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AP United States History AP World History Baltimore And Ohio Railroad Following The War Of 1812 History of the Americas New York And New Jersey Public Speaking

History 17A final – Flashcards 56 terms

Will Walter

56 terms

Preview

History 17A final – Flashcards

question

Which improvement most dramatically increased the speed and lowered the expense of commerce in the first half of the nineteenth century?

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b. canals and steamboats

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Which statement about the western settlements is false?

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c. The government discouraged western settlement at every turn.

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How did the market revolution affect the lives of artisans?

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c. Gathered in factories, they faced constant supervision and the breakdown of craftsmanship into specialized tasks.

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Which of the following statements related to the Second Great Awakening is false?

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c. The Second Great Awakening popularized Deism.

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The cult of domesticity...

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d. led to a decline in birthrates

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In his essay "The Laboring Classes," Orestes Brownson argued that...

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a. wealth and labor were at war.

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The growth in the number of Irish immigrants led to increased anti-Catholicism in the United States. (T or F)

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a. true

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As the Market Revolution took on steam, some critics described wage labor as the very essence of slavery. (T or F)

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a. true

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The Dorr War...

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d. divided Rhode Islanders over the issue of expanding voting rights for white men.

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Under the Missouri Compromise of 1820...

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a. the remaining Louisiana Purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones.

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The Monroe Doctrine...

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c. declared the Americas off- limits for further European colonization.

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The practice of giving a political office to someone based on party loyalty is called...

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b. the spoils system

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During Jackson's presidency, most Democrats did all of the following except...

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e. speak out against presidential use of the veto

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Whigs wanted the government involved in all of the following except...

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d. restricting corporations

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Supporters of nullification claimed that the federal government was overstepping its rights and infringing on states' rights. (T or F)

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a. true

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Women enjoyed an expansion of democracy for themselves during the 1830s and 1840s, as they were welcomed into the public sphere.(T or F)

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b. false

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In the nineteenth century, which product was the world's major crop produced by slave labor?

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d. cotton

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The internal slave trade in the United States involved the movement of hundreds of thousands of enslaved persons from...

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a. older states like Virginia to the Lower South.

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Free blacks in the South were allowed to...

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a. own property.

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Which statement about Nat Turner's Rebellion is true?

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d. Many southern whites were in a panic after the rebellion.

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What did the Reverend Charles C. Jones of Georgia not do?

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c. urge an end to slavery

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By the late 1830s, the South's proslavery argument...

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d. claimed that slavery was essential to human economic and cultural progress.

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Slavery did not affect northern merchants and manufacturers.(T or F)

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b. false

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Although the importation of slaves from Africa was prohibited beginning in 1808, the sale and trade of slaves within the United States flourished in later years.(T or F)

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a. true

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William Lloyd Garrison argued in Thoughts on African Colonization that:

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c. blacks were not "strangers" in America to be shipped abroad, but should be recognized as a permanent part of American society

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What did the Fourth of July represent to Frederick Douglass?

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a. the hypocrisy of a nation that proclaimed liberty but sanctioned slavery

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The gag rule...

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b. prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions

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Which of the following was not a reform movement in which women played a prominent role during the early to mid- nineteenth century?

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c. the anti-Mexican-War movement

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William Lloyd Garrison...

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d. suggested that the North dissolve the Union to free itself of any connection to slavery

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The colonization of freed U.S. slaves to Africa...

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e. prompted the adamant opposition of most free African-Americans

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The antebellum utopian communities were largely located in the South.

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b. false

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To members of the North's emerging middle-class culture, reform became a badge of respectability.

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a. true

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"Fifty-four forty or fight" referred to demands for American control of...

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b. Oregon

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The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 provided for all of the following except...

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d. U.S. control of all of the Oregon Country.

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In 1846, Congressman David Wilmot proposed to...

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a. prohibit slavery from all territory acquired from Mexico.

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The Free Soil Party...

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a. demonstrated that antislavery sentiment had spread far beyond abolitionist ranks.

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Stephen Douglas's motivation for introducing the Kansas-Nebraska Act was to:

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a. boost efforts to build a transcontinental railroad.

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What attracted voters to the Know-Nothing Party?

