Which of these is the BEST example of using economic pressure to bring about change?

Boycotting of California grapes in the late 1960s More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/standard-24-review/

Which of the following will NOT bring about changes in relative location.

Latitude and longitude. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/exam-1-quiz-study-set/

to help bring about change in your personality

be honest with yourself about your behavior and beliefs More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/fbla-intro-to-business-procedures/

“1.6b The work that occurs during the planned change process should primarily focus on maximizing the a. mission of the employing agency b.client’s abilities to bring about change c. input from the client’s immediate environment d.worker’s knowledge and skills”

b. client’s abilities to bring about change, More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/social-work-practice-midterm-study-guide-garcia/

Transitions that bring about changes in ones life are called

rights of passage More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/essay-uo-sociology-204/

An aspect of Gandhi’s identity that made him distinctive was the development of his protest technique satyagraha which included ideas based around civil disobedience and self-suffering. Gandhi’s technique of satyagraha provided an alternative method to fight British colonial rule. Gandhi developed the main principals of satyagraha while in South Africa fighting against racism. In 1907 a law came into place where Indians had to carry a registration certificate with them. Gandhi organized a protest against this law where Indians rejected their certificates and in 1908 Gandhi publicly burnt his own as a symbol of non-cooperation. This campaign marked the development of satyagraha as it resisted what was morally wrong without using violence and the protestors accepted the punishments and suffering in an attempt to make their opponents see their wrongdoings. Gandhi also knew that in the past, Indians had used force unsuccessfully against Britain’s efficient army who brutally suppressed rebellion by Indians for example during the Indian Mutiny of 1857. Gandhi’s belief in the power of non violent non co-operation as a means to bring about change is clearly seen in many campaigns, including the breaking of the Salt laws in Salt March of 1930 and his willingness to sacrifice himself through fasting.

Identity – Satyagraha More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/gandhi-essay/

Because transformational leaders attempt to bring about change, they tend to focus on the short-range, as well as a narrow focus.

False More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/leadership-chapter-3-quiz/

“The ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence” (page 50) is known as:

power. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/essay-week-3-culture/

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18th c.: "A Modest Proposal" – Flashcards 20 terms

Brooke Sharp

20 terms

Preview

18th c.: "A Modest Proposal" – Flashcards

question

All of the following are problems afflicting Ireland with which Swift is concerned in this essay EXCEPT:

answer

The breakdown of parental authority

question

What is the primary consideration of the speaker's argument?

answer

Economics

question

According to the speaker, all of the following are advantages of his proposal EXCEPT that:

answer

The number of absentee landlords will fall

question

Which of the following best describes the cumulative effect on the reader of the speaker's presenting the advantages of his proposal one after another?

answer

Horrifying

question

To remove all suggestion of irony from the title of this essay, one might rename it:

answer

"An Outrageous Proposal"

question

The overall tone of this essay could best be described as _____

answer

Mock-earnest

question

Swift's main purpose in writing this essay was most probably to: ____

answer

Shock the reader into realizing the plight of Ireland's poor

question

The speaker believes that the answer to Ireland's problems lies in _____

answer

Cannibalism

question

According to the speaker's calculations, the greatest number of children born in Ireland _____

answer

Are born into poverty

question

When the speaker argues that only one male for every four females need be reserved for breeding he is implying that _____

answer

Poor people are not faithful to one mate

question

Which of the following best describes the values of the "experts" to whom the speaker refers?

answer

Materialistic

question

What point does Swift make through the speaker's statement that the landlords have "already devoured most of the parents" of poor children?

answer

Landlords are responsible for the poverty of poor people

question

Swift suggests that the main problem with absentee landlords is that they ____

answer

Take from, but do not add to, Ireland's economy

question

What is one thing that Swift accomplishes by referring to people in this essay with such term as "dam," "breeders," and "salable commodity"?

answer

Treating them as animals

question

Explain why "A Modest Proposal" would be classified as an example of Jevenalian satire?

answer

B/c it's bitter and dark

question

Whose advice does Swift receive whenever he wishes to know what a child would taste like at a year old or 12 years old?

answer

By his American acquaintance

question

Swift would "not get a single penny" from his proposal. Why?

answer

Bc he has no children and they are too old to sell and his wife is too old

question

Name one of the things that Swift attacks or ridicules

answer

Landlords

question

List one of Swift's advantages

answer

Tenants will have something valuable on their own

question

Define Satire

answer

Writing that uses humor to ridicule human vice and folly

STUDY

Bring About Change Coping With Stress Family Psychology Family Therapy Social Issues Structural Family Therapy

Chapter 14- Family Systems Therapy – Flashcards 80 terms

Gabriela Compton

80 terms

Preview

Chapter 14- Family Systems Therapy – Flashcards

question

Who was the first person of the modern era to do family therapy?

answer

a. Adler

question

Which family therapist made use of innovative interventions such as metaphor, reframing, rules for interaction, parts party, family reconstructions, family sculpting, and family maps?

answer

c. Satir

question

Which of the following statements about strategic family therapy is not true?

answer

e. Presenting problems are viewed as being symptomatic of a dysfunction within the system.

question

Alfred Adler was the first to notice that the development of children within family constellations was heavily influenced by:

answer

e. birth order.

question

Postmodern thought has contributed to family therapy by:

answer

b. promoting the therapist's view of clients as the experts on their own lives.

question

Who was the person who refined Adler's concepts into a typology of mistaken goals and an organized approach to family therapy?

answer

e. Rudolf Dreikurs

question

The concept of triangulation is most associated with:

answer

b. Murray Bowen.

question

From the family systems perspective, symptoms are often viewed as:

answer

a. an expression of a set of habits and patterns within a family.

question

What is the technique in family therapy that casts a new light on a problem and provides a different interpretation for a problematic situation?

answer

d. reframing

question

A major contribution of Bowen's theory is the notion of

answer

b. differentiation of the self.

question

The systems perspective implies:

answer

c. individuals are best understood through the context of their role in their family.

question

Which is(are) a key role (or roles) of most family therapists?

answer

e. all of these

question

Which of the following techniques is a strategic family therapist least likely to use?

answer

c. family sculpting

question

A tool for collecting and organizing key relationships in a three-generational extended family is a:

answer

c. genogram.

question

Which of the following roles and functions would be least interesting to a structural family therapist?

answer

b. giving voice to the therapist's own impulses and fantasies

question

Which of the following is least associated with Satir's human validation process model?

answer

d. storied lives and narratives

question

The one central principle agreed upon by family therapy practitioners, regardless of their particular approach, is that

answer

a. the client is connected to living systems.

question

Which approach to family therapy contends that one's current family problems will not significantly change until relationship patterns in one's family of origin are understood and directly challenged?

answer

a. Bowenian family therapy

question

The techniques of joining, accommodating, unbalancing, tracking, and boundary making are most likely to be part of which approach to family therapy?

answer

c. structural family therapy

question

A major contribution of Whitaker's approach to family therapy is:

answer

d. spontaneity, creativity, and play as therapeutic factors in family therapy.

question

Roger and his wife are experiencing tension in their relationship because he believes she is far too lenient with their children when they misbehave. This forces him to play the role of "bad cop" as a parent, which makes him angry. A family therapist working with Roger and his family might:

answer

a. help to modify the family's transactional rules and develop more appropriate boundaries.

question

____________________ views the counselor and therapist as an observer who is outside of the system, can assess what is going on, and can promote change—all without ever becoming part of the system

answer

a. First-order cybernetics

question

Chun Hei is a Korean immigrant who has been separated from her family and friends for over a year since she came to the U.S. with her husband. She spends her days taking care of their two young children while he goes to work, and feels increasingly depressed without her support system. It is likely that a family therapist who meets Chun Hei:

answer

b. would be very interested in how her depression affects others in the family and how it influences family process.

question

Which approach assumes that a family can best be understood when it is analyzed from at least a three-generational perspective?

answer

a. Bowenian family therapy

question

Which approach asserts that emotional fusion to one's family must be addressed if one hopes to achieve a mature and unique personality?

answer

a. Bowenian family therapy

question

A couple directs the focus of their energy toward a problematic son as a way to avoid facing or dealing with their own conflicts. This is an example of:

answer

d. triangulation.

question

In working with a triangulated relationship, Bowen would be inclined to place primary emphasis on:

answer

c. maintaining a stance of neutrality.

question

Structural family therapy includes all of the following goals except for bringing about structural change by:

answer

e. the therapist taking a not-knowing stance with a family.

question

The opposite of a differentiated self is experienced as:

answer

a. emotional reactivity.

question

To prevent his parents from leaving the house, Miguel throws temper tantrums. His parents have given in to his demands and never go out to dinner or to movies anymore. A structural/strategic therapist working with Miguel and his parents will most likely:

answer

c. help Miguel's parents to develop differentiated selves.

question

Which of the following individuals is not associated with family therapy?

answer

c. Albert Ellis

question

Which approach would be most interested in the appropriateness of hierarchical structure in the family?

answer

c. structural family therapy

question

Jean-Pierre told the family therapist that his wife loses control of her temper with their children because of his demanding work schedule and his inability to be there to support her. Which communication stance has he adopted?

answer

a. blaming

question

Family atmosphere, family constellation, and mistaken goals are key concepts of:

answer

a. Adlerian family therapy.

question

Yelina seems to ignore the major marital problems that she and her husband Carlos are having as a result of sharp differences in their viewpoints on political and social issues that are affecting their native country, Cuba. Whenever a friend points out the tension she observes, Yelina changes the subject and talks about the weather forecast. Yelina is adopting which of the following communication stances?

answer

d. irrelevant

question

Which of the following theorists emphasized the development of a nurturing triad?

answer

c. Satir

question

Adlerian family therapy strives to______ as its goal.

answer

b. establish and support parents as effective leaders of the family

question

Problem descriptions and goal identification, typical day, the child interview and goal disclosure are techniques used in:

answer

d. Adlerian family therapy.

question

A potential limitation of the family systems model is:

answer

a. a particular family member's needs may be overshadowed by the needs of the system.

question

The therapy goals of promoting growth, self-esteem, and connection, and helping family members achieve congruent communication and interaction are most associated with which theory of family therapy?

answer

b. Satir's human validation process model

question

1. Bowen's multigenerational approach stresses techniques more than it does theory.

answer

False

question

2. Family systems therapy represents a paradigm shift that is sometimes called "the fourth force"

answer

True

question

3. Many of the most prominent structural family therapists have dedicated their efforts to working predominantly with African American and Hispanic families.

answer

True

question

4. The focus of Bowen's multigenerational approach is on dealing with family of origin issues and detriangulating relationships.

answer

True

question

5. The cornerstone of Bowen's theory is differentiation of self.

answer

True

question

6. Carl Whitaker's style focuses on his own spontaneous reactions and craziness as a way to tap material that a family keeps secret.

answer

True

question

7. Whitaker's experiential/symbolic approach is based on a well-developed theory of how a family changes.

answer

False

question

8. Satir's human validation model focuses on functional versus dysfunctional communication in families.

answer

True

question

9. Because Bowen's multigenerational approach looks at families from a three-generational perspective, the therapist is mainly interested in past happenings and does not pay much attention to present issues.

answer

False

question

10. Minuchin's structural therapy is based on the notion that an individual's symptoms are best understood from the vantage point of interactional patterns within a family, and that structural changes must occur in a family before an individual's symptoms can be resolved.

answer

True

question

11. Structural family therapy deals with boundaries.

answer

True

question

12. The goal of structural family therapy is to break down any hierarchical structure and replace it with equal relationships among all family members.

answer

False

question

13. Structural family therapists limit their interventions to families alone

answer

False

question

14. Minuchin's approach to therapy is geared more toward insight, rather than taking action

answer

False

question

15. Strategic family therapy has its foundation in communications theory.

answer

True

question

16. Strategic family therapists do not generally deal with the presenting problem; rather, they focus on the underlying symptom of a dysfunctional system.

answer

False

question

17. The focus of strategic family therapy is on growth and resolving historical conflicts in a family rather than on dealing with present problems of a family.

answer

False

question

18. Strategic family therapy stresses some of the same basic concepts as the structural approach to family therapy.

answer

True

question

19. The role of the strategic therapist involves being in charge of the session.

answer

True

question

20. Strategic therapists do not rely on therapy techniques to bring about change but instead give more stress to the therapist's relationship with a family.

answer

False

question

21. Minuchin and other structural family therapists initiated their work with wealthy suburban clients.

answer

False

question

22. Feminist, multicultural, and postmodern therapists are extremely aware of the power they have entering into already established systems, and they work to promote understanding through curiosity and interest rather than through formal assessments.

answer

False

question

23. Understanding family process is almost always facilitated by "how" questions.

answer

True

question

24. Assessment is not considered useful in the family systems perspective.

answer

False

question

25. Family therapists are wise to consider Western models of family functioning universal.

answer

False

question

26. Families are multilayered systems that both affect and are affected by the larger systems in which they are embedded.

answer

True

question

27. Family systems therapy can be used when working with individual clients.

answer

True

question

28. From a family systems perspective, an individual's dysfunctional behavior grows out of the interactional unit of the family as well as the larger community and societal systems.

answer

True

question

29. There is a trend in the field of family therapy toward rejecting an integrative model of practice

answer

False

question

30. Bowenian therapists function in ways to bring about change through action-oriented directives and paradoxical interventions.

answer

False

question

31. Given the complexity of the multilayered approach to family therapy, the therapist must adopt the role of "expert."

answer

False

question

32. According to Haley, who the therapist is as a person is far more important than specific intervention techniques.

answer

True

question

33. In Whitaker's experiential therapy, there is a greater focus on exploring past experiences than on here-and-now interaction between the family and the therapist.

answer

False

question

34. In experiential therapy, techniques are secondary to the relationship that the therapist is able to establish with the family.

answer

True

question

35. Joining, accommodation, and boundary making are techniques likely to be used by structural family therapists.

answer

True

question

36. Strategic therapists emphasiz e the value of therapist interpretation, exploring unresolved issues from the past, and insight.

answer

False

question

37. Within the field of family therapy, Virginia Satir has been the most influential leader in the development of both gender and cultural perspectives and frameworks in family practice

answer

False

question

38. Cloé Madanes developed conjoint family therapy.

answer

False

question

39. Because an individual is connected to a living system, change in one part of that system will result in change in the other parts.

answer

True

question

40. The main focus of family therapy is on past interactions and past conflicts as the best way to understand the dynamics of the family system.

answer

False

STUDY

Bring About Change Family Psychology Give And Take Specific Word Choice

Chapter 5: Strategic Family Therapy – Flashcards 69 terms

Charlotte Small

69 terms

Preview

Chapter 5: Strategic Family Therapy – Flashcards

question

What did strategic family therapy grow out of?

answer

The communication theory developed by Bateson's schizophrenia project

question

What does strategic family therapy emphasize?

answer

directive or task-oriented interventions over understanding the meaning of symptoms

question

What are the three distinct models?

answer

1. MRI brief therapy 2. Haley and Madanes Strategic Family Therapy 3. Milan Strategic Therapy

question

Where were all three models developed?

answer

At the Mental Research Institute in Paulo Alto

question

What and who influenced a lot of the strategic models?

answer

Influenced by hypnotic principles and Milton Erickson

question

What are the pragmatic strategies of problem solving and change?

answer

1. Brief 2. Efficient 3. Non-Pathological

question

What were the major contributions

answer

1. Problems can result from family interaction sequences 2. Families often unintentionally perpetuating their problems 3. Sudden change is possible

question

What was the result of the development of these models specifically the brief approach?

answer

The brief approach focused on interrupting cycles in which attempts to solve problems make the problems worse

question

Who developed Axioms?

answer

Watzlawick, Beavin, and Jackson

question

What are Axioms?

answer

Basic truths about communication

question

What are the four main basic truths of communication?

answer

1. people are always communicating 2. Communication defines the relationship between sender and receiver 3. Punctuation of communication sequences impacts the relationship 4. communication is either symmetrical or complementary

question

What does it mean that people are always communicating?

answer

- All behavior is communicative and so one cannot not communicate

question

What are a report function?

answer

The content of a message that conveys information

question

What is a command function?

answer

A command function dictates the relationship between sender and receiver, it is a statement that defines the relationship

question

What is symmetrical communication?

answer

when individuals communicate in similar ways (going to escalate)

question

What is complementary communication?

answer

when individuals have different communication systems defined by distance

question

What are the four main types of pathologic communication?

answer

1. Denying that one is communicating 2. Sending paradoxical messages 3. Discrepant punctuation of communication sequences 4. Symmetrical escalation

question

What is sending paradoxical messages?

answer

Messages the contradict themselves (telling them to do something that is inconsistent)

question

How is sending paradoxical messages best resolved?

answer

Through metacommunication

question

What is metacommunication?

answer

It is talking about the way they are communicating with one another

question

What do normal families have?

answer

1. They maintain integrity in the face of environmental challenges through negative feedback 2. Are able to communicate and are flexible

question

What are the three strategic vies of problem formation?

answer

1. cybernetic 2. structural 3. functional

question

What is cybernetic problem formation?

answer

- Attempted solutions perpetuate problems (positive feedback escalation) - Families want to maintain homeostasis

question

What is structural problem formation?

answer

Family rules or hierarchy promote problems

question

What are the two types of change in structural problem formation?

answer

first order and second order

question

What is first order change?

answer

It gets the family to change an action

question

What is second order change?

answer

It gets the family to change the family rule or underlying rules

question

What is functional problem formation?

answer

When problems are the result of people trying to protect or control one another covertly so their symptom serves a function for the system

question

What didi the MRI group use as problem formation?

answer

Just cybernetic

question

What did Haley use for problem formation?

answer

He added structural and functional to cybernetic

question

What did the Milan model use for problem formation

answer

All three but mostly functional

question

What is a directive?

answer

- An assignment, telling family to do something - Getting family to do something they wouldn't ordinarily do

question

What is reframing?

answer

- Helping family members understand symptoms in a different light - It can often make people fell better about

question

What is Paradoxical Intervention?

answer

1. Prescribe the symptom - do more of the symptom 2. Pretend technique 3. Tell family member to do something that will make them want to do things less

question

What is pretend technique?

answer

Telling the family to pretend to have the symptom

question

What is the function of the pretend technique?

answer

takes away the function of the symptom, the function is met by having the pretend symptom

question

What prescribing ordeals?

answer

When you make the symptom more trouble then it is worth. Example: insomnia - every time you wake up you have to mop the floor, its ends up being more trouble then its worth and we would rather just stay asleep

question

What are second order interventions?

answer

Changing the second order family structure problem and rules and getting the root of the issue

question

What does the Milan model emphasize?

answer

Questioning family belief symptoms attached to behaviors and interrupting destructive family games

question

What was the shift in focus on changing family behavior to?

answer

It shifted to changing families beliefs about their behavior

question

What did the Milan model believe about view of problem formation?

answer

It endorsed the 3 strategic views of problem formation (cybernetic, structural, and functional)

question

How does the Milan model view problem formation?

answer

As a "Game"

question

What is "The Game"?

answer

unacknowledged strategies and destructive pattern of family interactions in which members attempt to control each others behavior

question

Do family members have control over the rules of the game?

answer

question

What as a therapist do you want to do with the game?

answer

Change the rules of the game not the players

question

What are children symptoms often a result of?

answer

Power struggles between family members, often parents

question

What are the therapeutic goals of the Milan model?

answer

Help the family play a new game or a different game

question

how was the early Milan model structured?

answer

It was a very structured team approach drawing on strategic techniques

question

How was the evolved model structured?

answer

It was a more collaborative approach

question

What did the Milan Early Model mean by Long Term Brief Therapy?

answer

1. Low # of session but spread out 2. Meeting once a month over long time

question

What were the 5 steps in the structured treatment of the Milan Early model?

answer

1.Presession 2. Session 3. Intersession 4. Intervention 5. Post-session

question

What happens in presession?

answer

- Meeting with the team to discuss any prior knowledge on the family coming in

question

What happens in session?

answer

The conductor meets with the family

question

What happens in intersession?

answer

- a break - The conductor goes and meets with the team

question

What happens in intervention?

answer

the conductor goes back in and presents the intervention the team decided on

question

What happens in post session?

answer

The team meets with conductor and goes over what happened

question

What is positive connotation?

answer

Milan's take on reframing, emphasizes that symptoms protect family harmony

question

What are Counterparadoxes?

answer

telling family members not to chain or change too quickly. This slows down attempted solutions by the family

question

What are rituals?

