energy is advocating the use of solar power to replace all petroleum-based energy sources. The company holds demonstrations to show how solar power could be used in all major petroleum-based products—automobiles, power sources, and heating and cooling. Nexar Energy is employing a strategy of _____, a deliberate attempt to change the way we do things with respect to energy sources. A. unplanned change B. planned change C. parallel change D. syncopated change E. synergistic change
answer
planned change
question
95. The Westernized diet has caused many Japanese to become overweight. This is an example of _____ change. A. top-down B. planned C. central D. unplanned E. bottom-up
answer
unplanned
Bring About Change
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Ch1 Organizational Behavior MGMT3720 – Flashcards 95 terms

Kenneth McQuaid
95 terms
Preview
Ch1 Organizational Behavior MGMT3720 – Flashcards
question
___ are defined as people who oversee the activities of others and who are responsible for attaining goals in an organization. A) Assistants B) Managers C) Secretaries D) Interns E) Apprentices
answer
B) Managers
question
Sally Mitchell works as a manager at an environmental organization. She is currently working on a global warming project and decides which tasks related to creating awareness about the issue needs to be done. In addition, she is also deciding which members of her team will work on engaging with the public and which will work on lobbying with the government. She is also assigning people as team members to ensure that tasks are undertaken on time. Which of the following categories of functions is Mitchell undertaking? A) Planning B) Organizing C) Scrutinizing D) Controlling E) Envisioning
answer
B) Organizing
question
Johanna Reid, a campaign manager at a child rights organization, recently started working on an illiteracy project. During the project, she needs to motivate team members to attain their project milestones and direct them through different phases of the project. Which of the following kinds of functions will these tasks be covered under? A) planning B) organizing C) scrutinizing D) evaluating E) leading
answer
E) leading
question
Lesley Torres is a project manager for the campaign "Action against Deforestation in Indonesia." She recently faced a glitch when the campaign could not be launched publicly according to schedule. Torres monitored the schedule to find the cause of the delay before speeding up the implementation process by allocating more members for the implementation phase. By doing this, which of the following functions is she performing? A) controlling B) planning C) formulating D) leading E) organizing
answer
A) Controlling
question
Which of the following functions do managers undertake as part of planning functions? A) defining an organization's goals B) implementing strategies for achieving goals C) executing plans to integrate activities D) accomplishing goals of a project E) employing strategies to coordinate tasks
answer
A) defining an organization's goals
question
6) According to Henry Mintzberg a factory supervisor giving a group of high school students a tour of the plant may be termed as a ________. A) leader B) figurehead C) resource allocator D) negotiator E) disturbance handler
answer
B) figurehead
question
Ellen Ortiz works as a sales manager at a telecom firm. The company has recently launched a new product in the market. Her work in the next few weeks involves sharing knowledge about the product with her team members. She will also need to inspire them to reach their sales targets and clarify any doubts about the new product. Which of the following roles is Ortiz playing? A) leader B) liaison C) disseminator D) spokesperson E) negotiator
answer
A) leader
question
Regina George works as a campaign manager in a not-for-profit organization in Hampshire. For the upcoming campaign against genetic engineering, she is networking with managers who are working on the issue of food safety. Through her network of contacts, she strives to gain information about the stakeholders in the food industry and other lobby groups. Which of the following roles is George most likely to be playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles A) figurehead B) leader C) liaison D) entrepreneur E) resource allocator
answer
C) liaison
question
Annette Simpson works for a fashion house in Paris and is preparing for the company's upcoming line of winter clothing. She is currently researching online to know what is in vogue this season. In addition, she is also networking with contacts from the press and fashion magazine editors to understand the changing tastes of consumers. Which of the following roles is Simpson playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles? A) figurehead B) leader C) symbol head D) monitor E) spokesperson
answer
D) monitor
question
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization. A) entrepreneur B) resource allocator C) spokesperson D) leader E) disseminator
answer
E) disseminator
question
The role of a(n) ________, according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, is to transmit information to outsiders about an organization's plans, policies, actions, and results and to serve as an expert in the organization's industry. A) spokesperson B) disturbance handler C) entrepreneur D) leader E) liaison
answer
A) spokesperson
question
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, a(n) ________ searches the organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change. A) spokesperson B) disturbance handler C) entrepreneur D) resource allocator E) negotiator
answer
C) entrepreneur
question
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to make or approve significant organizational decisions and assign human, physical, and monetary assets. A) disseminator B) liaison C) entrepreneur D) resource allocator E) disturbance handlers
answer
D) resource allocator
question
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of interpersonal role? A) monitor B) disseminator C) spokesperson D) entrepreneur E) liaison
answer
E) liaison
question
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of decisional role? A) negotiator B) disseminator C) liaison D) spokesperson E) monitor
answer
A) negotiator
question
The role of a(n) ________ is a type of informational role according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles. A) figurehead B) disseminator C) liaison D) entrepreneur E) negotiator
answer
B) disseminator
question
Which of the following is true regarding technical skills? A) They can be learned only through formal education. B) They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge. C) They are not required at all kinds of jobs. D) They are monopolized by professionals. E) They comprise the ability to understand and motivate people.
answer
B) They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge.
question
The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as ________. A) human skills B) technical skills C) conceptual skills D) cognitive skills E) analytical skills
answer
A) human skills
question
Melissa Woods was recently hired as the campaign manager at an environmental organization. She has a degree in environmental sustainability and possesses substantial knowledge about the issue of global warming. She has the knowledge to lead the public relations team of the organization. However, a few months later, the board of directors of the organization expressed dissatisfaction with Melissa's performance and asked her to resign. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation? A) Melissa had no prior experience in research and development. B) Melissa had weak interpersonal and networking skills to run the project. C) Melissa focused on the results her team achieved rather than how they achieved those results. D) Melissa is not up-to-date about the feasibility of using different modes of renewable energy. E) Melissa had a diverse network of contacts established from her previous job.
answer
B) Melissa had weak interpersonal and networking skills to run the project.
question
Joann Hayes is currently working on a project to tackle climate change. During the project, she needs to find different options to replace the use of non-renewable energy and check the feasibility of different renewable energy options before choosing the most practical one. Which of the following skills does Hayes primarily need to use for these tasks? A) human skills B) interpersonal skills C) conceptual skills D) communication skills E) interactive skills
answer
C) conceptual skills
question
360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong networking and interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen Laura's argument? A) Gaining the support of corporate giants would comprise a large part of the job. B) Jessica will need to prepare extensive reports about the issue of climate change. C) The role will require Jessica to give presentations to environmental experts on renewable modes of energy. D) Jessica had negligible experience in research and development. E) Jessica has weak analytical skills to solve problems associated with implementing options of renewable energy.
answer
A) Gaining the support of corporate giants would comprise a large part of the job.
question
360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would weaken Laura's argument? A) Jessica was unable to fare well in the written test which analyzed her conceptual skills. B) Jessica listened intently to the interviewers' questions before answering them. C) Jessica was unable to communicate clearly why she was right for the job. D) Jessica was very friendly and courteous with the receptionist while greeting her. E) Jessica was high on confidence about getting the job because of her strong networking skills.
answer
C) Jessica was unable to communicate clearly why she was right for the job.
question
According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers involved in traditional management activities undertook which of the following tasks? A) motivating B) socializing C) decision making D) training E) politicking
answer
C) decision making
question
According to Fred Luthans and his associates' study of 450 managers, ________ made the largest contribution to the success of managers in terms of speed of promotion within their organization. A) networking B) decision making C) planning D) controlling E) staffing
answer
A) networking
question
According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers who are involved in networking activities are most likely to undertake which of the following? A) planning B) decision making C) controlling D) politicking E) staffing
answer
D) politicking
question
Which of the following best defines organizational behavior? A) It involves the study of groups of people coming together for collective bargaining. B) It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's output. C) It involves analyzing different people in an industry with independent profit-centered motives. D) It involves developing exclusively the knowledge of managers and senior-level employees. E) It is a field which is not influenced by factors in the external world.
answer
B) It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's output.
question
Which of the following determinants of behavior does organizational behavior study? A) profits B) job satisfaction C) perks D) individuals E) collective bargaining
answer
D) individuals
question
Which of the following does systematic study use to look at relationships to attribute causes and effects? A) intuitive data B) feelings C) scientific data D) instinct E) premonition
answer
C) scientific data
question
Which of the following is true regarding systematic study? A) It attributes causes and effects based on intuition. B) It involves supporting decisions based on gut feelings. C) It analyzes relationships based on previous experiences. D) It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data. E) It involves taking action based on instinct.
answer
D) It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data.
question
In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement intuitive opinions with information derived from ________. A) common sense B) direct observation C) systematic study D) speculation E) organizational theory
answer
C) systematic study
question
Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, all constitute aspects of ________ study. A) organizational B) intuitive C) theoretical D) systematic E) case-based
answer
D) systematic
question
________ refers to basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific proof. A) Emergency management B) Personal knowledge management C) Property management D) Evidence-based management E) Knowledge management
answer
D) Evidence-based management
question
________ refers to a gut feeling not necessarily supported by research. A) Intuition B) Reasoning C) Rationality D) Logic E) Inference
answer
A) Intuition
question
________ seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. A) Meteorology B) Theology C) Epistemology D) Lexicology E) Psychology
answer
E) Psychology
question
Which of the following disciplines blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on people's influence on one another? A) social psychology B) cosmology C) parapsychology D) lexicology E) eschatology
answer
A) social psychology
question
Which of the following is a difference between sociology and psychology? A) Sociology studies humans and animals whereas psychology focuses exclusively on humans. B) Sociology studies people in relation to their social culture whereas psychology focuses on the individual. C) Sociology incorporates research from social sciences, philosophy, and natural sciences; psychology does not. D) Sociology uses various methods of empirical investigation whereas psychology uses limited critical analyses. E) Sociology uses only qualitative techniques whereas psychology uses both qualitative and quantitative techniques.
answer
B) Sociology studies people in relation to their social culture whereas psychology focuses on the individual.
question
________ is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. A) Anthropology B) Deontology C) Epistemology D) Agnotology E) Dysteleology
answer
A) Anthropology
question
Which of the following fields of study is most likely to involve studying organizational culture, formal organization theory, and structure? A) sociology B) deontology C) epistemology D) agnotology E) dysteleology
answer
A) sociology
question
Austin Reed is a graduate student helping to organize a study on individual job satisfaction. The study focuses on the top five causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the job. His department is surveying 200 individuals in 100 different types of organizations. Austin is most likely a graduate student in the department of ________. A) psychology B) anthropology C) political science D) entomology E) archaeology
answer
A) psychology
question
You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. Which faculty member is most likely to furnish information about personality, learning, and motivation? A) sociology B) psychology C) anthropology D) political science E) industrial engineering
answer
B) psychology
question
Myriam is analyzing the gender roles of men and women in management in the United States and comparing them to the gender roles in management in Japan. She is surveying fifty male and fifty female managers in each country to compare their daily behavior. Myriam's study exemplifies how ________ contributes to OB. A) anthropology B) psychology C) archaeology D) political science E) corporate strategy
answer
A) anthropology
question
Which of the following is true regarding contingency variables? A) They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. B) They make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations about concepts in organizational behavior. C) They indicate that everyone is motivated by money and financial perks. D) They refer to scientific factors which are based on universal truths. E) They remain constant irrespective of any change in the environment.
answer
A) They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables.
question
Raymond Mayer is conducting a study on discrimination against campaign activists based on gender. In his study, he noted that male executives who visited Indonesian villages to promote the use of renewable energy received a highly positive response. In contrast, women who visited the same villages received an antagonistic response. However, Mayer stated that his findings only applied to villages. In this study, the presence of a village is considered a ________ variable. A) global B) general C) dependent D) non-reactive E) contingency
answer
E) contingency
question
________ variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. A) Global B) General C) Dependent D) Non-reactive E) Contingency
answer
E) Contingency
question
Which of the following is a result of globalization? A) organizations being bound by national borders B) lower production of goods in developing nations C) highly homogeneous workforce D) shared social value among all cultures E) jobs moving to nations with low-cost labor
answer
E) jobs moving to nations with low-cost labor
question
Managers who oversee the movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor are most likely to ________. A) provide poor customer service B) face opposition from labor groups C) manage a culturally homogeneous workforce D) operate in niche markets E) lose competitive advantage by exporting jobs
answer
B) face opposition from labor groups
question
The bookselling industry was revolutionized by ________. A) Mintzberg's Theory of Management B) evidence-based management C) Luthan's findings on management behavior D) intuition E) the availability of Big Data
answer
E) the availability of Big Data
question
Gould Furniture is one of the leading furniture companies in Indonesia. In the past, the company had a homogeneous workforce of Indonesian employees. The company is desperate to cut operating and manufacturing costs and, hence, is considering outsourcing part of the manufacturing process to low-cost Vietnam. However, local community leaders across the country are strongly opposing this decision. They believe that exporting jobs to other countries is detrimental to their country in every way possible. Which of the following, if true, is the flaw in the local community leaders' opinion? A) The country has one of the lowest rates of employment in Asia. B) Over 85 percent of Indonesia's revenue comes from agriculture. C) The furniture market contributes to 20 percent of deforestation in the country. D) The government of Indonesia provides substantial subsidies to start-up companies. E) Gould Furniture has alliances with local furniture companies in Vietnam.
answer
C) The furniture market contributes to 20 percent of deforestation in the country.
question
________ refers to the heterogeneity of organizations in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups. A) Workforce associability B) Workforce diversity C) Cultural similarity D) Organizational congruity E) Operational homogeneity
answer
B) Workforce diversity
question
By 2020, the 55-and-older age group of the U.S. labor force will represent approximately ________ of the total labor force. A) one-quarter B) one-third C) one-half D) two-thirds E) three-quarters
answer
A) one-quarter
question
A common characteristic of service jobs is that they ________. A) need substantial interaction with an organization's customers B) offer much higher pay in comparison with other non-service jobs C) have fewer working hours than other jobs D) require very little job knowledge compared to other jobs E) provide more perks and benefits to employees
answer
A) need substantial interaction with an organization's customers
question
Which of the following is an example of a position in a service job? A) human resource executive B) administrative executive C) flight attendant D) environmental campaigner E) production line worker
answer
C) flight attendant
question
Which of the following is not a reality for today's workforce? A) Many workers never get away from the virtual workplace. B) Organizations are asking employees to put in longer hours. C) Employees have fewer outside commitments. D) Issues related to well-being have dropped as the number of employees who work at home rises. E) The line between work and non-work time has become blurred.
answer
D) Issues related to well-being have dropped as the number of employees who work at home rises.
question
Recent studies show ________. A) the line between work and non-work is becoming less blurred B) most employees are achieving a better work-life balance C) money and recognition define career success above all else D) the majority of men and women rank autonomy as the number one indicator of career success E) attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal
answer
E) attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal
question
Which of the following terms best describes organizations that allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart? A) networked organizations B) hierarchical organizations C) matrix organizations D) stable organizations E) flat organizations
answer
A) networked organizations
question
Which of the following is the major challenge for managers in a fully networked organization? A) eliminating the need for paper communication by relying entirely on e-mail, file transfers, and the like B) retaining team members who can easily move to another employer when demand for their services changes C) managing contract and temporary workers D) maintaining a "virtual office" through the use of computers, interoffice networks, and the Internet E) managing people who work together but are geographically separated
answer
E) managing people who work together but are geographically separated
question
Christopher Richardson works as a graphic designer in Sydney. He often coordinates with colleagues working in Germany. In addition, he interacts with clients across the globe. Which of the following is most likely to facilitate his communications with clients and colleagues? A) ergonomic cubicle B) lateral thinking C) sensemaking D) systems thinking E) networked organization
answer
E) networked organization
question
Which of the following is a cause of work-life conflicts? A) global organizations B) sensemaking C) privatization of essential industries D) downshifting E) use of self-managed teams
answer
A) global organizations
question
Which of the following is true regarding positive organizational scholarship? A) It involves monitoring negative practices in organizations and rectifying them. B) It deals with how employees should analyze weaknesses and convert them into strengths. C) It studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality, and unlock potential. D) It dwells on limitations that an organization faces and how it can turn them into opportunities. E) It involves scrutinizing loopholes in organizational practices and filling gaps in processes.
answer
C) It studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality, and unlock potential
question
________ is a key independent variable in positive organizational behavior research. A) Engagement B) Apathy C) Despair D) Constraint E) Pessimism
answer
A) Engagement
question
The concept of "reflected best-self" involves ________. A) focusing on eliminating shortcomings to bring out the best in oneself B) making employees aware of their weaknesses and rectifying them C) observing and monitoring drawbacks of a team and then increasing their efficiency with the help of adequate training D) asking employees to think about when they were at their personal best in order to exploit their strengths E) studying industry-wide best practices and then implementing it
answer
D) asking employees to think about when they were at their personal best in order to exploit their strengths
question
Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma? A) Should I work extra hours to complete my assignment? B) Should I e-mail my manager about queries on the project? C) Should I discuss with the management the perks being offered? D) Should I ask my manager for leave during Christmas? E) Should I play politics to advance my career?
answer
E) Should I play politics to advance my career?
question
A(n) ________ is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon. A) model B) input C) process D) outcome E) objective
answer
A) model
question
Which of the following is true regarding models? A) Models propose five types of variables. B) Models proceed from outcomes to processes. C) Models are used only in manufacturing organizations. D) Models proceed from processes to inputs. E) Models show that outcomes can influence inputs in the future.
answer
E) Models show that outcomes can influence inputs in the future.
question
With reference to a basic OB model, ________ are determined in advance of the employment relationship and refer to variables such as personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processes. A) actions B) inputs C) outcome D) processes E) goals
answer
B) inputs
question
Which of the following is an example of an input at an individual level? A) motivation B) moods C) values D) perception E) emotions
answer
C) values
question
An example of an input at an organizational level is ________. A) motivation B) conflict C) power D) communication E) structure
answer
E) structure
question
Which of the following is one of the three variables proposed by a basic OB model which refers to actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs? A) processes B) scrutinization C) planning D) association E) evaluation
answer
A) processes
question
Which of the following is an example of a process at an individual level? A) group cohesion B) values C) decision making D) withdrawal behavior E) power and politics
answer
C) decision making
question
An example of a process at a group level is ________. A) diversity B) communication C) values D) culture E) emotions
answer
B) communication
question
Which of the following is an example of a process at the organizational level? A) attitudes and stress B) withdrawal behavior C) emotions and moods D) change of practices E) team responsibilities
answer
D) change of practices
question
________ is an example of an outcome at the organizational level. A) Profitability B) Diversity C) Personality D) Mood E) Culture
answer
A) Profitability
question
Which of the following is an example of an outcome at an individual level? A) structure B) culture C) politics D) power E) attitude
answer
E) attitude
question
The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called ________ behavior. A) withdrawal B) associative C) networked D) citizenship E) cohesive
answer
D) citizenship
question
Group ________ is the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another at work. A) affect B) associability C) think D) cohesion E) maturity
answer
D) cohesion
question
T/F : In the current competitive workplace, technical skills are the only skills that managers require to be successful.
answer
FALSE
question
T/F : An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people.
answer
TRUE
question
T/F : The planning function involves defining an organization's goals and establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals.
answer
TRUE
question
T/F : A degree in architecture will provide a student with the human skills required for a job.
answer
FALSE
question
T/F : Organizational behavior applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively.
answer
TRUE
question
T/F : Evidence-based management complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence.
answer
TRUE
question
T/F : Psychology contributes to the study of organizational behavior at the macro level whereas anthropology contributes at the micro level.
answer
FALSE
question
T/F : One major study area of social psychology is change, how to implement it, and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance.
answer
TRUE
question
T/F : While sociology focuses on the individual, psychology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture.
answer
FALSE
question
T/F : Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.
answer
TRUE
question
T/F : Entomology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
answer
FALSE
question
T/F : Human beings are simple in nature and, thus, simple, universal principles explain all kinds of organizational behavior.
answer
FALSE
question
T/F : Organizational behavior cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior or make valid predictions.
answer
FALSE
question
T/F : Managers at global companies have realized that economic values are generally transferable across national boundaries.
answer
FALSE
question
T/F : Workforce diversity refers to how organizations are becoming more homogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity.
answer
FALSE
question
T/F : The job of a guest relations executive at a hotel is a kind of service job.
answer
TRUE
question
T/F : Evidence that an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term is called organizational survival.
answer
TRUE
question
T/F : A way for managers to respond to the problem of unethical behavior is to provide in-house advisors who can be contacted anonymously.
answer
TRUE
question
T/F : The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called cohesive behavior.
answer
FALSE
question
T/F : Group functioning refers to the quantity and quality of a group's work output.
answer
TRUE
Bring About Change
Grade Point Average
Management
Networks
Predict The Outcome
Social Networking Site
United States
ON COURSE – Flashcard 85 terms