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e. its denunciation of Roman Catholic immigrants

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By 1856, the Republican Party included individuals who had been, until rather recently, members of each of the following political groups except...

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e. Federalists.

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The Fugitive Slave Act provided for the return of runaway slaves to their owners.(T or F)

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a. true

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Among the Confederacy's advantages during the Civil War was...

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b. its large size, which made it more difficult for the Union to conquer

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During the early days of the war, the U.S. Congress adopted a resolution proposed by Senator John Crittenden of Kentucky that...

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d. affirmed that the Union had no intention of interfering with slavery.

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Beginning in 1863, what did Frederick Douglass urge northern blacks to do?

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a. enlist in the Union army

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With regard to civil liberties during the Civil War, President Lincoln...

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b. suspended the writ of habeas corpus.

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Which of the following is not true of the New York City riots of 1863?

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e. They convinced Lincoln to delay issuing the Emancipation Proclamation.

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"King Cotton diplomacy" led Great Britain to...

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a. find new supplies of cotton outside the South.

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The Thirteenth Amendment...

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a. abolished slavery throughout the United States.

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In the early days of the war, northern military commanders returned fugitive slaves to their owners. (T or F)

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a. true

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Which of the following best describes the black response to the ending of the Civil War and the coming of freedom?

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c. Blacks adopted different ways of testing their freedom, including moving about, seeking kin, and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior.

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During Reconstruction, the role of the church in the black community...

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d. was central, as African-Americans formed their own churches.

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For most former slaves, freedom first and foremost meant...

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c. land ownership.

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How did the Civil War affect planter families?

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a. For the first time, some of them had to do physical labor.

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In March 1867, Congress began Radical Reconstruction by adopting the __________, which created new state governments and provided for black male suffrage in the South.

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e. Reconstruction Act

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The Fifteenth Amendment...

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a. sought to guarantee that one could not be denied suffrage rights based on race.

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By and large, white voters in the South returned prominent Confederates and members of the old elite to power during Presidential Reconstruction.(T or F)

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a. true

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With the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment, all people born in the United States were automatically citizens.(T or F)

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a. true

STUDY

Baltimore And Ohio Railroad Late 1800s And Early 1900s National Child Labor Committee

MGT 320 – Flashcard 70 terms

Julia Rush

70 terms

Preview

MGT 320 – Flashcard

question

The nation is rapidly moving from: a) Industiral to Capitalism b) Capitalism to Industrial c) Industrial to knowledge based d) None of the above

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Answer: C

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Which of the following corporate trends have contributed to the growth of entrepreneurship? a) The acquisition and merging of mega corporations b) The idea that "small is beautiful" in large companies, resulting in less hierarchy and layers of management. c) The flood of venture capital being made available to small business. d) The downturn in international markets forcing a focus on the domestic market.

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Answer: B

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Entrepreneurial education: a) Has become extremely popular. b) Universities are not able to meet the demand. c) More courses are being offered in entrepreneurship. d) All of the above.

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Answer: A

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Researchers who study entrepreneurs have discovered that: a) successful entrepreneurs start with an idea, resources, and a small management team. b) there is one key set of traits that mark a successful entrepreneur. c) entrepreneurs desire responsibility and are willing to take moderate risks. d) the most successful entrepreneurs are willing to take extreme risks and bet the farm in order to succeed.

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Answer: C

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Entrepreneurs seem to be characterized by: a) a desire for money. b) an inability to organize but strong conceptual skills. c) a desire to work alone because of weak management skills and a need for control. d) a high energy level.

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Answer: D

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Entrepreneurs start businesses for a number of reasons including: a) an opportunity to make a difference. b) having to deal with less government regulation than as an executive of a large company. c) a much lower risk of career failure due to layoff or acquisition than working for a large company. d) the opportunity to get rich much quicker than if they work for a large company

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Answer: A

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Surveys show that owners of small businesses believe that: a) they work harder on thei r own than if they worked for someone else. b) they earn less than if they worked for someone else. c) they are less satisfied than if they worked for someone else. d) venture capital is relatively easy to raise.