answer

Prescribe the family to do something highly scripted, the interactions act to interrupt patterns in the family. An example of this would be having a "funeral" for a symptom

question

What is the invariant prescription?

answer

Used with schizophrenics and eating disorders patients. You tell parents to leave in mysterious ways it separates the parents and the child d

question

What is hypothesizing in the Milan Evolved Model?

answer

It is identifying ideas/theories of what going on and allowing hypothesis to dictate the conversations with families

question

What is neutrality?

answer

It is when the therapist creates distance between themselves and the client

question

What stance is the therapist encouraged to have during therapy in the Milan evolved model?

answer

A nonjudgemental stance

question

What are the four types of circular questioning?

answer

1.Relational/interaction pattern questions 2. Future-oriented questions 3. Comparisons and ranking questions 4. Before and after change questions

question

What are relational/interaction pattern questions?

answer

Asking family member what another family member does when something happens

question

What are future oriented questions?

answer

They are about the relationship between two from the view of another, how one person responds or would respond to actions of another EX: Asking child, How does your dad react when you mom leaves unexpectedly?

question

What are comparison and ranking questions?

answer

EX: Who gets the most upset when...

question

What are before and after change questions?

answer

EX: How did things change from before a certain event happened

question

What is the metaphor that the Milan Model uses to describe the destructive patterns of a family?

answer

"The Family Game"

STUDY

Bring About Change Counseling Psychology Family Psychology Make Believe Play Problem Solving Psychology Single Parent Families

Strategic Family Therapy – Flashcards 24 terms

Sarah Taylor

24 terms

Preview

Strategic Family Therapy – Flashcards

question

Strategic Family Therapy

answer

a theory and model developed by Jay Haley and Chloe Madanes, with interventions that focus directly on changing the presenting problem. Therapy is not growth-oriented, but change-oriented, and the therapist takes responsibility for the success or failure of the outcome.

question

Strategic Humanism

answer

Haley and Madanes's more recent model is oriented toward increasing family members' ability to soothe and love rather than to gain control over one another.

question

Strategic Therapy Theorists

answer

Jay Haley/Chloe Madanes (Haley's concepts influenced by Erickson, Baetson and Minuchin)

question

Strategic Therapy Concepts

answer

Hierarchy of the Family, Flexibility, Clear Rules, Symptoms are communicative acts embedded in a pattern of interactions

question

Bio-Modal Feedback Mechanism

answer

(Strategic/Systemic) it's a rule bound mechanism by which a system remains unchanged so long as the internal or external environment is stable. If the environment changes, the system must respond in a new way

question

Case-Specific Symptom Process

answer

a Strategic technique in which symptomatic or other undesirable behaviors are paradoxically encouraged in order to lessen such behaviors or bring it under conscious control

question

Dramatization

answer

a Strategic (Madanes) technique in which a parent is directed to request that the Child intentionally Perform the problem Behavior. In this way, the symptom will not draw as much parental attention, and it no longer serves a purpose, it can be dropped.

question

Directive

answer

a Strategic intervention in which a therapist Gives the family a Task with the intent of changing stuck sequences. (2 types; Straightforward and Indirect)

question

Dysfunctional Hierarchy

answer

a Strategic concept where family decision-making structures do not allow the family to accomplish goals and meet the needs of the family members (i.e., Parents have Relinquished their Executive Function to their children).

question

Family Rules

answer

a Strategic concept that points out the Rules that Governs Family members' behavior and promote specific reactions.

question

Indirect Directive

answer

a Strategic Intervention that is Paradoxical. The therapist expects the family to resist the task (i.e., parents are asked to act as if it were impossible to take control of their child).

question

Incongruous Hierarchy

answer

a Strategic/Madanes concept that shows a dysfunctional structure in which children use symptoms to try to change their parents.

question

Initial Interview

answer

a therapy format associated with Haley in which the therapist conducts a structured interview consisting of four stages: social stage, problem stage, interactional stage, and goal-setting stage

question

Make Believe Play

answer

a technique used by Madanes in which the parents are asked to make-believe they need the child's help and the child is to make-believe helping them. This reduces the need for covert symptomatic relationships. Parents often reassert to a superior position.

question

Ordeal

answer

a Strategic therapy technique that is aimed at making the Symptom Harder to Keep than give up.

question

Paradoxical Intervention

answer

A Strategic Therapy intervention that is build around a statement containing Message at different logical levels that Contradict each other. This contradiction is used to perturb the system and generate change. (i.e., person is asked to keep/intensify his depression. If he rebels, the symptom must be given up. If he complies, the system has come under his control)

question

Pretending

answer

A Strategic (Madanes) paradoxical intervention where clients are instructed to Pretend they Have the Symptom. This causes the symptom to become voluntary, unreal and subject to change

question

Prescribing the Symptom

answer

a paradoxical Strategic technique in which the therapist attempts to unbalance the family structure by instructing the members to Continue or Increase the Problem or symptomatic Behavior in order to bring the behavior under conscious control or lessen the behavior as the family rebels against the instruction.

question

Reframing

answer

A Strategic Therapy technique in a which a therapist's Language and how he labels events Gives New, often positive, Meaning to a situation.

question

Straightforward Directive

answer

Strategic Intervention that is Not Paradoxical and the therapist expects the family to carry out the task as given (i.e., parents are asked to take control of their misbehaving child)

question

Therapeutic Paradox

answer

a Strategic Therapy intervention that entails Maneuvers that Appear to Contradict the Goals of therapy, yet are actually designed to achieve them

question

Strategic Therapy Theory of Dysfunction

answer

The family hierarchy is disordered and needs to be reordered, Unsuccessful problem solving efforts, Inability to adjust to life-cycle transitions and Triangulations/Coalitions.

question

Strategic Therapy Theory of Change and Treatment Plan

answer

Increase flexibility, Increase strategies for developmental and non-developmental change, Structural Reorganization (re-establish hierarchy), Eliminate triangles and coalitions, Resolve the Presenting Problem Only.

question

Strategic Therapeutic Stance and Length

answer

Active and Deliberate. Joining with the family. The therapist is an observer. Brief (symptom relief)

STUDY

Assistance And Support Bring About Change Corporate Finance Finance International Business And Marketing International Marketing Marketing Personal Digital Assistant

internaitonal ch4 – Flashcards 65 terms

Claire Scott

65 terms

Preview

internaitonal ch4 – Flashcards

question

1. The sum total of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society is called _____. A. sensitivity B. congruence C. culture D. reference groups E. aesthetics

answer

Culture

question

32. When designing a product, the style, uses, and other related marketing activities must be made _____ if they are to be operative and meaningful. A. culturally acceptable B. politically acceptable C. technically efficient D. compatible to the present economy E. indifferent to societal conditions

answer

Culturally acceptable

question

33. When marketers first introduced the personal digital assistant (PDA) to the American consumer, they performed the role of being _____ because the cultural impact of the product became widespread. A. gatekeepers B. role players C. creators of supply D. agents of change E. promoters

answer

agents of change

question

34. In the context of culture's pervasive impact, which of the following is true about birthrates? A. A service economy usually has a higher birthrate than an industrial economy. B. Government policies and birth control technologies have caused a decline in birthrates. C. The economic status of a country has minimal impact on the birthrates in that country. D. Countries that move from agricultural economies to service economies experience increased birthrates. E. Agricultural economies find it hard to support high birthrates than industrial economies.

answer

Government policies and birth control technologies have caused a decline in birthrates.

question

35. Which of the following actions is important for foreign marketers in order to be effective in a foreign market? A. Learning to appreciate the intricacies of cultures different from their own. B. Ensuring that the promotions for the product are indifferent to social beliefs. C. Adhering to the prominent prejudices in the foreign society. D. Creating product differentiation by being indifferent to the culture of the foreign market. E. Making the product relate to the most prominent religion in the foreign culture.

answer

Learning to appreciate the intricacies of cultures different from their own.

question

36. According to Dutch management professor Geert Hofstede, culture is referred to as the: A. "software of the mind." B. "defining factor of life." C. "conflict of civilization versus the masses." D. "tool of the elite." E. "art's triumph over banality."

answer

software of the mind."

question

37. Which of the following reflects Dutch management professor Geert Hofstede's perception of culture? A. It is a weapon that is often used on the poor. B. It is a problem-solving tool. C. It is a bias that is used to justify racial inequality. D. It is a relationship enhancer. E. It is a reflection of a nation's evolution.

answer

It is a problem-solving tool.

question

38. James Day Hodgson, former U.S. ambassador to Japan, describes culture as a(n) _____, which according to him is tough to get through, but with effort and patience could often lead to success. A. culturally neutral market B. maze C. intelligence test D. thicket E. perseverance test

answer

thicket

question

39. According to Edward Hall's comments on culture, which of the following could hurt companies and careers in foreign markets? A. Adherence to the social norms of the foreign market. B. Being agents of change in the new market. C. Ignorance of cultural differences in the foreign market. D. Strict following of the political rules of the foreign society. E. Consideration of the economic system of the new market.

answer

Ignorance of cultural differences in the foreign market.

question

40. The process of adjusting to a new culture is known as: A. diffusion. B. culture transfer. C. acculturation. D. assimilation. E. transference.

answer

acculturation.

question

41. Which of the following is a way individuals learn culture from social institutions? A. Anarchy B. Socialization C. Cultural apathy D. Etiquette awareness E. Social rebellion

answer

Socialization

question

42. Most traditional definitions of _____ center around the notion that it is the sum of the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned, shared by a group of people, and transmitted from generation to generation. A. congruence B. sensitivity C. rituals D. demography E. culture

answer

Culture

question

43. Mike grew up learning a great deal about his culture from his school, the church, the mass media, and his family. This kind of learning of culture is called: A. acculturation. B. socialization. C. naturalization. D. emancipation. E. adaptation.

answer

Socialization

question

44. Mervin is excited about his new home in the Philippines. Though native of Los Angeles, he has been given the opportunity to learn about a new culture, form new friendships, and capitalize on opportunities that were not available in his previous home or workplace. He will go through what is known as _____ as he adjusts to living in the Philippines. A. acculturation B. socialization C. naturalization D. emancipation E. standardization

answer

acculturation

question

45. Family, religion, schools, the media, government, and corporations are all examples of a(n): A. social institution. B. cultural icon. C. internal variable. D. external variable. E. demographic variable.

answer

social institution

question

46. Which of the following is true with respect to Professor Jared Diamond's ideas regarding the influence of geography on history and cultural values? A. People in the plains are more likely to invade than those settled in higher altitudes. B. Historically, societies in the north are more developed than those in the south. C. Civilizations near major rivers are more developed than those settled near major oceans. D. Historically, innovations spread faster east to west than north to south. E. Historically, invasions from warrior tribes have always happened from the west to the east.

answer

historically, innovations spread faster east to west than north to south

question

47. Which of the following thinkers is famous for his statement on the deep influence of geography on history, economics, and consumer behavior? A. Jared Diamond B. Philip Parker C. Desmond Morris D. Noam Chomsky E. Jacques Derrida

answer

philip parker

question

48. New cola alternatives (Mecca Cola, Muslim Up, Arab Cola, and ColaTurka) sprang up after the military conflicts in the Middle East in 2003. This is an example that shows how: A. Coca-Cola played an important role in easing the cultural divide among the warring nations. B. American beverage companies diversify to cater to various markets. C. specific events in history can influence consumer behavior. D. businesses exploit cheap human labor during war-times. E. cultural aspects influence the development and acceptance of products.

answer

specific events in history can influence consumer behavior

question

49. Which of the following technological innovations has had a great impact on the gender-based determining of responsibilities and roles? A. Mobile phones B. Computers C. Aircraft D. The Internet E. Birth control pills

answer

Birth control pills

question

50. Which of the following is an unfavorable outcome of the usage of birth control pills? A. Educational institutions are finding it tougher to fill in seats. B. Midwifery, as a profession, is soon becoming extinct. C. More men and women are opting for a "one-child family." D. Women are increasingly taking up job roles traditionally reserved for men. E. Schools are forced to address issues like abstinence and condom distribution.

answer

Schools are forced to address issues like abstinence and condom distribution.

question

51. The _____ in India is a social institution that influences the roles and status positions found within Indian society. A. country club B. church C. Taj Mahal D. hijab E. caste system

answer

caste system

question

52. One of the advantages of the emergence of gender equality is the _____ gap between the sexes being narrowed in many places around the world. A. intelligence B. biological C. identity D. education E. language

answer

education

question

53. In most cultures, the first social institution infants are exposed to outside the home takes the form of a: A. day care center. B. school. C. religious institution. D. shopping mall. E. government agency.

answer

religious institution.

question

54. Numerous studies indicate a direct link between the literacy rate of a country and its: A. ability to conduct foreign trade. B. capability for rapid economic growth. C. ability to eradicate social prejudices. D. capability to promote secular political values. E. potential to support gender equality.

answer

capability for rapid economic growth.

question

55. What has been the impact on American culture, of women joining the workforce in growing numbers for the past thirty years? A. An increase in the desire for large families in the American population. B. An increase in the underestimation of women in the American culture. C. A decrease in economic development. D. A reduction in the influence of family in the American culture. E. An increase in divorce rates in the country.

answer

A reduction in the influence of family in the American culture.

question

56. Which of the following social institutions is considered to have had a detrimental effect on American culture? A. School B. Government C. Religion D. Family E. Media

answer

Media

question

57. Which of the following social institutions that influence culture has comparatively the least impact on culture? A. Media B. School C. Government D. Family E. Religion

answer

Government

question

58. Governments influence thinking and behavior through the: A. enforcement of a variety of laws affecting consumption and marketing behaviors. B. increasing of the literacy rate of the country. C. adopting of a secular government with separation of the church and state. D. supporting of a selected number of religious sects within the society. E. promotion of egalitarian principles.

answer

enforcement of a variety of laws affecting consumption and marketing behaviors.

question

59. Which of the following social institutions introduce innovations to society? A. Corporations B. School C. Government D. Family E. Religion

answer

Corporations

question

60. Which of the following is the main reason for corporations being the forerunners of innovations in society? A. The use of propaganda to form "favorable" public opinions. B. The access they have to ideas from around the world. C. The understanding that they have of foreign markets. D. The religious tolerance that they possess as a requisite for foreign trade. E. The fact that all merchants and traders are required to be literate.

answer

The access they have to ideas from around the world.

question

61. The most useful information on how cultural values influence various types of business and market behavior comes from work done by: A. Sigmund Freud. B. George Gallup. C. Geert Hofstede. D. Ayn Rand. E. Milton Friedman.

answer

Geert Hofstede.

question

62. In the context of linguistic distance, which of the following languages is the most distant from English? A. French B. German C. Spanish D. Arabic E. Thai

answer

Thai

question

63. In the context cultural values, the _____ Index refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one's self-interest. A. Individualism/Collectivism B. Power Distance C. Uncertainty Avoidance D. Masculinity/Feminity E. Linguistic

answer

Individualism/Collectivism

question

64. The Uncertainty Avoidance Index measures the tolerance of uncertainty and _____ among members of a society. A. inequality B. subjugation C. ambiguity D. oppression E. hierarchy

answer

ambiguity

question

65. On the basis of Hofstede's four dimensions, cultures with high Power Distance Index (PDI) scores tend to be: A. secular. B. hierarchical. C. flat in organization. D. fragmented. E. Mexico

answer

hierarchical.

question

66. Wayne is working at the overseas branch of his organization. He needs some clarification about a project. He approaches a senior manager thinking he would get a good explanation. However, he is instructed to follow protocol and sent away. Also, he is informed that only team leads are allowed to approach senior managers. This implies that the organization has a ______ score. A. high Individualism/Collective Index B. high Power Distance Index C. low Individualism/Collective Index D. low Power Distance Index E. high Uncertainty Avoidance Index

answer

high Power Distance Index

question

67. People from which of the following cultures are more likely to have a general distrust of others (not those in their groups) because power is seen to rest with individuals and is coercive rather than legitimate? A. Cultures with a high Individualism/Collective Index score. B. Cultures with a high Power Distance Index score. C. Cultures with a low Individualism/Collective Index score. D. Cultures with a low Power Distance Index score. E. Cultures with a high Uncertainty Avoidance Index score.

answer

Cultures with a high Power Distance Index score.

question

68. Cultures with high _____ scores tend to have a high level of anxiety and stress and a concern with security and rule following. A. Power Distance Index B. Individualism/Collectivism Index C. Distance from English Index D. Uncertainty Avoidance Index E. Masculinity/Femininity Index

answer

Uncertainty Avoidance Index

question

69. Cultures which are low in Uncertainty Avoidance index: A. seek absolute truth. B. accord a high level of importance to rules as a means of avoiding risk. C. tend to be distrustful of new ideas or behaviors. D. dogmatically stick to historically tested patterns of behavior. E. take a more empirical approach to understanding and knowledge.

answer

take a more empirical approach to understanding and knowledge.

question

70. For a culture, a low score in the _____ reflects more egalitarian views. A. Power Distance Index B. Individualism/Collectivism Index C. Distance from English Index D. Uncertainty Avoidance Index E. Masculinity/Femininity Index

answer

Power Distance Index

question

71. Which of the following terms pertains to societies in which people from birth onward are integrated into strong, cohesive groups? A. Power distance B. Individualism C. Uncertainty D. Collectivism E. Masculinity

answer

Collectivism

question

72. Cultural values can predict such consumer behaviors as _____ and impulsive buying. A. ethnocentrism B. family planning C. word-of-mouth communications D. immigration E. resource-sharing

answer

word-of-mouth communications

question

73. Based on the Individualism/Collectivism Index, in which of the following cultures will the "virtual social" activity of online chatting be most acceptable? A. One in which individualism reigns supreme. B. One in which collectivism is adopted. C. One that has a high tolerance for ambiguity. D. One which has a willingness to take risks. E. One with no separation between the church and the state.

answer

One in which individualism reigns supreme.

question

74. Hofstede's data on cultural values suggest that: A. countries that are high on individualism and low on uncertainty avoidance tend to be more innovative. B. diffusion of innovations will be slower in countries that are low on individualism and high on uncertainty avoidance. C. individuals from individualistic cultures tend to respond more favorably to other-focused appeals. D. self-focused appeals tend to attract people from collectivistic cultures. E. collectivistic cultures tend to be more emotionally bent than individualistic cultures.

answer

diffusion of innovations will be slower in countries that are low on individualism and high on uncertainty avoidance.

question

75. In the context of the elements of culture, rituals are patterns of behavior and interaction that are: A. learned and repeated. B. scientifically verified for effectiveness. C. enforced by governments. D. unique to each individual. E. universally accepted as proper behavior.

answer

learned and repeated.

question

76. The anthropologist, Edward T. Hall tells us that culture is: A. all-encompassing. B. relatively minor in the scheme of life. C. communication. D. strongly linked to physiology. E. standard throughout the world.

answer

communication.

question

77. In some parts of the world, language is itself thought of as a social institution, often with political importance. Which of the following countries best exemplifies the above statement? A. Australia B. United States C. France D. Mexico E. Switzerland

answer

France

question

78. In the context of the relationship between language and international marketing, recent studies indicate that a new concept, _____, is proving useful to marketing researchers in market segmentation and strategic entry decisions. A. paralinguistics B. linguistic distance C. language parallels D. language roots E. linguistic accents

answer

linguistic distance

question

79. Linguistic distance is an important factor that helps in determining differences in values across countries and the amount of trade between countries because: A. the closer the languages the tougher the interactions. B. crossing "wider" language differences increases transaction costs. C. the more distant a language from the other, the more valuable the brand becomes in the new territory. D. major languages have "syntactical superiority" over minor languages that help in brand positioning. E. a 'neutral' language is required to address the differences arising out of linguistic distances.

answer

crossing "wider" language differences increases transaction costs.

question

80. The aesthetics of a culture must be taken into account by marketers when: A. styling the product and its packaging. B. determining the linguistic distance of a culture. C. assessing if a culture is individualistic or collectivistic. D. trying to quantify the influence media has on the culture. E. trying to comply with the rituals of a culture.

answer

styling the product and its packaging.

question

81. Feng shui is a Chinese ____, considered to be the process that links humans and the universe to ch'i, the energy that sustains life and flows through our bodies and surroundings, in and around our homes and workplaces. A. illusion B. ritual C. belief D. symbol E. myth

answer

belief

question

82. Based on Richard Nisbett's metaphor involving Confucius's worthy picture, what is his analysis regarding the thought process or perceptual process of Westerners? A. Westerners can provide great details about central figures but see relatively little in the background. B. Westerners observe things sequentially, thus fail to comprehend the larger picture. C. Westerners are good at observing details but fail to comprehend the central message. D. Westerners prefer larger than life figures to convey messages. E. Westerners tend to focus on the brighter colors in the image and fail to see the lines and finer drawings.