Rebecca Baker
85 terms
Preview
ON COURSE – Flashcard
question
The quality of our lives is determined by the quality of______ we make on a daily basis.
answer
choices
question
When we choose positive beliefs, these lead to positive behaviors. Positive behaviors often lead to positive results that reinforce our positive beliefs, and the cycle begins anew. This sequence is described as the cycle of _______.
answer
success
question
A time-tested tool for designing the life you want to lead is a ________, a written record of your thoughts and feelings about your past, present, and future.
answer
journal
question
People who are strong in the eight qualities shown in the On Course self-assessment tend to make wiser choices at forks in the road than do people who are weak in these qualities. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
Five suggestions to help you create a meaningful journal are (1) be spontaneous; (2) write for yourself; (3) be honest; (4) be creative; and (5) ________.
answer
dive deep
question
To excel as a learner, you need to create as many strong neural networks (connections) in your brain as possible. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
In order to create strong neural networks (connections) in your brain, you've got to __________ the learning process. A. participate actively in B. read about C. remember D. listen to a lecture about
answer
A. participate actively in
question
Brain research reveals that when you connect what you are learning now to previously stored information (e.g., already formed neural networks), you learn the information or skill more slowly and less deeply. TRUE FALSE
answer
False
question
The human brain learns best when learning efforts are done in... A. one long marathon session, using one method of deep processing B. frequent sessions distributed over time using one method of deep processing C. one long marathon session using a variety of deep processing strategies D. frequent sessions distributed over time using a variety of deep processing strategies
answer
D. frequent sessions distributed over time using a variety of deep processing strategies
question
The four components of the CORE Learning System are Collect, Organize, Rehearse, and __________.
answer
Evaluate
question
The soft skills you'll learn in On Course are ideal for succeeding in both college and your career. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
Soft skills may be the skills that determine whether you will keep a job or lose it. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
According to the SCANS report, hard skills are enough to help you get the job of your dreams and keep it. TRUE FALSE
answer
False
question
About what percent of workers today are in jobs that did not exist a few decades ago? A. 10 B. 25 C. 50 D. 75
answer
B. 25
question
According to the SCANS report, employers consider soft skills, like those taught in On Course, to be _________________. A. essential for work world success B.. a nice complement to the truly important hard skills C.. unnecessary for continued job success D. a thing of the past—no one worries about those any longer
answer
A. essential for work world success
question
Self-esteem is the reputation we have with others. TRUE FALSE
answer
False (reputation with ourselves)
question
Self-esteem is strengthened by increased self-acceptance. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
Accepting our weaknesses means ________. A. we are content to stay as we are B. we can now begin to strengthen the things about ourselves that can be changed C. we are weak
answer
B. we can now begin to strengthen the things about ourselves that can be changed
question
Successful people are usually willing to ________. A. admit their personal weaknesses B. set a goal to change C. manage their actions to bring about change D. look at feedback about their efforts to change E. have the courage to change F. do all of the above
answer
F. do all of the above
question
We are born with a certain level of self-esteem, and it remains that way throughout our life. TRUE FALSE
answer
False (We can learn higher self-esteem just as we learned lower self-esteem.)
question
The college catalog, available in the Registrar's office, is your best source of information about your college's general education requirements. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
Your college course load is determined by your GPA at the end of the semester. TRUE FALSE
answer
False
question
The course syllabus given to you by your instructor is a contract for that class. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
As you prepare to cross the border into college, you can use resources to assist you with your journey. Even before you begin classes, you can check out the lay of the land. Which of these sources provides the most reliable information about your college prior to the first day of classes? A. Your brother's girlfriend B. The college catalogue C. Your college roommate, who has attended four other institutions D. The members of your college social networking site
answer
B. The college catalogue
question
You are taking 15 credit hours in the spring semester at your college. Last semester, you successfully completed nine credit hours with two "C's" and a "B." However, you stopped attending six hours (two 3-credit courses) and did not officially withdraw. Which of the following statements is true of you? A. You have two "F's" on your transcript from the last semester. B. You are currently enrolled in a "full class load." C. Your GPA is below a 2.0. D. All of the above
answer
D. All of the above
question
When people create the best life possible given their circumstances, they are acting as ________. A. creators B. victims C. students D. All of the above
answer
A. creators
question
When people allow life to happen to them, they are acting as ________. A. creators B. victims C. students D. None of the above
answer
B. victims
question
When we respond to a stimulus as a Creator we are most likely to ___________. A. seek solutions B. take an action C. try something new D. All of the above
answer
D. All of the above
question
When we respond to a stimulus as a Victim, we are most likely to _______. A. blame B. complain C. excuse D. All of the above
answer
D. All of the above
question
The key ingredient of personal responsibility is choice. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
"I failed because my instructor is terrible" is something that would probably be said by your Inner ________. A. Critic B. Defender C. Guide D. Creator
answer
B. Defender
question
"I'm so stupid, it's no surprise I failed math" is something that would probably be said by your Inner ________. A. Critic B. Defender C. Guide D. Creator
answer
A. Critic
question
When you hear Ownership and an Action Plan, you know you are talking to a Victim. TRUE FALSE
answer
False (Creator)
question
"I was late because I chose to sleep thirty minutes later this morning" is something that would probably be said by your Inner ________. A. Critic B. Defender C. Guide D. Victim
answer
C. Guide
question
"I don't think I'm smart enough to make it in college" is something that would probably be said by your Inner ________. A. Critic B. Defender C. Guide D. Creator
answer
A. Critic
question
What we will experience in five or ten years is greatly affected by the choices we make from here on. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
Your Inner Defender will be of great help as you take the first step of the Wise-Choice Process, which is objectively identifying "What's my situation?" TRUE FALSE
answer
FALSE (Your Inner Guide will best help you define your present situation.)
question
In Step 4 of the Wise-Choice Process, the ideal is to come up with how many possible choices? A. One B. Two C. Three D. As many as possible
answer
D. As many as possible
question
If you can't predict the outcome of one of your possible choices, you should stop and gather more information before making any decisions. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
After implementing your plan, the final step of the Wise-Choice Process is to evaluate the success of your plan. One good way to do this is to compare your new situation with how you would like it to be (as you defined in Step 2). TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
As long as I believe my career success belongs to someone else (like "lousy" bosses), I'm being a Victim, and my success is unlikely. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
Creators know that the foundation of success at work (as in college) is accepting this truth: By our choices, we are each the primary creators of the outcomes and experiences of our lives. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
Victims usually don't explore their career options thoroughly or match career requirements with their own talents and interests, and they make uninformed choices. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
What are the advantages of being a Creator in the workplace? A. Creators bring a positive and productive attitude to the workplace. B. Absenteeism and poor working habits are not problems for Creators. C. These employees get the job and then excel at the job. D. All of the above E. None of the above
answer
D. All of the above
question
Taking responsibility for your work life means _________________________. A. planning your career path to keep your options open and your progress unobstructed B. reacting emotionally to disappointments on the job C. placing responsibility for obstacles on those who are creating them (bosses, coworkers, "the man") D. running with the immediate opportunities that face you, so you won't miss out on them
answer
A. planning your career path to keep your options open and your progress unobstructed
question
According to psychologist Albert Ellis, the following formula explains why people respond differently to the same event: A + B = C. In this formula, "A" stands for the Activating event, and "C" stands for the Consequence (how we feel about the activating event). What does "B" stand for? A. Behaviors B. Beliefs C. Brains D. Brawn
answer
B. Beliefs
question
"I'm stupid" is a typical comment made by an Inner ________.
answer
Critic
question
"He's stupid" is a typical comment made by an Inner ________.
answer
Defender
question
Disputing irrational beliefs is best done by the ________. A. Inner Critic B. Inner Defender C. Inner Guide D. Inner Tube
answer
C. Inner Guide
question
Being able to dispute irrational beliefs will help your self-esteem to grow. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
Reading is one of the most important ways of Collecting knowledge; Collecting knowledge is the first step in the CORE Learning System. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
Active reading is characterized by intense mental engagement that leads to significant neural activity in the brain, assists deep and lasting learning, and leads to high grades. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
When reading actively, the most significant information in the reading is in the Supporting Details. TRUE FALSE
answer
False
question
Good readers don't read words; they read ideas, and ideas are found in chunks (groups of words). TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
Effective highlighting will result in 40 to 50% of a paragraph being marked for review. TRUE FALSE
answer
False
question
In two major surveys, college and university educators identified lack of ____________ as the number one barrier to student success.
answer
motivation
question
According to American College Testing (ACT), in public four-year colleges in the United States about ______ percent of students fail to return for their second year. A. 10 B. 20 C. 33 D. 50
answer
C. 33
question
According to American College Testing (ACT), in public two-year colleges in the United States about ______ percent of students fail to return for their second year. A. 10 B. 20 C. 33 D. 50
answer
D. 50
question
In the formula V x E = Motivation, the letter E stands for ________. A. Energy B. Effort C. Evidence D. Expectation
answer
D. Expectation
question
According to recent U.S. Census Bureau data, how much more do Americans with a four-year college degree earn in their lifetime, on average, than people with a high school degree? A. $400,000 B. $900,000 C. $1,600,000 D. $2,100,000
answer
B. $900,000
question
According to psychologist Brian Tracy, many people resist setting life goals because they don't know how. TRUE FALSE
answer
True
question
A "life role" is an activity to which we regularly devote large amounts of ______ and energy.
answer
time
question
The DAPPS Rule is an acronym, a memory device to assist us in remembering the five qualities of an effective ________.
answer
goals
question
The five letters in DAPPS stand for Dated, Achievable, Personal, Positive, and ________. [Capitalize the word]
answer
Specific
question
Which of the following is the most effective goal, according to the DAPPS Rule? A. Do well academically this semester. B. Work hard to get good grades. C. Achieve a grade point average of 3.5 or better this semester. D. Have more fun.
answer
C. Achieve a grade point average of 3.5 or better this semester.
question
A _________ is an unbending intention, a single-mindedness of purpose that promises to overcome all obstacles regardless of how you may feel at any particular moment.
answer
commitment
question
When it comes to accomplishing goals and dreams, commitment creates _________.
answer
method
question
Because of his commitment to return to Hawaii to visit his new girl friend, the author earned money for the trip by selling magazine subscriptions door to door. TRUE FALSE
answer
FALSE
question
Cathy Turner used visualizations to help her win two Olympic gold medals in speed skating. TRUE FALSE
answer
TRUE
question
Which of the following is NOT a key to effective visualizing? A. Relaxing B. Using present tense verbs C. Being specific D. Feeling your feelings E. Listening to your favorite music
answer
E. Listening to your favorite music
question
Designing my career path has nothing to do with writing goals. TRUE FALSE
answer
FALSE
question
A motivating career goal need not have the DAPPS qualities. TRUE FALSE
answer
FALSE
question
To stay self-motivated, you'll want to match your career choice and college major with your parents' recommendations and desired income level. TRUE FALSE
answer
FALSE
question
Once you have begun your career, you ____________________________________. A. will continue to find self-motivating strategies helpful B. will no longer need to use your Life Plan (you've arrived) C. will never be asked to set goals or create work plans D. All of the above E. None of the above
answer
A. will continue to find self-motivating strategies helpful
question
Some of the most motivated students we see in college are those who view college as ______________________________. A. an easy way to fill the time until they determine what they "really" want to do B. the way to win the heart of someone they love C. the next logical step on the path to their career goals D. a way to win their parents' approval
answer
C. the next logical step on the path to their career goals
question
As adults, we must depend on others to tell us what we should believe about ourselves. TRUE FALSE
answer
FALSE
question
A personal ________ is a statement about ourselves in which we claim our desired qualities as if we already had them in abundance
answer
affirmation
question
If your affirmation seems like a lie, remind yourself that when you say your affirmation, you are prematurely telling the ___________.
answer
truth
question
If you want to strengthen your affirmation, which of the following would you NOT do? A. Realize that you already possess the qualities you desire B. Listen to your Inner Critic C. Repeat your affirmation over and over as a reminder D. Make choices consistent with your affirmation qualities
answer
B. Listen to your Inner Critic
question
If you want to further strengthen your affirmation, which of the following would you NOT do? A. Criticize other people before they criticize you B. Be careful about the words you use to describe yourself C. Say your affirmation when life tests you and then act consistently with your affirmation qualities D. Record your affirmation on a 3-minute loop tape and listen to it often
answer
A. Criticize other people before they criticize you
question
In the pursuit of a 4-year degree, students spend nearly 400 hours in a formal classroom. TRUE FALSE
answer
TRUE
question
The goal of taking notes is to get down "everything that the instructor says." TRUE FALSE
answer
FALSE
question
Victims allow wandering thoughts to sabotage their learning. TRUE FALSE
answer
TRUE
question
In a study by Kiewra, it was found that lecture notes taken by first-year students contain, on average, only _______________of the critical ideas presented during a class. A. four or five B. 11 percent C. 75 percent D. half E. the first and last
answer
B. 11 percent
question
When taking notes in the class of a speed-talker, what can you do to be a speed-note-taker? A. Condense: listen for a minute, note the key concept or main idea, then paraphrase in your own words B. Leave blank spaces for missed material—you can get with a classmate after class to fill in the blanks C. Create your own personal shorthand--use a system of abbreviations D. All of the above E. None of the above
answer
D. All of the above
Bring About Change
Introductory Sociology
Official Poverty Line
Social Problems
Sociology
Uniform Crime Report
Social problems exam 1 – Flashcards 121 terms

Charles Clay
121 terms
Preview
Social problems exam 1 – Flashcards
question
According to sociologists, the definition of violence includes pain or injury to other people or damage of property
answer
T
question
What constitutes a social problem remains constant across time
answer
T
question
To be defined as a social problem, a condition or pattern of behaivor must affect all members of a population
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F
question
A subjective awareness that a social problem exists usually emerges before the objective reality of the problem is acknowledged
answer
T
question
The functionalist perspective would attribute social problems to the unequal distribution of resources in society
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F
question
Conflict theorists focus on inequalities in society
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T
question
Labeling theory and the social construction of reality are value conflict perspectives
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F
question
The type of research method used depends on the nature of the study in question
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T
question
It is logical to conclude that one has to be in a position of power in order to discriminate
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T
question
According to C. Wright Mills, in order to understand a phenomenon in question in its entirety, it is important to bridge the mico-macro aspects of society
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T
question
In high income nations such as the US, most people have similar life chances
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F
question
Karl Marx believed that inequality and poverty were inevitable by-products of the exploitation of workers by capitalists
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T
question
Income is the economic gain derived from wages, salaries, income transfers, or ownership of property
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T
question
Today, more than 1.4 billion people live in absolute poverty
answer
T
question
The US poverty line is primarily based on a low-cost food budget for a family
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T
question
The amount of low income housing has increased significantly in recent years due to programs such as Habitat for Humaity and federal housing initiatives
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F
question
Countries with relatively low income levels, high rates of absolute poverty, low life expectancy, and high infant mortality rates are low income nations
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T
question
The feminization of poverty refers to the trend whereby women are disproportionately representative
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T
question
Class systems contribute to social stratification
answer
T
question
Which of the following statement most accurately describes class inequality in the US?
answer
Despite the american Dream, The Us remains highly stratified
question
Which of the following statements most accurately describes class inequality in the United States?
answer
Despite the American Dream, the U.S. remains highly stratified.
question
The vast majority of poor people in the United States are
answer
women and children.
question
Most researchers argue that the most frequent cause of homelessness is
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Poverty and jobloss
question
The practice used by people who view a social problem as emanating from within the individual exhibiting the problem is known as
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Blaming the victim
question
Oscar Lewis's idea that some poor people develop a separate and self-perpetuating system of attitudes and behaviors that keeps them trapped in poverty is known as
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The culture of poverty hypothsis
question
Which of the following initiatives created farm subsidies, minimum wage standards, and the Social Security system?
answer
Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal in the 1930s
question
Which one of the following is most likely to fall into poverty?
answer
single female-headed families
question
Which of the following perspectives asserts that poverty-related problems can be reduced by strengthening our major social institutions?
answer
Functionalist perspective
question
Conflict theorists would suggest that
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The problem of poverty can only be solved by reducing inequality
question
The decrease in take-home pay of workers since the 1980s is also known as
answer
wage squeeze
question
James is a high school graduate and semiskilled laborer who is going back to school to attain his associate's degree. James is trying to improve his
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Human capital
question
Discrimination deals with one's actions, while prejudice deals with one's attitude.
answer
T
question
Race is biological, while ethnicity is cultural.
answer
T
question
According to the text, government racial and ethnic classifications have been used exclusively for the purpose of gathering data for the U.S. census.
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F
question
Subordinate groups need not necessarily be a numerical minority
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T
question
Mortgage lenders who are more likely to grant bank loans to whites than to people of color are engaging in institutional discrimination.
answer
T
question
Actions or practices of dominant group members that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups are referred to as
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Discrimination
question
Which of the following groups is an example of an ethnic group?
answer
Italian Americans
question
Teaching school children that their own school and country are the best is an example
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Ethnocentrism
question
Racism in the United States is sometimes referred to as
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White racism
question
A mindset characterized by excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance
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Authoritarian personality
question
Which theorists explain racial and ethnic inequality in terms of economic stratification and access to power?
answer
Conflict theorists
question
According to the gendered racism perspective
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Women of color have been uniquely affected by the interactive effect of racism and sexism
question
The first Asians to arrive in the United States in sizable numbers were from
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China
question
The "Jim Crow" laws designed to enforce the physical and social separation of African Americans from whites in all areas of public life after 1863 were examples of
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De jure segregation
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The largest subordinate racial-ethnic group in the U.S. is
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Hispanic Americans
question
Which of the following would assert that discriminated-against individuals and groups are at least partly responsible for their own subordination because of decisions they make along
answer
Functionalist theorists
question
Which of the following would view families, schools, and churches as being key institutions that should encourage minority acceptance of dominant U.S. cultural patterns?
answer
Functionalist theorists
question
Which of the following emphasize that solutions to the problem of inequality will be found only through government programs that specifically attack racial inequality and actively reduce patterns of discrimination?
answer
Conflict theorists
question
Which of the following purport that prejudice and discrimination are learned and
answer
Symbolic interactionist theorists
question
Conflict perspectives on racial and ethnic inequality are based on the assumption
answer
Economic stratification and unequal access to power place minority group members at a distince disadvantage as compared to dominant group members
question
The U.S. has been compared to a salad bowl, one dish made up of individual ingredients, in order to explain a contemporary society where different cultures blend yet still retain their essential uniqueness. Which of the following processes does this comparison define?
answer
Ethnic pluralism
question
Functionalists, conflict theorists, and symbolic interactionists would all agree that
answer
The US population is becoming increasingly diverse at a rapid rate
question
The study of human society and social interactions
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Sociology
question
Individuals sharing geographic area and culture
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Society
question
Knowledge, values, customs, material objects passed to person to person
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Culture
question
Social condition/pattern of behavior that harms some or all people in a society, causes public concern and action for change
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Social problem
question
Connect private problems to public issues shift focus to a larger social context
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Sociological imagination
question
Logically related statements that attempt to describe, explain, or predict social events *viewing society as a sociological perspective
answer
Theory
question
Macrolevel, parts that work together to maintain stability, results from dysfunctional acts and institutions solution: strengthen social institutions
answer
Funtionalist perspective
question
Macrolevel, characterized by conflict and inequality, lack of agreement on values. Focuses on race, gender, class Solution: reform political and economic institutions to change inequality
answer
Conflict perspective
question
Micolevel, society is the sum of interactions between groups and individuals. Social problems are based on the behavior people learn from others. Based on subjective problems Solution: change societal values which encourage violence
answer
Symbolic interactionist perspective
question
Used to collect data about society
answer
Research methods
question
uses numbers
answer
Quantitative
question
Uses words
answer
Qualitative
question
Observe in a natural setting
answer
Field research
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Ask series of questions (most frequently used), target small group that are representatives of a larger group
answer
Survey
question
USe already existing data, has no contact examples: records, census bureau data Content analysis-examination of documents ex tv programming, lyrics to songs
answer
Secondary analysis
question
Small relations
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Micro level
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Occurring at societal levels
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Macro level
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Highly industrialized economy, high income ex. canada, Japan and US
answer
High income nations
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Agrarian-- to industrial economy ex. Columbia, guatemala and peru
answer
Middle income nations
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Agrarian economy ex. Africa
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Low income nations
question
Gap between rich and poor is increasing Life indicators: health, life expectancy and sanitation
answer
Global disperity
question
Having access to important resources ex. food, shelter, healthcare, sanitation 1.4 billion absolute poverty
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Life chances
question
Hierarchy of social groups, some groups control more resources US Stratification has changed Gap: have and have nots increasing Life chances for poor is decreasing
answer
Social stratification
question
Undiminsional approach, class position determined by relationship to means of production in capitalist society
answer
Karl Marx
question
Multidiminsional approach Wealth, power and prestige
answer
Max Weber
question
value of assets
answer
Wealth
question
achivement
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Power
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Respect and esteem from others
answer
Prestige
question
Class criteria, ownership of means of production, purchase of labor, control of labor and sale of labor
answer
Erik Wright
question
Value of economic assets, unevenly distributed, poorest 20% have no wealth, min less wealth
answer
Wealth
question
Economic gain from salaries and wages big gap between high and low, medium income of blacks lower than whites
answer
Income
question
Wealthy, most powerful ex. investors and heirs
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Upper class
question
Control production in society
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Upper-middle class
question
White collar, middle management
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Middle class
question
Semiskilled and nonmanual positions ex. daycare workers and cashiers
answer
Working class
question
Work full time ex. unskilled, low paid positions
answer
Working poor
question
20% of US population, negative net worth (owe more than they make)
answer
Chronically poor
question
% below poverty line 14.3 in 2009 Market basket- food budget x 3
answer
Poverty rate
question
Who is Poor?
answer
2/3 women and households headed by women
question
Women experience poverty at far higher rates than men
answer
Feminization of poverty
question
Consequences of poverty
answer
limited access to healthcare inadequate nutrition--> med probs hard to find cheap housing Reduced edu programs
question
Assistance programs for housing, health, education and income
answer
Welfare state
question
Explanations of poverty
answer
Individual- laziness, human capital, blaming the victim Cultural- cultural deficiency, culture of poverty, cultural capital Structural- economy puts people in poverty
question
Solutions to poverty: Functionalist Conflict Symbolic interactionist
answer
Functionalist- strengthen social institutions Conflict- reduce gender, race and class inequality Symbolic interactionist- reduce stigma, change how we view society
question
Differs because of a gene
answer
Race
question
Category singled out as inferior or superior determined by physical characteristics (skin, hair, eye shape)
answer
Racial group
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Distinguished culturally
answer
Ethnic group
question
Advantaged, superior resources and rights, be determined by: race, ethnicity, gender, sex orientation ex. White skin privilege
answer
Dominant
question
Disadvantaged, unequal treatment, prejudice or discrimination
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Subordinate
question
Beliefs and practices which justify unequal treatment of racial and ethnic groups White racism is present in US and denies people of color opportunities
answer
Racism
question
Negative attitudes toward a group- based on faulty generalizations, stems from ethnocentrism (one's group is superior), influenced by stereotypes
answer
Prejudice
question
one's group is better
answer
Ethnocentrism
question
Over generalizations about all members of a group
answer
Stereotypes
question
Individual- 1 on 1 by dominant to subordinate Institutional- day to day practices of institutions impact on subordinate
answer
Discrimination
question
Sociological Perspectives on race
answer
Social psychological perspective: Frustration-aggression hypothesis- individuals who are unable to achieve a set goal become frustrated Authoritarian Personality- tendency to be more prejudice
question
Symbolic Interactionist
answer
Racial Socialization: -Process of social interaction containing messages about one's racial/ethnic group - can be direct via contact with parents, peers, teachers, others - also indiectly through media
question
Functionalist
answer
Focus on social order and stability as being important Assimilation- process where subordinate group members become absorbed in dominant culture, seen by functionlists as stabilizing Anglo-conformity model
question
Functionalist continued
answer
Ethnic pluralism- diverse racial and ethnic groups coexist, maintain separate identities and cultures Segregation- separation of people, based on class, gender, religion ect
question
Conflict
answer
Class perspectives: African Americans were enslaved;were the cheapest workers Contemporary theory- split-labor market theory: US divided into 2 sectors
question
Conflict continued
answer
Gendered Racism- interaction of gender and race resulting in exploitation of woman of color Internal colonialism- members of a racial/ethnic group are placed under control of the dominant group
question
Conflict continued
answer
Theory of racial formation: Gov has large role in defining racial and ethnic relations Policies and actions placing one group sin a subordinate position Immigration and naturalization laws- influence relations between racial and ethnic groups
question
Pop of 15 mill when columbus arrived in 1492 White eros conquered and colonized the Native Americans (genocide) 1830- Indian Removal Act passed
answer
Native Americans
question
First brought to North America as slaves in 1619 Slavery established in 1863 South-De jure segregation North-De facto segregation Civil rights Acts of 1964 and 1965 ended de jure segregation
answer
African Americans
question
Puerto Rico became a US possession in 1917; citizens allowed migration to US Refugees immigrated to US from Cua to flee from Fidel Castro Mexicans have immigrated to the US as agricultural workers
answer
Latinos (Hispanic Americans)
question
Came to America in 1850-1880 Japanese immigrants forced into internment camps during WWII Many immigrants have come recently form other parts
answer
Asian and Pacific Americans
question
Functionalist solutions to inequality
answer
Restructure social institutions
question
Conflict solutions to inequality
answer
Struggle and Political Action
question
Interactionist solutions to inequality
answer
Teach cultural diversity to unlearn prejudice and discrimination
Bring About Change
Linguistics
Part Time Jobs
Public Speaking
Questions To Ask
Send And Receive
Wear And Tear
MAN3025 Exam 4 (Ch 15) Flashcards 63 terms