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Answer: A

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A significant benefit of starting your own company is: a) more leisure time because there is less of a need to punch a time clock. b) contributing to society and being recognized for your efforts. c) to be able to choose who you work with or don't work with. d) more job security than worki ng for a large corporation

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Answer: B

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Kyoto has started an interior decoration business. Everything about the business, from its name to the color schemes used in the corporate letterhead, is an expression of her personality. She sees this business as her greatest personal achievement. Kyoto is experienci ng the opportunity of small business ownership. a) to reap unlimited profits b) to contribute to society c) to make a difference d) to reach her full potential

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Answer: D

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Mary and Ted are discussi ng starting a new business and are asking themselves a series of questions like; "What is the worst that could happen if we fail?" "How likely is that to happen?" They are assessi ng which potential drawback of small business ownership? a) The long hours and hard work involved b) The risk of losing their entire investment c) The lower quality of life they'll experience d) The uncertainty of thei r income

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Answer: B

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Potential drawbacks of small business ownership include: a) a relatively low guaranteed income. b) a significantly freer personal schedule but less personal income and assets with which to enjoy the more relaxed schedule. c) a high likelihood of a lower quality of life while starting and establishing the small business. d) relatively limited potential for further personal development.

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Answer: A

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More businesses are started by individuals between than at any other age. a) Under 25 b) 25-34 c) 35-44 d) 45-54

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Answer: B

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Which of the followi ng trends is feedi ng the growth of entrepreneurial activity? a) A greater focus on professional advancement combined with the "flattening" of large corporati ons' management hierarchies b) The rapid growth of the need for low-technology products c) A favorable attitude toward entrepreneurs in American society d) Diminished wage increases in corporations and the desire for a better standard of ling

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Answer: C

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The growth of entrepreneurshi p is being fed by: a) the return to a manufacturi ng-based economy. b) technological advancements. c) diminished opportunities in overseas markets for larger corporations. d) the vilifying of large corporati ons in society

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Answer: B

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Minorities cite which of the followi ng as the primary barrier to their entrepreneurship? a) skepticism b) access to capital c) discrimination d) social pressure

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Answer: C

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Most of today's immigrant entrepreneurs come into the U.S. with: a) significant educational and financial resources.b) few skills, little education, and no financial resources. c) few resources but lots of dedication and desi re. d) little education but significant financial backing from their families in their home countries.

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Answer: C

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Part-time entrepreneurship has an additional advantage over starting up a company full- time in that: a) it is a much lower risk for the entrepreneur. b) it doesn't require hang a business plan. c) the entrepreneur can change products and markets more easily. d) the entrepreneur doesn't need to know the industry as well.

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Answer: A

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The strategic management process: a) Is especially difficult for the small business because of its limited resources. b) Divides mass markets into smaller, less homogeneous u nits. c) Provides the small business owner with the tools for managing the uncontrollable elements in the external business environment. d ) helps a small business develop the game plan that guides it in creating its mission, vision, goals, and objectives.

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Answer: D

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The primary output of the strategic management process should be: a ) a matching of its strengths and weaknesses to the opportunities and threats in the environment. b) An enticement to outside investors and lenders to put money into the business. c) A complete explanation of the company's product or service. d) A description of the company's competitive situation.

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Answer: A

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A small business' "aggregation of factors that sets it apart from its competitors" is its: a ) strategic plan. b) Competitive adva ntage. c) Vision. d) Competitive strategy.

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Answer: B

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The strategic planning process for small businesses is: a ) market-focused. b) The same as it is for a large company. c) Generally done by top management with little or no participation by employees. d ) product-focused and similar to that for large companies.

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Answer: B

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How is the strategic planning process for small companies different from that for large companies? a) The planning horizon should cover at least five years into the future. b) The process should begin with setting objectives and conclude with competitive analysis. c) The process should be informal and not overly structured-"a shirtsleeve approach." d ) It should be conducted by top management and provided to lower management.

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Answer: A

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focuses everyone's attention and efforts on the same target market. It is an expression of what the owner believes in. a) The mission statement b) The company vision c) The strategic plan d) ) The operational pla n

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Answer: B

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Which of the following is true about successful entrepreneurs and their vision? a ) It is created independently of their market or their customers. b) It includes their understanding of the competition and their key market segments. c) They are able to communicate it and their enthusiasm for it to all those around them . d) They create it in cooperation with their em ployees.