answer

Westerners can provide great details about central figures but see relatively little in the background.

question

83. _____ refers to being attuned to the nuances of culture so that a new culture can be viewed objectively, evaluated, and appreciated. A. Cultural integration B. Acculturation C. Counter culture D. Cultural sensitivity E. Culture transfer

answer

Cultural sensitivity

question

84. _____ is a responsible effort to learn from others' cultural ways in the quest for better solutions to a society's particular problems. A. Acculturation B. Cultural borrowing C. Cultural sensitivity D. Cultural aestheticism E. Cultural assimilation

answer

Cultural borrowing

question

85. To the foreign marketer, the similar-but-different feature of cultures has important meaning in gaining cultural _____. A. tolerance B. acceptance C. leverage D. empathy E. heritage

answer

empathy

question

86. Which of the following is the most important factor in determining what kind and how much of an innovation will be accepted by a culture? A. The time required for the change to occur. B. The number of people that could be benefited. C. The degree of interest in the particular subject. D. The power or authority of the change agent. E. The financial impact, immediate and long-term, of accepting the change.

answer

The degree of interest in the particular subject.

question

87. With regard to resistance to change, observations indicate that those innovations most readily accepted are those that: A. cater to the values of the predominant religion of the society. B. propagate faith in a set of beliefs different from the existing beliefs. C. are apathetic to the existing cultural beliefs. D. hold the greatest interest within the society and those that are least disruptive. E. offer some insight into the aesthetics of the existing culture.

answer

hold the greatest interest within the society and those that are least disruptive.

question

88. Modern medicine has thrived in the United States together with the use of herbal remedies from South America. This is an example of: A. cultural ombudsmanship. B. cultural congruence. C. cultural hegemony. D. cultural sensitivity. E. cultural borrowing.

answer

cultural borrowing.

question

89. _____ refers to a strategy that involves marketing products similar to ones already on the market thereby minimizing resistance. A. Flank attack B. Cultural congruence C. Guerilla marketing D. Lateral marketing E. Culture equalization

answer

Cultural congruence

question

90. The strategy of _____ deliberately sets out to change those aspects of the culture offering resistance to predetermined marketing goals. A. planned change B. top-down change C. guerilla marketing D. differentiated marketing E. disruptive marketing

answer

planned change

question

91. Marketing strategy is judged culturally in terms of _____. A. inclusion or exclusion B. cultural intensity or cultural sublimity C. acceptance, resistance, or rejection D. sensitivity to the hidden aspects of culture in a society E. speed, intensity, and degree of change required

answer

acceptance, resistance, or rejection

question

92. The first step in bringing about planned change in a society is to: A. determine which cultural factors conflict with an innovation. B. create a resistance to the cultural factor hindering acceptance. C. wait for eventual cultural changes that prove their innovations of value to the culture. D. market the products similar to ones already on the market. E. leave acceptance to a strategy of unplanned change.

answer

wait for eventual cultural changes that prove their innovations of value to the culture.

question

93. Morton Foods has decided to introduce a new line of turkey products to the American consumer. Turkey steaks resemble beefsteak in taste but are made from turkey meat, and are leaner and healthier for a variety of reasons. However, the company is concerned that the product will not be accepted in America. If Morton Foods follows a strategy of _____, they are more likely to have a successful introduction of the new product. A. unplanned change B. cultural adiaphora C. cultural syncopation D. cultural congruence E. continuous change

answer

cultural congruence

question

94. Nexar Energy is advocating the use of solar power to replace all petroleum-based energy sources. The company holds demonstrations to show how solar power could be used in all major petroleum-based products—automobiles, power sources, and heating and cooling. Nexar Energy is employing a strategy of _____, a deliberate attempt to change the way we do things with respect to energy sources. A. unplanned change B. planned change C. parallel change D. syncopated change E. synergistic change

answer

planned change

question

95. The Westernized diet has caused many Japanese to become overweight. This is an example of _____ change. A. top-down B. planned C. central D. unplanned E. bottom-up

answer

unplanned

STUDY

Bring About Change Business Management Evidence Based Management High School Students Management Organizational Behavior Organizational Psychology

Ch1 Organizational Behavior MGMT3720 – Flashcards 95 terms

Kenneth McQuaid

95 terms

Preview

Ch1 Organizational Behavior MGMT3720 – Flashcards

question

___ are defined as people who oversee the activities of others and who are responsible for attaining goals in an organization. A) Assistants B) Managers C) Secretaries D) Interns E) Apprentices

answer

B) Managers

question

Sally Mitchell works as a manager at an environmental organization. She is currently working on a global warming project and decides which tasks related to creating awareness about the issue needs to be done. In addition, she is also deciding which members of her team will work on engaging with the public and which will work on lobbying with the government. She is also assigning people as team members to ensure that tasks are undertaken on time. Which of the following categories of functions is Mitchell undertaking? A) Planning B) Organizing C) Scrutinizing D) Controlling E) Envisioning

answer

B) Organizing

question

Johanna Reid, a campaign manager at a child rights organization, recently started working on an illiteracy project. During the project, she needs to motivate team members to attain their project milestones and direct them through different phases of the project. Which of the following kinds of functions will these tasks be covered under? A) planning B) organizing C) scrutinizing D) evaluating E) leading

answer

E) leading

question

Lesley Torres is a project manager for the campaign "Action against Deforestation in Indonesia." She recently faced a glitch when the campaign could not be launched publicly according to schedule. Torres monitored the schedule to find the cause of the delay before speeding up the implementation process by allocating more members for the implementation phase. By doing this, which of the following functions is she performing? A) controlling B) planning C) formulating D) leading E) organizing

answer

A) Controlling

question

Which of the following functions do managers undertake as part of planning functions? A) defining an organization's goals B) implementing strategies for achieving goals C) executing plans to integrate activities D) accomplishing goals of a project E) employing strategies to coordinate tasks

answer

A) defining an organization's goals

question

6) According to Henry Mintzberg a factory supervisor giving a group of high school students a tour of the plant may be termed as a ________. A) leader B) figurehead C) resource allocator D) negotiator E) disturbance handler

answer

B) figurehead

question

Ellen Ortiz works as a sales manager at a telecom firm. The company has recently launched a new product in the market. Her work in the next few weeks involves sharing knowledge about the product with her team members. She will also need to inspire them to reach their sales targets and clarify any doubts about the new product. Which of the following roles is Ortiz playing? A) leader B) liaison C) disseminator D) spokesperson E) negotiator

answer

A) leader

question

Regina George works as a campaign manager in a not-for-profit organization in Hampshire. For the upcoming campaign against genetic engineering, she is networking with managers who are working on the issue of food safety. Through her network of contacts, she strives to gain information about the stakeholders in the food industry and other lobby groups. Which of the following roles is George most likely to be playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles A) figurehead B) leader C) liaison D) entrepreneur E) resource allocator

answer

C) liaison

question

Annette Simpson works for a fashion house in Paris and is preparing for the company's upcoming line of winter clothing. She is currently researching online to know what is in vogue this season. In addition, she is also networking with contacts from the press and fashion magazine editors to understand the changing tastes of consumers. Which of the following roles is Simpson playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles? A) figurehead B) leader C) symbol head D) monitor E) spokesperson

answer

D) monitor

question

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization. A) entrepreneur B) resource allocator C) spokesperson D) leader E) disseminator

answer

E) disseminator

question

The role of a(n) ________, according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, is to transmit information to outsiders about an organization's plans, policies, actions, and results and to serve as an expert in the organization's industry. A) spokesperson B) disturbance handler C) entrepreneur D) leader E) liaison

answer

A) spokesperson

question

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, a(n) ________ searches the organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change. A) spokesperson B) disturbance handler C) entrepreneur D) resource allocator E) negotiator

answer

C) entrepreneur

question

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to make or approve significant organizational decisions and assign human, physical, and monetary assets. A) disseminator B) liaison C) entrepreneur D) resource allocator E) disturbance handlers

answer

D) resource allocator

question

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of interpersonal role? A) monitor B) disseminator C) spokesperson D) entrepreneur E) liaison

answer

E) liaison

question

According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of decisional role? A) negotiator B) disseminator C) liaison D) spokesperson E) monitor

answer

A) negotiator

question

The role of a(n) ________ is a type of informational role according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles. A) figurehead B) disseminator C) liaison D) entrepreneur E) negotiator

answer

B) disseminator

question

Which of the following is true regarding technical skills? A) They can be learned only through formal education. B) They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge. C) They are not required at all kinds of jobs. D) They are monopolized by professionals. E) They comprise the ability to understand and motivate people.

answer

B) They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge.

question

The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as ________. A) human skills B) technical skills C) conceptual skills D) cognitive skills E) analytical skills

answer

A) human skills

question

Melissa Woods was recently hired as the campaign manager at an environmental organization. She has a degree in environmental sustainability and possesses substantial knowledge about the issue of global warming. She has the knowledge to lead the public relations team of the organization. However, a few months later, the board of directors of the organization expressed dissatisfaction with Melissa's performance and asked her to resign. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation? A) Melissa had no prior experience in research and development. B) Melissa had weak interpersonal and networking skills to run the project. C) Melissa focused on the results her team achieved rather than how they achieved those results. D) Melissa is not up-to-date about the feasibility of using different modes of renewable energy. E) Melissa had a diverse network of contacts established from her previous job.

answer

B) Melissa had weak interpersonal and networking skills to run the project.

question

Joann Hayes is currently working on a project to tackle climate change. During the project, she needs to find different options to replace the use of non-renewable energy and check the feasibility of different renewable energy options before choosing the most practical one. Which of the following skills does Hayes primarily need to use for these tasks? A) human skills B) interpersonal skills C) conceptual skills D) communication skills E) interactive skills

answer

C) conceptual skills

question

360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong networking and interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen Laura's argument? A) Gaining the support of corporate giants would comprise a large part of the job. B) Jessica will need to prepare extensive reports about the issue of climate change. C) The role will require Jessica to give presentations to environmental experts on renewable modes of energy. D) Jessica had negligible experience in research and development. E) Jessica has weak analytical skills to solve problems associated with implementing options of renewable energy.

answer

A) Gaining the support of corporate giants would comprise a large part of the job.

question

360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would weaken Laura's argument? A) Jessica was unable to fare well in the written test which analyzed her conceptual skills. B) Jessica listened intently to the interviewers' questions before answering them. C) Jessica was unable to communicate clearly why she was right for the job. D) Jessica was very friendly and courteous with the receptionist while greeting her. E) Jessica was high on confidence about getting the job because of her strong networking skills.

answer

C) Jessica was unable to communicate clearly why she was right for the job.

question

According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers involved in traditional management activities undertook which of the following tasks? A) motivating B) socializing C) decision making D) training E) politicking

answer

C) decision making

question

According to Fred Luthans and his associates' study of 450 managers, ________ made the largest contribution to the success of managers in terms of speed of promotion within their organization. A) networking B) decision making C) planning D) controlling E) staffing

answer

A) networking

question

According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers who are involved in networking activities are most likely to undertake which of the following? A) planning B) decision making C) controlling D) politicking E) staffing

answer

D) politicking

question

Which of the following best defines organizational behavior? A) It involves the study of groups of people coming together for collective bargaining. B) It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's output. C) It involves analyzing different people in an industry with independent profit-centered motives. D) It involves developing exclusively the knowledge of managers and senior-level employees. E) It is a field which is not influenced by factors in the external world.

answer

B) It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's output.

question

Which of the following determinants of behavior does organizational behavior study? A) profits B) job satisfaction C) perks D) individuals E) collective bargaining

answer

D) individuals

question

Which of the following does systematic study use to look at relationships to attribute causes and effects? A) intuitive data B) feelings C) scientific data D) instinct E) premonition

answer

C) scientific data

question

Which of the following is true regarding systematic study? A) It attributes causes and effects based on intuition. B) It involves supporting decisions based on gut feelings. C) It analyzes relationships based on previous experiences. D) It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data. E) It involves taking action based on instinct.

answer

D) It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data.

question

In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement intuitive opinions with information derived from ________. A) common sense B) direct observation C) systematic study D) speculation E) organizational theory

answer

C) systematic study

question

Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, all constitute aspects of ________ study. A) organizational B) intuitive C) theoretical D) systematic E) case-based

answer

D) systematic

question

________ refers to basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific proof. A) Emergency management B) Personal knowledge management C) Property management D) Evidence-based management E) Knowledge management

answer

D) Evidence-based management

question

________ refers to a gut feeling not necessarily supported by research. A) Intuition B) Reasoning C) Rationality D) Logic E) Inference

answer

A) Intuition

question

________ seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. A) Meteorology B) Theology C) Epistemology D) Lexicology E) Psychology

answer

E) Psychology

question

Which of the following disciplines blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on people's influence on one another? A) social psychology B) cosmology C) parapsychology D) lexicology E) eschatology

answer

A) social psychology

question

Which of the following is a difference between sociology and psychology? A) Sociology studies humans and animals whereas psychology focuses exclusively on humans. B) Sociology studies people in relation to their social culture whereas psychology focuses on the individual. C) Sociology incorporates research from social sciences, philosophy, and natural sciences; psychology does not. D) Sociology uses various methods of empirical investigation whereas psychology uses limited critical analyses. E) Sociology uses only qualitative techniques whereas psychology uses both qualitative and quantitative techniques.

answer

B) Sociology studies people in relation to their social culture whereas psychology focuses on the individual.

question

________ is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. A) Anthropology B) Deontology C) Epistemology D) Agnotology E) Dysteleology

answer

A) Anthropology

question

Which of the following fields of study is most likely to involve studying organizational culture, formal organization theory, and structure? A) sociology B) deontology C) epistemology D) agnotology E) dysteleology

answer

A) sociology

question

Austin Reed is a graduate student helping to organize a study on individual job satisfaction. The study focuses on the top five causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the job. His department is surveying 200 individuals in 100 different types of organizations. Austin is most likely a graduate student in the department of ________. A) psychology B) anthropology C) political science D) entomology E) archaeology

answer

A) psychology

question

You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. Which faculty member is most likely to furnish information about personality, learning, and motivation? A) sociology B) psychology C) anthropology D) political science E) industrial engineering

answer

B) psychology

question

Myriam is analyzing the gender roles of men and women in management in the United States and comparing them to the gender roles in management in Japan. She is surveying fifty male and fifty female managers in each country to compare their daily behavior. Myriam's study exemplifies how ________ contributes to OB. A) anthropology B) psychology C) archaeology D) political science E) corporate strategy

answer

A) anthropology

question

Which of the following is true regarding contingency variables? A) They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. B) They make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations about concepts in organizational behavior. C) They indicate that everyone is motivated by money and financial perks. D) They refer to scientific factors which are based on universal truths. E) They remain constant irrespective of any change in the environment.

answer

A) They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables.

question

Raymond Mayer is conducting a study on discrimination against campaign activists based on gender. In his study, he noted that male executives who visited Indonesian villages to promote the use of renewable energy received a highly positive response. In contrast, women who visited the same villages received an antagonistic response. However, Mayer stated that his findings only applied to villages. In this study, the presence of a village is considered a ________ variable. A) global B) general C) dependent D) non-reactive E) contingency

answer

E) contingency

question

________ variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. A) Global B) General C) Dependent D) Non-reactive E) Contingency

answer

E) Contingency

question

Which of the following is a result of globalization? A) organizations being bound by national borders B) lower production of goods in developing nations C) highly homogeneous workforce D) shared social value among all cultures E) jobs moving to nations with low-cost labor

answer

E) jobs moving to nations with low-cost labor

question

Managers who oversee the movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor are most likely to ________. A) provide poor customer service B) face opposition from labor groups C) manage a culturally homogeneous workforce D) operate in niche markets E) lose competitive advantage by exporting jobs

answer

B) face opposition from labor groups

question

The bookselling industry was revolutionized by ________. A) Mintzberg's Theory of Management B) evidence-based management C) Luthan's findings on management behavior D) intuition E) the availability of Big Data

answer

E) the availability of Big Data

question

Gould Furniture is one of the leading furniture companies in Indonesia. In the past, the company had a homogeneous workforce of Indonesian employees. The company is desperate to cut operating and manufacturing costs and, hence, is considering outsourcing part of the manufacturing process to low-cost Vietnam. However, local community leaders across the country are strongly opposing this decision. They believe that exporting jobs to other countries is detrimental to their country in every way possible. Which of the following, if true, is the flaw in the local community leaders' opinion? A) The country has one of the lowest rates of employment in Asia. B) Over 85 percent of Indonesia's revenue comes from agriculture. C) The furniture market contributes to 20 percent of deforestation in the country. D) The government of Indonesia provides substantial subsidies to start-up companies. E) Gould Furniture has alliances with local furniture companies in Vietnam.

answer

C) The furniture market contributes to 20 percent of deforestation in the country.

question

________ refers to the heterogeneity of organizations in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups. A) Workforce associability B) Workforce diversity C) Cultural similarity D) Organizational congruity E) Operational homogeneity

answer

B) Workforce diversity

question

By 2020, the 55-and-older age group of the U.S. labor force will represent approximately ________ of the total labor force. A) one-quarter B) one-third C) one-half D) two-thirds E) three-quarters

answer

A) one-quarter

question

A common characteristic of service jobs is that they ________. A) need substantial interaction with an organization's customers B) offer much higher pay in comparison with other non-service jobs C) have fewer working hours than other jobs D) require very little job knowledge compared to other jobs E) provide more perks and benefits to employees

answer

A) need substantial interaction with an organization's customers

question

Which of the following is an example of a position in a service job? A) human resource executive B) administrative executive C) flight attendant D) environmental campaigner E) production line worker

answer

C) flight attendant

question

Which of the following is not a reality for today's workforce? A) Many workers never get away from the virtual workplace. B) Organizations are asking employees to put in longer hours. C) Employees have fewer outside commitments. D) Issues related to well-being have dropped as the number of employees who work at home rises. E) The line between work and non-work time has become blurred.

answer

D) Issues related to well-being have dropped as the number of employees who work at home rises.

question

Recent studies show ________. A) the line between work and non-work is becoming less blurred B) most employees are achieving a better work-life balance C) money and recognition define career success above all else D) the majority of men and women rank autonomy as the number one indicator of career success E) attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal

answer

E) attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal

question

Which of the following terms best describes organizations that allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart? A) networked organizations B) hierarchical organizations C) matrix organizations D) stable organizations E) flat organizations

answer

A) networked organizations

question

Which of the following is the major challenge for managers in a fully networked organization? A) eliminating the need for paper communication by relying entirely on e-mail, file transfers, and the like B) retaining team members who can easily move to another employer when demand for their services changes C) managing contract and temporary workers D) maintaining a "virtual office" through the use of computers, interoffice networks, and the Internet E) managing people who work together but are geographically separated

answer

E) managing people who work together but are geographically separated

question

Christopher Richardson works as a graphic designer in Sydney. He often coordinates with colleagues working in Germany. In addition, he interacts with clients across the globe. Which of the following is most likely to facilitate his communications with clients and colleagues? A) ergonomic cubicle B) lateral thinking C) sensemaking D) systems thinking E) networked organization

answer

E) networked organization

question

Which of the following is a cause of work-life conflicts? A) global organizations B) sensemaking C) privatization of essential industries D) downshifting E) use of self-managed teams

answer

A) global organizations

question

Which of the following is true regarding positive organizational scholarship? A) It involves monitoring negative practices in organizations and rectifying them. B) It deals with how employees should analyze weaknesses and convert them into strengths. C) It studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality, and unlock potential. D) It dwells on limitations that an organization faces and how it can turn them into opportunities. E) It involves scrutinizing loopholes in organizational practices and filling gaps in processes.

answer

C) It studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality, and unlock potential

question

________ is a key independent variable in positive organizational behavior research. A) Engagement B) Apathy C) Despair D) Constraint E) Pessimism

answer

A) Engagement

question

The concept of "reflected best-self" involves ________. A) focusing on eliminating shortcomings to bring out the best in oneself B) making employees aware of their weaknesses and rectifying them C) observing and monitoring drawbacks of a team and then increasing their efficiency with the help of adequate training D) asking employees to think about when they were at their personal best in order to exploit their strengths E) studying industry-wide best practices and then implementing it

answer

D) asking employees to think about when they were at their personal best in order to exploit their strengths

question

Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma? A) Should I work extra hours to complete my assignment? B) Should I e-mail my manager about queries on the project? C) Should I discuss with the management the perks being offered? D) Should I ask my manager for leave during Christmas? E) Should I play politics to advance my career?