Joseph Fraser
63 terms
Preview
MAN3025 Exam 4 (Ch 15) Flashcards
question
Which of the following is NOT part of listening-centered communication? A. Summarize what you believe the other person has said. B. Pay attention to the words spoken. C. Ask the other person to stop speaking when you disagree so that you may provide your counterargument. D. Ask questions to try to better understand. E. Only offer answers after the other person agrees that you understand her point of view.
answer
C. Ask the other person to stop speaking when you disagree so that you may provide your counterargument.
question
Communication is A. speaking or writing so that another is able to comprehend the meaning. B. interpretation of messages sent via any media. C. the combined activities of speaking and listening. D. the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another. E. a process involving only the sender, message, and receiver.
answer
D. the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another.
question
When your intended message is sent accurately in the least amount of time, you are a(n) A. economical communicator. B. efficient communicator. C. formal communicator. D. collaborative communicator. E. effective communicator.
answer
B. efficient communicator.
question
Which of the following is NOT an element of the communication model? A. Sender B. Feedback C. Decoder D. Noise E. Message
answer
C. Decoder
question
The process of translating a message into understandable symbols or language is called A. encoding. B. transforming. C. mediating. D. decoding. E. enriching.
answer
A. encoding
question
When the band came out on stage and the lead singer shouted, "Hello, Orlando!" the crowd roared with applause. This is an example of A. decoding. B. medium selection. C. noise. D. encoding. E. feedback.
answer
E. feedback.
question
Which of the following is NOT an example of noise in the communication process in a typical classroom? A. A student in the back of the classroom texting a friend B. Groundskeepers mowing the lawn outside the classroom window C. A student responding to a professor's request for questions D. Uncomfortable classroom desks E. An attractive person walking by the open classroom door
answer
C. A student responding to a professor's request for questions
question
Which of the following is a step in the communication process? A. Noise is eliminated from the message B. The sender decodes the message C. Possible receivers are considered D. The message is transmitted through a medium E. The receiver selects medium
answer
D. The message is transmitted through a medium
question
A(n) ______ form of media allows receivers to observe multiple cues, such as body language and tone of voice, and allows senders to get feedback. A. encoded B. rich C. dense D. complex E. formal
answer
B. rich
question
Which of the following is the most appropriate media for a manager advising employees of a revision to the company's bonus structure? A. E-mail to all those affected B. Telephone call to each C. Posting an announcement near the office coffee machine D. Face-to-face meeting E. Personal note to each
answer
D. Face-to-face meeting
question
Of the following, which medium is the richest? A. Company newsletter B. Telephone C. E-mail D. Memos E. Videoconferencing
answer
E. Videoconferencing
question
Of the following, which medium is the least rich? A. Flier on a bulletin board B. Instant messaging on the Internet C. E-mail D. Handwritten notes E. Conference telephone calls
answer
A. Flier on a bulletin board
question
A manager wants to tell employees that the quarterly project management training will start on April 12th, about two months from now. Generally, which of the following should the manager use? A. Videoconferencing B. Telephone C. Personal notes D. Face-to-face meeting E. Newsletter
answer
E. Newsletter
question
Executives at Raytron Industries want to let middle managers know that the company is going to be acquired by its largest competitor. Assuming any of the following are possible, how should executives communicate this? A. Send a memo to all managers B. Call a meeting of managers C. Post a notice on all bulletin boards D. Send an e-mail to all managers E. Schedule a conference phone call
answer
B. Call a meeting of managers
question
Samantha wanted to tell her employee about the seminar, but she put the flier in a stack of papers and forgot about it until after the deadline to sign up. This is an example of what type of barrier to communication? A. Sender barrier B. Encoding barrier C. Medium barrier D. Feedback barrier E. Receiver barrier
answer
A. Sender barrier
question
Yelena worked on a global team for an American company, and all her work had to be completed in her second language, English. Sometimes her teammates misinterpreted her meaning. This is an example of a(n) ______ barrier to communication. A. decoding B. sender C. feedback D. receiver E. encoding
answer
E. encoding
question
Rolando was in meetings all day and didn't get a chance to check his email before he had to pick up his children from daycare, so he missed an important message from a client. This is an example of what type of barrier to communication? A. Medium barrier B. Decoding barrier C. Feedback barrier D. Receiver barrier E. Encoding barrier
answer
D. Receiver barrier
question
Odiche works part-time in a smoothie shop. With all the blenders, sometimes the noise prevents him from correctly hearing the customer orders. This is an example of a(n) ______ barrier to communication. A. feedback B. semantic C. personal D. encoding E. physical
answer
E. physical
question
Dianne, located in Michigan, needs to communicate with Henning, who is in Oslo, Norway, about a project they are working on. Henning has perfect command of English, but they are still facing a(n) ______ barrier to communication. A. semantic B. personal C. encoding D. medium E. physical
answer
E. physical
question
The study of the meaning of words is called A. jargon. B. lexicography. C. rhetoric. D. semantics. E. cartology.
answer
D. semantics.
question
______ is likely to cause a semantic barrier to communication. A. Jargon B. Technology C. Gossip D. The grapevine E. Rhetoric
answer
A. Jargon
question
Which of the following is NOT a personal barrier to communication? A. A small vocabulary B. Obsolete technology C. Lack of credibility D. Different frame of reference E. Large ego
answer
B. Obsolete technology
question
Andrew was so mad that his boss Beth brought up an idea he gave her earlier that he couldn't even think about what his colleagues were now saying in the meeting. This is an example of which personal barrier to communication? A. Tendency to judge others' messages B. Variable skills in communicating effectively C. Oversized ego D. Inability to listen with understanding E. Variation in interpreting information
answer
C. Oversized ego
question
The statement, "Single old ladies are cat people," reflects a(n) A. accepted generalization. B. stereotype. C. finding of the grapevine. D. type of jargon. E. statement of fact.
answer
B. stereotype.
question
Which of the following is NOT a way in which nonverbal communication is expressed? A. Writing a thank you note B. Making someone wait an hour in the lobby C. Looking away while talking to someone D. Grimacing E. Touching someone's shoulder
answer
A. Writing a thank you note
question
Most people tend to ______ when conveying bad news or negative feedback. A. smile B. avoid eye contact C. nod their heads D. lean forward E. yawn
answer
B. avoid eye contact
question
Which of the following is a "don't" when attempting to improve communication? A. Occasionally nod in agreement B. Lean toward the speaker C. Speak in a quiet, reassuring tone D. Smile and show animation E. Close your eyes
answer
E. Close your eyes
question
Which of the following is a "do" when attempting to improve communication? A. Close your eyes B. Smile C. Look away from the speaker D. Speak very slowly E. Turn away from the speaker
answer
B. Smile
question
Compared to women, men tend to A. give more tactful feedback. B. indicate their uncertainties. C. be indirect when admitting fault. D. pay more compliments. E. make more apologies.
answer
C. be indirect when admitting fault.
question
According to Deborah Tannen, men are more likely than women to A. pay more compliments. B. temper criticism with praise. C. ask more questions. D. apologize frequently. E. boast about achievements.
answer
E. boast about achievements.
question
Ginger, a marketing manager, uses a sports car metaphor to explain a concept to her male counterpart in accounting. She is said to be A. emasculating. B. wordsmithing. C. genderflexing. D. miscommunicating. E. ingratiating.
answer
C. genderflexing.
question
Channels of communications that follow the chain of command and are considered as official are termed A. formal. B. prescribed. C. vertical. D. horizontal. E. external.
answer
A. formal.
question
Which of the following indicates how official communications should be routed? A. Grapevine B. Organization chart C. Lateral networks D. Corporate culture E. Personnel files
answer
B. Organization chart
question
A manager who is directing her subordinate about work tasks is communicating A. vertically. B. horizontally. C. externally. D. through the grapevine. E. informally.
answer
A. vertically
question
The more management levels through which a message passes A. the more important the message is. B. the higher the chance the message will become external. C. the more informal the organization. D. the more distorted the message may become. E. the more disorganized the organization.
answer
D. the more distorted the message may become.
question
Executives at Absolute Measurements, Inc. disseminated a new five-year strategic plan to managers. This is an example of A. external communication. B. downward communication. C. corporate communication. D. horizontal communication. E. informal communication.
answer
B. downward communication.
question
Kyung, a marketing manager, shares some of the market research his department has analyzed with the research and development group. Kyung is communicating A. by wandering around. B. upward. C. horizontally. D. through the grapevine. E. externally.
answer
C. horizontally.
question
Shortly after the end of the fiscal year, Zion Specialties released an earnings report to shareholders. This is an example of communicating A. vertically. B. upward. C. horizontally. D. downward. E. externally.
answer
E. externally.
question
______ communication channels develop outside the organizational structure and do not follow the chain of command. A. Customary B. Vertical C. Horizontal D. Informal E. External
answer
D. Informal
question
Gossip and rumor in an organization are part of the ______, which itself is a type of ______ communication channel. A. organization chart; horizontal B. culture; horizontal C. organization chart; informal D. grapevine; horizontal E. grapevine; informal
answer
E. grapevine; informal
question
The grapevine is A. a horizontal communication channel. B. almost wholly inaccurate. C. slower than formal channels. D. used by employees to acquire most of their on-the-job information. E. a morale enhancer.
answer
D. used by employees to acquire most of their on-the-job information.
question
A manager who literally wanders around her organization and talks with people across all lines of authority is doing A. COO. B. MBWA. C. MBO. D. TQM. E. JIT.
answer
B. MBWA.
question
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the Millennial generation? A. Desire to accept facts and authority at face value B. Desire to experience new and different things C. Desire to have personalized products and choice D. Desire to keep things moving and interesting E. Desire to have instant feedback
answer
A. Desire to accept facts and authority at face value
question
Using video and audio links along with computers to allow people at different locations to see, hear, and talk with each other is called A. telecommuting. B. collaborative computing. C. videoconferencing. D. telecollaborating. E. using the extranet.
answer
C. videoconferencing.
question
Which of the following is true of telecommuting? A. Increased capital costs B. Attractive to people with high social needs C. Makes recruiting more difficult D. Increased turnover E. Increased ability to hire nontraditional workers, such as prisoner inmates
answer
E. Increased ability to hire nontraditional workers, such as prisoner inmates
question
______ can be quite expensive, requiring a specially designed room with multiple cameras and high-definition video screens. A. Telepresence technology B. Telecommuting C. Videoconferencing D. Teleworking E. Netconferencing
answer
A. Telepresence technology
question
The key to protecting digital communication systems against fraud, hackers, identity theft, and other threats is A. using file-sharing services. B. hiring ethical employees. C. creating a well-funded IT department. D. using prevention techniques like strong passwords. E. minimizing turnover.
answer
D. using prevention techniques like strong passwords.
question
When thieves use your name and good credit rating to get cash or buy things, it is known as A. personal data theft. B. credit mishandling. C. identity theft. D. credit exploitation. E. misuse of standing.
answer
C. identity theft.
question
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of e-mail? A. The sheer number that must be handled by the average worker B. Decrease in other forms of communication, like greetings C. Emotions are often poorly communicated D. Considered rude to use in crowded places E. The greater the use of email, the less connected coworkers feel
answer
D. Considered rude to use in crowded places
question
Which of the following is appropriate for workplace e-mail? A. Editing another's e-mail when replying B. Complicated topics C. Jokes D. Informality and grammar errors E. Sensitive personal issues
answer
A. Editing another's e-mail when replying
question
Generally, people comprehend about ______ of a typical verbal message. A. 5% B. a third C. half D. two thirds E. all
answer
B. a third
question
The average speaker communicates about ______ as many words as the average listener can process. A. one fourth B. half C. about D. twice E. four times
answer
A. one fourth
question
What do good listeners do during the information gap between what someone says and how fast we process? A. Daydream B. Decide what they will say next C. Think about other things D. Mentally summarize what's been said E. Make a convincing argument against what is being said
answer
D. Mentally summarize what's been said
question
Which of the following is NOT a suggestion that may help you be a good listener? A. Memorize the details B. Ask questions C. Summarize remarks D. Judge content, not delivery E. Give a fair hearing
answer
A. Memorize the details
question
Speed reading works well for material that is A. jargon-laden. B. unfamiliar. C. easy. D. dense. E. complicated
answer
C. easy.
question
Top-down reading strategies include which of the following? A. Read everything you can that is related to your industry. B. Formulate specific questions you want the reading to answer. C. Summarize findings for your subordinates. D. Get deeply into the details, where the meat of most writing is. E. Test yourself on what you've read.
answer
B. Formulate specific questions you want the reading to answer.
question
If you want your writing to establish a common ground with the reader and make your overall argument stronger, you should order your arguments from A. negative to positive. B. most important to least important. C. least controversial to most controversial. D. least important to most important. E. positive to negative.
answer
A. negative to positive.
question
When you want your reader to take a logical and fairly nonpolitical action, you should order ideas in your writing from A. least controversial to most controversial. B. least important to most important. C. negative to positive. D. positive to negative. E. most important to least important.
answer
E. most important to least important.
question
Carter wants to change the CEO's mind about seeking an outside firm to which they could outsource the customer service function. He decides to write a proposal, including a variety of arguments to support his idea. Here, Carter should order his ideas from A. most important to least important. B. least controversial to most controversial. C. negative to positive. D. positive to negative. E. least important to most important.
answer
B. least controversial to most controversial.
question
Which of the following is a tip for writing more effectively? A. Use passive voice. B. Construct interesting, complex sentences. C. Don't use italics or bolding in business writing. D. Start by telling what you expect of the reader. E. Use narrow margins.
answer
D. Start by telling what you expect of the reader.
question
A study conducted by AT&T and Stanford University found that the top predictor of success and professional upward mobility was A. intelligence. B. writing ability. C. integrity. D. interpersonal skills. E. public speaking ability.
answer
E. public speaking ability.
question
The introduction to a business speech should A. contain at least one joke. B. get right to the point. C. contain a phrase like, "I'm honored to be here." D. contain significant details of the presentation. E. contain an unrelated story to catch the interest of the audience.
answer
B. get right to the point.
question
Which of the following is NOT appropriate to include in the conclusion of a speech? A. A signal phrase to cue listeners about the wind-up B. Details you forgot from earlier C. A call to action D. "Thank you" E. A little upbeat story
answer
B. Details you forgot from earlier
Bring About Change
Health Promotion And Disease Prevention
Health Psychology
Health Related Problems
High Risk Groups
Public Health
Trends Over Time
Microbiology Exam 4 Terms – Flashcards 29 terms

James Hopper
29 terms
Preview
Microbiology Exam 4 Terms – Flashcards
question
Define Epidemiology |
answer
The study of the frequency and distribution of diseases i the population |
question
What are the two categories of diseases that are transmitted from one person to another? |
answer
Communicable; contagious |
question
Which disease type has secondary cases resulting in longer epidemics? |
answer
Communicable |
question
What are noncommunicable diseases? |
answer
Diseases that are not transmitted from one person to another |
question
Give an example of a communicable or contagious disease |
answer
Measles, colds, influenza |
question
Give an example of noncommunicable disease |
answer
Pneumonia, botulism, staphylococcal food poisoning |
question
Define endemic rate. |
answer
Diseases that occur in any population at a normal rate |
question
When is a disease classified as an epidemic? |
answer
If the number of disease cases increases above its endemic rate |
question
What is a local epidemic called? |
answer
An outbreak |
question
What is a pandemic? |
answer
A worldwide epidemic |
question
In what rate is epidemiologic data expressed? |
answer
the number of cases (numerator) per unit of population (denominator) |
question
What is the attack rate? |
answer
Cases per exposed population |
question
What is the morbidity rate? |
answer
Nonfatal cases per population |
question
What is the mortality rate? |
answer
Fatal cases per population |
question
Define incidence. |
answer
New cases per population over a time period (day, week, month, year) |
question
Define prevalence. |
answer
Total cases per population at one point in time |
question
What must all infections disease have? |
answer
A reservoir |
question
Describe direct transmission |
answer
Contact between the source and case |
question
Describe indirect transmission |
answer
Through fomites |
question
Describe droplet (respiratory tract) transmission |
answer
Organism is in a droplet of saliva and mucous; settles quickly and spreads about 3 feet |
question
Describe airborne transmission |
answer
Organism stays suspended in air (tuberculosis) |
question
Describe vertical transmission |
answer
Transfer of infection from the mother to the fetus before or during birth or breastfeeding. Can be transplacental or ascending,through the vagina |
question
What is the an incubation period? |
answer
The period between exposure and disease. |
question
Does a lower or higher infectious does cause more cases? |
answer
Lower |
question
What are some epidemiologic factors that contribute to the contraction of a disease |
answer
Physiologic factors and general health: stress, malnutrition, crowding, underlying disease. Age, gender Cultural factors: exposure to risk by behavior Genetic factors |
question
What type of information do Infection disease investigators collect? |
answer
Where and when each case occurred (person, place, and time) |
question
What are nosocomial infections? |
answer
Infections acquired while staying at a hospital |
question
What percent of nosocomial infections are acquired through the: urinary tract, surgical wound, lower respiratory, bloodstream. |
answer
50%, 25%, 12%, 6% |
question
List 3 infection prevention strategies |
answer
Handwashing, Barrier precautions, cleaning, disinfection, sterilization |
AP Biology
Biology
Bring About Change
Evolutionary Biology
Nervous Tissue
Three Domains Of Life
AP Biology: Ch 1 A View of Life – Mader – Flashcards 60 terms

Kenneth Wheeler
60 terms
Preview
AP Biology: Ch 1 A View of Life – Mader – Flashcards
question
adaptation
answer
Species's modification in structure, function, or behavior that makes a species more suitable to its environment.
question
animal
answer
Multicelluar, heterotrophic eukaryote that undergoes development to achieve its final form. In general, mobile organisms, characterized by the presence of muscular and nervous tissue.
question
binomial nomenclature
answer
scientific name of an organism, the first part of which designates the genus and the second part of which designates the specific epithet
question
biodiversity
answer
total number of species, the variability of their genes, and the communities in which they live
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biology
answer
the branch of science that is concerned with the study of life and living organsms
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biosphere
answer
zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the Earth in which living organisms are found
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cell
answer
the smallest unit of life that displays all the properties of life; composed of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane
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class
answer
one of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the order level
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community
answer
assemblage of species interacting with one another within the same environment
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conclusion
answer
sample that goes through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the variable being tested; a standard against which the results of an experiment are checked
question
control
answer
sample that goes through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the variable being tested; a standard against which the results of an experiment are checked
question
data
answer
facts or information collected through observation and/or experimentation
question
deductive reasoning
answer
the use of general principles to predict specific outcomes; often uses "if ... then" statements
question
domain
answer
largest of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
question
domain Archaea
answer
one of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that often live in extreme habitats and have unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics; its members are sometimes referred to as archaea
question
domain Bacteria
answer
one of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that differ from archaea because they have their own unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics
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domain Euakrya
answer
one of the three domains of life, consisting of organisms with eukaryotic cells; includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals
question
ecosystem
answer
biological community together with the associated abiotic environment; characterized by a flow of energy and a cycling of inorganic nutrients
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emergent property
answer
a function or trait that appears as biological complexity increases
question
energy
answer
capacity to do work and bring about change; occurs in a variety of forms
question
eukaryote
answer
type of cell that has a membrane-bounded nucleus and membranous organelles; found in organisms within the domain Eukarya
question
evolution
answer
genetic change in a species over time resulting in the development of genetic and phenotypic differences that are the basis of natural selection; descent of organisms from a common ancestor
question
experiment
answer
a test of a hypothesis that examines the influence of a single variable; often involves both control and test groups
question
experimental design
answer
methodology by which an experiment will seek to support the hypothesis
question
experimental variable
answer
a variable in an experiment that is changed by the experimenter
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extinction
answer
disappearance of a species from all parts of its geographical range
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family
answer
(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera
question
fungi
answer
Kingdom composed of heterotrophs; many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter
question
gene
answer
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
question
genus
answer
(biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species
question
homeostasis
answer
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
question
hypothesis
answer
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
question
inductive reasoning
answer
A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.
question
kingdom
answer
taxonomic category, the second broadest after domain, made up of many phyla
question
law
answer
a descriptive statement or equation that reliably predicts events under certain conditions
question
metabolism
answer
the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
question
model
answer
a representation of an object or event (usually on a smaller scale)
question
multicellular
answer
organisms composed of many cells
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natural selection
answer
organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
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observation
answer
the action or process of observing something or someone carefully or in order to gain information.
question
order
answer
taxonomic group containing one or more families
question
organism
answer
An individual living thing
question
phenomenon
answer
a fact or event which can be observed and/or documented
question
photosynthesis
answer
process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars
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phylum
answer
taxonomic group of related classes
question
plant
answer
multicellular eukaryote that produces its own food through photosynthesis
question
population
answer
group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
question
prediction
answer
a statement of what a scientist expects to observe if a hypothesis is true
question
principle
answer
a fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior
question
prokaryote
answer
a unicellular organism having cells lacking membrane-bound nuclei
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protist
answer
free-living or colonial organisms with diverse nutritional and reproductive modes
question
reproduce
answer
the production of offspring that are similar to the parents
question
responding variable
answer
the variable that changes in response to the manipulated variable
question
scientific method
answer
a series of steps that scientists use to answer questions and solve problems
question
scientific theory
answer
explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world
question
species
answer
taxonomic group whose members can interbreed
question
standard deviation
answer
a measure of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean
question
systematics
answer
study of the diversity of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms
question
taxonomy
answer
the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms
question
unicellular
answer
having or consisting of a single cell
Bring About Change
Cost Benefit Analysis
Free Health Care
Free Rider Problem
Principles Of Economics: Macroeconomics
Principles Of Economics: Microeconomics
Exam 1 – Flashcard 254 terms