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Answer: A

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Which of the followi ng best expresses the relationshi p of a company vision to its mission? a) The company vision comes from the company mission. b) The mission statement is the written expression of the company vision. c) The company mission statement is the verbal expression of the written vision. d) There is no relationship between the two.

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Answer: B

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A mission statement should answer which of the following questions? a) What are the needs and wants of the target customers? b) How will we finance our growth and expansion? c) Who are our competitors? d) How much money will we make?

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Answer: A

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Once the vision and mission are established, the entrepreneur needs to: a) Select the target market. b) Conduct market research. c) Choose a competitive strategy. d) Define the firm's core competencies.

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Answer: C

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Are positive internal factors that contribute towards accomplishing the company's objectives? a) Strengths b) Weaknesses c) Opportuni ties d) Threats

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Answer: A

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are negative internal factors that inhibit the accomplishment of a firm's objectives. a) Strengths b) Weaknesses c) Opportunities d) Threats

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Answer: B

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When the small business owner assesses her company's strengths and weaknesses, she is dealing with the business environment. a) macro b) external c) competitive d) internal

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Answer: D

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are negative external forces that inhibit the firm's ability to achieve its objectives. a) Strengths b) Weaknesses c) Opportunities d) Threats

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Answer: D

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Corey notices a "backlash" against health food among people who eat out. He decides to open a restaurant that stresses "good home cooking," heavy with gravies, breads, oils, etc. Corey has identified and is trying to capitalize on a /an in the market environment. a) strength b) weakness c) threat d) opportunity

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Answer: D

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Every business is characterized by a set of controllable variables called that determines the relative success (or lack of it) of market participants: a) distinctive competencies b) key success factors c) opportunities and threats d ) competitive edge

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Answer: B

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In franchising, pay fees and royalties to a in return for the right to sell its products or services under the franchiser 's trade name and often to use its business format and system. a) Franchiser, franchisee b) Franchisee, franchiser c) Franchise, business owner d) Business owner, parent company

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Answer: B

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Franchising is currently dominated by: a) auto dealers. b) service-oriented franchises. c) retail outlets. d) fast food restaurants.

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Answer: D

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franchising exists when a franchisee is licensed to sell specific products under the franchiser's brand name through a selective distribution system. a) Trade name b) Pure c) Conversion d) Product distribution

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Answer:D

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In franchising, a franchisee purchases only the right to become identified with the franchiser's trade name. a) trade name b) pure c) conversion d) product distribution

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Answer: A

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franchising involves providing the franchisee with a complete business system··the established name, the building layout and design, accounting systems, etc. a) Product distribution b) Trade name c) Pure d) Conversion

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Answer: C

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Most gasoline products are sold through the system of franchising. a) product distribution b) trade name c) pure d) conversion

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Answer: A

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McDonald's is an example of a franchise. a) conversion b) trade name c) product distribution d) pure

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Answer: D

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The success of franchising is largely due to: a) the economic growth of the United States and other developed nations, economies. b) more college students choosing to go to work for themselves rather than for corporations c) the mutual benefits it provides to the franchi ser and franchisee. d) all of these factors.

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Answer: D

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McDonald's worldwide success as a franchise can be attributed to a few simple strategies, including: a) complete customization of the menu to fit local tastes. b) ability to obtain prime locations in high-traffic areas. c) using U.S. managers and employees whenever possible. d) standardizing processes and closely managing workers.

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Answer: D

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A significant advantage a franchisee has over the independent small business owner is participation in the franchiser's. _ a) centralized and large-volume buying power b) social gatheri ngs c) profits d) policies

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Answer: A

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In view of the cause of most new business failures, probably the most valuable service provided franchisees by the franchiser is: a) management training and experience. b) national advertising. c) financial assistance. d) territorial protection.

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Answer: A

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The franchising boom spearheaded by in the late 1950s brought with it many prime investment opportunities. a) Dunkin Donuts b) McDonalds c) Burger King d) Subway

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Answer: B

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In franchising, the reputation of the franchiser is dependent on: a) their locations and popularity with the local customer. b) the brand name recognition and appeal. c) the rate of growth and the number of national outlets. d) the quality of the goods and services provided

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Answer: D

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Franchise advertising programs: a) are organized by the franchi ser but controlled locally by the franchisee. b) are an expense borne by the franchiser. c) require franchi sees to spend a minimum amount on local advertising. d) allow voluntary participation.