answer

E) Should I play politics to advance my career?

question

A(n) ________ is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon. A) model B) input C) process D) outcome E) objective

answer

A) model

question

Which of the following is true regarding models? A) Models propose five types of variables. B) Models proceed from outcomes to processes. C) Models are used only in manufacturing organizations. D) Models proceed from processes to inputs. E) Models show that outcomes can influence inputs in the future.

answer

E) Models show that outcomes can influence inputs in the future.

question

With reference to a basic OB model, ________ are determined in advance of the employment relationship and refer to variables such as personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processes. A) actions B) inputs C) outcome D) processes E) goals

answer

B) inputs

question

Which of the following is an example of an input at an individual level? A) motivation B) moods C) values D) perception E) emotions

answer

C) values

question

An example of an input at an organizational level is ________. A) motivation B) conflict C) power D) communication E) structure

answer

E) structure

question

Which of the following is one of the three variables proposed by a basic OB model which refers to actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs? A) processes B) scrutinization C) planning D) association E) evaluation

answer

A) processes

question

Which of the following is an example of a process at an individual level? A) group cohesion B) values C) decision making D) withdrawal behavior E) power and politics

answer

C) decision making

question

An example of a process at a group level is ________. A) diversity B) communication C) values D) culture E) emotions

answer

B) communication

question

Which of the following is an example of a process at the organizational level? A) attitudes and stress B) withdrawal behavior C) emotions and moods D) change of practices E) team responsibilities

answer

D) change of practices

question

________ is an example of an outcome at the organizational level. A) Profitability B) Diversity C) Personality D) Mood E) Culture

answer

A) Profitability

question

Which of the following is an example of an outcome at an individual level? A) structure B) culture C) politics D) power E) attitude

answer

E) attitude

question

The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called ________ behavior. A) withdrawal B) associative C) networked D) citizenship E) cohesive

answer

D) citizenship

question

Group ________ is the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another at work. A) affect B) associability C) think D) cohesion E) maturity

answer

D) cohesion

question

T/F : In the current competitive workplace, technical skills are the only skills that managers require to be successful.

answer

FALSE

question

T/F : An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people.

answer

TRUE

question

T/F : The planning function involves defining an organization's goals and establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals.

answer

TRUE

question

T/F : A degree in architecture will provide a student with the human skills required for a job.

answer

FALSE

question

T/F : Organizational behavior applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively.

answer

TRUE

question

T/F : Evidence-based management complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence.

answer

TRUE

question

T/F : Psychology contributes to the study of organizational behavior at the macro level whereas anthropology contributes at the micro level.

answer

FALSE

question

T/F : One major study area of social psychology is change, how to implement it, and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance.

answer

TRUE

question

T/F : While sociology focuses on the individual, psychology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture.

answer

FALSE

question

T/F : Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.

answer

TRUE

question

T/F : Entomology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.

answer

FALSE

question

T/F : Human beings are simple in nature and, thus, simple, universal principles explain all kinds of organizational behavior.

answer

FALSE

question

T/F : Organizational behavior cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior or make valid predictions.

answer

FALSE

question

T/F : Managers at global companies have realized that economic values are generally transferable across national boundaries.

answer

FALSE

question

T/F : Workforce diversity refers to how organizations are becoming more homogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity.

answer

FALSE

question

T/F : The job of a guest relations executive at a hotel is a kind of service job.

answer

TRUE

question

T/F : Evidence that an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term is called organizational survival.

answer

TRUE

question

T/F : A way for managers to respond to the problem of unethical behavior is to provide in-house advisors who can be contacted anonymously.

answer

TRUE

question

T/F : The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace is called cohesive behavior.

answer

FALSE

question

T/F : Group functioning refers to the quantity and quality of a group's work output.

answer

TRUE

STUDY

Bring About Change Grade Point Average Management Networks Predict The Outcome Social Networking Site United States

ON COURSE – Flashcard 85 terms

Rebecca Baker

85 terms

Preview

ON COURSE – Flashcard

question

The quality of our lives is determined by the quality of______ we make on a daily basis.

answer

choices

question

When we choose positive beliefs, these lead to positive behaviors. Positive behaviors often lead to positive results that reinforce our positive beliefs, and the cycle begins anew. This sequence is described as the cycle of _______.

answer

success

question

A time-tested tool for designing the life you want to lead is a ________, a written record of your thoughts and feelings about your past, present, and future.

answer

journal

question

People who are strong in the eight qualities shown in the On Course self-assessment tend to make wiser choices at forks in the road than do people who are weak in these qualities. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

Five suggestions to help you create a meaningful journal are (1) be spontaneous; (2) write for yourself; (3) be honest; (4) be creative; and (5) ________.

answer

dive deep

question

To excel as a learner, you need to create as many strong neural networks (connections) in your brain as possible. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

In order to create strong neural networks (connections) in your brain, you've got to __________ the learning process. A. participate actively in B. read about C. remember D. listen to a lecture about

answer

A. participate actively in

question

Brain research reveals that when you connect what you are learning now to previously stored information (e.g., already formed neural networks), you learn the information or skill more slowly and less deeply. TRUE FALSE

answer

False

question

The human brain learns best when learning efforts are done in... A. one long marathon session, using one method of deep processing B. frequent sessions distributed over time using one method of deep processing C. one long marathon session using a variety of deep processing strategies D. frequent sessions distributed over time using a variety of deep processing strategies

answer

D. frequent sessions distributed over time using a variety of deep processing strategies

question

The four components of the CORE Learning System are Collect, Organize, Rehearse, and __________.

answer

Evaluate

question

The soft skills you'll learn in On Course are ideal for succeeding in both college and your career. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

Soft skills may be the skills that determine whether you will keep a job or lose it. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

According to the SCANS report, hard skills are enough to help you get the job of your dreams and keep it. TRUE FALSE

answer

False

question

About what percent of workers today are in jobs that did not exist a few decades ago? A. 10 B. 25 C. 50 D. 75

answer

B. 25

question

According to the SCANS report, employers consider soft skills, like those taught in On Course, to be _________________. A. essential for work world success B.. a nice complement to the truly important hard skills C.. unnecessary for continued job success D. a thing of the past—no one worries about those any longer

answer

A. essential for work world success

question

Self-esteem is the reputation we have with others. TRUE FALSE

answer

False (reputation with ourselves)

question

Self-esteem is strengthened by increased self-acceptance. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

Accepting our weaknesses means ________. A. we are content to stay as we are B. we can now begin to strengthen the things about ourselves that can be changed C. we are weak

answer

B. we can now begin to strengthen the things about ourselves that can be changed

question

Successful people are usually willing to ________. A. admit their personal weaknesses B. set a goal to change C. manage their actions to bring about change D. look at feedback about their efforts to change E. have the courage to change F. do all of the above

answer

F. do all of the above

question

We are born with a certain level of self-esteem, and it remains that way throughout our life. TRUE FALSE

answer

False (We can learn higher self-esteem just as we learned lower self-esteem.)

question

The college catalog, available in the Registrar's office, is your best source of information about your college's general education requirements. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

Your college course load is determined by your GPA at the end of the semester. TRUE FALSE

answer

False

question

The course syllabus given to you by your instructor is a contract for that class. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

As you prepare to cross the border into college, you can use resources to assist you with your journey. Even before you begin classes, you can check out the lay of the land. Which of these sources provides the most reliable information about your college prior to the first day of classes? A. Your brother's girlfriend B. The college catalogue C. Your college roommate, who has attended four other institutions D. The members of your college social networking site

answer

B. The college catalogue

question

You are taking 15 credit hours in the spring semester at your college. Last semester, you successfully completed nine credit hours with two "C's" and a "B." However, you stopped attending six hours (two 3-credit courses) and did not officially withdraw. Which of the following statements is true of you? A. You have two "F's" on your transcript from the last semester. B. You are currently enrolled in a "full class load." C. Your GPA is below a 2.0. D. All of the above

answer

D. All of the above

question

When people create the best life possible given their circumstances, they are acting as ________. A. creators B. victims C. students D. All of the above

answer

A. creators

question

When people allow life to happen to them, they are acting as ________. A. creators B. victims C. students D. None of the above

answer

B. victims

question

When we respond to a stimulus as a Creator we are most likely to ___________. A. seek solutions B. take an action C. try something new D. All of the above

answer

D. All of the above

question

When we respond to a stimulus as a Victim, we are most likely to _______. A. blame B. complain C. excuse D. All of the above

answer

D. All of the above

question

The key ingredient of personal responsibility is choice. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

"I failed because my instructor is terrible" is something that would probably be said by your Inner ________. A. Critic B. Defender C. Guide D. Creator

answer

B. Defender

question

"I'm so stupid, it's no surprise I failed math" is something that would probably be said by your Inner ________. A. Critic B. Defender C. Guide D. Creator

answer

A. Critic

question

When you hear Ownership and an Action Plan, you know you are talking to a Victim. TRUE FALSE

answer

False (Creator)

question

"I was late because I chose to sleep thirty minutes later this morning" is something that would probably be said by your Inner ________. A. Critic B. Defender C. Guide D. Victim

answer

C. Guide

question

"I don't think I'm smart enough to make it in college" is something that would probably be said by your Inner ________. A. Critic B. Defender C. Guide D. Creator

answer

A. Critic

question

What we will experience in five or ten years is greatly affected by the choices we make from here on. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

Your Inner Defender will be of great help as you take the first step of the Wise-Choice Process, which is objectively identifying "What's my situation?" TRUE FALSE

answer

FALSE (Your Inner Guide will best help you define your present situation.)

question

In Step 4 of the Wise-Choice Process, the ideal is to come up with how many possible choices? A. One B. Two C. Three D. As many as possible

answer

D. As many as possible

question

If you can't predict the outcome of one of your possible choices, you should stop and gather more information before making any decisions. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

After implementing your plan, the final step of the Wise-Choice Process is to evaluate the success of your plan. One good way to do this is to compare your new situation with how you would like it to be (as you defined in Step 2). TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

As long as I believe my career success belongs to someone else (like "lousy" bosses), I'm being a Victim, and my success is unlikely. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

Creators know that the foundation of success at work (as in college) is accepting this truth: By our choices, we are each the primary creators of the outcomes and experiences of our lives. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

Victims usually don't explore their career options thoroughly or match career requirements with their own talents and interests, and they make uninformed choices. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

What are the advantages of being a Creator in the workplace? A. Creators bring a positive and productive attitude to the workplace. B. Absenteeism and poor working habits are not problems for Creators. C. These employees get the job and then excel at the job. D. All of the above E. None of the above

answer

D. All of the above

question

Taking responsibility for your work life means _________________________. A. planning your career path to keep your options open and your progress unobstructed B. reacting emotionally to disappointments on the job C. placing responsibility for obstacles on those who are creating them (bosses, coworkers, "the man") D. running with the immediate opportunities that face you, so you won't miss out on them

answer

A. planning your career path to keep your options open and your progress unobstructed

question

According to psychologist Albert Ellis, the following formula explains why people respond differently to the same event: A + B = C. In this formula, "A" stands for the Activating event, and "C" stands for the Consequence (how we feel about the activating event). What does "B" stand for? A. Behaviors B. Beliefs C. Brains D. Brawn

answer

B. Beliefs

question

"I'm stupid" is a typical comment made by an Inner ________.

answer

Critic

question

"He's stupid" is a typical comment made by an Inner ________.

answer

Defender

question

Disputing irrational beliefs is best done by the ________. A. Inner Critic B. Inner Defender C. Inner Guide D. Inner Tube

answer

C. Inner Guide

question

Being able to dispute irrational beliefs will help your self-esteem to grow. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

Reading is one of the most important ways of Collecting knowledge; Collecting knowledge is the first step in the CORE Learning System. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

Active reading is characterized by intense mental engagement that leads to significant neural activity in the brain, assists deep and lasting learning, and leads to high grades. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

When reading actively, the most significant information in the reading is in the Supporting Details. TRUE FALSE

answer

False

question

Good readers don't read words; they read ideas, and ideas are found in chunks (groups of words). TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

Effective highlighting will result in 40 to 50% of a paragraph being marked for review. TRUE FALSE

answer

False

question

In two major surveys, college and university educators identified lack of ____________ as the number one barrier to student success.

answer

motivation

question

According to American College Testing (ACT), in public four-year colleges in the United States about ______ percent of students fail to return for their second year. A. 10 B. 20 C. 33 D. 50

answer

C. 33

question

According to American College Testing (ACT), in public two-year colleges in the United States about ______ percent of students fail to return for their second year. A. 10 B. 20 C. 33 D. 50

answer

D. 50

question

In the formula V x E = Motivation, the letter E stands for ________. A. Energy B. Effort C. Evidence D. Expectation

answer

D. Expectation

question

According to recent U.S. Census Bureau data, how much more do Americans with a four-year college degree earn in their lifetime, on average, than people with a high school degree? A. $400,000 B. $900,000 C. $1,600,000 D. $2,100,000

answer

B. $900,000

question

According to psychologist Brian Tracy, many people resist setting life goals because they don't know how. TRUE FALSE

answer

True

question

A "life role" is an activity to which we regularly devote large amounts of ______ and energy.

answer

time

question

The DAPPS Rule is an acronym, a memory device to assist us in remembering the five qualities of an effective ________.

answer

goals

question

The five letters in DAPPS stand for Dated, Achievable, Personal, Positive, and ________. [Capitalize the word]

answer

Specific

question

Which of the following is the most effective goal, according to the DAPPS Rule? A. Do well academically this semester. B. Work hard to get good grades. C. Achieve a grade point average of 3.5 or better this semester. D. Have more fun.

answer

C. Achieve a grade point average of 3.5 or better this semester.

question

A _________ is an unbending intention, a single-mindedness of purpose that promises to overcome all obstacles regardless of how you may feel at any particular moment.

answer

commitment

question

When it comes to accomplishing goals and dreams, commitment creates _________.

answer

method

question

Because of his commitment to return to Hawaii to visit his new girl friend, the author earned money for the trip by selling magazine subscriptions door to door. TRUE FALSE

answer

FALSE

question

Cathy Turner used visualizations to help her win two Olympic gold medals in speed skating. TRUE FALSE

answer

TRUE

question

Which of the following is NOT a key to effective visualizing? A. Relaxing B. Using present tense verbs C. Being specific D. Feeling your feelings E. Listening to your favorite music

answer

E. Listening to your favorite music

question

Designing my career path has nothing to do with writing goals. TRUE FALSE

answer

FALSE

question

A motivating career goal need not have the DAPPS qualities. TRUE FALSE

answer

FALSE

question

To stay self-motivated, you'll want to match your career choice and college major with your parents' recommendations and desired income level. TRUE FALSE

answer

FALSE

question

Once you have begun your career, you ____________________________________. A. will continue to find self-motivating strategies helpful B. will no longer need to use your Life Plan (you've arrived) C. will never be asked to set goals or create work plans D. All of the above E. None of the above

answer

A. will continue to find self-motivating strategies helpful

question

Some of the most motivated students we see in college are those who view college as ______________________________. A. an easy way to fill the time until they determine what they "really" want to do B. the way to win the heart of someone they love C. the next logical step on the path to their career goals D. a way to win their parents' approval

answer

C. the next logical step on the path to their career goals

question

As adults, we must depend on others to tell us what we should believe about ourselves. TRUE FALSE

answer

FALSE

question

A personal ________ is a statement about ourselves in which we claim our desired qualities as if we already had them in abundance

answer

affirmation

question

If your affirmation seems like a lie, remind yourself that when you say your affirmation, you are prematurely telling the ___________.

answer

truth

question

If you want to strengthen your affirmation, which of the following would you NOT do? A. Realize that you already possess the qualities you desire B. Listen to your Inner Critic C. Repeat your affirmation over and over as a reminder D. Make choices consistent with your affirmation qualities

answer

B. Listen to your Inner Critic

question

If you want to further strengthen your affirmation, which of the following would you NOT do? A. Criticize other people before they criticize you B. Be careful about the words you use to describe yourself C. Say your affirmation when life tests you and then act consistently with your affirmation qualities D. Record your affirmation on a 3-minute loop tape and listen to it often

answer

A. Criticize other people before they criticize you

question

In the pursuit of a 4-year degree, students spend nearly 400 hours in a formal classroom. TRUE FALSE

answer

TRUE

question

The goal of taking notes is to get down "everything that the instructor says." TRUE FALSE

answer

FALSE

question

Victims allow wandering thoughts to sabotage their learning. TRUE FALSE

answer

TRUE

question

In a study by Kiewra, it was found that lecture notes taken by first-year students contain, on average, only _______________of the critical ideas presented during a class. A. four or five B. 11 percent C. 75 percent D. half E. the first and last

answer

B. 11 percent

question

When taking notes in the class of a speed-talker, what can you do to be a speed-note-taker? A. Condense: listen for a minute, note the key concept or main idea, then paraphrase in your own words B. Leave blank spaces for missed material—you can get with a classmate after class to fill in the blanks C. Create your own personal shorthand--use a system of abbreviations D. All of the above E. None of the above

answer

D. All of the above

STUDY

Bring About Change Introductory Sociology Official Poverty Line Social Problems Sociology Uniform Crime Report

Social problems exam 1 – Flashcards 121 terms

Charles Clay

121 terms

Preview

Social problems exam 1 – Flashcards

question

According to sociologists, the definition of violence includes pain or injury to other people or damage of property

answer

question

What constitutes a social problem remains constant across time

answer

question

To be defined as a social problem, a condition or pattern of behaivor must affect all members of a population

answer

question

A subjective awareness that a social problem exists usually emerges before the objective reality of the problem is acknowledged

answer

question

The functionalist perspective would attribute social problems to the unequal distribution of resources in society

answer

question

Conflict theorists focus on inequalities in society

answer

question

Labeling theory and the social construction of reality are value conflict perspectives

answer

question

The type of research method used depends on the nature of the study in question

answer

question

It is logical to conclude that one has to be in a position of power in order to discriminate

answer

question

According to C. Wright Mills, in order to understand a phenomenon in question in its entirety, it is important to bridge the mico-macro aspects of society

answer

question

In high income nations such as the US, most people have similar life chances

answer

question

Karl Marx believed that inequality and poverty were inevitable by-products of the exploitation of workers by capitalists

answer

question

Income is the economic gain derived from wages, salaries, income transfers, or ownership of property

answer

question

Today, more than 1.4 billion people live in absolute poverty

answer

question

The US poverty line is primarily based on a low-cost food budget for a family

answer

question

The amount of low income housing has increased significantly in recent years due to programs such as Habitat for Humaity and federal housing initiatives

answer

question

Countries with relatively low income levels, high rates of absolute poverty, low life expectancy, and high infant mortality rates are low income nations

answer

question

The feminization of poverty refers to the trend whereby women are disproportionately representative

answer

question

Class systems contribute to social stratification

answer

question

Which of the following statement most accurately describes class inequality in the US?

answer

Despite the american Dream, The Us remains highly stratified

question

Which of the following statements most accurately describes class inequality in the United States?

answer

Despite the American Dream, the U.S. remains highly stratified.

question

The vast majority of poor people in the United States are

answer

women and children.

question

Most researchers argue that the most frequent cause of homelessness is

answer

Poverty and jobloss

question

The practice used by people who view a social problem as emanating from within the individual exhibiting the problem is known as

answer

Blaming the victim

question

Oscar Lewis's idea that some poor people develop a separate and self-perpetuating system of attitudes and behaviors that keeps them trapped in poverty is known as

answer

The culture of poverty hypothsis

question

Which of the following initiatives created farm subsidies, minimum wage standards, and the Social Security system?

answer

Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal in the 1930s

question

Which one of the following is most likely to fall into poverty?

answer

single female-headed families

question

Which of the following perspectives asserts that poverty-related problems can be reduced by strengthening our major social institutions?

answer

Functionalist perspective

question

Conflict theorists would suggest that

answer

The problem of poverty can only be solved by reducing inequality

question

The decrease in take-home pay of workers since the 1980s is also known as

answer

wage squeeze

question

James is a high school graduate and semiskilled laborer who is going back to school to attain his associate's degree. James is trying to improve his

answer

Human capital

question

Discrimination deals with one's actions, while prejudice deals with one's attitude.