Marguerite Castillo
254 terms
Preview
Exam 1 – Flashcard
question
The definition of economics states that it is the study of how _________.
answer
agents choose to allocate scarce resources and the impact of those choices on society.
question
The statement that the United States is too aggressive in increasing the money supply is too aggressive in increasing the money supply is a normative statement since it describes what people ought to do .
answer
question
The statement that the United States saw the unemployment rate peak at 10 percent in 2009 the unemployment rate peak at 10 percent in 2009 is a positivestatement since it describes what people actually do .
answer
question
The ethical implications of a hotly debated government policy would best be considered a _________.
answer
normative question, since it deals with a subjective issue based on personal preferences.
question
Economics is divided into two broad fields of study: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics studies _________, while macroeconomics studies _________.
answer
a small piece of the overall economy; the economy as a whole.
question
Policy decisions made by the government are analyzed by _________.
answer
both microeconomics and macroeconomics.
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A policy such as taxes on cigarettes would be studied under microeconomics , since it deals with a small part of the overall economy .
answer
question
A policy such as passing an economic stimulus to spur the economy would be studied under macroeconomics , since it deals with the economy as a whole .
answer
question
A policy such as reducing government spending to control the national debt would be studied under macroeconomics , since it deals with the economy as a whole .
answer
question
Empiricism describes a situation where
answer
economists use data to analyze what is happening in the world.
question
Optimization describes a situation where
answer
people weigh costs and benefits when making a decision
question
Equilibrium describes a situation where
answer
no one would benefit from changing his or her behavior
question
Economics, anthropology, psychology, sociology, and political science all study human behavior. Economics differs from these other social sciences because it also addresses these three key concepts: _________.
answer
Optimization, equilibrium, and empiricism.
question
During the process of optimization economists believe that people are considering _________.
answer
the feasibility of a choice, given the information available at the time.
question
The goal of optimization for an individual is to maximize
answer
overall well-being
question
Suppose that you allocate $20 each week for your entertainment budget. This money is spent on two items: either renting movies for $1 each at Redbox or downloading songs from iTunes at $1 each. Given this information, which of the following would represent your budget constraint for entertainment?
answer
Amount spent on iTunes + Amount spent at Redbox = $20.
question
Your budget constraint for entertainment illustrates the concept of trade-offs , since as you increase your purchases of one item, you must decrease your purchases of the other item
answer
question
The opportunity cost of an activity is a measure of what is given up when you do that activity. Let's say that you are trying to decide what to do on Friday at 11 a.m. You rank your possible options from the one you value the most to the one that you value the least in the following order: going to class, sleeping in late, going to work early, getting lunch, going to the gym to exercise, and watching television. If you decide to go to class, then what do we know about the opportunity cost of your decision?
answer
The opportunity cost would be sleeping in late, since it was your next-best option.
question
Comparing a set of feasible alternatives and picking the best one is an optimization process called _________.
answer
cost-benefit analysis.
question
When deciding whether to install visible countdown timers for pedestrians at crosswalks, which of the following would be considered in the cost-benefit analysis? (Check all that apply.)
answer
The cost in terms of dollars of installing these new timers all over the city. Your answer is correct.B. The value of the lives lost by drivers who watch the countdown timers and try to make it through a light. Your answer is correct.C. The higher maintenance bill associated with fixing these more complex signals when they break down. Your answer is correct.D. The value of the pedestrians' lives saved by having the timers to assist in crossing the street.
question
For a market to be in equilibrium, three conditions must hold. Fill in the blanks below to complete these conditions. The amount produced by sellers must be equal to the amount purchased by buyers. The costs of making a product must be less than the final price at which the product sells. Buyers must place a value on the uses of the product that is greater than the cost of buying the product.
answer
question
In which of the following areas will taking an economics course help benefit you throughout your life?
answer
A. It will instill the concept that what activity is given up by a decision plays an important role when making choices. B. It will give you the logic behind using cost-benefit analysis when evaluating decisions. C. It will help you analyze and predict human behavior in a variety of situations. D. All of the above.
question
Suppose your New Year resolution is to get back in shape. You are considering various ways of doing this: you can sign up for a gym membership, walk to work, take the stairs instead of the elevator, or watch your diet. How would you evaluate these options and choose an optimal one? When making your decision about which activity to choose, you should consider the monetary cost as well as the opportunity cost of the activities. The goal is to choose the option that offers the greatest net benefit.
answer
Do a cost-benefit analysis to compare the alternatives.
question
Free riding occurs when people's private benefits are out of sync with the public interest . Which of the following is subject to the free-rider problem?
answer
All of the above.
question
Which of the following is more susceptible to the free-rider problem: government −funded symphonies or city − wide pest control?
answer
Use of city −wide pest control is more susceptible since even those who don't pay taxes still benefit, while government −funded symphonies can charge for admission, so that everyone who goes pays their share.
question
Which of the following is true regarding the concept of causation?
answer
It describes how one event can bring about change in another.
question
Which of the following is not an example of causation?
answer
Washing your car will lead to raining that day
question
Identify the cause and effect in the following examples: Lower infant mortality is an effect and an improvement in nutrition is the cause . A surge in cocoa prices is an effect and a pest attack on the cocoa crop is the cause .
answer
question
Economists say the opportunity cost of an activity includes the value of the alternative use of your time . The opportunity cost of an activity takes account not only of required money outlay but also the value of the time you spend on the activity. The opportunity cost of your time can be roughly estimated using your wage . Positive economic analysis_____________.
answer
involves objective statements that can be disproven using data
question
Normative economic analysis______________.
answer
may include subjective and ethical judgments. makes recommendations on the best decision to achieve a given end.
question
According to the BLS data, the median weekly earnings of men working full time was $860 in 2013; the median weekly earnings of women working as lawyers was $1,566. Assuming Joe earns the median salary and works 52 weeks a year, a rough estimate of the opportunity cost of his time each year is $45,000. (Round your response to the nearest $1,000.) Economic analysis predicts that Joe is more likely to be the stay-at-home parent because the opportunity cost of his time is lower than that of Elizabeth. Economic analysis predicts that in less-developed, low-wage countries mothers are more likely to stay at home than mothers in developed, high-wage countries. For each of the following statements, determine whether positive or normative economic analysis is used. Positive 1.Families where both parents earn high wages (high opportunity cost of time) are more likely to both work at a paid job and hire outside help for household chores than otherwise similar families where parents earn low wages (low opportunity cost of time). Normative 2.Parents should carefully weigh all the costs and benefits, including their preferences and values, when deciding how to care for children. Normative 3. Some economists recommend granting unpaid leave to parents after the birth of a child because they calculate that the benefits exceed the costs.
answer
question
Consider the following three statements: Statement 1: You can either stand during a college football game or you can sit. You believe that you will see the game very well if you stand and others sit but that you will not be able to see at all if you sit and others stand. You therefore decide to stand. Statement 2: Your friend tells you that he expects many people to stand at football games. Statement 3: An economist studies photos of many college football games and estimates that 75 percent of all fans stand and 25 percent sit. Which of these statements deals with optimization, which deals with equilibrium, and which deals with empiricism? Explain. Statement 1 deals with ____________.
answer
optimization, because you are choosing your best feasible option Statement 2 deals with ____________. . equilibrium, because your friend presumes everyone is behaving optimally. Statement 3 deals with ____________. empiricism, because it describes behavior using real-world data.
question
How does microeconomics differ from macroeconomics?
answer
Microeconomics is the study of how individuals, households, firms, and governments make choices, while macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole.
question
Which of the following is not an item studied under microeconomics?
answer
Aggregate issues.
question
Which of the following is true regarding the concept of causation?
answer
It describes how one event can bring about change in another.
question
Which of the following is not an example of causation?
answer
wearing your lucky socks while watching the football game will lead to you team winning
question
Free riding occurs because _________.
answer
people sometimes pursue their own private interests and don't contribute voluntarily to the public interest.
question
The concept of opportunity cost is a measure of _________.
answer
the value of the best alternative use of a resource.
question
Suppose there are three activities in which you could participate: 1. The opportunity cost of the first activity is missing 3 hours of work. 2. The opportunity cost of the second activity is missing a concert that you have tickets to. 3. The opportunity cost of the third activity is missing the afternoon nap that you take every day. Given this information, for which of these activities would you be able to compare opportunity costs?
answer
You can compare all the activities after you translate all the missed activities into dollar amounts.
question
Which of the following would not be considered one of the possible opportunity costs of a recent high school graduate backpacking across Europe for a year.
answer
All of these is a possible opportunity cost.
question
The process of critical thinking is useful in macroeconomics because:
answer
Macroeconomics is focused on choosing effective policies.
question
Which of the below is not a distinguishing characteristic of critical thinking?
answer
Intuitiveness
question
What is the critical thinking issue in the story "What Do You Mean, Mr. President?" in Box 1.3?
answer
Knowing what the issue is.
question
Which of the following statements about the role of communication in the process of critical thinking is false?
answer
Communication can play a role, but more often than not its role is not important.
question
The critical thinking step of coming to a conclusion:
answer
Should include a consideration of the implications and consequences of your answer to the question at hand.
question
The process of critical thinking often involves formal and informal writing. Why do critical thinkers use both types of writing?
answer
Formal writing is used to communicate the results of one's critical thinking and to persuade others that one is right. Informal writing is primarily intended for oneselft or others with whom one is working, and is used to facilitate the critical thinking process itself.
question
Critical thinking about macroeconomic issues requires that you do what before analyzing the particular issue at hand?
answer
Take stock of any relevant macroeconomic information, theories, and conclusions that you already hold or believe.
question
Suppose that you are doing a macroeconomic research paper on whether to the Federal government should balance its budget in the coming year. Suppose further that in working on that paper you are frustrated by the inability to find statistics on government spending and economic growth in other countries. This frustration suggests you are having with what step of the critical thinking process?
answer
Gathering relevant information to answer the question.
question
What role do personal (or professional) values play in thinking critically about macroeconomic issues?
answer
Their role depends on the nature of the macroeconomic issue being investigated. However, one should be aware of any values that one holds that might be relevant to the macroeconomic issue.
question
The process of thinking critically is best described as:
answer
Deciding what the issue is, becoming aware of your initial frame of reference, gathering information, and constructing a conclusion.
question
Caveat lector is:
answer
A summary of the argument that one should be skeptical when gathering information.
question
Suppose you have just been hired as a management consultant by a major oil company to help it optimally price gasoline at its service stations. During a meeting with your client, the CEO asks if your economic models include all factors that impact gasoline prices. What is your response to his question?
answer
No, the model is a simplified representation of reality.
question
Your client becomes critical of your "sloppy" technique of using a model that does not include all factors. What is the most appropriate reply to this criticism?
answer
Economic models are meant to be approximations that predict what happens in most circumstances.
question
He is still unconvinced about the reliability of using economic models to make business decisions. You can answer this concern by sharing that you will confirm the accuracy of the model by testing its predictions with empirical data .
answer
question
Suppose you have been hired as a management consultant by a major oil company to help it optimally price gasoline at its service stations. Your client wants to know what will happen to gasoline demand if it increases gasoline prices by one cent higher than its nearest competitors. One of the members of your consulting team, Debbie, shares that one time in college she stopped buying gasoline from a service station that was one cent more expensive. Based on this story, should you conclude that demand will fall to zero if the client raises gas prices by one cent? No, since this is an argument by anecdote ,which can lead to wrong conclusions. Instead of relying on Debbie's college story to make a conclusion, you decide it is smarter to collect and analyze __________.
answer
a large amount of empirical data.
question
Suppose you have been hired as a management consultant by a major oil company to help it optimally price gasoline at its service stations. Your client would like your team to perform a study on customers' gasoline purchasing habits when they notice price increases. You suggest that the team _____________.
answer
design and execute an experiment.
question
Debbie, a member of your team, advocates finding random people and then breaking them up into two groups. Group A would be shown an increase in the price of gas before taking the survey. Group B would be told there was no increase in the price of gas before taking the survey. Troy, another member of your team, recommends finding two groups of people already sorted by whether or not they have recently noticed an increase in the price of gas. Debbie's method is a controlled experiment and Troy's method is a natural experiment . Group A is the treatment group and Group B is the control group .
answer
question
Suppose that you are on a date with an economics major, and you want to impress them by talking about economics. Your date challenges you to state your knowledge of positive and normative questions. You say that positive questions ask what is or what will be and normative questions ask what ought to be . Which of the following examples do you provide as a normative question?
answer
Should welfare be repealed?
question
Which of the following do you provide as a positive question?
answer
How much is the national debt?
question
To say that economists use the scientific method means that they are using ___________.
answer
an ongoing process to develop models of the world and then test and evaluate those models.
question
How do economists distinguish between models that work and those that don't?
answer
They test their models against real-world data.
question
How is the mean calculated from a series of observations?
answer
The mean is the sum values of the observations divided by the number of observations.
question
Suppose 2 comma 4772,477 people bought popsicles on a hot summer day. If the average number of popsicles that each person bought is 3, the number of popsicles sold that day is 7431
answer
question
How does the sample size affect the validity of an empirical argument?
answer
The larger the sample size the better.
question
What is meant by randomization in the context of an economic experiment?
answer
Subjects are assigned by chance, rather than by choice, to a group.
question
As the text explains, it can sometimes be very difficult to sort out the direction of causality. Causation occurs when there is ____________.
answer
a logical cause-and-effect relationship.
question
Demonstrate causation or correlation with the following examples: More police officers and lower crime rates is likely to be causation. More economic growth and higher employment levels is likely to be causation. The length of women's skirts and stock market performance is likely to be correlation .
answer
question
In general people with more education earn higher salaries. Economists have offered two explanations of this relationship. The human capital argument says that high schools and colleges teach people valuable skills, and employers are willing to pay higher salaries to attract people with those skills. The signaling argument says that college graduates earn more because a college degree is a signal to employers that a job applicant is diligent, intelligent, and persevering. The signaling argument implies that a college student who drops out of school one month before graduation should earn much less than a student who graduates. The human capital argument implies that a college student who drops out of school one month before graduation should earn almost the same as a student who graduates.
answer
question
Oregon expanded its Medicaid coverage in 2008. Roughly 90,000 people applied but the state had funds to cover only an additional 30,000 people. The state used a lottery to determine who would receive this free health care insurance from Medicaid. How could you use the Oregon experience to estimate the impact of increased access to health care on health outcomes? The Oregon experience is a natural experiment. One might analyze the data as follows: gather and analyze the data on the health care outcomes for the two groups to determine if free health care results in better health outcomes .
answer
question
A simple economic model predicts that a fall in the price of bus tickets means that more people will take the bus. However, you observe that some people still do not take the bus even after the price of a ticket fell. Is the model incorrect?
answer
No, because it predicts the outcome of increased bus ridership on average.
question
How would you test this model?
answer
You should run a natural experiment by analyzing bus ridership and price changes.
question
Which of the following graphical representations can be used to show the distribution of a household's income, in terms of percentages, among the various categories of expenses most appropriately?
answer
A pie chart
question
An independent variable:
answer
is manipulated by the experimenter in an experiment.
question
A scatter plot:
answer
shows the relationship between two variables at a point in time.
question
Which of the following is an example of a natural experiment?
answer
A research on the effect of air pollution on lung disorders by observing the health conditions of people who stay close to industrial areas and those who stay away from industries
question
An increase in returns to education over time means that:
answer
the earnings gap between the median college graduate and median high school graduate has grown larger over time.
question
True or False: According to the data presented, both men and women have seen an increase in the returns to a college degree between 1972 and 2012.
answer
True.
question
The largest increase in the returns to a college degree relative to a high school degree occurred for men during the 1980s .
answer
question
Empiricism is a principle in economics that _________
answer
uses data to test economic models.
question
Which of the following pairs of variables are likely to be positively correlated?
answer
Income and consumption
question
Which of the following statements is true?
answer
A bar chart indicates the frequency of a variable by using rectangles of different heights or lengths.
question
As the number of advertisements of a firm increases from 100 to 500, its sales increases from $1,000 to $10,000. If this information is plotted on a line chart, the slope of the line equals:
answer
$22.5.
question
On a line chart, the income of a consumer is measured along the horizontal axis, and his consumption is measured along the vertical axis. The slope of the line is equal to:
answer
change in consumption divided by change in income.
question
Which of the following is most likely to be an example of causation?
answer
A firm producing CFLs installs new machinery. The per-day production of CFLs increases.
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A model refers to:
answer
a simplified description, or representation, of reality.
question
Suppose you have been hired as a management consultant by a major oil company to help it optimally price gasoline at its service stations. Your client has requested that your consulting team expatiate on the factors that impact gasoline prices. One of the members of your team, Debbie, states that she has noticed that gasoline prices seem to rise in years when a National League baseball team wins the World Series. You should not include this observation in your report because it is correlation, not causation. In this case, correlation does not equal causation most likely due to omitted variables.
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question
How would you represent the following graphically? Income inequality in the United States has increased over the past 10 years. This could best be represented with a
answer
time series graph
question
All the workers in the manufacturing sector in a particular country fit into one (and only one) of the following three categories: 31.5 percent are high school dropouts, 63.5 percent have a regular high school diploma, and the rest have a vocational training certificate. This could best be represented with a
answer
pie chart
question
The median income of a household in Alabama was $43,464 in 2012 and the median income of a household in Connecticut was $64,247 in 2012. This could best be represented with a
answer
bar graph
question
A variable that is potentially affected by an experimental treatment is referred to as a(n):
answer
dependent variable.
question
Which of the following statements is true?
answer
Testing with data enables economists to distinguish between good models and bad models.
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A correlation between two variables implies that:
answer
there is a mutual relationship between both the variables.
question
Scenario: A model is based on an assumption that an additional year of education increases a student's future wage by 20% . Refer to the scenario above. Which of the following statements is true of the model?
answer
The prediction of this model can be applied to unlimited years of additional education.
question
Which of the following is the best example of causation (versus correlation)?
answer
Oil prices go up and gasoline prices go up.
question
Which of the following statements is true of the scientific method?
answer
The scientific method may not reveal a "true" model of the world.
question
Maimonides, a twelfth-century scholar, said ''Twenty-five children may be put in the charge of one teacher. If the number in the class exceeds twenty-five but is not more than forty, he should have an assistant to help with the instruction. If there are more than forty, two teachers must be appointed." Israel follows Maimonides' rule in determining the number of teachers for each class. How could you use Maimonides' rule to study the effect of class size on student achievement? Maimonides' rule generates a natural experiment to study the effect of class size. One might perform the experiment as follows: 1. Collect a large, random data set of students' grades with and without the specified number of teachers based on class size. 2. Analyze the data to see if it supports the rules issued by Maimonides. 3. Make a determination if relationships in the data are correlation or causation by understanding if a logical, cause-and-effect relationship exists.
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question
Suppose that your favorite aunt has just given you a $100 gift certificate for your birthday that can be used at a local bookstore. Suppose further that you have decided to divide the money between books and coffee in some way and that the price of a book is $20 and the price of a cup of coffee is $2. Given these facts, take a sheet of paper and graphically represent your budget constraint and label that constraint with the letter A. Then choose a point on constraint A that reflects in your estimation the best way to spend your gift certificate and label that point with the letter B. Now, based on your graph (do not turn in the graph), which statement below most accurately describes your graph:
answer
Constraint A is the result of answering a positive question; Point B is the result of answering a normative question.
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The question "What has been the effect of deflation (that is, a general fall in prices) on the income of the average Japanese worker?" is an example of:
answer
A positive macroeconomic question.
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The question, "Do most Americans believe that government is too big? " is an example of a:
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Factual question.
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The question, "Do most Americans believe that government is too big? " is an example of a:
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Factual question.
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The question "Slower economic growth increase income inequality?" is an example of:
answer
A positive macroeconomic question.
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Which of the following is an accurate description of the question, "Do free trade agreements lead to faster economic growth?":
answer
A macroeconomic reasoned judgment question.
question
Which of the following is not a macroeconomics question?
answer
How much will the California drought drive up the price of fresh vegetables?
question
The question, "Is the price of a share of IBM stock higher today than the price of a share of Xerox stock?" is an example of a:
answer
Factual question.
question
Which of the following is a macroeconomic question?
answer
How much would the unemployment rate fall if the economy grows by 4% this year?
question
The question, "Does the minimum wage result in higher unemployment?" is an example of a:
answer
A reasoned judgment question.
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Which of the following is an accurate description of the question, "How much of a premium would consumers be willing to pay for a solar powered car?":
answer
A microeconomic reasoned judgment question.
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The question "Is greater income inequality a moral issue?" is an example of:
answer
A normative macroeconomic question.
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The question, "Do you like the handling of a Toyota more than a Subaru?" is an example of a:
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A taste question.
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Which of the following statements is not an example of a positive question?
answer
Does China have the right policy when it comes to foreign trade?
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The Bureau of Economic Analysis calculates a number of different measures of inflation - the GDP Deflator, the Consumer Price Index, the Wholesale Price Index, etc. Given that, which of the following is an accurate description of the question, "What is the best measure of the average annual level of inflation over the past 10 years?":
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A macroeconomic reasoned judgment question.
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The question, "Do businesses primarily fail because of mismanagement?" is an example of a:
answer
A reasoned judgment question.
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Which of the following is an accurate description of the question, "Did the Federal Reserve accurately predict the financial crisis of 2008?"
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A macroeconomic reasoned judgment question.
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The Bureau of Economic Analysis calculates a number of different measures of inflation -the GDP Deflator, the Consumer Price Index, the Wholesale Price Index, etc.. Given that, which of the following is an accurate description of the question, "According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, what has been the average annual level of inflation (as measured by the GDP Deflator) over the past 10 years?":
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A macroeconomic factual question.
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The question "Who has been hurt the worst by the deflation that Japan has experienced in recent years?" is an example of:
answer
A normative macroeconomic question.
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Which of the following is not a macroeconomics question?
answer
Would legalization of marijuana nationwide result in a fall in the demand for cigarettes?
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Which of the following questions is not an example of a normative question?
answer
What do I have to do if I want to increase the return to my investments?
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What is the relationship between the question, "Does innovation lead to economic growth?" and the question "Should government encourage innovation"?
answer
The first question is a positive one; the second question is a normative one.
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In deciding whether to place economic sanctions on another country because of international political conflicts, what are the macroeconomic issues?
answer
There are macroeconomic issues for both countries such as the effect on the overall level of economic activity and unemployment.
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Which of the following is a macroeconomic question?
answer
Would an increase in the minimum wage increase inflation?
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Suppose that you have just acquired a chemical manufacturing company and are trying to figure out what to produce. You talk to the plant manager and discover that the company can produce formaldehyde and sulfuric acid. You also find out that the maximum amount of formaldehyde that the company can produce in a month is 1 million liters if that is all it produces, while the maximum amount of sulfuric acid it can produce in a month (again assuming that is all it produces) is 5 million liters. Given these facts, take a sheet of paper and graphically represent the company's production possibility frontier and label that frontier with the letter A. Now suppose that you invent a new process for manufacturing sulfuric acid that is more efficient so that you can produce more sulfuric acid than before but with the same amount of inputs. Given that innovation, graphically represent the company's new production possibilities frontier on the same graph you just drew and label that new frontier with the letter B. Finally, based on your graph (do not turn in the graph), which statement below most accurately describes your sketch of the frontiers A and B (both their locations and their shapes):
answer
Your sketch is based on both factual thinking and reasoned judgment thinking.
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You have been invited to play a 4-hour round of golf that has a value to you of $50. The total price to play the round of golf is $25. The net benefit of the round of golf is $ 25. (Enter your response as an integer.) Now assume that you have a job that pays you $1212 per hour. Would you be optimizing to accept the invitation to play golf? To optimize, you should not play golf.
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question
Suppose your total benefit from eating slices of pizza (value in dollars) is 1010xminus−x squaredx2, where x is the number of slices of pizza. Pizza is sold by the slice and costs $22 per slice, and so the total cost of pizza is 22x. Using optimization in levels, what is the optimal amount of pizza for you to eat? Your net benefit is maximized at 44 slices of pizza. (Enter your response as an integer.)
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question
What are the different ways in which apartments are allocated in cities?
answer
By public housing authorities.
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Those who are willing to pay the most to get an apartment are most likely to get an apartment when they are allocated by ____________.
answer
the market.
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You and your friend, Jim, have just moved out of your dorm and into a new apartment. Both of you decide that you need to get a couch. Jim thinks you should get a new one from a furniture store nearby. You feel that, given your budget, it is best to buy a used one. Your other options are to buy one online or get a couch custom-made at the same furniture store. How would you arrive at an optimal solution here? Assume that your opportunity cost of time is $5 per hour. You and Jim would need to consider ___________.
answer
the direct costs and the indirect opportunity cost of your time required to shop.
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Now suppose that you have a summer job that pays you $15 per hour. How would your analysis change? With a $15-per-hour summer job, the opportunity cost of your time would increase.
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question
A company mines 300,000 tons of coal per year in a rural county. The coal is worth $65 per ton. The average price for a 2,000-square-foot house with three bedrooms more than 20 km away from the mining site in this county is $240,000. The average price for a similar, 2,000-square-foot house with three bedrooms within 4 km of the mine is 8 percent lower. Using comparative statics, what is the effect of mining on home prices in this county? Mining changes the price of a 2,000-square-foot home (with three bedrooms) by $-19200. (Round your response to two decimal places and use a negative sign if necessary.)
answer
question
You are a professor of economics at a university. You've been offered the position of serving as department head, which comes with an annual salary that is $9,500 higher than your current salary. However, the position will require you to work 200 additional hours per year. Suppose the next best use of your time is spending it with your family, which has value of $50 per hour. What is the difference in the net benefit from becoming the department head? The change in net benefit is $ negative 500−500. (Enter your response as an integer.) To optimize, you should not become a department head.
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question
Since optimization is used to analyze people's choices and help them improve the outcomes of their choices, its
answer
both normative and positive.
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You are considering renting a city apartment with 1,000 square feet for $1,800 per month. The monthly rent on a larger, 1,500-square-foot city apartment is $2,500. The marginal cost of renting an apartment with 500 additional square feet is $1.4 per square foot per month. (Round your response to two decimal places.)
answer
question
When making decisions, economic analysis suggests that renters should optimize by:
answer
doing a cost-benefit analysis, including the opportunity cost of their time.
question
Scarcity is key to this analysis as it results in a situation where:
answer
society must have some mechanism to allocate scarce apartments to some renters and not others.
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Optimization is the process that describes __________.
answer
the choices that households make.
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Optimization in levels examines ___________, while optimization in differences analyzes ____________.
answer
total net benefits of alternatives; the change in net benefits.
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What is meant by comparative statics? Explain with an example.
answer
A change in an outcome, such as work, that results from a change in a factor, such as the wage.
question
Suppose you had information on the sales of similar homes just east and just west of the boundary between two school districts. Also suppose schools on one side of the school boundary are better than the schools on the other side in terms of test scores. You could estimate the average value that parents place on a one-point increase in test scores by ___________.
answer
dividing the difference in the prices of similar homes between districts by the difference in test scores between districts.
question
Economists mostly use optimization in differences, as opposed to optimization in levels, because ____________.
answer
comparing different features of alternatives is intuitive.
question
What is the difference between marginal values and average values?
answer
Marginal values show the additional benefit or cost from consuming an additional unit of a good, while average values are the benefit or cost per unit of a good.
question
Refer to the optimization analysis used to make a decision about the choice of an apartment. Suppose the government in a certain country wants to reduce urban sprawl. (Urban sprawl refers to the development of residential and commercial areas in the suburbs around the periphery of a city. One of the main problems with urban sprawl is that it leads to increased traffic congestion and air pollution as commuters travel to the city every day.) What measures could it take to ensure that people choose to live closer to the central business district?
answer
Tax traffic moving in and out of the city.
question
Refer to the optimization analysis used to make a decision about the choice of an apartment. Suppose the government in a certain country wants to reduce urban sprawl. (Urban sprawl refers to the development of residential and commercial areas in the suburbs around the periphery of a city. One of the main problems with urban sprawl is that it leads to increased traffic congestion and air pollution as commuters travel to the city every day.) What measures could it take to ensure that people choose to live closer to the central business district?
answer
Increase property taxes on house in the suburbs
question
Determine if the following statements better describe optimization in levels or optimization in differences. John is attempting to decide on a movie. He determines that the new Batman movie provides him with $5 more of a net benefit than the new Spiderman movie.
answer
Optimization in differences, since he is calculating the change in net benefits between alternatives.
question
Marcia finds that the net benefit of flying from Chicago to Honolulu on a non-stop United Airlines flight is $400, and the net benefit for the same trip flying on a one-stop American Airlines flight is $200.
answer
Optimization in levels, since she is comparing the net benefits between alternatives.
question
Nikki decided to take the first available parking space as she entered the student lot. She felt that the first available space had a $5 premium compared with all other possible spaces since she did not want to risk being late for her exam.
answer
Optimization in differences, since she is calculating the change in net benefits between alternatives.
question
Reagan determined that the net benefit of taking the combination of two lecture courses and an online lecture course was $100. The same three courses online gave her a net benefit of $80, and all three in a lecture-based format gave her a net benefit of $90.
answer
Optimization in levels, since she is comparing the net benefits between alternatives.
question
The concept of opportunity cost would explain whether someone chooses to drive, take a cab, take a bus, or walk to school or work because someone with ___________.
answer
a high wage is more likely to drive or take a cab to work because his time is worth more.
question
Consider the total cost of traveling from point A to point B. The cost of traveling by car would include the cost of gasoline and the opportunity cost of time; the cost of hopping on a bus would include the bus ticket and the opportunity cost of time. Assume that the bus ticket costs less than the gasoline. Does this imply that using a bus to get to the destination involves lower total costs than getting there by car? What if the bus doesn't take the fastest route from point A to point B?
answer
The marginal cost of using a bus may be higher if it takes more time than by car.
question
Assume that the average price for a 2,000-square-foot house in the city is $300,000 and the average rent for a 2,000-square-foot apartment in the city is $1,300 per month. Also assume that the average price for a 2,000-square-foot house in the suburbs is $220,000, the average price for a 2,000-square-foot house in the county is $330,000, and the average price for a 3,000-square-foot house in the suburbs is $470,000. Using comparative statics and the information above, what is the best estimate of the effect of living in the city (relative to living in the suburbs) on home prices? Living in the city changes home prices by $ 80,000. (Round your response to two decimal places.)
answer
question
Some people choose to live close to the city center; others choose to live away from the city center and take a longer commute to work every day. Does this mean that those who stay away from the city center are being irrational?
answer
No, because their opportunity cost of commuting must be lower.
question
Assume that your country's income tax structure has the following tax rates: if your income is $30,000 or less you pay no income tax; if your income is above $30,000, you pay 40 percent of the amount above $30,000. And so, for example, someone who earns $60,000 would pay 40% times ×($60,000minus−$30,000)equals=$12,000. Your marginal tax rate is defined as the taxes you pay if you earn one more dollar. Your average tax rate is defined as the total taxes you pay divided by your income. And so, to continue with this example, someone who earns $60,000 would have a marginal tax rate of 40 percent and an average tax rate of $12,000/$60,000=20%. You have three alternatives. You could not work at all, you could work half time, or you could work full time. If you do not work at all, you will earn $0; if you work half time you will earn $30,000; and if you work full time, you will earn $60,000. Any time you do not work, you can spend surfing. You love to surf: surfing half time is worth $27,000 to you. As you are making your decision about how much to work, should you pay attention to your average tax rate or to your marginal tax rate?
answer
Marginal tax rate to identify marginal changes.
question
Suppose apartments are in four locations: Location A, Location B, Location C, and Location D. Location A is in the city, where your job is. Location B is 10 minutes farther from your job than Location A. Location C is 10 minutes farther from your job than Location B, and Location D is 10 minutes farther than Location C. In turn, similar apartments in Location B rent for $175 less per month than apartments in Location A, apartments in Location C rent for $175 less than in Location B, and apartments in Location D rent for $175 less than in Location C. Suppose the value of your time is $24 per hour and you work 21 days per month, with each day requiring a round-trip commute from your apartment to work. For simplicity, assume rent and the opportunity cost of your time commuting to work are the only factors influencing the location in which to rent an apartment. You should rent an apartment in Location D . Suppose you currently rent an apartment in Location C. By moving to optimize, you change your net benefit by $7. (Enter your response as an integer.)
answer
question
Does the principle of optimization imply that people always make the best choices?
answer
Yes, it is a good approximation for the decisions people make.
question
There is a proverb "anything worth doing is worth doing well." Do you think an economist would agree with this proverb?
answer
No, because the marginal cost of extra effort may be greater than the marginal benefit.
question
Suppose you are accepted at all of the three business schools to which you applied. Consider all the factors that could matter when it comes to choosing a business school. How would you go about making an optimal decision about which school to attend?
answer
By comparing the net benefits from attending the three schools.
question
Suppose you have to give up a job that pays you $40,000 a year to attend business school. How would this affect your calculation of whether to attend business school?
answer
It will increase the indirect cost of your time, making you less likely to attend business school.
question
Suppose you have just landed a job near the center of a city and you now need to decide where to live. If you live close to the city center, your round-trip commute will be 15 minutes. If you live in the distant suburbs, your round-trip commute will be 60 minutes. There are lots of workers like you who work downtown. Since there are only a limited number of apartments near the city center, these apartments will be allocated based on both the costs and benefits that you face. This process is known as optimization.
answer
question
Which is not one of the Five Steps to Effective Communication"?
answer
Assume your audience disagrees with you.
question
Libertarianism:
answer
both of the above.
question
Which of the following is not a standard for judging whether a positive frame of reference is a good one?
answer
Brevity
question
Which of the following is a reason economists use mathematics:
answer
all of the above.
question
his question is based on the article: Free Exchange (2012, December 1). The complex effects of low interest rates on consumption and investment. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21567421-complex-effects-low-interest-rates-consumption-and-investment-savers In the second paragraph, the article says that Raghuram Rajan "describes the Fed's policy as 'expropriating responsible savers in favour of irresponsible banks', and thinks it should raise rates modestly." Given the content of the first two paragraphs, which of the following statements is the most reasonable characterization of Rajan's macroeconomic frame of reference?
answer
Rajan's frame of reference is a normative one based on some notion of fairness.
question
The "right to the status quo" is an example of:
answer
a fairness norm
question
This question is based on the article: Free Exchange (2012, December 1). The complex effects of low interest rates on consumption and investment. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21567421-complex-effects-low-interest-rates-consumption-and-investment-savers In the third paragraph, the article describes the effects of monetary policy according to standard, textbook treatments, and notes that critics such as Einhorn and Rajan argue that this analysis no longer applies. Which of the following most accurately characterizes the nature of this material?
answer
This paragraph employs a positive frame of reference perspective.
question
From a critical-thinking perspective, what is the value of a general (aka a liberal) education?
answer
It provides a variety of perspectives that can be used in the future.
question
The standards by which one can judge whether a normative frame of reference is a good one:
answer
are the same as the standards for judging how good a positive frame of reference is.
question
Which of the following is not an example of a normative frame or reference?
answer
Macroeconomics
question
Which of the following is not an example of a positive frame or reference?
answer
Efficiency
question
This question is based on the article: Free Exchange (2012, December 1). The complex effects of low interest rates on consumption and investment. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21567421-complex-effects-low-interest-rates-consumption-and-investment-savers Overall, which statement best characterizes the frame of reference used by this article?
answer
This article contains a complex argument in which positive frames of reference are used to establish what happens when interest rates are low and normative frames of reference are used to evaluate the desirability of the outcomes that were established using positive frames of reference.
question
Utilitarianism:
answer
both of the above.
question
What is the distinction between cross-sectional data and time-series data?
answer
Cross-sectional data provides information about economic behavior at an instant in time, while time-series data provides information about how an economic variable behaves over time.
question
Which of the following is true about the use of mathematics in economics?
answer
has limitations in economics.
question
This question is based on the article: Free Exchange (2012, December 1). The complex effects of low interest rates on consumption and investment. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21567421-complex-effects-low-interest-rates-consumption-and-investment-savers The statement , "There may be reasons to believe that monetary policy is less effective than it used to be, but it is still doing more good than harm." (last paragraph) is:
answer
(a) and (b) are both true.
question
This question is based on the article: Free Exchange (2012, December 1). The complex effects of low interest rates on consumption and investment. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21567421-complex-effects-low-interest-rates-consumption-and-investment-savers In the second paragraph, that article says that David Einhorm "likens zero rates to an overdose of jam doughnuts: too much of a good thing." Given the content of the first two paragraphs, which of the following statements is the most reasonable characterization of Einhorn's macroeconomic frame of reference?
answer
Einhorn's frame of reference is a normative one based on some notion of efficiency or fairness.
question
This question is based on the article: Free Exchange (2012, December 1). The complex effects of low interest rates on consumption and investment. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21567421-complex-effects-low-interest-rates-consumption-and-investment-savers The statement , "[T]his has not been enough to suggest the shift of income from creditors to debtors is bad for growth." (paragraph 8) is:
answer
a positive one because it focuses on how growth changes without regard to whether that change is good or bad.
question
This question is based on the article: Free Exchange (2012, December 1). The complex effects of low interest rates on consumption and investment. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21567421-complex-effects-low-interest-rates-consumption-and-investment-savers The discussion of the redistributive effects of lower interest rates (paragraphs 4-7) involves in part an analysis of how people in different circumstances modify their behavior in the face of lower interest rates. It also involves making judgments about whether people are better off or worse off as a result of those changes in behavior. If we focus only on the analysis of how people change behavior as a result of lower interest rates, we are focused on:
answer
a positive issue because it deals with what is, was, or will be without regard to whether that behavior is good or bad, desirable or undesirable.
question
This question is based on the article: Free Exchange (2012, December 1). The complex effects of low interest rates on consumption and investment. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21567421-complex-effects-low-interest-rates-consumption-and-investment-savers The discussion of the redistributive effects of lower interest rates (paragraphs 4-7) involves in part an analysis of how people in different circumstances modify their behavior in the face of lower interest rates. It also involves making judgments about whether people are better off or worse off as a result of those changes in behavior. If we focus only on making judgments about whether people are better off or worse off as aresult of those changes in behavior, we are focused on:
answer
a normative issue because it deals with making judgments based on some set of values.
question
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a market?
answer
Markets are physical locations where trading occurs
question
Which of the following would not be considered a market by an economist?
answer
All of the above are examples of a market.
question
The Law of Demand states that as the price of a good increases, ceteris paribus, the quantity demanded decreases. This can be shown graphically with a downward-sloping demand curve or numerically in a table using a demand schedule . The relationship that exists between these two variables can be described as negatively related .
answer
question
Which of the following is not one of the five major factors that shifts the demand curve when it changes?
answer
The price of the good itself
question
When one of the five major factors changes, causing an increase in demand, the demand curve shifts
answer
rightward
question
The Law of Supply states that as the price of a good increases, ceteris paribus, the quantity supplied of that good increases. This can be shown graphically with an upward-sloping supply curve or numerically in a table using a supply schedule. The relationship that exists between these two variables can be described as positively related .
answer
question
Economists refer to the process of summing the individual supply curves to find the market supply curve as aggregation. Aggregation consists of fixing the price of the good and adding up the quantity supplied by each firm.
answer
question
Suppose the price of tea increases and the demand for sugar decreases. You determine that these goods must be complements
answer
question
Suppose a new off-campus university apartment complex could rent its rooms on the open market for $900 a month. If, instead, the university chooses to cap the price of rooms to $500 a month for students, the result would be that ____________.
answer
quantity demanded would exceed the quantity supplied, resulting in a shortage.
question
Suppose the university is trying to determine the most efficient way to allocate the rooms such that those who value the rooms the most get them. Which of the following would you suggest as the most efficient?
answer
Auctioning the rooms to the highest bidders.
question
What is meant by holding all else equal and how is this concept used when discussing movements along the demand curve?
answer
All variables that can affect the demand for the good are held constant.
question
We make the assumption of holding all else equal when considering demand curves since we want to focus on the changes in the quantity demanded that result from changes in only the price of a good.
answer
question
Market demand is derived by __________.
answer
fixing the price and adding up the quantities that each buyer demands.
question
Does the shape of the market demand curve differ from the shape of an individual demand curve?
answer
No, they both tend to be downward-sloping curves.
question
What does it mean to say that we are running out of "cheap oil"?
answer
That oil reserves are becoming more expensive to find and extract over time.
question
What does this imply for the price of oil in the future?
answer
The supply of oil will decrease, which will lead to higher prices in the future.
question
The lowest price that a seller is willing to receive to sell an extra unit of a good is called willingness to accept , while the highest price that a buyer is willing to pay for an extra unit of a good is called willingness to pay. For a trade to take place, a buyer's willingness to pay must be ____________.
answer
A and B only.
question
How would an increase in demand affect the equilibrium price in a market?
answer
The equilibrium price increases.
question
How would the equilibrium price in a market be affected if there were a smalls increase in demand and a large increase in supply?
answer
The equilibrium price decreases.
question
How would the equilibrium price in a market be affected if there were a small decrease in demand and a large decrease in supply?
answer
The equilibrium price increase.
question
How would a decrease in supply affect the equilibrium price in a market?
answer
The equilibrium price increases.
question
How would the equilibrium price in a market be affected if there were a small increase in supply and a large increase in demand?
answer
The equilibrium price increases.
question
How would the equilibrium price in a market be affected if there were a small decrease in supply and a large decrease in demand?
answer
The equilibrium price decreases.
question
According to the video "Gas Prices Continue Rise, Approach $4 A Gallon", over a two week period the price of gas rose from $3.50 per gallon to $3.79 per gallon. This was a price increase of 8.29%. (round your response to two decimal places) At the same time, data from MasterCard's spending pole showed that fuel consumption was down by 3.6%. If we hold everything else constant, the quantity demanded decreased, which is indicated by movement alongthe demand curve. Source:http://youtu.be/8jcDvGDAqz0 The video is no longer available; however, it is not required to answer the questions above.
answer
question
Consider whether the Law of Demand holds in the following situations. The price of insulin injection kits, used by diabetic patient, increased from $45 to $52, but consumption has still remained the same. In this situation, the Law of Demand _________
answer
does not hold, since the product sold is required for survival, so increasing the price did not affect consumption.
question
The demand curve for insulin injection kits is __________.
answer
near vertical, since even if the price rises diabetics will be willing to buy the same quantity.
question
A drought in the grape regions of the country increases the cost of producing jelly. At the same time, we see the price of peanut butter falls. Suppose that after both of these events the consumption of jelly is left unchanged. In this situation, the Law of Demand __________.
answer
holds, since the demand curves for both jelly and peanut butter are downward-sloping; it is their shifts that are determining the impact on the quantity consumed.
question
Lobsters are plentiful and easy to catch in August but scarce and difficult to catch in November. In addition, vacationers shift the demand for lobsters further to the right in August than in any other month. Given this information, we know that _________ is/are higher in August than in other months.
answer
both supply and demand.
question
When comparing the equilibriums in the lobster market for August and November, the equilibrium quantity is ______ in November than in August, while the equilibrium price is ______.
answer
lower; higher, lower, or unchanged.
question
As part of U.S. sugar policy, the government offers to buy raw sugar from domestic sugarcane mills at a price of 18.75 cents per pound. This government offer is made for as much raw sugar as the sugarcane mills produce. Any raw sugar purchased by the government is not sold in the domestic market, as this might cause raw sugar prices to fall. 1.) Using the line drawing tool, depict the government's demand curve for sugar. Label your curve 'D'. (Be sure to have your demand curve touch the y-axis.) Carefully follow the instructions above and only draw the required object. Suppose conditions arise in the sugar market that would lead to a competitive equilibrium price that is below 18.75 cents per pound. In this situation, sugar mills will __________.
answer
not sell to private buyers at this lower price and will sell to the government instead, which will drive up the domestic price until it reaches 18.75 cents per pound.
question
Which of the following is likely to lead to a right shift in the supply curve of cotton?
answer
An increase in labor productivity due to training programs
question
Which of the following is likely to lead to an increase in the quantity supplied of steel?
answer
A rise in the market price of steel
question
Land in Sonoma, California, can be used to either grow grapes for pinot noir wine or to grow Gravenstein apples. Given this information, what is the relationship between pinot noir wine and Gravenstein apples?
answer
They share a common input.
question
If the demand for pinot noir suddenly shifts sharply to the right, we would expect to see an increase in the demand for land in Sonoma, which would increase the equilibrium price of land.
answer
question
Since both pinot noir wine and Gravenstein apples use the same land in Sonoma, California, a sharp increase in demand for pinot noir wine will result in a higher price for Gravenstein apples and a lower equilibrium quantity.
answer
question
The Law of Supply states that, in most cases, the quantity supplied of a good ___________ when the price of the good rises. This means we would expect a typical supply curve to be___________.
answer
rises; upward-sloping.
question
Which of the following factors is expected to cause the demand curve for coffee to shift to the right?
answer
A higher tax on the sale of tea, a substitute for coffee
question
Suppose people who are thinking about buying a home (demanders in the housing market) and current home owners who are thinking about selling their homes (suppliers in the housing market) suddenly believe that home prices are likely to be significantly higher next year than this year. Consider the market for housing this year, as illustrated in the figure on the right. The change in the expected price of housing will ___________.
answer
shift the demand curve to the right, as buyers expedite their home purchases.
question
Other things remaining same, a right shift in the demand curve will lead to:
answer
an increase in the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity.
question
A fall in the price of flour, used in making cakes, is likely to:
answer
increase the supply of cakes.
question
If Honda decided to increase the price of its Honda CRV SUV, then the demand for the Toyota Rav4 SUV would __________.
answer
Increase (shift right).
question
If widespread unemployment leads to a drop in incomes, then the demand for the Toyota Rav4 SUV would __________.
answer
decrease (shift left).
question
Are all markets perfectly competitive?
answer
No, there are other market types where firms have considerable power to control the price.
question
This policy of imposing a minimum price for alcohol as a way to reduce binge drinking is likely to be successful , since the increase in price will cause the quantity demanded of alcohol to decrease
answer
question
In a perfectly competitive market, sellers _________ and buyers _________.
answer
cannot charge more than the market price; cannot pay less than the market price.
question
In a perfectly competitive market, if one seller chooses to charge a price for its good that is slightly higher than the market price, then it will _________.
answer
lose all or almost all of its customers.
question
Coca-Cola's decision to have vending machines raise prices in hot weather _________ make sense, since as a result of the change in demand for soft drinks, the equilibrium quantity demanded _________ and the equilibrium price companies can charge _________.
answer
does; increases; increases.
question
Which of the following statements correctly describes perfectly competitive market equilibrium?
answer
Deviations from equilibrium are temporary and equilibrium is automatically restored.
question
In the context of the firm's supply curve, as the firm produces more of a good, the cost of producing each additional unit increases . This implies that the marginal cost of producing a good increases as it makes more of that good. The firm's supply curve represents ___________.
answer
the minimum price the seller is willing to accept to sell an extra unit of a good.
question
Assume that a worker in a technology firm can produce 3 circuit boards in an hour. Due to subsequent innovation, he is now able to produce 6 circuit boards per hour. Other things remaining constant, the firm's supply curve is likely to:
answer
shift to the right.
question
The concept of diminishing marginal benefits means that __________.
answer
each additional unit consumed is worth less to you than the previous one.
question
The concept of diminishing marginal benefits holds true for goods that you like a lot. Suppose you have a flashlight that takes three batteries to power it. If you buy the batteries one at a time, for which purchase will diminishing benefits set in?
answer
When you buy the fourth battery.
question
Which of the following is not one of the four major factors that shifts the supply curve when it changes?
answer
The income of consumers.
question
When one of the four major factors changes, causing an increase in supply, the supply curve shifts rightward .
answer
question
17 Hurt as Computer Sale Turns Into Stampede 'Pandemonium' As 5,000 Show Up At Richmond Event Presented with a rare chance to get a used laptop computer for $50, a crowd of more than 5,000 showed up hours early yesterday at the Richmond International Raceway andlong dash—when the gates finally were flung open at 7 a.m.long dash—turned into an unruly stampede, as people pushed, shoved and beat each other to get to the Apple iBooks. Elderly men and women were trampled and a girl's stroller was crushed. Four years ago, Henrico County purchased 18,000 of the computers for about $1,100 each for its public school students and teachers. The county decided to sponsor yesterday's event to sell 1,000 surplus iBooks to residents. By Stephanie McCrummen and Aymar Jean (Staff writer Michael D. Shear and the Associated Press contributed to this report.) Washington Post Wednesday, August 17, 2005; Page B01.
answer
question
Read the story to the right, and then answer the following questions: Based on what happened at the Richmond event, it is apparent that at a price of $50, the quantity _________ of laptops exceeded the quantity _________. This resulted in an excess _________ for laptops.
answer
demanded; supplied; demand
question
Which of the following ways of distributing the laptops would be more efficient? (Check all that apply.)
answer
A.Using flexible prices, so those who value the laptop more would pay more for it. Your answer is correct. B.Auctioning off the laptops to the highest bidders. Your answer is correct. C.Using a random lottery to decide who gets the laptops.
question
The Thai government bought rice from its farmers at a price that was 40 percent higher than the prevailing market price in the country. How is this likely to affect other buyers in the domestic market for rice?
answer
It will drive the price above the market price, resulting in a higher price for domestic consumers and therefore a smaller quantity demanded.
question
Using the graph to the right, the government's plan to buy rice from farmers at $7 will result in domestic consumers purchasing ________ million tons and the government purchasing _________.
answer
3; an excess supply of 4 million tons.
question
Assume this scheme allows the government to build up large supplies of rice. Considering that Thailand is one of the world's largest rice exporters, if the government decides to sell the rice in the international market, the world supply curve would shift rightward , causing the world price to fall .
answer
question
Other things remaining same, a left shift in the demand curve will lead to:
answer
a decrease in the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity.
question
An example of plagiarism is:
answer
All of the above.
question
In developing a set of sources to investigate:
answer
always use yourself to develop a theory to give you a more solid foundation for researching the work of others.
question
In searching for possible answers to macroeconomic questions, the value of starting with yourself is that it helps:
answer
both of the above.
question
Where would you look for information about what professional economists think about the macroeconomic issue you are researching?
answer
EconLit
question
The Three Searching Strategy Rules are:
answer
know the question, figure out what's needed to answer the question, identify sources
question
The first step in searching for an answer to a macroeconomic question is to:
answer
all of the above.
question
Where would you look for information about recent macroeconomic events?
answer
The Economist
question
Critical reading:
answer
is a method for more fully understanding the work of others.
question
What is a good source for macroeconomic data and statistics?
answer
all of the above
question
Thinking critically about a macroeconomic issue requires:
answer
(b) and (c)
question
Brainstorming:
answer
is a method for figuring out what information needs to be gathered.
question
In searching for answers, if the macroeconomic question is vague:
answer
you can end up wasting a lot of time during the search process.
question
Which of the following is not one of the Five Steps to Reading Critically?
answer
Determine the credentials of the author
question
Why is it important to keep good records of your sources?
answer
All of the above
question
In economics, the standard reference style is based on:
answer
the American Psychological Association's (APA) standards
question
Where would you look for basic or general information so that you can get oriented about a macroeconomic issue?
answer
all of the above
question
What questions should you ask to determine if a source is reliable?
answer
all of the above
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Gender Studies
Self Made Man
Sex Reassignment Surgery
Social Construction Of Gender
Working Class Women
History midterm- vermeer’s hat – Flashcards 6 terms