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Answer: C

question

When it comes to financial assistance for franchisees, the franchiser often: a) provides direct financing. b) assists in finding financing and occasionally provides direct assistance in a specific area. c) waives royalty fees for franchisees not making an adequate profit. d) generally does nothing, as finding financing is a requirement for qualifying for a franchise.

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Answer: A

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The primary advantage of buying a franchise over starting your own company is: a) in the purchase of the franchiser's experience, expertise, and products. b) the fact it is much less expensive than doing your own business start-up. c) the extensive assistance offered in finding start-up capital. d) the absolute territory protection offered by all franchisers

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Answer: A

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Most franchise experts consider the most important factor in the success of a franchise to be: a ) the simplicity of the idea. b) location. c) territorial protection . d ) financing.

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Answer: C

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Territorial protection in franchising: a ) varies according to industry. b) is basically every franchisee for him / herself. c) is absolute and u niform across ind ustries. d ) is no longer an issue for most fra nchisees.

answer

Answer: B

question

The failure rate for franchises is: a) ) higher tha n the rate for all new businesses. b) no different from the rate for all new businesses. c) lower than the rate for all new businesses. d) ) indeterminable beca use of the Right to Privacy Act

answer

Answer: C

question

When buying an existing business, the potential buyer should remember that: a ) it is a long process and the buyer should be patient. b) existing businesses often do not continue to be successful after a change in ownership. c) it is often more difficult to find capital for an existing business than it is for a start-u p. d ) he/she will likely have to make significant changes in the work force.

answer

Answer: A

question

One advantage of buying an existing business is: a ) you always get t he best location. b) the opportunity to participate in a national advertising campaign. c) equipment is installed and production capacity is known. d ) easy implementation of innovations and changes from past policies

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Answer: C

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When it comes to buyi ng an existing business, it is not uncommon to find it: a ) overpriced. b) difficult to finance. c) with accounts receivable worth more than face value. d ) bargain priced.

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Answer: A

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When buying an existing business, one should remember that: a) ) it is generally not important to independently evaluate the inventory. b) you are always buying goodwill with the tangible assets of the business. c) it is as easy to make change in an existing business as it is in a start-up. d ) the real reason for selling is seldom stated honestly.

answer

Answer: D

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The inventory in an existing business: a ) is always current and salable. b) usually a ppreciate overtime, making the business a bargain. c) needs to be checked for age and salability. d) ) is usually stated honestly and does not need independent auditing.

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Answer: C

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The first step an entrepreneur should take when acquiring an existing business is to: a) explore financing options. b) prepare a list of potential candidates. c) analyze his / her skills, a bilities, and interests in an honest self -audit. d ) contact existing business owners in the area and ask if their companies are for sale.

answer

Answer: C

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Once an entrepreneur has evaluated him / herself , the next step in the acquisition process would be to: a) ) explore financing options. b) prepare a list of potential candidates and investigate them. c) work on a smootht ransition. d) ) evaluate the physical condition of the business.

answer

Answer: B

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When conducting a self -evaluation , it is important to consider: a ) what kind of business you want to have and want to avoid. b) how much money you have to invest. c) what kind of people you like to work with. d) ) how good are your sales and negotiating skills.

answer

Answer: A

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The biggest source for the best companies to buy is: a ) business brokers b) commercial bankers. c) trade associations. d) the hidden market

answer

Answer: D

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The process of gathering information about the company, valuing the company, and performing a detailed review of all records, agreements, and compliance is called: a) a letter of intent. b) nondisclosure. c) valuation. d) due diligence.

answer

Answer: C

question

When negotiating the deal, the most important thing to remember is: a) terms are more important than the price paid. b) to negotiate the lowest possible price. c) often the difference in available funds can be made up by collecting accounts payable. d) the owner of the business always asks 14-22% more than he/she is willing to take.

answer

Answer: A

question

Perhaps the ideal source of financing the purchase of an existing business is: a) the seller. b) the Small Business Administration. c) a venture banker. d) your local bank.