answer

question

Race is biological, while ethnicity is cultural.

answer

question

According to the text, government racial and ethnic classifications have been used exclusively for the purpose of gathering data for the U.S. census.

answer

question

Subordinate groups need not necessarily be a numerical minority

answer

question

Mortgage lenders who are more likely to grant bank loans to whites than to people of color are engaging in institutional discrimination.

answer

question

Actions or practices of dominant group members that have a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups are referred to as

answer

Discrimination

question

Which of the following groups is an example of an ethnic group?

answer

Italian Americans

question

Teaching school children that their own school and country are the best is an example

answer

Ethnocentrism

question

Racism in the United States is sometimes referred to as

answer

White racism

question

A mindset characterized by excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance

answer

Authoritarian personality

question

Which theorists explain racial and ethnic inequality in terms of economic stratification and access to power?

answer

Conflict theorists

question

According to the gendered racism perspective

answer

Women of color have been uniquely affected by the interactive effect of racism and sexism

question

The first Asians to arrive in the United States in sizable numbers were from

answer

China

question

The "Jim Crow" laws designed to enforce the physical and social separation of African Americans from whites in all areas of public life after 1863 were examples of

answer

De jure segregation

question

The largest subordinate racial-ethnic group in the U.S. is

answer

Hispanic Americans

question

Which of the following would assert that discriminated-against individuals and groups are at least partly responsible for their own subordination because of decisions they make along

answer

Functionalist theorists

question

Which of the following would view families, schools, and churches as being key institutions that should encourage minority acceptance of dominant U.S. cultural patterns?

answer

Functionalist theorists

question

Which of the following emphasize that solutions to the problem of inequality will be found only through government programs that specifically attack racial inequality and actively reduce patterns of discrimination?

answer

Conflict theorists

question

Which of the following purport that prejudice and discrimination are learned and

answer

Symbolic interactionist theorists

question

Conflict perspectives on racial and ethnic inequality are based on the assumption

answer

Economic stratification and unequal access to power place minority group members at a distince disadvantage as compared to dominant group members

question

The U.S. has been compared to a salad bowl, one dish made up of individual ingredients, in order to explain a contemporary society where different cultures blend yet still retain their essential uniqueness. Which of the following processes does this comparison define?

answer

Ethnic pluralism

question

Functionalists, conflict theorists, and symbolic interactionists would all agree that

answer

The US population is becoming increasingly diverse at a rapid rate

question

The study of human society and social interactions

answer

Sociology

question

Individuals sharing geographic area and culture

answer

Society

question

Knowledge, values, customs, material objects passed to person to person

answer

Culture

question

Social condition/pattern of behavior that harms some or all people in a society, causes public concern and action for change

answer

Social problem

question

Connect private problems to public issues shift focus to a larger social context

answer

Sociological imagination

question

Logically related statements that attempt to describe, explain, or predict social events *viewing society as a sociological perspective

answer

Theory

question

Macrolevel, parts that work together to maintain stability, results from dysfunctional acts and institutions solution: strengthen social institutions

answer

Funtionalist perspective

question

Macrolevel, characterized by conflict and inequality, lack of agreement on values. Focuses on race, gender, class Solution: reform political and economic institutions to change inequality

answer

Conflict perspective

question

Micolevel, society is the sum of interactions between groups and individuals. Social problems are based on the behavior people learn from others. Based on subjective problems Solution: change societal values which encourage violence

answer

Symbolic interactionist perspective

question

Used to collect data about society

answer

Research methods

question

uses numbers

answer

Quantitative

question

Uses words

answer

Qualitative

question

Observe in a natural setting

answer

Field research

question

Ask series of questions (most frequently used), target small group that are representatives of a larger group

answer

Survey

question

USe already existing data, has no contact examples: records, census bureau data Content analysis-examination of documents ex tv programming, lyrics to songs

answer

Secondary analysis

question

Small relations

answer

Micro level

question

Occurring at societal levels

answer

Macro level

question

Highly industrialized economy, high income ex. canada, Japan and US

answer

High income nations

question

Agrarian-- to industrial economy ex. Columbia, guatemala and peru

answer

Middle income nations

question

Agrarian economy ex. Africa

answer

Low income nations

question

Gap between rich and poor is increasing Life indicators: health, life expectancy and sanitation

answer

Global disperity

question

Having access to important resources ex. food, shelter, healthcare, sanitation 1.4 billion absolute poverty

answer

Life chances

question

Hierarchy of social groups, some groups control more resources US Stratification has changed Gap: have and have nots increasing Life chances for poor is decreasing

answer

Social stratification

question

Undiminsional approach, class position determined by relationship to means of production in capitalist society

answer

Karl Marx

question

Multidiminsional approach Wealth, power and prestige

answer

Max Weber

question

value of assets

answer

Wealth

question

achivement

answer

Power

question

Respect and esteem from others

answer

Prestige

question

Class criteria, ownership of means of production, purchase of labor, control of labor and sale of labor

answer

Erik Wright

question

Value of economic assets, unevenly distributed, poorest 20% have no wealth, min less wealth

answer

Wealth

question

Economic gain from salaries and wages big gap between high and low, medium income of blacks lower than whites

answer

Income

question

Wealthy, most powerful ex. investors and heirs

answer

Upper class

question

Control production in society

answer

Upper-middle class

question

White collar, middle management

answer

Middle class

question

Semiskilled and nonmanual positions ex. daycare workers and cashiers

answer

Working class

question

Work full time ex. unskilled, low paid positions

answer

Working poor

question

20% of US population, negative net worth (owe more than they make)

answer

Chronically poor

question

% below poverty line 14.3 in 2009 Market basket- food budget x 3

answer

Poverty rate

question

Who is Poor?

answer

2/3 women and households headed by women

question

Women experience poverty at far higher rates than men

answer

Feminization of poverty

question

Consequences of poverty

answer

limited access to healthcare inadequate nutrition--> med probs hard to find cheap housing Reduced edu programs

question

Assistance programs for housing, health, education and income

answer

Welfare state

question

Explanations of poverty

answer

Individual- laziness, human capital, blaming the victim Cultural- cultural deficiency, culture of poverty, cultural capital Structural- economy puts people in poverty

question

Solutions to poverty: Functionalist Conflict Symbolic interactionist

answer

Functionalist- strengthen social institutions Conflict- reduce gender, race and class inequality Symbolic interactionist- reduce stigma, change how we view society

question

Differs because of a gene

answer

Race

question

Category singled out as inferior or superior determined by physical characteristics (skin, hair, eye shape)

answer

Racial group

question

Distinguished culturally

answer

Ethnic group

question

Advantaged, superior resources and rights, be determined by: race, ethnicity, gender, sex orientation ex. White skin privilege

answer

Dominant

question

Disadvantaged, unequal treatment, prejudice or discrimination

answer

Subordinate

question

Beliefs and practices which justify unequal treatment of racial and ethnic groups White racism is present in US and denies people of color opportunities

answer

Racism

question

Negative attitudes toward a group- based on faulty generalizations, stems from ethnocentrism (one's group is superior), influenced by stereotypes

answer

Prejudice

question

one's group is better

answer

Ethnocentrism

question

Over generalizations about all members of a group

answer

Stereotypes

question

Individual- 1 on 1 by dominant to subordinate Institutional- day to day practices of institutions impact on subordinate

answer

Discrimination

question

Sociological Perspectives on race

answer

Social psychological perspective: Frustration-aggression hypothesis- individuals who are unable to achieve a set goal become frustrated Authoritarian Personality- tendency to be more prejudice

question

Symbolic Interactionist

answer

Racial Socialization: -Process of social interaction containing messages about one's racial/ethnic group - can be direct via contact with parents, peers, teachers, others - also indiectly through media

question

Functionalist

answer

Focus on social order and stability as being important Assimilation- process where subordinate group members become absorbed in dominant culture, seen by functionlists as stabilizing Anglo-conformity model

question

Functionalist continued

answer

Ethnic pluralism- diverse racial and ethnic groups coexist, maintain separate identities and cultures Segregation- separation of people, based on class, gender, religion ect

question

Conflict

answer

Class perspectives: African Americans were enslaved;were the cheapest workers Contemporary theory- split-labor market theory: US divided into 2 sectors

question

Conflict continued

answer

Gendered Racism- interaction of gender and race resulting in exploitation of woman of color Internal colonialism- members of a racial/ethnic group are placed under control of the dominant group

question

Conflict continued

answer

Theory of racial formation: Gov has large role in defining racial and ethnic relations Policies and actions placing one group sin a subordinate position Immigration and naturalization laws- influence relations between racial and ethnic groups

question

Pop of 15 mill when columbus arrived in 1492 White eros conquered and colonized the Native Americans (genocide) 1830- Indian Removal Act passed

answer

Native Americans

question

First brought to North America as slaves in 1619 Slavery established in 1863 South-De jure segregation North-De facto segregation Civil rights Acts of 1964 and 1965 ended de jure segregation

answer

African Americans

question

Puerto Rico became a US possession in 1917; citizens allowed migration to US Refugees immigrated to US from Cua to flee from Fidel Castro Mexicans have immigrated to the US as agricultural workers

answer

Latinos (Hispanic Americans)

question

Came to America in 1850-1880 Japanese immigrants forced into internment camps during WWII Many immigrants have come recently form other parts

answer

Asian and Pacific Americans

question

Functionalist solutions to inequality

answer

Restructure social institutions

question

Conflict solutions to inequality

answer

Struggle and Political Action

question

Interactionist solutions to inequality

answer

Teach cultural diversity to unlearn prejudice and discrimination

STUDY

Bring About Change Linguistics Part Time Jobs Public Speaking Questions To Ask Send And Receive Wear And Tear

MAN3025 Exam 4 (Ch 15) Flashcards 63 terms

Joseph Fraser

63 terms

Preview

MAN3025 Exam 4 (Ch 15) Flashcards

question

Which of the following is NOT part of listening-centered communication? A. Summarize what you believe the other person has said. B. Pay attention to the words spoken. C. Ask the other person to stop speaking when you disagree so that you may provide your counterargument. D. Ask questions to try to better understand. E. Only offer answers after the other person agrees that you understand her point of view.

answer

C. Ask the other person to stop speaking when you disagree so that you may provide your counterargument.

question

Communication is A. speaking or writing so that another is able to comprehend the meaning. B. interpretation of messages sent via any media. C. the combined activities of speaking and listening. D. the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another. E. a process involving only the sender, message, and receiver.

answer

D. the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another.

question

When your intended message is sent accurately in the least amount of time, you are a(n) A. economical communicator. B. efficient communicator. C. formal communicator. D. collaborative communicator. E. effective communicator.

answer

B. efficient communicator.

question

Which of the following is NOT an element of the communication model? A. Sender B. Feedback C. Decoder D. Noise E. Message

answer

C. Decoder

question

The process of translating a message into understandable symbols or language is called A. encoding. B. transforming. C. mediating. D. decoding. E. enriching.

answer

A. encoding

question

When the band came out on stage and the lead singer shouted, "Hello, Orlando!" the crowd roared with applause. This is an example of A. decoding. B. medium selection. C. noise. D. encoding. E. feedback.

answer

E. feedback.

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of noise in the communication process in a typical classroom? A. A student in the back of the classroom texting a friend B. Groundskeepers mowing the lawn outside the classroom window C. A student responding to a professor's request for questions D. Uncomfortable classroom desks E. An attractive person walking by the open classroom door

answer

C. A student responding to a professor's request for questions

question

Which of the following is a step in the communication process? A. Noise is eliminated from the message B. The sender decodes the message C. Possible receivers are considered D. The message is transmitted through a medium E. The receiver selects medium

answer

D. The message is transmitted through a medium

question

A(n) ______ form of media allows receivers to observe multiple cues, such as body language and tone of voice, and allows senders to get feedback. A. encoded B. rich C. dense D. complex E. formal

answer

B. rich

question

Which of the following is the most appropriate media for a manager advising employees of a revision to the company's bonus structure? A. E-mail to all those affected B. Telephone call to each C. Posting an announcement near the office coffee machine D. Face-to-face meeting E. Personal note to each

answer

D. Face-to-face meeting

question

Of the following, which medium is the richest? A. Company newsletter B. Telephone C. E-mail D. Memos E. Videoconferencing

answer

E. Videoconferencing

question

Of the following, which medium is the least rich? A. Flier on a bulletin board B. Instant messaging on the Internet C. E-mail D. Handwritten notes E. Conference telephone calls

answer

A. Flier on a bulletin board

question

A manager wants to tell employees that the quarterly project management training will start on April 12th, about two months from now. Generally, which of the following should the manager use? A. Videoconferencing B. Telephone C. Personal notes D. Face-to-face meeting E. Newsletter

answer

E. Newsletter

question

Executives at Raytron Industries want to let middle managers know that the company is going to be acquired by its largest competitor. Assuming any of the following are possible, how should executives communicate this? A. Send a memo to all managers B. Call a meeting of managers C. Post a notice on all bulletin boards D. Send an e-mail to all managers E. Schedule a conference phone call

answer

B. Call a meeting of managers

question

Samantha wanted to tell her employee about the seminar, but she put the flier in a stack of papers and forgot about it until after the deadline to sign up. This is an example of what type of barrier to communication? A. Sender barrier B. Encoding barrier C. Medium barrier D. Feedback barrier E. Receiver barrier

answer

A. Sender barrier

question

Yelena worked on a global team for an American company, and all her work had to be completed in her second language, English. Sometimes her teammates misinterpreted her meaning. This is an example of a(n) ______ barrier to communication. A. decoding B. sender C. feedback D. receiver E. encoding

answer

E. encoding

question

Rolando was in meetings all day and didn't get a chance to check his email before he had to pick up his children from daycare, so he missed an important message from a client. This is an example of what type of barrier to communication? A. Medium barrier B. Decoding barrier C. Feedback barrier D. Receiver barrier E. Encoding barrier

answer

D. Receiver barrier

question

Odiche works part-time in a smoothie shop. With all the blenders, sometimes the noise prevents him from correctly hearing the customer orders. This is an example of a(n) ______ barrier to communication. A. feedback B. semantic C. personal D. encoding E. physical

answer

E. physical

question

Dianne, located in Michigan, needs to communicate with Henning, who is in Oslo, Norway, about a project they are working on. Henning has perfect command of English, but they are still facing a(n) ______ barrier to communication. A. semantic B. personal C. encoding D. medium E. physical

answer

E. physical

question

The study of the meaning of words is called A. jargon. B. lexicography. C. rhetoric. D. semantics. E. cartology.

answer

D. semantics.

question

______ is likely to cause a semantic barrier to communication. A. Jargon B. Technology C. Gossip D. The grapevine E. Rhetoric

answer

A. Jargon

question

Which of the following is NOT a personal barrier to communication? A. A small vocabulary B. Obsolete technology C. Lack of credibility D. Different frame of reference E. Large ego

answer

B. Obsolete technology

question

Andrew was so mad that his boss Beth brought up an idea he gave her earlier that he couldn't even think about what his colleagues were now saying in the meeting. This is an example of which personal barrier to communication? A. Tendency to judge others' messages B. Variable skills in communicating effectively C. Oversized ego D. Inability to listen with understanding E. Variation in interpreting information

answer

C. Oversized ego

question

The statement, "Single old ladies are cat people," reflects a(n) A. accepted generalization. B. stereotype. C. finding of the grapevine. D. type of jargon. E. statement of fact.

answer

B. stereotype.

question

Which of the following is NOT a way in which nonverbal communication is expressed? A. Writing a thank you note B. Making someone wait an hour in the lobby C. Looking away while talking to someone D. Grimacing E. Touching someone's shoulder

answer

A. Writing a thank you note

question

Most people tend to ______ when conveying bad news or negative feedback. A. smile B. avoid eye contact C. nod their heads D. lean forward E. yawn

answer

B. avoid eye contact

question

Which of the following is a "don't" when attempting to improve communication? A. Occasionally nod in agreement B. Lean toward the speaker C. Speak in a quiet, reassuring tone D. Smile and show animation E. Close your eyes

answer

E. Close your eyes

question

Which of the following is a "do" when attempting to improve communication? A. Close your eyes B. Smile C. Look away from the speaker D. Speak very slowly E. Turn away from the speaker

answer

B. Smile

question

Compared to women, men tend to A. give more tactful feedback. B. indicate their uncertainties. C. be indirect when admitting fault. D. pay more compliments. E. make more apologies.

answer

C. be indirect when admitting fault.

question

According to Deborah Tannen, men are more likely than women to A. pay more compliments. B. temper criticism with praise. C. ask more questions. D. apologize frequently. E. boast about achievements.

answer

E. boast about achievements.

question

Ginger, a marketing manager, uses a sports car metaphor to explain a concept to her male counterpart in accounting. She is said to be A. emasculating. B. wordsmithing. C. genderflexing. D. miscommunicating. E. ingratiating.

answer

C. genderflexing.

question

Channels of communications that follow the chain of command and are considered as official are termed A. formal. B. prescribed. C. vertical. D. horizontal. E. external.

answer

A. formal.

question

Which of the following indicates how official communications should be routed? A. Grapevine B. Organization chart C. Lateral networks D. Corporate culture E. Personnel files

answer

B. Organization chart

question

A manager who is directing her subordinate about work tasks is communicating A. vertically. B. horizontally. C. externally. D. through the grapevine. E. informally.

answer

A. vertically

question

The more management levels through which a message passes A. the more important the message is. B. the higher the chance the message will become external. C. the more informal the organization. D. the more distorted the message may become. E. the more disorganized the organization.

answer

D. the more distorted the message may become.

question

Executives at Absolute Measurements, Inc. disseminated a new five-year strategic plan to managers. This is an example of A. external communication. B. downward communication. C. corporate communication. D. horizontal communication. E. informal communication.

answer

B. downward communication.

question

Kyung, a marketing manager, shares some of the market research his department has analyzed with the research and development group. Kyung is communicating A. by wandering around. B. upward. C. horizontally. D. through the grapevine. E. externally.

answer

C. horizontally.

question

Shortly after the end of the fiscal year, Zion Specialties released an earnings report to shareholders. This is an example of communicating A. vertically. B. upward. C. horizontally. D. downward. E. externally.

answer

E. externally.

question

______ communication channels develop outside the organizational structure and do not follow the chain of command. A. Customary B. Vertical C. Horizontal D. Informal E. External

answer

D. Informal

question

Gossip and rumor in an organization are part of the ______, which itself is a type of ______ communication channel. A. organization chart; horizontal B. culture; horizontal C. organization chart; informal D. grapevine; horizontal E. grapevine; informal

answer

E. grapevine; informal

question

The grapevine is A. a horizontal communication channel. B. almost wholly inaccurate. C. slower than formal channels. D. used by employees to acquire most of their on-the-job information. E. a morale enhancer.

answer

D. used by employees to acquire most of their on-the-job information.

question

A manager who literally wanders around her organization and talks with people across all lines of authority is doing A. COO. B. MBWA. C. MBO. D. TQM. E. JIT.

answer

B. MBWA.

question

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the Millennial generation? A. Desire to accept facts and authority at face value B. Desire to experience new and different things C. Desire to have personalized products and choice D. Desire to keep things moving and interesting E. Desire to have instant feedback

answer

A. Desire to accept facts and authority at face value

question

Using video and audio links along with computers to allow people at different locations to see, hear, and talk with each other is called A. telecommuting. B. collaborative computing. C. videoconferencing. D. telecollaborating. E. using the extranet.

answer

C. videoconferencing.

question

Which of the following is true of telecommuting? A. Increased capital costs B. Attractive to people with high social needs C. Makes recruiting more difficult D. Increased turnover E. Increased ability to hire nontraditional workers, such as prisoner inmates

answer

E. Increased ability to hire nontraditional workers, such as prisoner inmates

question

______ can be quite expensive, requiring a specially designed room with multiple cameras and high-definition video screens. A. Telepresence technology B. Telecommuting C. Videoconferencing D. Teleworking E. Netconferencing

answer

A. Telepresence technology

question

The key to protecting digital communication systems against fraud, hackers, identity theft, and other threats is A. using file-sharing services. B. hiring ethical employees. C. creating a well-funded IT department. D. using prevention techniques like strong passwords. E. minimizing turnover.

answer

D. using prevention techniques like strong passwords.

question

When thieves use your name and good credit rating to get cash or buy things, it is known as A. personal data theft. B. credit mishandling. C. identity theft. D. credit exploitation. E. misuse of standing.