Ray Collins
6 terms
Preview
History midterm- vermeer’s hat – Flashcards
question
Thinking and Eating at the Same time by sistah vegan
answer
In the U.S. how we treat food animals is reminiscent of how people of color were treated. Author chooses to live a life for the elimination of all forms of injustice.
question
Thinking and Eating at the Same time by sistah vegan
answer
In the U.S. how we treat food animals is reminiscent of how people of color were treated. Author chooses to live a life for the elimination of all forms of injustice.
question
Thinking and Eating at the Same time by sistah vegan
answer
In the U.S. how we treat food animals is reminiscent of how people of color were treated. Author chooses to live a life for the elimination of all forms of injustice.
question
Thinking and Eating at the Same time by sistah vegan
answer
In the U.S. how we treat food animals is reminiscent of how people of color were treated. Author chooses to live a life for the elimination of all forms of injustice.
question
Thinking and Eating at the Same time by sistah vegan
answer
In the U.S. how we treat food animals is reminiscent of how people of color were treated. Author chooses to live a life for the elimination of all forms of injustice.
question
Thinking and Eating at the Same time by sistah vegan
answer
In the U.S. how we treat food animals is reminiscent of how people of color were treated. Author chooses to live a life for the elimination of all forms of injustice.
Bring About Change
First Person Narration
Late 20th Century
Literature
Omniscient Point Of View
Test 1 Final 7 terms