answer

Answer: A

question

Which of the following statements concerning the financing of a business purchase is true? a) Often, the business seller is a poor source of financing. b) The buyer should be able to make the payments on the loans out of the company's cash flow. c) The buyer should begin arranging financing late in the purchasing process, to avoid the processing expenses if the deal falls through. d) Traditional lenders tend to be more eager to lend on an existing business than they are with a start-up.

answer

Answer: B

question

Which of the following is a way to smooth the transition of leadership/management from the seller of a business to the buyer? a) Focus on the customer, offer new incentives, improve customer service. b) Focus on the employees, listen to them, keep them informed. c) Concentrate on operations, updating equipment and changing processes. d) Visit your competitors and introduce yourself and get to know them.

answer

Answer: A

question

During the acquisition process, the potential buyer must sign a which is an agreement to keep all conversations and information secret and legally binds the buyer from telling anyone any information the seller shares with him/her. a) no compete covenant b) nondisclosure statement c) letter of intent d) purchase agreement

answer

Answer: B

question

In evaluating an existing business, entrepreneurs should seek to answer several questions, including: a) can financing be arranged? b) what business broker should I use? c) what industries will be "hot" in the future and is this business in one of them? d) what legal aspects should be considered

answer

Answer: D

question

The most common reasons owners of small- and medium-sized businesses give for selling their businesses are: a) need for money and low return on investment b) boredom and burnout. c) low return on investment and burnout. d) poor location and low return on investment

answer

Answer: C

question

Answering the question "What business am I in?" defines the company's: a ) mission. b) assessment of its own strengths and weaknesses. c) external opportunities and threats. d) goals and objectives

answer

Answer: A

STUDY

AP World History Baltimore And Ohio Railroad Civil And Political Rights History of the Americas IB History

US History Reconstruction Study Guide – Flashcards 17 terms

Tommy Mason

17 terms

Preview

US History Reconstruction Study Guide – Flashcards

question

Reconstruction

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The process by which the states that had seceded were reorganized as part of the Union after the Civil War

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Freedmen's Bureau

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An agency of the War Department set up in 1865 to assist freed slaves in obtaining relief, land, jobs, fair treatment, and education

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Radical Republicans

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A faction of American politicians in the Republican Party that strongly opposed slavery during the war and after the war distrusted ex-Confederates, demanding harsh policies for the former rebels, and emphasizing civil rights and voting rights for freedmen

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Andrew Johnson

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The 17th President of the United States; came to office as the Civil War concluded

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Thirteenth Amendment

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"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Formally abolished slavery; part of the Reconstruction Amendments

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Fourteenth Amendment

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An amendment to the U.S. constitution, ratified in 1868, defining national citizenship and forbidding the states to restrict the basic rights of citizens or other persons; part of the Reconstruction Amendments

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Fifteenth Amendment

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Granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Part of the Reconstruction Amendments

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Scalawags

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A white Southerner working for or supporting the federal government during Reconstruction

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Black Codes

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Any code of law that defined and especially limited the rights of former slaves after the Civil War

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Carpetbaggers

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A Northerner in the South after the American Civil War usually seeking private gain under the reconstruction governments

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Hiram Revels

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First black senator

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Sharecropping

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A tenant farmer especially in the southern United States who is provided with credit for seed, tools, living quarters, and food, who works the land, and who receives an agreed share of the value of the crop minus charges

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Ku Klux Klan

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A secret society organized in the South after the Civil War to reassert white supremacy by means of terrorism

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Thaddeus Stevens

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Congressional leader during Reconstruction who battled for freedmen's rights and insisted on stern requirements for readmission of Southern states into the Union after the Civil War

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Charles Sumner

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U.S. Senator from who was active before and after the Civil War in the movement to abolish slavery and give equal rights to black Americans

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Southern Democrats

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Members of the U.S. Democratic Party who reside in the American South; included whites in the South who believed in Jacksonian democracy. Believed that slavery was a good thing and promoted its expansion to the West

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Dred Scott

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United States slave who sued for liberty after living in a non-slave state

STUDY

Baltimore And Ohio Railroad Gross National Product Private Property Rights United States History-Other

Honors U.S. History Study Guide – Flashcards 60 terms

Brandon Ruffin

60 terms

Preview

Honors U.S. History Study Guide – Flashcards

question

By when had Americans transformed the United States into the world's leading industrial nation?

answer

By the late 1800s.

question

How much larger was the Gross National Product (GNP) in 1914 than at the end of the Civil War?