answer

C. identity theft.

question

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of e-mail? A. The sheer number that must be handled by the average worker B. Decrease in other forms of communication, like greetings C. Emotions are often poorly communicated D. Considered rude to use in crowded places E. The greater the use of email, the less connected coworkers feel

answer

D. Considered rude to use in crowded places

question

Which of the following is appropriate for workplace e-mail? A. Editing another's e-mail when replying B. Complicated topics C. Jokes D. Informality and grammar errors E. Sensitive personal issues

answer

A. Editing another's e-mail when replying

question

Generally, people comprehend about ______ of a typical verbal message. A. 5% B. a third C. half D. two thirds E. all

answer

B. a third

question

The average speaker communicates about ______ as many words as the average listener can process. A. one fourth B. half C. about D. twice E. four times

answer

A. one fourth

question

What do good listeners do during the information gap between what someone says and how fast we process? A. Daydream B. Decide what they will say next C. Think about other things D. Mentally summarize what's been said E. Make a convincing argument against what is being said

answer

D. Mentally summarize what's been said

question

Which of the following is NOT a suggestion that may help you be a good listener? A. Memorize the details B. Ask questions C. Summarize remarks D. Judge content, not delivery E. Give a fair hearing

answer

A. Memorize the details

question

Speed reading works well for material that is A. jargon-laden. B. unfamiliar. C. easy. D. dense. E. complicated

answer

C. easy.

question

Top-down reading strategies include which of the following? A. Read everything you can that is related to your industry. B. Formulate specific questions you want the reading to answer. C. Summarize findings for your subordinates. D. Get deeply into the details, where the meat of most writing is. E. Test yourself on what you've read.

answer

B. Formulate specific questions you want the reading to answer.

question

If you want your writing to establish a common ground with the reader and make your overall argument stronger, you should order your arguments from A. negative to positive. B. most important to least important. C. least controversial to most controversial. D. least important to most important. E. positive to negative.

answer

A. negative to positive.

question

When you want your reader to take a logical and fairly nonpolitical action, you should order ideas in your writing from A. least controversial to most controversial. B. least important to most important. C. negative to positive. D. positive to negative. E. most important to least important.

answer

E. most important to least important.

question

Carter wants to change the CEO's mind about seeking an outside firm to which they could outsource the customer service function. He decides to write a proposal, including a variety of arguments to support his idea. Here, Carter should order his ideas from A. most important to least important. B. least controversial to most controversial. C. negative to positive. D. positive to negative. E. least important to most important.

answer

B. least controversial to most controversial.

question

Which of the following is a tip for writing more effectively? A. Use passive voice. B. Construct interesting, complex sentences. C. Don't use italics or bolding in business writing. D. Start by telling what you expect of the reader. E. Use narrow margins.

answer

D. Start by telling what you expect of the reader.

question

A study conducted by AT&T and Stanford University found that the top predictor of success and professional upward mobility was A. intelligence. B. writing ability. C. integrity. D. interpersonal skills. E. public speaking ability.

answer

E. public speaking ability.

question

The introduction to a business speech should A. contain at least one joke. B. get right to the point. C. contain a phrase like, "I'm honored to be here." D. contain significant details of the presentation. E. contain an unrelated story to catch the interest of the audience.

answer

B. get right to the point.

question

Which of the following is NOT appropriate to include in the conclusion of a speech? A. A signal phrase to cue listeners about the wind-up B. Details you forgot from earlier C. A call to action D. "Thank you" E. A little upbeat story

answer

B. Details you forgot from earlier

STUDY

Bring About Change Health Promotion And Disease Prevention Health Psychology Health Related Problems High Risk Groups Public Health Trends Over Time

Microbiology Exam 4 Terms – Flashcards 29 terms

James Hopper

29 terms

Preview

Microbiology Exam 4 Terms – Flashcards

question

Define Epidemiology

answer

The study of the frequency and distribution of diseases i the population

question

What are the two categories of diseases that are transmitted from one person to another?

answer

Communicable; contagious

question

Which disease type has secondary cases resulting in longer epidemics?

answer

Communicable

question

What are noncommunicable diseases?

answer

Diseases that are not transmitted from one person to another

question

Give an example of a communicable or contagious disease

answer

Measles, colds, influenza

question

Give an example of noncommunicable disease

answer

Pneumonia, botulism, staphylococcal food poisoning

question

Define endemic rate.

answer

Diseases that occur in any population at a normal rate

question

When is a disease classified as an epidemic?

answer

If the number of disease cases increases above its endemic rate

question

What is a local epidemic called?

answer

An outbreak

question

What is a pandemic?

answer

A worldwide epidemic

question

In what rate is epidemiologic data expressed?

answer

the number of cases (numerator) per unit of population (denominator)

question

What is the attack rate?

answer

Cases per exposed population

question

What is the morbidity rate?

answer

Nonfatal cases per population

question

What is the mortality rate?

answer

Fatal cases per population

question

Define incidence.

answer

New cases per population over a time period (day, week, month, year)

question

Define prevalence.

answer

Total cases per population at one point in time

question

What must all infections disease have?

answer

A reservoir

question

Describe direct transmission

answer

Contact between the source and case

question

Describe indirect transmission

answer

Through fomites

question

Describe droplet (respiratory tract) transmission

answer

Organism is in a droplet of saliva and mucous; settles quickly and spreads about 3 feet

question

Describe airborne transmission

answer

Organism stays suspended in air (tuberculosis)

question

Describe vertical transmission

answer

Transfer of infection from the mother to the fetus before or during birth or breastfeeding. Can be transplacental or ascending,through the vagina

question

What is the an incubation period?

answer

The period between exposure and disease.

question

Does a lower or higher infectious does cause more cases?

answer

Lower

question

What are some epidemiologic factors that contribute to the contraction of a disease

answer

Physiologic factors and general health: stress, malnutrition, crowding, underlying disease.
Age, gender
Cultural factors: exposure to risk by behavior
Genetic factors

question

What type of information do Infection disease investigators collect?

answer

Where and when each case occurred (person, place, and time)

question

What are nosocomial infections?

answer

Infections acquired while staying at a hospital

question

What percent of nosocomial infections are acquired through the: urinary tract, surgical wound, lower respiratory, bloodstream.

answer

50%, 25%, 12%, 6%

question

List 3 infection prevention strategies

answer

Handwashing, Barrier precautions, cleaning, disinfection, sterilization

STUDY

AP Biology Biology Bring About Change Evolutionary Biology Nervous Tissue Three Domains Of Life

AP Biology: Ch 1 A View of Life – Mader – Flashcards 60 terms

Kenneth Wheeler

60 terms

Preview

AP Biology: Ch 1 A View of Life – Mader – Flashcards

question

adaptation

answer

Species's modification in structure, function, or behavior that makes a species more suitable to its environment.

question

animal

answer

Multicelluar, heterotrophic eukaryote that undergoes development to achieve its final form. In general, mobile organisms, characterized by the presence of muscular and nervous tissue.

question

binomial nomenclature

answer

scientific name of an organism, the first part of which designates the genus and the second part of which designates the specific epithet

question

biodiversity

answer

total number of species, the variability of their genes, and the communities in which they live

question

biology

answer

the branch of science that is concerned with the study of life and living organsms

question

biosphere

answer

zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the Earth in which living organisms are found

question

cell

answer

the smallest unit of life that displays all the properties of life; composed of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane

question

class

answer

one of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the order level

question

community

answer

assemblage of species interacting with one another within the same environment

question

conclusion

answer

sample that goes through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the variable being tested; a standard against which the results of an experiment are checked

question

control

answer

sample that goes through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the variable being tested; a standard against which the results of an experiment are checked

question

data

answer

facts or information collected through observation and/or experimentation

question

deductive reasoning

answer

the use of general principles to predict specific outcomes; often uses "if ... then" statements

question

domain

answer

largest of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

question

domain Archaea

answer

one of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that often live in extreme habitats and have unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics; its members are sometimes referred to as archaea

question

domain Bacteria

answer

one of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that differ from archaea because they have their own unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics

question

domain Euakrya

answer

one of the three domains of life, consisting of organisms with eukaryotic cells; includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals

question

ecosystem

answer

biological community together with the associated abiotic environment; characterized by a flow of energy and a cycling of inorganic nutrients

question

emergent property

answer

a function or trait that appears as biological complexity increases

question

energy

answer

capacity to do work and bring about change; occurs in a variety of forms

question

eukaryote

answer

type of cell that has a membrane-bounded nucleus and membranous organelles; found in organisms within the domain Eukarya

question

evolution

answer

genetic change in a species over time resulting in the development of genetic and phenotypic differences that are the basis of natural selection; descent of organisms from a common ancestor

question

experiment

answer

a test of a hypothesis that examines the influence of a single variable; often involves both control and test groups

question

experimental design

answer

methodology by which an experiment will seek to support the hypothesis

question

experimental variable

answer

a variable in an experiment that is changed by the experimenter

question

extinction

answer

disappearance of a species from all parts of its geographical range

question

family

answer

(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera

question

fungi

answer

Kingdom composed of heterotrophs; many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter

question

gene

answer

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

question

genus

answer

(biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species

question

homeostasis

answer

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

question

hypothesis

answer

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

question

inductive reasoning

answer

A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.

question

kingdom

answer

taxonomic category, the second broadest after domain, made up of many phyla

question

law

answer

a descriptive statement or equation that reliably predicts events under certain conditions

question

metabolism

answer

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

question

model

answer

a representation of an object or event (usually on a smaller scale)

question

multicellular

answer

organisms composed of many cells

question

natural selection

answer

organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

question

observation

answer

the action or process of observing something or someone carefully or in order to gain information.

question

order

answer

taxonomic group containing one or more families

question

organism

answer

An individual living thing

question

phenomenon

answer

a fact or event which can be observed and/or documented

question

photosynthesis

answer

process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars

question

phylum

answer

taxonomic group of related classes

question

plant

answer

multicellular eukaryote that produces its own food through photosynthesis

question

population

answer

group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area

question

prediction

answer

a statement of what a scientist expects to observe if a hypothesis is true

question

principle

answer

a fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior

question

prokaryote

answer

a unicellular organism having cells lacking membrane-bound nuclei

question

protist

answer

free-living or colonial organisms with diverse nutritional and reproductive modes

question

reproduce

answer

the production of offspring that are similar to the parents

question

responding variable

answer

the variable that changes in response to the manipulated variable

question

scientific method

answer

a series of steps that scientists use to answer questions and solve problems

question

scientific theory

answer

explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world

question

species

answer

taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

question

standard deviation

answer

a measure of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean

question

systematics

answer

study of the diversity of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms

question

taxonomy

answer

the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

question

unicellular

answer

having or consisting of a single cell

STUDY

Bring About Change Cost Benefit Analysis Free Health Care Free Rider Problem Principles Of Economics: Macroeconomics Principles Of Economics: Microeconomics

Exam 1 – Flashcard 254 terms

Marguerite Castillo

254 terms

Preview

Exam 1 – Flashcard

question

The definition of economics states that it is the study of how _________.

answer

agents choose to allocate scarce resources and the impact of those choices on society.

question

The statement that the United States is too aggressive in increasing the money supply is too aggressive in increasing the money supply is a normative statement since it describes what people ought to do .

answer

question

The statement that the United States saw the unemployment rate peak at 10 percent in 2009 the unemployment rate peak at 10 percent in 2009 is a positivestatement since it describes what people actually do .

answer

question

The ethical implications of a hotly debated government policy would best be considered a _________.

answer

normative question, since it deals with a subjective issue based on personal preferences.

question

Economics is divided into two broad fields of study: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics studies _________, while macroeconomics studies _________.

answer

a small piece of the overall economy; the economy as a whole.

question

Policy decisions made by the government are analyzed by _________.

answer

both microeconomics and macroeconomics.

question

A policy such as taxes on cigarettes would be studied under microeconomics , since it deals with a small part of the overall economy .

answer

question

A policy such as passing an economic stimulus to spur the economy would be studied under macroeconomics , since it deals with the economy as a whole .

answer

question

A policy such as reducing government spending to control the national debt would be studied under macroeconomics , since it deals with the economy as a whole .

answer

question

Empiricism describes a situation where

answer

economists use data to analyze what is happening in the world.

question

Optimization describes a situation where

answer

people weigh costs and benefits when making a decision

question

Equilibrium describes a situation where

answer

no one would benefit from changing his or her behavior

question

Economics, anthropology, psychology, sociology, and political science all study human behavior. Economics differs from these other social sciences because it also addresses these three key concepts: _________.

answer

Optimization, equilibrium, and empiricism.

question

During the process of optimization economists believe that people are considering _________.

answer

the feasibility of a choice, given the information available at the time.

question

The goal of optimization for an individual is to maximize

answer

overall well-being

question

Suppose that you allocate $20 each week for your entertainment budget. This money is spent on two items: either renting movies for $1 each at Redbox or downloading songs from iTunes at $1 each. Given this information, which of the following would represent your budget constraint for entertainment?

answer

Amount spent on iTunes + Amount spent at Redbox = $20.

question

Your budget constraint for entertainment illustrates the concept of trade-offs , since as you increase your purchases of one item, you must decrease your purchases of the other item

answer

question

The opportunity cost of an activity is a measure of what is given up when you do that activity. Let's say that you are trying to decide what to do on Friday at 11 a.m. You rank your possible options from the one you value the most to the one that you value the least in the following order: going to class, sleeping in late, going to work early, getting lunch, going to the gym to exercise, and watching television. If you decide to go to class, then what do we know about the opportunity cost of your decision?

answer

The opportunity cost would be sleeping in late, since it was your next-best option.

question

Comparing a set of feasible alternatives and picking the best one is an optimization process called _________.

answer

cost-benefit analysis.

question

When deciding whether to install visible countdown timers for pedestrians at crosswalks, which of the following would be considered in the cost-benefit analysis? (Check all that apply.)

answer

The cost in terms of dollars of installing these new timers all over the city. Your answer is correct.B. The value of the lives lost by drivers who watch the countdown timers and try to make it through a light. Your answer is correct.C. The higher maintenance bill associated with fixing these more complex signals when they break down. Your answer is correct.D. The value of the pedestrians' lives saved by having the timers to assist in crossing the street.

question

For a market to be in equilibrium, three conditions must hold. Fill in the blanks below to complete these conditions. The amount produced by sellers must be equal to the amount purchased by buyers. The costs of making a product must be less than the final price at which the product sells. Buyers must place a value on the uses of the product that is greater than the cost of buying the product.

answer

question

In which of the following areas will taking an economics course help benefit you throughout your life?

answer

A. It will instill the concept that what activity is given up by a decision plays an important role when making choices. B. It will give you the logic behind using cost-benefit analysis when evaluating decisions. C. It will help you analyze and predict human behavior in a variety of situations. D. All of the above.

question

Suppose your New Year resolution is to get back in shape. You are considering various ways of doing this: you can sign up for a gym membership, walk to work, take the stairs instead of the elevator, or watch your diet. How would you evaluate these options and choose an optimal one? When making your decision about which activity to choose, you should consider the monetary cost as well as the opportunity cost of the activities. The goal is to choose the option that offers the greatest net benefit.

answer

Do a cost-benefit analysis to compare the alternatives.

question

Free riding occurs when people's private benefits are out of sync with the public interest . Which of the following is subject to the free-rider problem?

answer

All of the above.

question

Which of the following is more susceptible to the free-rider problem: government −funded symphonies or city − wide pest control?

answer

Use of city −wide pest control is more susceptible since even those who don't pay taxes still benefit, while government −funded symphonies can charge for admission, so that everyone who goes pays their share.

question

Which of the following is true regarding the concept of causation?

answer

It describes how one event can bring about change in another.

question

Which of the following is not an example of causation?

answer

Washing your car will lead to raining that day

question

Identify the cause and effect in the following examples: Lower infant mortality is an effect and an improvement in nutrition is the cause . A surge in cocoa prices is an effect and a pest attack on the cocoa crop is the cause .

answer

question

Economists say the opportunity cost of an activity includes the value of the alternative use of your time . The opportunity cost of an activity takes account not only of required money outlay but also the value of the time you spend on the activity. The opportunity cost of your time can be roughly estimated using your wage . Positive economic analysis_____________.

answer

involves objective statements that can be disproven using data

question

Normative economic analysis______________.

answer

may include subjective and ethical judgments. makes recommendations on the best decision to achieve a given end.

question

According to the BLS data, the median weekly earnings of men working full time was $860 in 2013; the median weekly earnings of women working as lawyers was $1,566. Assuming Joe earns the median salary and works 52 weeks a year, a rough estimate of the opportunity cost of his time each year is $45,000. (Round your response to the nearest $1,000.) Economic analysis predicts that Joe is more likely to be the stay-at-home parent because the opportunity cost of his time is lower than that of Elizabeth. Economic analysis predicts that in less-developed, low-wage countries mothers are more likely to stay at home than mothers in developed, high-wage countries. For each of the following statements, determine whether positive or normative economic analysis is used. Positive 1.Families where both parents earn high wages (high opportunity cost of time) are more likely to both work at a paid job and hire outside help for household chores than otherwise similar families where parents earn low wages (low opportunity cost of time). Normative 2.Parents should carefully weigh all the costs and benefits, including their preferences and values, when deciding how to care for children. Normative 3. Some economists recommend granting unpaid leave to parents after the birth of a child because they calculate that the benefits exceed the costs.

answer

question

Consider the following three statements: Statement 1: You can either stand during a college football game or you can sit. You believe that you will see the game very well if you stand and others sit but that you will not be able to see at all if you sit and others stand. You therefore decide to stand. Statement 2: Your friend tells you that he expects many people to stand at football games. Statement 3: An economist studies photos of many college football games and estimates that 75 percent of all fans stand and 25 percent sit. Which of these statements deals with optimization, which deals with equilibrium, and which deals with empiricism? Explain. Statement 1 deals with ____________.

answer

optimization, because you are choosing your best feasible option Statement 2 deals with ____________. . equilibrium, because your friend presumes everyone is behaving optimally. Statement 3 deals with ____________. empiricism, because it describes behavior using real-world data.

question

How does microeconomics differ from macroeconomics?

answer

Microeconomics is the study of how individuals, households, firms, and governments make choices, while macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole.

question

Which of the following is not an item studied under microeconomics?

answer

Aggregate issues.

question

Which of the following is true regarding the concept of causation?

answer

It describes how one event can bring about change in another.

question

Which of the following is not an example of causation?

answer

wearing your lucky socks while watching the football game will lead to you team winning

question

Free riding occurs because _________.

answer

people sometimes pursue their own private interests and don't contribute voluntarily to the public interest.

question

The concept of opportunity cost is a measure of _________.

answer

the value of the best alternative use of a resource.

question

Suppose there are three activities in which you could participate: 1. The opportunity cost of the first activity is missing 3 hours of work. 2. The opportunity cost of the second activity is missing a concert that you have tickets to. 3. The opportunity cost of the third activity is missing the afternoon nap that you take every day. Given this information, for which of these activities would you be able to compare opportunity costs?

answer

You can compare all the activities after you translate all the missed activities into dollar amounts.

question

Which of the following would not be considered one of the possible opportunity costs of a recent high school graduate backpacking across Europe for a year.

answer

All of these is a possible opportunity cost.

question

The process of critical thinking is useful in macroeconomics because:

answer

Macroeconomics is focused on choosing effective policies.

question

Which of the below is not a distinguishing characteristic of critical thinking?

answer

Intuitiveness

question

What is the critical thinking issue in the story "What Do You Mean, Mr. President?" in Box 1.3?

answer

Knowing what the issue is.

question

Which of the following statements about the role of communication in the process of critical thinking is false?

answer

Communication can play a role, but more often than not its role is not important.

question

The critical thinking step of coming to a conclusion:

answer

Should include a consideration of the implications and consequences of your answer to the question at hand.

question

The process of critical thinking often involves formal and informal writing. Why do critical thinkers use both types of writing?

answer

Formal writing is used to communicate the results of one's critical thinking and to persuade others that one is right. Informal writing is primarily intended for oneselft or others with whom one is working, and is used to facilitate the critical thinking process itself.

question

Critical thinking about macroeconomic issues requires that you do what before analyzing the particular issue at hand?

answer

Take stock of any relevant macroeconomic information, theories, and conclusions that you already hold or believe.