Steven Ramirez
7 terms
Preview
Test 1 Final
question
The turning point of a tragedy is the _____________.
answer
climax
question
The final disaster in a tragedy that ends in the hero's destruction is portrayed by the ____________.
answer
catastrophe
question
The downfall and destruction of a hero in a tragedy is primarily the result of his ____________.
answer
tragic flaw
question
The event in a tragedy that initiates the rising action is ______________.
answer
exciting force
question
a simple definition of tragedy is that it is a ____________ play with an ___________ ending.
answer
serious/unhappy
question
The true validity and value of a critical essay is determined by detailed _____________.
answer
evidence
question
A character in a play provides the most truthful revelation about himself when the playwright has him speak in a ____________.
answer
soliloquey
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Educational Technology
Higher Level Thinking
Higher Order Thinking Skills
Social Networking Site
Praxis Core Test for Educators Overview 21 terms

Stephanie Landry
21 terms
Preview
Praxis Core Test for Educators Overview
question
Name one strategy for success on the Praxis Core Tests:
answer
Establish a strategy for success. Organize your study materials. Make a study plan. Review weak areas. Relax.
question
Name the location of the Praxis website:
answer
www.ets.org/praxis
question
Which two tests on the Praxis Core have an 85 minute time limit?
answer
Mathematics and Reading
question
How many essays have to be written on the Writing test?
answer
Two
question
True or False: All test questions on the Mathematics test are multiple choice:
answer
False....some questions are "Numeric Entry"
question
What is the numerical value of pi?
answer
3.14
question
What is the order of operations?
answer
PEMDAS (parentheses, exponents, multiply, divide, add, subtract)
question
How do you make a number negative on the special on-screen calculator on the Praxis Math test?
answer
Press the plus/minus key after entering the number
question
True or false: For the Core Reading test, expect to read several short passages, long passages, and even some brief statements followed by questions.
answer
True. Two, 200 word passages followed by 4-7 questions Long 200 word passages with 4-7 questions Short passages of 100 words with 2 or three questions Brief statements followed by a single question
question
Name the two types of essays required on the Core Writing test?
answer
1. Argumentative 2. Informative/Explanatory
question
How long do you have to write each essay?
answer
30 minutes
question
True or false. The non-essay portion of the Writing Core test is all multiple choice.
answer
False. Many of the items are selected response items where various sections of a sentence are underlined and you have to select the section that has an error (if any).
question
How often can you retake your Praxis Core test?
answer
Every 21 days
question
What is the cost of the Praxis Core per section?
answer
$85 each; 135 for all three or $125 for any 2
question
How long are my scores available on the website without additional fees?
answer
1 calendar year from the score reporting date
question
Which essay type is this? Praxis exams are required by around 40 states for entry into education programs or for licensure. Standardized tests such as this often discourage many prospective teacher candidates from entering the profession. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion. Support your specific reasons and examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
answer
Argumentative
question
The essay will receive a numerical score. What do these scores range from?
answer
1 to 6 1 is deficient 2 is flawed 3 is somewhat competent 4 is competent 5 is clearly competent 6 is highly competent
question
What are the passing scores on the Praxis Core?
answer
Reading 156 Writing 162 Mathematics 150
question
When do I need to have my Praxis Core tests taken by?
answer
The end of your freshman year
question
If you have nausea, cramps, difficulty concentrating, racing thoughts, and mental blank outs before or during a test, you might be suffering from_______ _______,
answer
Test anxiety
question
Name two tips to help with test anxiety:
answer
Preparation Avoiding perfectionism Avoiding negative thoughts and people Eating right/proper exercise/plenty rest Staying sociable Breathing exercises Staying positive and focused
Bring About Change
Get Things Done
Mgmt 391 Chp 1 33 terms

Ann Ricker
33 terms
Preview
Mgmt 391 Chp 1
question
Which of the following functions do managers undertake as part of planning functions? A) defining an organization's goals B) implementing strategies for achieving goals C) executing plans to integrate activities D) accomplishing goals of a project E) employing strategies to coordinate tasks
answer
A
question
17) Which of the following is true regarding technical skills? A) They can be learned only through formal education. B) They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge. C) They are not required at all kinds of jobs. D) They are monopolized by professionals. E) They comprise the ability to understand and motivate people.
answer
B
question
26) Which of the following best defines organizational behavior? A) It involves the study of groups of people coming together for collective bargaining. B) It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's output. C) It involves analyzing different people in an industry with independent profit-centered motives. D) It involves developing exclusively the knowledge of managers and senior-level employees. E) It is a field which is not influenced by factors in the external world.
answer
B
question
27) Which of the following determinants of behavior does organizational behavior study? A) profits B) job satisfaction C) perks D) individuals E) collective bargaining
answer
D
question
28) Which of the following does systematic study use to look at relationships to attribute causes and effects? A) intuitive data B) feelings C) scientific data D) instinct E) premonition
answer
C
question
29) Which of the following is true regarding systematic study? A) It attributes causes and effects based on intuition. B) It involves supporting decisions based on gut feelings. C) It analyzes relationships based on previous experiences. D) It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data. E) It involves taking action based on instinct.
answer
D
question
30) In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement intuitive opinions with information derived from ________. A) common sense B) direct observation C) systematic study D) speculation E) organizational theory
answer
C
question
31) Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, all constitute aspects of ________ study. A) organizational B) intuitive C) theoretical D) systematic E) case-based
answer
D
question
32) ________ refers to basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific proof. A) Emergency management B) Personal knowledge management C) Property management D) Evidence-based management E) Knowledge management
answer
D
question
33) ________ refers to a gut feeling not necessarily supported by research. A) Intuition B) Reasoning C) Rationality D) Logic E) Inference
answer
A
question
42) Which of the following is true regarding contingency variables? A) They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. B) They make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations about concepts in organizational behavior. C) They indicate that everyone is motivated by money and financial perks. D) They refer to scientific factors which are based on universal truths. E) They remain constant irrespective of any change in the environment.
answer
A
question
44) ________ variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. A) Global B) General C) Dependent D) Non-reactive E) Contingency
answer
E
question
63) A(n) ________ is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon. A) model B) input C) process D) outcome E) objective
answer
A
question
64) Which of the following is true regarding models? A) Models propose five types of variables. B) Models proceed from outcomes to processes. C) Models are used only in manufacturing organizations. D) Models proceed from processes to inputs. E) Models show that outcomes can influence inputs in the future.
answer
E
question
65) With reference to a basic OB model, ________ are determined in advance of the employment relationship and refer to variables such as personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processes. A) actions B) inputs C) outcome D) processes E) goals
answer
B
question
66) Which of the following is an example of an input at an individual level? A) motivation B) moods C) values D) perception E) emotions
answer
C
question
67) An example of an input at an organizational level is ________. A) motivation B) conflict C) power D) communication E) structure
answer
E
question
68) Which of the following is one of the three variables proposed by a basic OB model which refers to actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs? A) processes B) scrutinization C) planning D) association E) evaluation
answer
A
question
76) In the current competitive workplace, technical skills are the only skills that managers require to be successful.
answer
FALSE
question
77) An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people
answer
TRUE
question
78) The planning function involves defining an organization's goals and establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals.
answer
TRUE
question
79) A degree in architecture will provide a student with the human skills required for a job.
answer
FALSE
question
80) Organizational behavior applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively.
answer
TRUE
question
81) Evidence-based management complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence.
answer
TRUE
question
87) Human beings are simple in nature and, thus, simple, universal principles explain all kinds of organizational behavior.
answer
FALSE
question
Once employees have mastered a task, they perform better when they are told to \"do their best\" than when they are given specific, difficult performance goals.
answer
FALSE
question
On-the-average, (a) encouraging employees to participate in decision making is more effective for improving organizational performance than (b) setting performance goals for employees.
answer
FALSE
question
4. Poor performers are generally more realistic about their performance than good performers are.
answer
FALSE
question
7. There is very little difference among personality inventories in terms of how well they predict an applicant's likely job performance.
answer
FALSE
question
7. Although people use many different terms to describe personalities, there are really only four basic dimensions of personality, as captured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).
answer
FALSE
question
Companies that screen job applicants for values have higher performance than those that screen for intelligence.
answer
FALSE
question
10. Most employees prefer to be paid on the basis of individual performance rather than on team or organizational performance.
answer
TRUE
question
10. Surveys that directly ask employees how important pay is to them are likely to overestimate pay's true importance in actual decisions.
answer
FALSE
Adverse Drug Effects
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Food And Drug Administration
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmacology
Ch1. Intro to Drugs 51 terms