question

Suppose that you are doing a macroeconomic research paper on whether to the Federal government should balance its budget in the coming year. Suppose further that in working on that paper you are frustrated by the inability to find statistics on government spending and economic growth in other countries. This frustration suggests you are having with what step of the critical thinking process?

answer

Gathering relevant information to answer the question.

question

What role do personal (or professional) values play in thinking critically about macroeconomic issues?

answer

Their role depends on the nature of the macroeconomic issue being investigated. However, one should be aware of any values that one holds that might be relevant to the macroeconomic issue.

question

The process of thinking critically is best described as:

answer

Deciding what the issue is, becoming aware of your initial frame of reference, gathering information, and constructing a conclusion.

question

Caveat lector is:

answer

A summary of the argument that one should be skeptical when gathering information.

question

Suppose you have just been hired as a management consultant by a major oil company to help it optimally price gasoline at its service stations. During a meeting with your client, the CEO asks if your economic models include all factors that impact gasoline prices. What is your response to his question?

answer

No, the model is a simplified representation of reality.

question

Your client becomes critical of your "sloppy" technique of using a model that does not include all factors. What is the most appropriate reply to this criticism?

answer

Economic models are meant to be approximations that predict what happens in most circumstances.

question

He is still unconvinced about the reliability of using economic models to make business decisions. You can answer this concern by sharing that you will confirm the accuracy of the model by testing its predictions with empirical data .

answer

question

Suppose you have been hired as a management consultant by a major oil company to help it optimally price gasoline at its service stations. Your client wants to know what will happen to gasoline demand if it increases gasoline prices by one cent higher than its nearest competitors. One of the members of your consulting team, Debbie, shares that one time in college she stopped buying gasoline from a service station that was one cent more expensive. Based on this story, should you conclude that demand will fall to zero if the client raises gas prices by one cent? No, since this is an argument by anecdote ,which can lead to wrong conclusions. Instead of relying on Debbie's college story to make a conclusion, you decide it is smarter to collect and analyze __________.

answer

a large amount of empirical data.

question

Suppose you have been hired as a management consultant by a major oil company to help it optimally price gasoline at its service stations. Your client would like your team to perform a study on customers' gasoline purchasing habits when they notice price increases. You suggest that the team _____________.

answer

design and execute an experiment.

question

Debbie, a member of your team, advocates finding random people and then breaking them up into two groups. Group A would be shown an increase in the price of gas before taking the survey. Group B would be told there was no increase in the price of gas before taking the survey. Troy, another member of your team, recommends finding two groups of people already sorted by whether or not they have recently noticed an increase in the price of gas. Debbie's method is a controlled experiment and Troy's method is a natural experiment . Group A is the treatment group and Group B is the control group .

answer

question

Suppose that you are on a date with an economics major, and you want to impress them by talking about economics. Your date challenges you to state your knowledge of positive and normative questions. You say that positive questions ask what is or what will be and normative questions ask what ought to be . Which of the following examples do you provide as a normative question?

answer

Should welfare be repealed?

question

Which of the following do you provide as a positive question?

answer

How much is the national debt?

question

To say that economists use the scientific method means that they are using ___________.

answer

an ongoing process to develop models of the world and then test and evaluate those models.

question

How do economists distinguish between models that work and those that don't?

answer

They test their models against real-world data.

question

How is the mean calculated from a series of observations?

answer

The mean is the sum values of the observations divided by the number of observations.

question

Suppose 2 comma 4772,477 people bought popsicles on a hot summer day. If the average number of popsicles that each person bought is 3, the number of popsicles sold that day is 7431

answer

question

How does the sample size affect the validity of an empirical argument?

answer

The larger the sample size the better.

question

What is meant by randomization in the context of an economic experiment?

answer

Subjects are assigned by chance, rather than by choice, to a group.

question

As the text explains, it can sometimes be very difficult to sort out the direction of causality. Causation occurs when there is ____________.

answer

a logical cause-and-effect relationship.

question

Demonstrate causation or correlation with the following examples: More police officers and lower crime rates is likely to be causation. More economic growth and higher employment levels is likely to be causation. The length of women's skirts and stock market performance is likely to be correlation .

answer

question

In general people with more education earn higher salaries. Economists have offered two explanations of this relationship. The human capital argument says that high schools and colleges teach people valuable skills, and employers are willing to pay higher salaries to attract people with those skills. The signaling argument says that college graduates earn more because a college degree is a signal to employers that a job applicant is diligent, intelligent, and persevering. The signaling argument implies that a college student who drops out of school one month before graduation should earn much less than a student who graduates. The human capital argument implies that a college student who drops out of school one month before graduation should earn almost the same as a student who graduates.

answer

question

Oregon expanded its Medicaid coverage in 2008. Roughly 90,000 people applied but the state had funds to cover only an additional 30,000 people. The state used a lottery to determine who would receive this free health care insurance from Medicaid. How could you use the Oregon experience to estimate the impact of increased access to health care on health outcomes? The Oregon experience is a natural experiment. One might analyze the data as follows: gather and analyze the data on the health care outcomes for the two groups to determine if free health care results in better health outcomes .

answer

question

A simple economic model predicts that a fall in the price of bus tickets means that more people will take the bus. However, you observe that some people still do not take the bus even after the price of a ticket fell. Is the model incorrect?

answer

No, because it predicts the outcome of increased bus ridership on average.

question

How would you test this model?

answer

You should run a natural experiment by analyzing bus ridership and price changes.

question

Which of the following graphical representations can be used to show the distribution of a household's income, in terms of percentages, among the various categories of expenses most appropriately?

answer

A pie chart

question

An independent variable:

answer

is manipulated by the experimenter in an experiment.

question

A scatter plot:

answer

shows the relationship between two variables at a point in time.

question

Which of the following is an example of a natural experiment?

answer

A research on the effect of air pollution on lung disorders by observing the health conditions of people who stay close to industrial areas and those who stay away from industries

question

An increase in returns to education over time means that:

answer

the earnings gap between the median college graduate and median high school graduate has grown larger over time.

question

True or False: According to the data presented, both men and women have seen an increase in the returns to a college degree between 1972 and 2012.

answer

True.

question

The largest increase in the returns to a college degree relative to a high school degree occurred for men during the 1980s .

answer

question

Empiricism is a principle in economics that _________

answer

uses data to test economic models.

question

Which of the following pairs of variables are likely to be positively correlated?

answer

Income and consumption

question

Which of the following statements is true?

answer

A bar chart indicates the frequency of a variable by using rectangles of different heights or lengths.

question

As the number of advertisements of a firm increases from 100 to 500, its sales increases from $1,000 to $10,000. If this information is plotted on a line chart, the slope of the line equals:

answer

$22.5.

question

On a line chart, the income of a consumer is measured along the horizontal axis, and his consumption is measured along the vertical axis. The slope of the line is equal to:

answer

change in consumption divided by change in income.

question

Which of the following is most likely to be an example of causation?

answer

A firm producing CFLs installs new machinery. The per-day production of CFLs increases.

question

A model refers to:

answer

a simplified description, or representation, of reality.

question

Suppose you have been hired as a management consultant by a major oil company to help it optimally price gasoline at its service stations. Your client has requested that your consulting team expatiate on the factors that impact gasoline prices. One of the members of your team, Debbie, states that she has noticed that gasoline prices seem to rise in years when a National League baseball team wins the World Series. You should not include this observation in your report because it is correlation, not causation. In this case, correlation does not equal causation most likely due to omitted variables.

answer

question

How would you represent the following graphically? Income inequality in the United States has increased over the past 10 years. This could best be represented with a

answer

time series graph

question

All the workers in the manufacturing sector in a particular country fit into one (and only one) of the following three categories: 31.5 percent are high school dropouts, 63.5 percent have a regular high school diploma, and the rest have a vocational training certificate. This could best be represented with a

answer

pie chart

question

The median income of a household in Alabama was $43,464 in 2012 and the median income of a household in Connecticut was $64,247 in 2012. This could best be represented with a

answer

bar graph

question

A variable that is potentially affected by an experimental treatment is referred to as a(n):

answer

dependent variable.

question

Which of the following statements is true?

answer

Testing with data enables economists to distinguish between good models and bad models.

question

A correlation between two variables implies that:

answer

there is a mutual relationship between both the variables.

question

Scenario: A model is based on an assumption that an additional year of education increases a student's future wage by 20% . Refer to the scenario above. Which of the following statements is true of the model?

answer

The prediction of this model can be applied to unlimited years of additional education.

question

Which of the following is the best example of causation (versus correlation)?

answer

Oil prices go up and gasoline prices go up.

question

Which of the following statements is true of the scientific method?

answer

The scientific method may not reveal a "true" model of the world.

question

Maimonides, a twelfth-century scholar, said ''Twenty-five children may be put in the charge of one teacher. If the number in the class exceeds twenty-five but is not more than forty, he should have an assistant to help with the instruction. If there are more than forty, two teachers must be appointed." Israel follows Maimonides' rule in determining the number of teachers for each class. How could you use Maimonides' rule to study the effect of class size on student achievement? Maimonides' rule generates a natural experiment to study the effect of class size. One might perform the experiment as follows: 1. Collect a large, random data set of students' grades with and without the specified number of teachers based on class size. 2. Analyze the data to see if it supports the rules issued by Maimonides. 3. Make a determination if relationships in the data are correlation or causation by understanding if a logical, cause-and-effect relationship exists.

answer

question

Suppose that your favorite aunt has just given you a $100 gift certificate for your birthday that can be used at a local bookstore. Suppose further that you have decided to divide the money between books and coffee in some way and that the price of a book is $20 and the price of a cup of coffee is $2. Given these facts, take a sheet of paper and graphically represent your budget constraint and label that constraint with the letter A. Then choose a point on constraint A that reflects in your estimation the best way to spend your gift certificate and label that point with the letter B. Now, based on your graph (do not turn in the graph), which statement below most accurately describes your graph:

answer

Constraint A is the result of answering a positive question; Point B is the result of answering a normative question.

question

The question "What has been the effect of deflation (that is, a general fall in prices) on the income of the average Japanese worker?" is an example of:

answer

A positive macroeconomic question.

question

The question, "Do most Americans believe that government is too big? " is an example of a:

answer

Factual question.

question

The question, "Do most Americans believe that government is too big? " is an example of a:

answer

Factual question.

question

The question "Slower economic growth increase income inequality?" is an example of:

answer

A positive macroeconomic question.

question

Which of the following is an accurate description of the question, "Do free trade agreements lead to faster economic growth?":

answer

A macroeconomic reasoned judgment question.

question

Which of the following is not a macroeconomics question?

answer

How much will the California drought drive up the price of fresh vegetables?

question

The question, "Is the price of a share of IBM stock higher today than the price of a share of Xerox stock?" is an example of a:

answer

Factual question.

question

Which of the following is a macroeconomic question?

answer

How much would the unemployment rate fall if the economy grows by 4% this year?

question

The question, "Does the minimum wage result in higher unemployment?" is an example of a:

answer

A reasoned judgment question.

question

Which of the following is an accurate description of the question, "How much of a premium would consumers be willing to pay for a solar powered car?":

answer

A microeconomic reasoned judgment question.

question

The question "Is greater income inequality a moral issue?" is an example of:

answer

A normative macroeconomic question.

question

The question, "Do you like the handling of a Toyota more than a Subaru?" is an example of a:

answer

A taste question.

question

Which of the following statements is not an example of a positive question?

answer

Does China have the right policy when it comes to foreign trade?

question

The Bureau of Economic Analysis calculates a number of different measures of inflation - the GDP Deflator, the Consumer Price Index, the Wholesale Price Index, etc. Given that, which of the following is an accurate description of the question, "What is the best measure of the average annual level of inflation over the past 10 years?":

answer

A macroeconomic reasoned judgment question.

question

The question, "Do businesses primarily fail because of mismanagement?" is an example of a:

answer

A reasoned judgment question.

question

Which of the following is an accurate description of the question, "Did the Federal Reserve accurately predict the financial crisis of 2008?"

answer

A macroeconomic reasoned judgment question.

question

The Bureau of Economic Analysis calculates a number of different measures of inflation -the GDP Deflator, the Consumer Price Index, the Wholesale Price Index, etc.. Given that, which of the following is an accurate description of the question, "According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, what has been the average annual level of inflation (as measured by the GDP Deflator) over the past 10 years?":

answer

A macroeconomic factual question.

question

The question "Who has been hurt the worst by the deflation that Japan has experienced in recent years?" is an example of:

answer

A normative macroeconomic question.

question

Which of the following is not a macroeconomics question?

answer

Would legalization of marijuana nationwide result in a fall in the demand for cigarettes?

question

Which of the following questions is not an example of a normative question?

answer

What do I have to do if I want to increase the return to my investments?

question

What is the relationship between the question, "Does innovation lead to economic growth?" and the question "Should government encourage innovation"?

answer

The first question is a positive one; the second question is a normative one.

question

In deciding whether to place economic sanctions on another country because of international political conflicts, what are the macroeconomic issues?

answer

There are macroeconomic issues for both countries such as the effect on the overall level of economic activity and unemployment.

question

Which of the following is a macroeconomic question?

answer

Would an increase in the minimum wage increase inflation?

question

Suppose that you have just acquired a chemical manufacturing company and are trying to figure out what to produce. You talk to the plant manager and discover that the company can produce formaldehyde and sulfuric acid. You also find out that the maximum amount of formaldehyde that the company can produce in a month is 1 million liters if that is all it produces, while the maximum amount of sulfuric acid it can produce in a month (again assuming that is all it produces) is 5 million liters. Given these facts, take a sheet of paper and graphically represent the company's production possibility frontier and label that frontier with the letter A. Now suppose that you invent a new process for manufacturing sulfuric acid that is more efficient so that you can produce more sulfuric acid than before but with the same amount of inputs. Given that innovation, graphically represent the company's new production possibilities frontier on the same graph you just drew and label that new frontier with the letter B. Finally, based on your graph (do not turn in the graph), which statement below most accurately describes your sketch of the frontiers A and B (both their locations and their shapes):

answer

Your sketch is based on both factual thinking and reasoned judgment thinking.

question

You have been invited to play a 4-hour round of golf that has a value to you of $50. The total price to play the round of golf is $25. The net benefit of the round of golf is $ 25. (Enter your response as an integer.) Now assume that you have a job that pays you $1212 per hour. Would you be optimizing to accept the invitation to play golf? To optimize, you should not play golf.

answer

question

Suppose your total benefit from eating slices of pizza (value in dollars) is 1010xminus−x squaredx2, where x is the number of slices of pizza. Pizza is sold by the slice and costs $22 per slice, and so the total cost of pizza is 22x. Using optimization in levels, what is the optimal amount of pizza for you to eat? Your net benefit is maximized at 44 slices of pizza. (Enter your response as an integer.)

answer

question

What are the different ways in which apartments are allocated in cities?

answer

By public housing authorities.

question

Those who are willing to pay the most to get an apartment are most likely to get an apartment when they are allocated by ____________.

answer

the market.

question

You and your friend, Jim, have just moved out of your dorm and into a new apartment. Both of you decide that you need to get a couch. Jim thinks you should get a new one from a furniture store nearby. You feel that, given your budget, it is best to buy a used one. Your other options are to buy one online or get a couch custom-made at the same furniture store. How would you arrive at an optimal solution here? Assume that your opportunity cost of time is $5 per hour. You and Jim would need to consider ___________.

answer

the direct costs and the indirect opportunity cost of your time required to shop.

question

Now suppose that you have a summer job that pays you $15 per hour. How would your analysis change? With a $15-per-hour summer job, the opportunity cost of your time would increase.

answer

question

A company mines 300,000 tons of coal per year in a rural county. The coal is worth $65 per ton. The average price for a 2,000-square-foot house with three bedrooms more than 20 km away from the mining site in this county is $240,000. The average price for a similar, 2,000-square-foot house with three bedrooms within 4 km of the mine is 8 percent lower. Using comparative statics, what is the effect of mining on home prices in this county? Mining changes the price of a 2,000-square-foot home (with three bedrooms) by $-19200. (Round your response to two decimal places and use a negative sign if necessary.)

answer

question

You are a professor of economics at a university. You've been offered the position of serving as department head, which comes with an annual salary that is $9,500 higher than your current salary. However, the position will require you to work 200 additional hours per year. Suppose the next best use of your time is spending it with your family, which has value of $50 per hour. What is the difference in the net benefit from becoming the department head? The change in net benefit is $ negative 500−500. (Enter your response as an integer.) To optimize, you should not become a department head.

answer

question

Since optimization is used to analyze people's choices and help them improve the outcomes of their choices, its

answer

both normative and positive.

question

You are considering renting a city apartment with 1,000 square feet for $1,800 per month. The monthly rent on a larger, 1,500-square-foot city apartment is $2,500. The marginal cost of renting an apartment with 500 additional square feet is $1.4 per square foot per month. (Round your response to two decimal places.)

answer

question

When making decisions, economic analysis suggests that renters should optimize by:

answer

doing a cost-benefit analysis, including the opportunity cost of their time.

question

Scarcity is key to this analysis as it results in a situation where:

answer

society must have some mechanism to allocate scarce apartments to some renters and not others.

question

Optimization is the process that describes __________.

answer

the choices that households make.

question

Optimization in levels examines ___________, while optimization in differences analyzes ____________.

answer

total net benefits of alternatives; the change in net benefits.

question

What is meant by comparative statics? Explain with an example.

answer

A change in an outcome, such as work, that results from a change in a factor, such as the wage.

question

Suppose you had information on the sales of similar homes just east and just west of the boundary between two school districts. Also suppose schools on one side of the school boundary are better than the schools on the other side in terms of test scores. You could estimate the average value that parents place on a one-point increase in test scores by ___________.

answer

dividing the difference in the prices of similar homes between districts by the difference in test scores between districts.

question

Economists mostly use optimization in differences, as opposed to optimization in levels, because ____________.

answer

comparing different features of alternatives is intuitive.

question

What is the difference between marginal values and average values?

answer

Marginal values show the additional benefit or cost from consuming an additional unit of a good, while average values are the benefit or cost per unit of a good.

question

Refer to the optimization analysis used to make a decision about the choice of an apartment. Suppose the government in a certain country wants to reduce urban sprawl. (Urban sprawl refers to the development of residential and commercial areas in the suburbs around the periphery of a city. One of the main problems with urban sprawl is that it leads to increased traffic congestion and air pollution as commuters travel to the city every day.) What measures could it take to ensure that people choose to live closer to the central business district?

answer

Tax traffic moving in and out of the city.

question

answer

Increase property taxes on house in the suburbs

question

Determine if the following statements better describe optimization in levels or optimization in differences. John is attempting to decide on a movie. He determines that the new Batman movie provides him with $5 more of a net benefit than the new Spiderman movie.

answer

Optimization in differences, since he is calculating the change in net benefits between alternatives.

question

Marcia finds that the net benefit of flying from Chicago to Honolulu on a non-stop United Airlines flight is $400, and the net benefit for the same trip flying on a one-stop American Airlines flight is $200.

answer

Optimization in levels, since she is comparing the net benefits between alternatives.

question

Nikki decided to take the first available parking space as she entered the student lot. She felt that the first available space had a $5 premium compared with all other possible spaces since she did not want to risk being late for her exam.

answer

Optimization in differences, since she is calculating the change in net benefits between alternatives.

question

Reagan determined that the net benefit of taking the combination of two lecture courses and an online lecture course was $100. The same three courses online gave her a net benefit of $80, and all three in a lecture-based format gave her a net benefit of $90.

answer

Optimization in levels, since she is comparing the net benefits between alternatives.

question

The concept of opportunity cost would explain whether someone chooses to drive, take a cab, take a bus, or walk to school or work because someone with ___________.

answer

a high wage is more likely to drive or take a cab to work because his time is worth more.

question

Consider the total cost of traveling from point A to point B. The cost of traveling by car would include the cost of gasoline and the opportunity cost of time; the cost of hopping on a bus would include the bus ticket and the opportunity cost of time. Assume that the bus ticket costs less than the gasoline. Does this imply that using a bus to get to the destination involves lower total costs than getting there by car? What if the bus doesn't take the fastest route from point A to point B?

answer

The marginal cost of using a bus may be higher if it takes more time than by car.