Charles Clay
51 terms
Preview
Ch1. Intro to Drugs
question
adverse effects:
answer
drug effects that are not the desired therapeutic effects; may be unpleasant or even dangerous
question
brand name:
answer
name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company that developed it; also called a trade name
question
chemical name:
answer
name that reflects the chemical structure of a drug
question
generic name:
answer
the original designation that a drug is given when the drug company that developed it applies for the approval process
question
genetic engineering:
answer
process of altering DNA, usually of bacteria, to produce a chemical to be used as a drug
question
over-the-counter (OTC) drugs:
answer
drugs that are available without a prescription for self-treatment of a variety of complaints; deemed to be safe when used as directed
question
pharmacology:
answer
the study of the biological effects of chemicals
question
pharmacotherapeutics:
answer
clinical pharmacology—the branch of pharmacology that deals with drugs; chemicals that are used in medicine for the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of disease in humans
question
phase I study:
answer
a pilot study of a potential drug done with a small number of selected, healthy human volunteers
question
phase II study:
answer
a clinical study of a proposed drug by selected physicians using actual patients who have the disorder the drug is designed to treat; patients must provide informed consent
question
phase III study:
answer
use of a proposed drug on a wide scale in the clinical setting with patients who have the disease the drug is thought to treat
question
phase IV study:
answer
continual evaluation of a drug
question
teratogenic:
answer
having adverse effects on the fetus
question
Pharmacokinetics
answer
How the body acts on the drug (what does the body do to the drug once its inside the body)
question
Pharmacodynamics
answer
How the drug affects the body
question
Efficacy
answer
the ability to produce a desired or intended result
question
Dynamic Equilibrium
answer
Absorption (stomach) Distribution (circulation) Biotransformation (metabolism) (liver) Excretion (kidneys)
question
Pharmacokinetics Absorption
answer
Process by which a drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the bloodstream (circulating fluids) and tissues
question
Oral meds-
answer
most frequently used, longest to start working, acid in stomach is involved, food stimulates more acid and prolongs gastric emptying.
question
Injected Meds-
answer
faster than oral, IM is absorbed into the muscles then into the bloodstream.
question
Pharmacokinetics Distribution
answer
Movement of drug to the body's tissues Influences on drug distribution Blood flow to tissues Lipid solubility and ionization Protein binding- drug binding to proteins in the plasma in the circulation prevents the drug from reaching its Blood-brain barrier- a structure that is protective made of tightly spaced capillary walls that supply's blood to the brain. Preventing toxins and poisons to effect the brain. Placenta and lactation- most drugs readily move across the placenta, try to not administer drugs to a pregnant woman unless the benefit outweighs the risk.
question
PharmacokineticsBiotransformation
answer
(metabolism) Change of a drug from its original form to a new form Occurs in many tissues Liver primary site where metabolism occurs.
question
Liver metabolism
answer
Inactivated by the liver and broken down into something that is inert
question
First pass effect
answer
(Orally) Goes first to the liver where it is being transformed by the liver and transformed into other things so it can be excreted. Doesn't't happen with Intra muscular Injections or IV. Oral drugs are increased in size when compared to IV or IM.
question
Hepatic enzymes
answer
The interaction of some drugs increase the reaction of liver enzymes. Speeding up the metabolism of the drug. Some drugs cant be given together because some speed up the metabolism of the liver enzymes or slow down the liver enzymes which can cause the drug to linger.
question
PharmacokineticsExcretion
answer
Excretion process of removing a drug or its metabolites from the body Occurs in several tissues Kidneys primary site Before distributing a drug we must know the pt's kidney functions/problems.
question
Critical Concentration and Onset of Action-
answer
amount of drug needed to cause a therapeutic effect.
question
Loading Dose-
answer
higher dose than used for normal treatment to initiate a quicker onset of action
question
Peak Effect-
answer
highest concentration of blood after which declines
question
Half-life-
answer
time it takes the drug to decrease to one half of the peak. (part of dosage)
question
Duration of Effect-
answer
the length of time that the drug is effective.
question
Factors Affecting Drug Action
answer
Weight- determines drug dosing Age (developmental factors) Gender Illness Genetic and Cultural factors Ethnopharmacology- the study of response to drugs based on ethnicity. Pharacogenetics-people that have genetic variations that indicate the pt might be more receptive to the drug Psychological patients expectations Environmental
question
Tolerance-
answer
higher dose needed to cause the same effect. Cross tolerance- b/c u have a tolerance to one drug u might be tolerant to another that is similar one as well.
question
Allergic Effect-
answer
hypersensitivity, body interprets drug as a foreign invaded and builds antibodies against it. Anaphylaxis-respiratory distress, life threatening.
question
Interactions
answer
Drug-drug- something happens between taking two drugs together. Getting unanticipated effects. Drug-food- could inhibit or enhance absorption Drug-laboratory test- some drugs interfere in laboratory tests
question
Toxic Effect
answer
Hepatotoxicity- liver damage Nephrotoxicity-kidney damage Cardiotoxicity-heart damage Cumulative effect- cant metabolize the drug before the next dose is given.
question
Idiosyncratic-
answer
occurs unexpectedly usually after the first time the person is given the drug.
question
Carcinogenicity-
answer
drugs that have adverse effects that can cause cancer
question
Teratogenicity-
answer
drugs that can cause abnormal fetal development.
question
Black Box Warning
answer
Potential to cause serious or life-threatening adverse effect Added after significant serious adverse effects have occurred Strongest warning
question
Nursing Responsibilities and Drug Therapy
answer
Knowledge Therapeutic effect Drug-drug interactions Indication Lifespan and cultural considerations Contraindication Nursing Considerations Adverse effect Relevant patient education Administer drugs Prevent medication errors Assess for therapeutic and adverse drug effects Act to make the drug regimen more tolerable/increase compliance Provide patient teaching about drug and regimen Nursing Process in drug therapy to ensure that the patient receives the best, safest, most efficient, scientific and evidence-based holistic care.
question
Challenges to Effective Drug Therapy
answer
Consumer Awareness OTCs Alternative Therapies and Herbals Financial Considerations
question
Weight-based Drug Calculation
answer
Pediatric Dosing Wide variations in size Adult Dosing Small margin of safety High potential for toxicity Safe Range Specified amount of drug for each unit of weight
question
Drug Evaluation
answer
Regulated by FDA Preclinical Trials Chemicals tested on laboratory animals Phase I Studies Chemicals tested on human volunteers Phase II Studies Drug tried on informed patients Phase III Studies Drug used in vast clinical market
question
Drug Regulation
answer
FDA - U.S. Food and Drug Administration Regulation of development of drugs Regulation of sale of drugs Drug approval for marketing and use Stages of Development
question
Sources for Drugs
answer
Natural Plants, animals, inorganic compounds Synthetic Manufactured Genetic engineering
question
Nursing Responsibilities and Pharmacotherapeutics
answer
Knowledge about drugs Administer drugs Prevent medication errors Assess for therapeutic and adverse drug effects Act to make the drug regimen more tolerable/increase compliance Provide patient teaching about drug and regimen
question
Pharmacotherapeutics (clinical pharmacology) -
answer
branch of pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease.
question
Key concerns:
answer
the drug's effects on the body the body's response to the drug
question
Importance for nursing:
answer
Apply to clinical setting Patients often have complex drug regimens and receive potentially toxic drugs Drug can have many effects and need to know which ones may occur when administering a drug Some drug effects are therapeutic, meaning helpful, others are undesirable or potentially dangerous
question
Pharmacology
answer
The science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology (Merriam Webster) The study of the biological effects of chemicals (Karch) Chemicals = drugs Drugs are chemicals introduced into the body to cause some sort of change
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Human Relations Skills
Linguistics
Management
Medical/Clerical Assisting
Policies And Procedures
Policy And Procedures
Chapter 25/26 Kinns Study Guide 59 terms

Joel Boykin
59 terms
Preview
Chapter 25/26 Kinns Study Guide
question
Advocate
answer
A person who defends or pleads the cause of another; one that supports or promotes the interest of another
question
Affiable
answer
Pleasant and at ease in talking to others; characterized by ease and friendliness
question
Agenda
answer
A list or outline of things to be considered or done
question
Ancillary
answer
Subordinate; auxiliary
question
Appraisal
answer
An expert judgement of the value or merit of; judgement as to quality
question
Blatant
answer
Completely obvious, conspicuous, or obtrusive, especially in a crass or offensive matter; brazen
question
Burnout
answer
Exhaustion of physical or emotional strength or motivation, usually as a result of prolonged stress or frustration
question
Chain of command
answer
A serious of executive positions in order of authority
question
Cohesive
answer
Sticking together tightly; exhibiting or producing cohesion
question
Disparaging
answer
Slighting; having a negative or degrading tone
question
Embezzelment
answer
Stealing from an employer; to appropriate goods, services, or funds for personal use without permission
question
Extrinsic
answer
External to a thing, its essential nature, or its original character
question
Impenetrable
answer
Incapable of being penetrated or pierced; not capable of being damaged or harmed
question
Incentives
answer
Things that incite or spur into action; rewards or reasons for performing a task
question
Liaison
answer
A close bond or connection; a person with a connection, contract, link, or conspiracy with another person or group
question
Mentors
answer
Trusted counselors or guides
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Meticulous
answer
Marked by extreme or excessive care in the consideration or treatment of details
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Micromanage
answer
To manage with great or excessive control or attention to details
question
Motivation
answer
The process of inciting a person to some action or behavior
question
Quackery
answer
Practicing or pretending to have the ability to cure or treat a patient without qualifications to do so
question
Reprimands
answer
Criticisms for fault; severe or formal reproofs
question
Retention
answer
The act of keeping in possession or use; keeping in one's pay or service
question
Subordinate
answer
Submissive to or controlled by authority; placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or position
question
Targeted
answer
Directed or used toward a target; directed toward a specific desire or position
question
Branding
answer
The process involved in creating a unique name and image in the customer's mind, mainly through advertising campaigns with a consistent theme
question
Marketing
answer
The process or technique of promoting, selling, and distributing a product or service
question
Objective
answer
Something toward with effort is directed; aim, goal, or purpose of action
question
Outreach
answer
The process of using marketing and education strategies to reach and involve diverse audiences through the use of key messages and effective programs
question
Prosthetic
answer
The surgical or dental specialty concerned with the design, construction, and fitting of prostheses, which are artificial devices that replace missing parts of the body
question
Tangible
answer
Capable of being appraised at an actual or approximate value; capable of being precisely identified or realized by the mind
question
Target Market
answer
A specific group of individuals toward whom the marketing is focused
question
4 P's of marketing
answer
Placement, price, product, and promotion
question
Reasons for job dissatisfaction
answer
Company Policy,supervision, relationship with supervisors, work conditions, salary, relationship with coworkers
question
Reasons for job satisfaction
answer
Achievement, recognition, work product, responsibility, advancement, growth
question
Three basic types of leaders
answer
Charismatic, transactional, transformational
question
Charismatic leader
answer
-Special way of inspiring an un-answering allegiance and devotion from their followers. -Encourage people to overcome great obstacles and buy into their vision for the organization/business. -Tend to trust people in subordinate positions and earn trust in return.
question
Transactional leader
answer
-Structured and organized. -Make sure subordinates understand their duties and roles -Fair and provide rewards when they have been earned -Hardworking, a planner, strict about budgets and time frames
question
Transformational leader
answer
-Innovative and able to bring out change in an organization - Relationship builders -Stress shared values and strive to create a common ground among team members -Most effective when an organization is experiencing change and reorganization
question
Theory X (McGregor)
answer
-Humans dislike working and avoid it whenever possible -Humans do not like responsibility and prefer to be directed rather than lead -Applied best to large-scale employers(factories or manufacturing) - \"hard\" management
question
Theory Y (McGregor)
answer
-People enjoy work and that it is a normal component of life, as are rest and play -When motivated, work toward goals of organization -Seek and accept responsibility, enjoy job satisfaction, imaginative, creative - Applies to mangers and other professionals
question
Theory Z (Ouchi)
answer
Considers characteristics such as long-term employment, collective decision making, individual responsibility, and holistic view of employee and his or her family
question
Coercive power
answer
Manipulative, leader makes threats or uses fear to accomplish goals
question
Granting rewards
answer
More positive use of power. If leader can give employees some type of reward for a job well done, employees strive to reach goals
question
Expert power
answer
Leader is knowledge able about subject. Employees like a leader who knows their job and how things are done
question
Legitimate power
answer
That of position of status
question
Referrent
answer
Granted from subordinates to those who lead by example, based on admiration of the leader
question
Intrinsic motivation
answer
Internal, originates within a person, longterm and can be focused toward a lifetime goal
question
Extrinsic motivation
answer
External, and more material in nature, short lived and less satisfying
question
Incentives
answer
_______ give employees reason to perform over and above the level expected of them
question
5 Essential elements of teamwork
answer
Mutual accountability, common purpose and performance goals, small size, common approach, and complementary skills
question
Causes of burnout
answer
Stressful, disorganized home or work environment; poor human relation skills; a feeling of being out of control of one's life; excessive expectations from supervisors or family members; long work hours or time away from family and friends; not being able to relax either at home or in a work environment
question
Family labor standards act
answer
-Prescribes standards or wages and overtime pay - Requires employees must be paid minimum wage and time and a half for overtime hours -Prohibits those under 18 from performing certain kinds of work -Restricts hours of workers under age 16
question
Occupational safety and health act
answer
Regulates conditions affecting employees safety and health in the workplace
question
Workers compensation
answer
-Regulates the benefits of employees who have been injured on the job -Determines pay for employees who are not working because of an on-the-job injury
question
Family and medical leave act
answer
Requires employers of 50+ employees to offer up to 12 weeks unpaid, job-protected leave to eligible employees for the birth of a child, adoption, or personal or family illness
question
Pregnancy discrimination act
answer
-forbids employees to refuse to hire a woman based on pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions -requires employees hold a job open for a pregnancy-related absence for the same time as a family and medical leave act
question
Ameicans with disabilities act
answer
Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities
question
Age discrimination act
answer
-Prevents discrimination in hiring based on age -prevents discrimination in promoting, discharging, and compensation employees
question
Who does the firing if necessary?
answer
Whoever hired the employee
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Introductory Sociology
Resource Mobilization Theory
Sociology
sociology ch.16 – social change: modern and postmodern societies 47 terms

Roy Johnson
47 terms
Preview
sociology ch.16 – social change: modern and postmodern societies
question
social change
answer
the transformation of culture and social institutions over time
question
how culture directs social change
answer
inventions create new objects discovery takes place when people notice new elements in the world diffusion creates change as people and information spread all these lead to social change
question
how conflict directs social change
answer
social conflict arise from class, race and gender inequality and result in social change
question
how ideas direct social change
answer
Max Weber claimed that industrial capitalism developed first in countries in Europe where Protestant work ethic was strong, he said this shows how the power of ideas can lead to change
question
how population patterns direct social change
answer
changes in traditional family units and also migration promotes social change
question
collective behavior
answer
activity involving a large number of people that is unplanned, often controversial, and can bring about change
question
crowd
answer
a temporary gathering of people who share a common focus of attention and who influence one another
question
mob
answer
a highly emotional crowd that peruses a violent or destructive goal
question
riot
answer
a social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undircted
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rumor
answer
unconfirmed information that people spread informally
question
fashion
answer
social patterns followed by a large number of people
question
fad
answer
an unconventional social pattern that people embrace briefly but enthusiastically
question
social movement
answer
an organized activity in which people set out to encourage or discourage social change
question
alternative social movement
answer
seeks limited change in specific individuals
question
redemptive social movement
answer
seeks radical change in specific individuals
question
reformative social movement
answer
seeks limited change in a whole society
question
revolutionary social movement
answer
seeks radical change in the whole society
question
claims making
answer
the process of trying to convince the public of the importance of joining a social movement
question
relative deprivation
answer
a perceived disadvantage arising from some specific comparison
question
disaster
answer
an event, generally unexpected, that causes extensive harm and damage to people and property
question
modernity
answer
changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution
question
modernization
answer
the process of social change caused by industrialization
question
division of labor
answer
specialized economic activity
question
Durkheim's term "anomie"
answer
a condition where society provides little moral guidance for people
question
Structural-Functionalism: mass society
answer
a society in which prosperity and expanding bureaucracy have weakened traditional social ties "problem of identity"
question
social character
answer
personality patterns common of members of a particular society
question
tradition directedness
answer
rigid conformity to time honored ways of living
question
other directedness
answer
openness to changes in trends and fashion
question
Social-Conflict: class society
answer
a capitalist society with pronounced social stratification "problem of powerlessness"
question
postmodernity
answer
transformations caused by the information revolution and the post industrial economy
question
modernization theory
answer
links global poverty to power of tradition
question
dependency theory
answer
links global poverty as the product of the world economic system
question
A number of sociologists contributed to a mass-society theory of modernity. Which of the following sociologists is NOT one of them? Answers: Emile Durkheim Karl Marx Ferdinand Tönnies Max Weber
answer
Karl Marx
question
Alcoholics Anonymous, an organization that seeks to help alcoholics achieve a sober life, is one example of which type of social movement? Answers: Alternative social movements Redemptive social movements Reformative social movements Revolutionary social movements
answer
Redemptive social movements
question
Demographic change in the United States over the course of the last century includes a trend towards ________ Answers: smaller household size. a larger share of elderly people. living in cities. All of these responses are correct.
answer
All of these responses are correct.
question
Durkheim's concept of organic solidarity is roughly the same as Tönnies's concept of ________ Answers: Gemeinschaft. Gesellschaft. blasé urbanite. specialization.
answer
Gesellschaft.
question
Fashion differs from a fad in that fashion ________ Answers: is shorter lived. is less conventional. reflects established cultural values. All of these responses are correct.
answer
reflects established cultural values.
question
In what way do "new social movements" differ from those in the past? Answers: They are more likely to be international. They are likely to focus on social rather than economic issues. They are likely to attract support from middle- and upper-middle-class people. All of these responses are correct.
answer
All of these responses are correct.
question
Karl Marx highlighted which of the following in the process of social change? Answers: Invention Ideas Class conflict Cultural diffusion
answer
Class conflict
question
Mass-society theory predicts that social movements will involve people who ________ Answers: are socially isolated. have sufficient resources to launch and sustain them. feel they lack enough income, power, or human dignity. mobilize around cultural symbols.
answer
are socially isolated.
question
Max Weber's thesis on the Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism highlighted the importance of which of the following in the process of social change? Answers: Invention Ideas Social conflict Cultural diffusion
answer
Ideas
question
One stage in the life of a social movement is called "coalescence." This stage refers to which of the following? Answers: The emergence of the movement The movement defining itself and "going public" Developing a capable staff to keep the movement operating The decline of the movement
answer
The movement defining itself and "going public"
question
Read the four statements below about postmodernism. Which one of them is NOT correct? Answers: The future probably will not be as good as the present. Science does not hold all the answers. Cultural debates are intensifying. The family and other social institutions are not changing.
answer
The family and other social institutions are not changing.
question
The assumption that the people who participate in the "Occupy Wall Street" demonstration feel that they lack sufficient income and job prospects offers support for which of the following theories explaining social movements? Answers: culture theory new social movements theory mass-society theory deprivation theory
answer
deprivation theory
question
The class-society theory of modernity is based on the ideas of which of the following sociologists? Answers: Emile Durkheim Karl Marx Max Weber Ferdinand Tönnies
answer
Karl Marx
question
The enormous oil spill by the tanker Exxon Valdez in 1989 is an example of which of the following types of disasters? Answers: Natural disaster Technological disaster Intentional disaster Unpreventable disaster
answer
Technological disaster
question
Following mass-society theory, the key problem of living in a modern society is ________ Answers: finding any personal freedom. dealing with persistent poverty. gaining a sense of power. building a confident personal identity in a quickly changing and morally relativistic world.
answer
building a confident personal identity in a quickly changing and morally relativistic world.
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Introductory Sociology
Social Problems
Sociology
Uniform Crime Report
Sociology Social Problems final test 101 terms

Brenda Gannon
101 terms
Preview
Sociology Social Problems final test
question
Which statement below best describes social problems
answer
Social problems are contingent on the culture of the country in question
question
2. Which of the following groups is an example of an ethnic group
answer
d. Italian American
question
3. According to sociologist a social problem
answer
D, people believe warrants public concern and collective action to bring about change
question
4. According to the text some personal problems
answer
B, are related to the larger social issues in soceity
question
5. Teaching school children that their own school and country are the best is an example of
answer
D, ethnocentrism
question
6. The process whereby the cultural attributes of diverse racial ethnic groups at
answer
D, amalgamation
question
7. Which theorist explain racial and ethnic inequality in terms of economic stratification and access to power
answer
B, conflict theorist
question
9. Which of the following is an example of institutional discrimination
answer
C, a real estate agent has unwritten policy
question
10. Adjunct instructors, who do not receive benefits or full time status at their respective institutions are examples of
answer
D, contingent workers
question
12. Sociologist examining problems associated with linguistic sexism are using which perspective
answer
A, symbolic interactionist
question
14. Potentiation refers to
answer
A, the reaction that takes place when two drugs are mixed
question
15. Sociologist who use a symbolic Interactionist framework believe that the drug problem could be reduced if
answer
B, children did not see members of their family
question
16. According to conflict theorist, opium was outlawed in the us because it was associated with
answer
B, Chinese imigration
question
17. According to the test definition, a drug is
answer
A, changes the human body's processes
question
18. Drug addiction is
answer
B, characterized by tolerance and withdrawl
question
19. According to the Uniform crime report overall rates of crime have
answer
D, decreased annually since 1991
question
20. Relatively minor crimes that are punishable by a fine or less than a year in jail are known as
answer
misdemeanors
question
21. Which part of the brain is most closely associated with violent behavior
answer
A, cortex
question
22. The most enduring psychological explanations of delinquency and crime seem to be the ones that bridge the biological explanations by linking crime and
answer
B, intelligence
question
23. Strain theory and control theory are
answer
A, functionalist perspective
question
24. According to Robert merton, which o the following accept societys goals, but use illegitimate means to achieve them
answer
B, innovators
question
25. Differential association theory and labeling theory are
answer
C, symbolic interactionists theory
question
26. Seeking to reduce criminal activity by instilling fear of punishment is known as
answer
B, deterrence
question
27. Early Christian leaders such as st Augustine and st thomans believe that prostitution are necessary because
answer
A, was evil but saved a basic social ned
question
28. According to functionalist, prostitution
answer
A, will always exist because it serves important functions in society
question
30. Erotica
answer
C, depicts consensual, pleasurable sex acts
question
31. According to presented research in the test, the increase in media coverage of child pornography cases could be explained by
answer
D, the internets contribution to a huge increase in the amount and increase
question
32. A sociologist who studies prostitutes
answer
B, symbolic interactionist
question
33. Which of the following statements regarding the chronically poor is correct
answer
C, those unable to work because of age disability
question
34. The poverty line is based on the assumption that
answer
B, one-third of the person's income
question
35. The vast majority of poor people in the us are
answer
A, women and children
question
36. The practice used by people who view a social problem as emanating from within the individual and is practiced by
answer
A, blaming the victim
question
37. Which of the following initiatives created farm subsidies
answer
A, Franklin D Roosevelt
question
38. Which of the following perspectives asserts that poverty related problems can be reduced by stringing social institutions
answer
C, functionalist perspective
question
39. Conflict theorist would suggest that
answer
B, problem of poverty can only be solved
question
40. Employers who enjoy tax credits for hiring welfare recipients
answer
C, small business protection act
question
42. Julie is a high school dropout and a single mother with three children who works as a waiters...
answer
B, relative poverty due to feminization
question
44. Which of the following best defines political economy
answer
C, the independent workings and interests
question
45. According to the test, the three major economic system present in moder societies
answer
A, capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies
question
46. Which of the following best defines primary sector
answer
B, the extraction of raw materials
question
47. Which of the following best defines secondary sector
answer
A, the processing of raw materials into finished
question
48. Tertiary sector production is
answer
C, workers providing services rather than goods
question
49. A monopoly
answer
A, exists when a single firm controls
question
50. An oligopoly
answer
C, is a situation in which a small number of companies or suppliers
question
51. Corporate welfare
answer
B, occurs when the government financially helps private companies
question
52. According to the test, which of the following two factors contribute to individual and family debt
answer
B, availability of credit and insufficient employment
question
53. The study of the seize and distribution of pollutions is known as
answer
A, Demography
question
54. Crude birth rate
answer
B, refers to the number of live births per 1000
question
55. Migration takes two forms. What are they
answer
A, immigration and emigration
question
56. What was Thomas Malthus view on global pollution according to what he wrote
answer
A, global pollution if left unchecked
question
57. The idea that some societies move from high birth and death rates to low as a result of technological development is called
answer
D, demographic transition theory
question
58. According toWorld Helath Org which of the following populations is likely to experience malnourishment
answer
C, women and young children
question
59. Approach to reducting global food shortages known as
answer
A, includes any technique that uses microorganisms to modify
question
60. Which of the following statements regarding environmental degradation is true
answer
C, the drastic increase in air pollution that began in the 20th century
question
61. Which of the following best define manifest functions
answer
A, open stated and intended goals
question
62. Functionalist believe that education
answer
B, allows young people upward social mobility
question
63. Which of the following initiatives was issued by the Obama administration
answer
D, a Blueprint Reform
question
64. Social assets that children gain from their home and bring with them to the classroom
answer
C, cultural capital
question
65. Which of the following statements regarding the hidden curriculum are true
answer
C, it is learned through implied demands
question
67. Which statement best describes the relationship between early immigration and education
answer
A, high rates of immigration in the nineteenth century brought
question
68. In Brown v the board of education the supreme court ruled tha
answer
C, separate but equal schools are unconstitutional
question
71. Which of the following statements regarding literacy is true
answer
C, the rate of functional illiteracy is higher among minority
question
72. School voucher systems
answer
A, give students government money to purchase education
question
73. Of the fifty states in the us how many states have hate crime laws
answer
C, forty-three
question
74. Which of the following best describes C wright mills sociological imagination
answer
C, the ability to connect individual experiences to the larger society
question
75. C Wright Mills, widespread unemployment resulting from changes in the national economy
answer
C, a public issues
question
76. The text defines discrimination as
answer
D, actions or practices of dominanct group members that have a harmful
question
77. Microlevel analyses focuses on
answer
A, small group relations and social interaction
question
78. Which of the following in the best definition of social policy
answer
A, a written set of ideas and goals that are formally adopted by a relative decision
question
79. A theoretical framework, overall approach, or viewpoint towards some subject is a
answer
C, perspective
question
80. Standards of conduct that are culturally established are called
answer
A, norms
question
81. Functionalist base their approach on the worlds of early social thinkers who compared society to which of the following
answer
C, a living organism
question
82. Uninteneded consequensces....
answer
B, latent functions
question
83. The functionalist explanation of violence in everyday behavior among your males in the lower classes is called
answer
A, subculture of violence hypothesis
question
84. John is a sociologist who argues that
answer
A, Value Conflict
question
85. According to critical conflict theorist, social problems occur
answer
B, there are major contradictions inherent in how a society
question
86. According to the conflict perspective the problem of violence in societies is linked to
answer
C, Capitalisim
question
Howard Becker, Develop individual views of right and wrong
answer
B, moral entrepreneuers
question
88. Which of the following types of research is used by social scientist
answer
B, survey research
question
89. Interactionalist solution to violence include which of the following
answer
D Teaching people of all ages to engage in nonviolent
question
90. The study of social problems involving the economy would take place at which level
answer
B, macrolevel
question
91. Tameka is a sociologist who explores
answer
b. critical conflict
question
92. Rico has been labeled delinquent, If rico is arrested in the future, his situation will fit which of the following
answer
d. self-fulfilling prophecy
question
93. Hen news states provide exhaustive coverage Casey Anthony,
answer
B, frame amplication
question
94. Deborah is studying the effects of violent video games by observing children after they played what kind of research is she using
answer
a. field research
question
95. In order to conduct a study of population growth among various religious ethnic groups water collects US data what type of research is this
answer
b. secondary analysis of existing data
question
96. Researches who use data collected by the fbi are using which of the following
answer
d. secondary analysis of existing data
question
97. David was physically attacked by a group of students as his dorm
answer
d. hate crime
question
98. Jane is a sociologist
answer
c. micro level
question
99. Tom and Sherri are a man and a wife who are married cohabitation and raising three children, this is an example of
answer
A, nuclear family
question
100. Tome and Sheri are a man and wife who are married and have a ton of family members
answer
B, extended family
question
101. Which of the following statements about adoption is true
answer
B, adopted children receive all rights of biological children
question
102. Strengthen the family according to functionalist
answer
C, making divorce harder to get
question
103. Which of the following perspectives suggest that couples
answer
C, symbolic interactionist
question
105. Core nations
answer
A, are dominant capitalist centers characterized by high level
question
106. Mechanical solidarity
answer
A, emile durkheim
question
107. in regard to urban problems conflict believe that
answer
C, The upper classes have maintained class and racial segregation
question
108. the process by which people renovate or restore properties is called
answer
B, gentrification
question
109. which of the following statements regarding suburbs is true
answer
C, suburbs have newer infrastructures and money to maintain them
question
110. which of the following statements about homelessness is true
answer
C, families and children are the fastest growing segment of the homeless
question
111. all of the following practices have been used by some property owners to perpetuate housing segregation except
answer
D, Unequal property taxation
Bring About Change
Drop Out Rate
Laissez Faire Capitalism
Self Fulfilling Prophecy
Social Construction Of Reality
Social Safety Net
SOC101: Sociology Flashcards 91 terms

Mike Bryan
91 terms
Preview
SOC101: Sociology Flashcards
question
Systematic study of human action in social context.
answer
Sociology
question
Are patterns of intimate social relations formed during face to face interactions. Families, friendships , circles and work associations.
answer
Microstructures
question
Are patterns of social relations that lie outside and above your circles of intimate acquaintances. Class relations and patriarchy, the traditional system of economic and political inequality between men and women in most societies.
answer
Marcostructures
question
International organizations , patterns of worldwide travel and communication and the economic relations between countries.
answer
Global Structures
question
While acknowledging that each individual is unique, we realize that society acts differently on various categories of people. Stresses social contexts in which people live.
answer
Sociological Perspective
question
Approach to explanation in which we seek to exhaust the item syncretic causes of a particular condition or event trying to . List all the reasons you choose to attend your particular university
answer
Idiographic
question
An approach to explanation And which we seek to identify a few casual factors that influence a class of conditions or events. Choosing two or three key factors that determine what university you choose
answer
Nomothetic
question
The sociological perspective stresses the social contexts in which people live and how these contexts influence their lives. A way of looking at the world that links private problems of the world and important social issues. How people are influenced by their society.
answer
Social Imagination
question
What we know as a part and parcel of the culture we share with those around us
answer
Agreement reality
question
A variable is assumed to depend on or because buy another if you find that an income is partly a function of amount of formal education income is being treated as the dependent variable
answer
Dependent Variables
question
What we know from personal experience and discovery
answer
Experiential reality
question
Variable with values that are not problematic in any analysis but are taken as simply given an independent variable is presumed to cause or determine a dependent variable.
answer
Independent Variables
question
The defining characteristics of people or things
answer
Attributes
question
Logical groupings of attributes. The variable gender is mader up of the attributes male to female.
answer
Variables
question
The process of giving prominence to particular individuals by focusing media attention on them
answer
Status Conferral
question
Situation in which people so overwhelmed by the amount of information they received that they become none and do not act on the information.
answer
Narcotization
question
The extensive infusion of one's national culture in other nations
answer
Cultural imperialism
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Reocialization involves deliberately trying to install particular values and behaviors in people who are members of tightly net groups such as fraternities sports teams or of total institutions. Causes rapid change in people's roles and values and self conception sometimes against their will
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Resocialization
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Military covents prisons boarding schools psychiatric hospitals people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time
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Total Institutions
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is the process by which people act toward respond to other people and is the foundation for all relationships and groups in society
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Social Interaction
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is a stable pattern of social relationships that exist within a particular group or society
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Social Structure
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this state of being part insider and park outsider in the social structure
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Social marginality
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a term used to describe all the status is that a person occupies a given time
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Status Set
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a small less specialized privilege members engage in face to -based interactions over extended time. Groups where norms, roles and statues are agreed upon not necessarily in writing. Family
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Primary group (social )
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larger more specialized group in which the members engage in more in personal goal oriented relationships for limited time
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Secondary group (social)
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a set of organized belifs that rule and establish how society will attempt to meet its basic needs
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Social institution
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Emile Durkheim's term for the social cohesion that exists in preindustrial societies in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and social
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Mechanical solidarity
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Emile Durkheim's term for the social cohesion that exists in industrial and perhaps postindustrial society in which people perform specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence
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Organic solidarity
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the process by which our perception of reality is shaped largely by the subjective meaning that we give to experience
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Social construction of reality
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The study of The common sense knowledge that people used to understand situations in which they find themselves
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Ethonmethodology
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a term for people's efforts to present themselves to others in ways that are most favorable to their own interest payments
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Impression management
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Stresses that human behaviour is governed by stable patterns of social relations( Social structures) Shows how cycle structures can either maintain or undermine social stability Suggests social structures are based mainly on shared values of preferences Aruges that re-establishing equilibrium is best way to solve most social problems
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Functionalist Theory (Durkheim)
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focusues on a large macro-level structures Shows how major patterns of inequality circumstances and social changes in others Stresses how member of privileged construct laws and rule to retain their power
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Conflict Theory (Karl Marx)
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the logical model in which general principles are developed from specific observations have it noted that Jews and Catholics are more likely to vote liberal the protestants are you might conclude that the religious minorities in Canada are more affiliated with the Liberal party and explain why this is being example of induction
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Induction
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The logical model with specific expectations of hypothesis are developed on the basis of general principles starting from the general principle that all jeans are meanies you might anticipate that this will let you change courses this anticipation would be the result of deduction
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Deduction
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this theory has guided most of human history I Early ancestors assumed that they saw things as they really were as humans evolved and became aware of their diversity they came to recognize that other did not we share their views on things
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The Pre-Modern View
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recognizes such diversity amongst people as legitimate a philosophical different strokes for different folks. Neither of us is right or wrong
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The Modern View
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nothing is real nothing exists although it's really the images we get through our points of view put differently there's nothing out there it's all in here
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The Post Modern View
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a tentative explanation of some observed regularity
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Theory
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the detailed description of a particular culture our way of life for the written result of a participation observation study
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Ethnography
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Field method city how individual interacted every day settings Surveys interviews focus group An Analysis of existing documents and official statistics
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Main Methods of Sociology
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Measurement and procedure by which researchers this criteria for assigning values to variable how are you doing the concept would counsel would does not count
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Operationalize
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involve incorrect infrence about the casual relations between variables
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Superilous relationships
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a method of collecting information by having people over quite their own answers to preset questions
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Self Administered Questionnaire
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this study of social life involves the participation of the research and to varying degrees in the activities of the group under investigation ; attempts to give an insider's account of the particular way of life and cultural system
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Participant observation
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is the generalizability other particular finding from the study group to a larger population the relevance of conclusions for a larger population or the ability to the further that the results of the study are represented to of a process operating in an broader population
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External validity
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Surveillance Interpretation Socialization Entertainment
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4 Functions of the media
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is the crucial learning process that occurs in childhood and initiate their entry into society (families)
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Primary Socialization
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To be a student, sponsor, parent learning a new job making new friends taking on new hobbies joining clubs I'll involves socialization this kind of learning (schools)
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Secondary socialization
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is the vital link between individuals and society including values/norms/roles
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Socialization
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Earlier thinkers believe that the self emerges naturally the way a seed germinates. A departure from previous thinking argues the only SOCIAL INTERACTION allows us to emerge
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Sigmund Freud First emergence of self
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Persons self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others people shape their self concept is based on their understanding of how people perceive. The social mirror there's no sense of self self image emerges as a product of involvement in and groups and communication with others. Significant others followed by primary group
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Cooley - The Looking Glass Self
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This subjective part of the self "I" and the objective part of the self "Me" The "I" acts The "Me" reflects on our actions through the lens of social norms, values and expectations . Taking the Role
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Mead I & Me
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1st. Stage imitative stage children younger than two years old have no real conception of themselves their language skills are insufficiently developed to allow them to communicate effectively when they play they often acted the behavior associated with certain roles such as a mother father dancer or a firefighter for what they are doing is not true role-playing only mimicking her imitation 2. Stage Play Stage begin to adopt the roles of significant others there play shifts from imitative too imaginative. They learn to anticipate peoples reactions with out having to act of the situation. 3. Final Stage Game stage develop a generalized impression of behavior people expect an awareness of their own importance to the group need use the metaphor of the game to describe the complex behavior required at this stage there is a continual adjusting behaviors to meet the needs of the team
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3 Stages in " Taking the Role of the Other (Mead)"
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sense of individual identity that allows us to understand who we are in relation to others and to differentiate ourselves
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The "Self"
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IMPACTS BEHAVIOUR ON AN UNCONSCIOUS LEVEL. HABITUS many of these different individual aspects that are shaped by our social environment will go unnoticed. Differentiate from habit in one important , habitus are not just the consequences of individual history but they also generative (outcomes). DISPOSITION
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Pierre Bourdieu
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Primary Socialization Secondary Socialization Peer groups mass media
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Agents of Socialization
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consists of individuals who are not necessarily friends but as of the same age group and of similar status. Groups
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Peer Groups
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What your excepted to do
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Prescriptive norms
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What your excepted NOT to do
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Proscriptive norms
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claims that the patriarchy is least as important as class inequality in determining a perks's opportunities in life. It hold that male domination and female subordination are determined not by biological necessity buy by structures of power and social convention.
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Feminist Theory
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face-to-face communication of interaction in micro level social settings. It emphasizes an adequate explanation of social behavior requires understanding of the subjective meeting people attached to their social circumstances it's just the people help to create their social circumstances and do not merely react them. It validates unpopular nonofficial viewpoints thus increasing understanding of tolerance of people who maybe
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Symbolic Interactionism
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is the generalizability of a particular finding from the study group to a larger population
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External validity
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Is the relevance or accuracy of a measurement in relation to the theoretical concept that it is suppose to measure
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Validity
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And to minimize the effect of personal bias in recent results or the idea of impartiality that of "fair hearings"
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Objectivity
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The tendency for a person to judge other cultures exclusively by standards of their own culture
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Ethnocentrism
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A collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time but have little else in common
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Aggregate
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According to Marx's one of the two main classes comprised of the owners of means of production
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The Bourgeoisie
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Is a closed stratification system most common in India with strict rules regarding the which type of work members of different castes can do
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Caste System
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Overall position and economic hierarchy occupied by individuals or families is in access to her control over material resources
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Class
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According to Marx is the conflict between major classes within a mode of production it eventually leads the evolution of new mode of production
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Class Conflict
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According to Marx is the recognition of members of the class of their shared interest in opposition to members of the class
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Class consciousness
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Is a relatively permanent economic hierarchy comprising different social classes
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Class Structure
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Is a stratification system in which little or no social mobility occurs because most or all of the statuses are ascribed
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Closed Stratification System
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Views social organizations as analogues to a biological organism in which the parts exist because of the functions they perform maintaining the whole. In this theory ratification exist because of the vital functions of presenting performed maintaining social equilibrium
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The Functionalist Theory of Stratification
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According to Marx are one of the main components of the mode of production consisting of the technology capital investment raw materials used in production
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Means of Production
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According to Marx is a system of economic activity in a society comprising the means of production and the social relations of production ( The class system)
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Mode of Production
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Is a process whereby individuals families or other groups move up and down a status hierarchy
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Social Mobility
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Refers to persistent patterns of social inequality perpetuated by the way wealth power and prestige or distributed and passed from one generation to the next
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Social Stratification
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According to Marx one of the classes of the capitalist mode of production of comprising workers in exchange for labor for way
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Proletariat
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is a stratification system in where merit rather then inheritance or ascribed characteristics determines social rank
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Open Stratification System
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a web of social relationships that link one person and through them with more people that those people know. A set of nodes (network members) that are tied together by more then one set of relations
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Network
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An organizational model characterized by hierarchy Authority clear division of labor explicit rules and procedures and and and personality in personal matters
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Bureaucracy
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Weber* Division of Labour Hierarchy of Authority Rules and Regulations Qualification based employment impersonality
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Formal Characteristics of Bureaucracy Weber
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Informal structure
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Informal Structure
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Inefficiency and rigidity resistance to change perpetuation of gender race and class in
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Shortcomings of Bureaucracies
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Efficiency -optimum method of getting from one point to another Calculability - emphasis on quantitive aspect of product Predictability- assures the product will be the same Control standardized uniform employees and use of non-human technologies
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Mcdonaldization
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Utilitarian - paycheck ( Large business, government) Normative - not for income but to peruse a moral goal ( volunteer, community based Org.) Coercive - Involuntary membership (prison)
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3 Formal Organizations
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domestic violence, child abuse, marital rape. Only objects of intervention once language to describe those phenomenon existed
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Dynamic nominalism
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The belief that the behaviours and customs of any culture must be viewed and analyzed by the cultures own standards (opposite of ethnocentrism)
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Cultural relativist perspective
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The knowledge, language and values customs and material objects that are passed from person to person from one generation to the next any human group or society
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Culture
American Government
AP Government
Bring About Change
English 2
Government
Henry David Thoreau
Individuals Are Responsible
Political Philosophy
Trade And Commerce
Government 2306 Chapters 1,2,3 – Flashcards 57 terms

Christine Brunetti
57 terms
Preview
Government 2306 Chapters 1,2,3 – Flashcards
question
What best describes Texas's philosophy today?
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The best government is the government that governs least
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The view that inequity is inevitable and that personal responsibility is the determinate of an individual's quality of life is an example of
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Texas conservatism
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Those who view social inequality as the result of institutional and economic forces beyond the control of individuals often support the idea of a government that
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attempts to balance power in society and support the disadvantaged.
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Which is not a correct statement about social conservatives in Texas?
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They do not support the use of state power to restrict gambling
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More Texans support ___________ than ____________
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the death penalty, a pathway to citizenship for illegal aliens
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Which is a true statement about political participation due to Texas's political subculture?
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Participation in politics is not as highly regarded as in those states with a moralistic culture
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According to Daniel Elazar, which of the following distinct political subcultures does not exist in Texas?
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Modernistic
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Which of the following is a correct statement about the individualistic political subculture
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Government's prime objective is to further private enterprise
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Which of the following is not considered a belief of the traditionalistic political subculture?
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This subculture believes in public rather than personal solutions to problems
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Texas's comparatively low levels of funding to social programs illustrate which type of political subculture
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Individualistic
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Which act granted married women equal rights in insurance, banking, real estate, contracts, divorce, child custody, and property rights?
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Martial Property Act
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In 1956, Governor Allan Shivers declared which demonstration an "orderly protest" and sent the Texas Rangers to support the protestors?
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Mansfield School Desegregation Incident
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Which court case argued that Latinos, although white, were "a class apart" and suffered discrimination on the basis of their "class"?
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Hernandez v. State of Texas
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In 2005, Texans passed by a majority of 76 percent an amendment banning
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both gay and lesbian marriage and civil unions
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What characteristics reflected the Old South's elitism that aimed to limit political participation to the "right people"?
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All of these choices are true.
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Compared with other states, Texas has rather generous programs that benefit the poor and the less well educated
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False
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Texas has a history of improving social programs only after being required to do so by the courts
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True
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Powers of the national government stated in the U.S. Constitution are called
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delegated
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Powers shared by the state and national government as stated in the U.S. Constitution are called
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concurrent.
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Powers found in Article 1, Section 8 and are explicitly listed in the U.S. Constitution are called
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expressed powers
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The implied powers of the national government are designed to do whatever is necessary to
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carry out the expressed powers of the national government
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Under Article 1, the U.S. Constitution gives the national government all of the following expressed powers except
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conduct elections
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Which is a correct statement about the Tenth Amendment?
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In spite of this amendment, the U.S. Supreme Court in McCulloch v. Maryland permitted federal action through implied powers
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Which U.S. constitutional amendment has been used by the U.S. Supreme Court to extend most of the provisions in the Bill of Rights to state governments?
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Fourteenth Amendment
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One example of a concurrent power would be the ability to _________________.
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charter banks
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Until the 1930s, the relationship between states like Texas and the national government would best be described as
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dual federalism
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When Texas receives matching funds or additional assistance from the national government for pursuing certain public policies, this is an example of
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cooperative federalism
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State and local governments have greater administrative flexibility with ________ than with categorical grants
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block grants
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During the era of transition from dual to cooperative federalism which policy area garnered the most opposition from southern states?
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Civil rights
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The Plessy v. Ferguson decision allowed continued discrimination against African Americans, and it became pervasive throughout the South as
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Jim Crow laws
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Southern states viewed Brown v. Board of Education, the Twenty-Fourth Amendment, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and Voting Rights Act of 1965 as
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an encroachment of their states' rights
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The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 is an example of
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federal encroachment using regulatory policy
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Governor Rick Perry, during his 2011-2012 presidential bid, argued that the federal government had increasingly taken over more activities of the state government. This is an example of what type of federalism?
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Coercive federalism
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The obligations that the federal government imposes on state governments with little or no funding to help support the program define
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unfunded mandates
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HB 2 required that all abortion clinic doctors must possess _________________.
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hospital admitting privileges
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The Tea party formed in reaction to __________.
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the expanding size of government
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In their struggle for power, which institution has acted as an umpire between the national and state governments?
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The U.S. Supreme Court
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The constitution of the Republic of Texas adopted some provisions from Spanish-Mexican law, including
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all of these choices are true
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Which is a correct statement about Texas?
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Texas won independence in 1836 and gained statehood in 1845
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Which of the following concerning the Texas Constitution of 1836 is not correct?
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It established a federal system of government for the Republic
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Which of the following is not true of the Texas Constitution of 1845?
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It granted the governor a term of four years.
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The kind of ballot that results from the election of a large number of independent executive and judicial officers is a
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long ballot
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Which is a correct statement about the Texas Constitution of 1866?
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All of these choices are true
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Which of the following is true about the Constitution of 1869?
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All of these choices are true
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When state governments misuse their powers, the response is usually to
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place constitutional limitations and restrictions on those powers
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Which of the following was the slogan of the Texas Grange going into the 1875 Constitutional Convention?
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Retrenchment and reform
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The Constitution of 1875 was opposed by all of the following groups except
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Democtats
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Which of the following is not true of the Texas legislature?
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Senators serve six-year terms and representatives serve four-year terms
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Article 3 of the Texas Constitution assigns power to a _______ legislature consisting of the 31 members of the senate and the 150 members of the house of representatives
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bicameral
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Which is a correct statement about Texas special sessions?
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Texas special sessions are more restrictive than any other state.
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Which statement is correct regarding term limitations of legislators in the Texas state constitution?
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Term limits do not exist in the constitution.
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Texas does not permit voters to decide directly on
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legislative appointments
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Which of the following is not a power granted to the Texas governor?
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Reduction veto
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The constitution stipulates that state judges are to be selected by which method?
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Partisan election by the voters
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Which election method allows citizens to place proposals on the ballot for voter approval? If the measure passes, it becomes law.
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Initiative
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Which of the following is true about the Texas Constitution's amendment process?
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Ratification by the majority of voters
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The Constitutional Convention of 1974 was divided over which issue?
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A right-to-work provision to restrict organized labor