question

Assume that the average price for a 2,000-square-foot house in the city is $300,000 and the average rent for a 2,000-square-foot apartment in the city is $1,300 per month. Also assume that the average price for a 2,000-square-foot house in the suburbs is $220,000, the average price for a 2,000-square-foot house in the county is $330,000, and the average price for a 3,000-square-foot house in the suburbs is $470,000. Using comparative statics and the information above, what is the best estimate of the effect of living in the city (relative to living in the suburbs) on home prices? Living in the city changes home prices by $ 80,000. (Round your response to two decimal places.)

answer

question

Some people choose to live close to the city center; others choose to live away from the city center and take a longer commute to work every day. Does this mean that those who stay away from the city center are being irrational?

answer

No, because their opportunity cost of commuting must be lower.

question

Assume that your country's income tax structure has the following tax rates: if your income is $30,000 or less you pay no income tax; if your income is above $30,000, you pay 40 percent of the amount above $30,000. And so, for example, someone who earns $60,000 would pay 40% times ×($60,000minus−$30,000)equals=$12,000. Your marginal tax rate is defined as the taxes you pay if you earn one more dollar. Your average tax rate is defined as the total taxes you pay divided by your income. And so, to continue with this example, someone who earns $60,000 would have a marginal tax rate of 40 percent and an average tax rate of $12,000/$60,000=20%. You have three alternatives. You could not work at all, you could work half time, or you could work full time. If you do not work at all, you will earn $0; if you work half time you will earn $30,000; and if you work full time, you will earn $60,000. Any time you do not work, you can spend surfing. You love to surf: surfing half time is worth $27,000 to you. As you are making your decision about how much to work, should you pay attention to your average tax rate or to your marginal tax rate?

answer

Marginal tax rate to identify marginal changes.

question

Suppose apartments are in four locations: Location A, Location B, Location C, and Location D. Location A is in the city, where your job is. Location B is 10 minutes farther from your job than Location A. Location C is 10 minutes farther from your job than Location B, and Location D is 10 minutes farther than Location C. In turn, similar apartments in Location B rent for $175 less per month than apartments in Location A, apartments in Location C rent for $175 less than in Location B, and apartments in Location D rent for $175 less than in Location C. Suppose the value of your time is $24 per hour and you work 21 days per month, with each day requiring a round-trip commute from your apartment to work. For simplicity, assume rent and the opportunity cost of your time commuting to work are the only factors influencing the location in which to rent an apartment. You should rent an apartment in Location D . Suppose you currently rent an apartment in Location C. By moving to optimize, you change your net benefit by $7. (Enter your response as an integer.)

answer

question

Does the principle of optimization imply that people always make the best choices?

answer

Yes, it is a good approximation for the decisions people make.

question

There is a proverb "anything worth doing is worth doing well." Do you think an economist would agree with this proverb?

answer

No, because the marginal cost of extra effort may be greater than the marginal benefit.

question

Suppose you are accepted at all of the three business schools to which you applied. Consider all the factors that could matter when it comes to choosing a business school. How would you go about making an optimal decision about which school to attend?

answer

By comparing the net benefits from attending the three schools.

question

Suppose you have to give up a job that pays you $40,000 a year to attend business school. How would this affect your calculation of whether to attend business school?

answer

It will increase the indirect cost of your time, making you less likely to attend business school.

question

Suppose you have just landed a job near the center of a city and you now need to decide where to live. If you live close to the city center, your round-trip commute will be 15 minutes. If you live in the distant suburbs, your round-trip commute will be 60 minutes. There are lots of workers like you who work downtown. Since there are only a limited number of apartments near the city center, these apartments will be allocated based on both the costs and benefits that you face. This process is known as optimization.

answer

question

Which is not one of the Five Steps to Effective Communication"?

answer

Assume your audience disagrees with you.

question

Libertarianism:

answer

both of the above.

question

Which of the following is not a standard for judging whether a positive frame of reference is a good one?

answer

Brevity

question

Which of the following is a reason economists use mathematics:

answer

all of the above.

question

his question is based on the article: Free Exchange (2012, December 1). The complex effects of low interest rates on consumption and investment. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21567421-complex-effects-low-interest-rates-consumption-and-investment-savers In the second paragraph, the article says that Raghuram Rajan "describes the Fed's policy as 'expropriating responsible savers in favour of irresponsible banks', and thinks it should raise rates modestly." Given the content of the first two paragraphs, which of the following statements is the most reasonable characterization of Rajan's macroeconomic frame of reference?

answer

Rajan's frame of reference is a normative one based on some notion of fairness.

question

The "right to the status quo" is an example of:

answer

a fairness norm

question

This question is based on the article: Free Exchange (2012, December 1). The complex effects of low interest rates on consumption and investment. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21567421-complex-effects-low-interest-rates-consumption-and-investment-savers In the third paragraph, the article describes the effects of monetary policy according to standard, textbook treatments, and notes that critics such as Einhorn and Rajan argue that this analysis no longer applies. Which of the following most accurately characterizes the nature of this material?

answer

This paragraph employs a positive frame of reference perspective.

question

From a critical-thinking perspective, what is the value of a general (aka a liberal) education?

answer

It provides a variety of perspectives that can be used in the future.

question

The standards by which one can judge whether a normative frame of reference is a good one:

answer

are the same as the standards for judging how good a positive frame of reference is.

question

Which of the following is not an example of a normative frame or reference?

answer

Macroeconomics

question

Which of the following is not an example of a positive frame or reference?

answer

Efficiency

question

answer

This article contains a complex argument in which positive frames of reference are used to establish what happens when interest rates are low and normative frames of reference are used to evaluate the desirability of the outcomes that were established using positive frames of reference.

question

Utilitarianism:

answer

both of the above.

question

What is the distinction between cross-sectional data and time-series data?

answer

Cross-sectional data provides information about economic behavior at an instant in time, while time-series data provides information about how an economic variable behaves over time.

question

Which of the following is true about the use of mathematics in economics?

answer

has limitations in economics.

question

answer

(a) and (b) are both true.

question

This question is based on the article: Free Exchange (2012, December 1). The complex effects of low interest rates on consumption and investment. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21567421-complex-effects-low-interest-rates-consumption-and-investment-savers In the second paragraph, that article says that David Einhorm "likens zero rates to an overdose of jam doughnuts: too much of a good thing." Given the content of the first two paragraphs, which of the following statements is the most reasonable characterization of Einhorn's macroeconomic frame of reference?

answer

Einhorn's frame of reference is a normative one based on some notion of efficiency or fairness.

question

answer

a positive one because it focuses on how growth changes without regard to whether that change is good or bad.

question

This question is based on the article: Free Exchange (2012, December 1). The complex effects of low interest rates on consumption and investment. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21567421-complex-effects-low-interest-rates-consumption-and-investment-savers The discussion of the redistributive effects of lower interest rates (paragraphs 4-7) involves in part an analysis of how people in different circumstances modify their behavior in the face of lower interest rates. It also involves making judgments about whether people are better off or worse off as a result of those changes in behavior. If we focus only on the analysis of how people change behavior as a result of lower interest rates, we are focused on:

answer

a positive issue because it deals with what is, was, or will be without regard to whether that behavior is good or bad, desirable or undesirable.

question

This question is based on the article: Free Exchange (2012, December 1). The complex effects of low interest rates on consumption and investment. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21567421-complex-effects-low-interest-rates-consumption-and-investment-savers The discussion of the redistributive effects of lower interest rates (paragraphs 4-7) involves in part an analysis of how people in different circumstances modify their behavior in the face of lower interest rates. It also involves making judgments about whether people are better off or worse off as a result of those changes in behavior. If we focus only on making judgments about whether people are better off or worse off as aresult of those changes in behavior, we are focused on:

answer

a normative issue because it deals with making judgments based on some set of values.

question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a market?

answer

Markets are physical locations where trading occurs

question

Which of the following would not be considered a market by an economist?

answer

All of the above are examples of a market.

question

The Law of Demand states that as the price of a good increases, ceteris paribus, the quantity demanded decreases. This can be shown graphically with a downward-sloping demand curve or numerically in a table using a demand schedule . The relationship that exists between these two variables can be described as negatively related .

answer

question

Which of the following is not one of the five major factors that shifts the demand curve when it changes?

answer

The price of the good itself

question

When one of the five major factors changes, causing an increase in demand, the demand curve shifts

answer

rightward

question

The Law of Supply states that as the price of a good increases, ceteris paribus, the quantity supplied of that good increases. This can be shown graphically with an upward-sloping supply curve or numerically in a table using a supply schedule. The relationship that exists between these two variables can be described as positively related .

answer

question

Economists refer to the process of summing the individual supply curves to find the market supply curve as aggregation. Aggregation consists of fixing the price of the good and adding up the quantity supplied by each firm.

answer

question

Suppose the price of tea increases and the demand for sugar decreases. You determine that these goods must be complements

answer

question

Suppose a new off-campus university apartment complex could rent its rooms on the open market for $900 a month. If, instead, the university chooses to cap the price of rooms to $500 a month for students, the result would be that ____________.

answer

quantity demanded would exceed the quantity supplied, resulting in a shortage.

question

Suppose the university is trying to determine the most efficient way to allocate the rooms such that those who value the rooms the most get them. Which of the following would you suggest as the most efficient?

answer

Auctioning the rooms to the highest bidders.

question

What is meant by holding all else equal and how is this concept used when discussing movements along the demand curve?

answer

All variables that can affect the demand for the good are held constant.

question

We make the assumption of holding all else equal when considering demand curves since we want to focus on the changes in the quantity demanded that result from changes in only the price of a good.

answer

question

Market demand is derived by __________.

answer

fixing the price and adding up the quantities that each buyer demands.

question

Does the shape of the market demand curve differ from the shape of an individual demand curve?

answer

No, they both tend to be downward-sloping curves.

question

What does it mean to say that we are running out of "cheap oil"?

answer

That oil reserves are becoming more expensive to find and extract over time.

question

What does this imply for the price of oil in the future?

answer

The supply of oil will decrease, which will lead to higher prices in the future.

question

The lowest price that a seller is willing to receive to sell an extra unit of a good is called willingness to accept , while the highest price that a buyer is willing to pay for an extra unit of a good is called willingness to pay. For a trade to take place, a buyer's willingness to pay must be ____________.

answer

A and B only.

question

How would an increase in demand affect the equilibrium price in a market?

answer

The equilibrium price increases.

question

How would the equilibrium price in a market be affected if there were a smalls increase in demand and a large increase in supply?

answer

The equilibrium price decreases.

question

How would the equilibrium price in a market be affected if there were a small decrease in demand and a large decrease in supply?

answer

The equilibrium price increase.

question

How would a decrease in supply affect the equilibrium price in a market?

answer

The equilibrium price increases.

question

How would the equilibrium price in a market be affected if there were a small increase in supply and a large increase in demand?

answer

The equilibrium price increases.

question

How would the equilibrium price in a market be affected if there were a small decrease in supply and a large decrease in demand?

answer

The equilibrium price decreases.

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According to the video "Gas Prices Continue Rise, Approach $4 A Gallon", over a two week period the price of gas rose from $3.50 per gallon to $3.79 per gallon. This was a price increase of 8.29%. (round your response to two decimal places) At the same time, data from MasterCard's spending pole showed that fuel consumption was down by 3.6%. If we hold everything else constant, the quantity demanded decreased, which is indicated by movement alongthe demand curve. Source:http://youtu.be/8jcDvGDAqz0 The video is no longer available; however, it is not required to answer the questions above.

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Consider whether the Law of Demand holds in the following situations. The price of insulin injection kits, used by diabetic patient, increased from $45 to $52, but consumption has still remained the same. In this situation, the Law of Demand _________

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does not hold, since the product sold is required for survival, so increasing the price did not affect consumption.

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The demand curve for insulin injection kits is __________.

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near vertical, since even if the price rises diabetics will be willing to buy the same quantity.

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A drought in the grape regions of the country increases the cost of producing jelly. At the same time, we see the price of peanut butter falls. Suppose that after both of these events the consumption of jelly is left unchanged. In this situation, the Law of Demand __________.

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holds, since the demand curves for both jelly and peanut butter are downward-sloping; it is their shifts that are determining the impact on the quantity consumed.

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Lobsters are plentiful and easy to catch in August but scarce and difficult to catch in November. In addition, vacationers shift the demand for lobsters further to the right in August than in any other month. Given this information, we know that _________ is/are higher in August than in other months.

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both supply and demand.

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When comparing the equilibriums in the lobster market for August and November, the equilibrium quantity is ______ in November than in August, while the equilibrium price is ______.

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lower; higher, lower, or unchanged.

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As part of U.S. sugar policy, the government offers to buy raw sugar from domestic sugarcane mills at a price of 18.75 cents per pound. This government offer is made for as much raw sugar as the sugarcane mills produce. Any raw sugar purchased by the government is not sold in the domestic market, as this might cause raw sugar prices to fall. 1.) Using the line drawing tool, depict the government's demand curve for sugar. Label your curve 'D'. (Be sure to have your demand curve touch the y-axis.) Carefully follow the instructions above and only draw the required object. Suppose conditions arise in the sugar market that would lead to a competitive equilibrium price that is below 18.75 cents per pound. In this situation, sugar mills will __________.

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not sell to private buyers at this lower price and will sell to the government instead, which will drive up the domestic price until it reaches 18.75 cents per pound.

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Which of the following is likely to lead to a right shift in the supply curve of cotton?

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An increase in labor productivity due to training programs

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Which of the following is likely to lead to an increase in the quantity supplied of steel?

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A rise in the market price of steel

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Land in Sonoma, California, can be used to either grow grapes for pinot noir wine or to grow Gravenstein apples. Given this information, what is the relationship between pinot noir wine and Gravenstein apples?

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They share a common input.

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If the demand for pinot noir suddenly shifts sharply to the right, we would expect to see an increase in the demand for land in Sonoma, which would increase the equilibrium price of land.

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Since both pinot noir wine and Gravenstein apples use the same land in Sonoma, California, a sharp increase in demand for pinot noir wine will result in a higher price for Gravenstein apples and a lower equilibrium quantity.

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The Law of Supply states that, in most cases, the quantity supplied of a good ___________ when the price of the good rises. This means we would expect a typical supply curve to be___________.

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rises; upward-sloping.

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Which of the following factors is expected to cause the demand curve for coffee to shift to the right?

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A higher tax on the sale of tea, a substitute for coffee

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Suppose people who are thinking about buying a home (demanders in the housing market) and current home owners who are thinking about selling their homes (suppliers in the housing market) suddenly believe that home prices are likely to be significantly higher next year than this year. Consider the market for housing this year, as illustrated in the figure on the right. The change in the expected price of housing will ___________.

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shift the demand curve to the right, as buyers expedite their home purchases.

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Other things remaining same, a right shift in the demand curve will lead to:

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an increase in the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity.

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A fall in the price of flour, used in making cakes, is likely to:

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increase the supply of cakes.

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If Honda decided to increase the price of its Honda CRV SUV, then the demand for the Toyota Rav4 SUV would __________.

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Increase (shift right).

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If widespread unemployment leads to a drop in incomes, then the demand for the Toyota Rav4 SUV would __________.

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decrease (shift left).

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Are all markets perfectly competitive?

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No, there are other market types where firms have considerable power to control the price.

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This policy of imposing a minimum price for alcohol as a way to reduce binge drinking is likely to be successful , since the increase in price will cause the quantity demanded of alcohol to decrease

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In a perfectly competitive market, sellers _________ and buyers _________.

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cannot charge more than the market price; cannot pay less than the market price.

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In a perfectly competitive market, if one seller chooses to charge a price for its good that is slightly higher than the market price, then it will _________.

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lose all or almost all of its customers.

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Coca-Cola's decision to have vending machines raise prices in hot weather _________ make sense, since as a result of the change in demand for soft drinks, the equilibrium quantity demanded _________ and the equilibrium price companies can charge _________.

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does; increases; increases.

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Which of the following statements correctly describes perfectly competitive market equilibrium?

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Deviations from equilibrium are temporary and equilibrium is automatically restored.

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In the context of the firm's supply curve, as the firm produces more of a good, the cost of producing each additional unit increases . This implies that the marginal cost of producing a good increases as it makes more of that good. The firm's supply curve represents ___________.

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the minimum price the seller is willing to accept to sell an extra unit of a good.

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Assume that a worker in a technology firm can produce 3 circuit boards in an hour. Due to subsequent innovation, he is now able to produce 6 circuit boards per hour. Other things remaining constant, the firm's supply curve is likely to:

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shift to the right.

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The concept of diminishing marginal benefits means that __________.

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each additional unit consumed is worth less to you than the previous one.

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The concept of diminishing marginal benefits holds true for goods that you like a lot. Suppose you have a flashlight that takes three batteries to power it. If you buy the batteries one at a time, for which purchase will diminishing benefits set in?

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When you buy the fourth battery.

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Which of the following is not one of the four major factors that shifts the supply curve when it changes?

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The income of consumers.

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When one of the four major factors changes, causing an increase in supply, the supply curve shifts rightward .

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17 Hurt as Computer Sale Turns Into Stampede 'Pandemonium' As 5,000 Show Up At Richmond Event Presented with a rare chance to get a used laptop computer for $50, a crowd of more than 5,000 showed up hours early yesterday at the Richmond International Raceway andlong dash—when the gates finally were flung open at 7 a.m.long dash—turned into an unruly stampede, as people pushed, shoved and beat each other to get to the Apple iBooks. Elderly men and women were trampled and a girl's stroller was crushed. Four years ago, Henrico County purchased 18,000 of the computers for about $1,100 each for its public school students and teachers. The county decided to sponsor yesterday's event to sell 1,000 surplus iBooks to residents. By Stephanie McCrummen and Aymar Jean (Staff writer Michael D. Shear and the Associated Press contributed to this report.) Washington Post Wednesday, August 17, 2005; Page B01.

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Read the story to the right, and then answer the following questions: Based on what happened at the Richmond event, it is apparent that at a price of $50, the quantity _________ of laptops exceeded the quantity _________. This resulted in an excess _________ for laptops.

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demanded; supplied; demand

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Which of the following ways of distributing the laptops would be more efficient? (Check all that apply.)

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A.Using flexible prices, so those who value the laptop more would pay more for it. Your answer is correct. B.Auctioning off the laptops to the highest bidders. Your answer is correct. C.Using a random lottery to decide who gets the laptops.

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The Thai government bought rice from its farmers at a price that was 40 percent higher than the prevailing market price in the country. How is this likely to affect other buyers in the domestic market for rice?

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It will drive the price above the market price, resulting in a higher price for domestic consumers and therefore a smaller quantity demanded.

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Using the graph to the right, the government's plan to buy rice from farmers at $7 will result in domestic consumers purchasing ________ million tons and the government purchasing _________.

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3; an excess supply of 4 million tons.

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Assume this scheme allows the government to build up large supplies of rice. Considering that Thailand is one of the world's largest rice exporters, if the government decides to sell the rice in the international market, the world supply curve would shift rightward , causing the world price to fall .

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Other things remaining same, a left shift in the demand curve will lead to:

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a decrease in the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity.

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An example of plagiarism is:

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All of the above.

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In developing a set of sources to investigate:

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always use yourself to develop a theory to give you a more solid foundation for researching the work of others.

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In searching for possible answers to macroeconomic questions, the value of starting with yourself is that it helps:

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both of the above.

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Where would you look for information about what professional economists think about the macroeconomic issue you are researching?

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EconLit

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The Three Searching Strategy Rules are:

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know the question, figure out what's needed to answer the question, identify sources

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The first step in searching for an answer to a macroeconomic question is to:

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all of the above.

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Where would you look for information about recent macroeconomic events?

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The Economist

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Critical reading:

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is a method for more fully understanding the work of others.

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What is a good source for macroeconomic data and statistics?

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all of the above

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Thinking critically about a macroeconomic issue requires:

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(b) and (c)

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Brainstorming:

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is a method for figuring out what information needs to be gathered.

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In searching for answers, if the macroeconomic question is vague:

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you can end up wasting a lot of time during the search process.

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Which of the following is not one of the Five Steps to Reading Critically?

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Determine the credentials of the author

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Why is it important to keep good records of your sources?

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All of the above

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In economics, the standard reference style is based on:

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the American Psychological Association's (APA) standards

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Where would you look for basic or general information so that you can get oriented about a macroeconomic issue?

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all of the above

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What questions should you ask to determine if a source is reliable?

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all of the above

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Bring About Change Gender Studies Self Made Man Sex Reassignment Surgery Social Construction Of Gender Working Class Women

History midterm- vermeer’s hat – Flashcards 6 terms

Ray Collins

6 terms

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History midterm- vermeer’s hat – Flashcards

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