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Eight times greater than it had been in 1865.

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How did railroads help the nation to develop?

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They took settlers and miners to the American West and carried resources back to factories in the East.

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What product was petroleum turned into for use in lanterns and stoves?

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Petroleum was turned into kerosene for use in lanterns and stoves.

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How did a growing population help the nation's industrialists?

answer

It provided industry with an abundant workforce and created greater demand for consumer goods.

question

How many immigrants arrived in the United States between 1870 and 1910?

answer

More than 17 million immigrants arrived.

question

What inventions did Thomas Alva Edison's laboratory produce?

answer

The phonograph, elevator, lightbulb, battery, dictaphone, and the motion picture.

question

What innovation changed the textile industry?

answer

The Northrop automatic loom changed the textile industry.

question

What was the effect of mass production on shoe-making?

answer

Cobblers had nearly disappeared by 1900.

question

What did laissez-faire supporters believe about the role of government in economic affairs?

answer

That the government should not interfere in the economy other than to protect private property rights and maintain peace.

question

Who are people that risk capital in order to organize and run a business?

answer

People that risk capital in order to organize and run a business are entrepreneurs.

question

Where were the vast tracts of land that Congress gave to the railroads?

answer

The vast tracts of land that Congress gave to the railroads is West.

question

How was the United States different from Europe in regard to tariffs?

answer

The U.S. wanted high tariffs and Europe wanted low tariffs to promote trade.

question

What do laissez-faire supporters believe about tariffs?

answer

That they played a major role in the country's tremendous economic growth.

question

How did high tariffs hurt many Americans?

answer

Americans couldn't sell abroad.

question

The railroad boom began in 1862 when President Lincoln signed the

answer

Pacific Railway Act

question

The _______ __________ ____________ had primary investors who were known as _______ _______

answer

Central Pacific Railroad, the Big Four

question

Because of a _________ __ ______ in California, about 10,000 workers from _______ were hired.

answer

Shortage of labor, 10,000 workers from China were hired.

question

Railroad companies stimulated the economy by spending money on ______, _______, _______, and other necessities

answer

Steel, coal, and timber.

question

Railroad __________ resulted in _____ giant systems that controlled most rail traffic.

answer

construction, resulted in seven giant systems.

question

Before the 1880s, each community set its clocks by the ______ _________ ___ ______.

answer

sun's position at noon.

question

To make rail service safer and more ___________, the American Railway Association divided the country into four ______ ______

answer

reliable, four time zones.

question

During the 1850s and 1860s, the federal land grant system awarded railroad companies ______ _______ ______ ________ acres of land.

answer

more than 120 million.

question

Jay Gould was a railroad owner who was infamous for.....

answer

Corrupt Railroads

question

The _________ ___________ scandal involved public officials and stockholders of the Union Pacific Railroad.

answer

Crédit Mobilier

question

By the 1890s, more than half of all immigrants in the United States were from ________ & ________ Europe.

answer

Eastern & Southern Europe.

question

Many immigrants moved to avoid forced ________ ________ which in some nations could last for many years.

answer

Military Service

question

Jews living in Russia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire came to the United States to avoid....

answer

Religious Persecution

question

Most immigrants booked passage in __________ , the cheapest accommodations on a steamship.

answer

Steerage

question

How well immigrants adjusted depended partly on how quickly they learned __________ and adapted to American ___________.

answer

How quickly they learned English and adapted to American culture.

question

In the mid-1800s, the population of China was approximately

answer

430 million

question

The ____________ in China caused such death and suffering that thousands of Chinese left for the United States.

answer

Taiping Rebellion

question

In January 1910, California opened a barracks on..... to accommodate Asian immigrants.

answer

Angel Island

question

In the late 1800s, anti-immigrant feelings were largely directed against.....

answer

Asians, Jews, and Eastern Europeans.

question

Some native-born Americans feared the influx of ___________ into the mostly Protestant United States.

answer

Catholics

question

Many _______ _______ also opposed immigration, arguing that immigrants would work for low wages or accept work as ______________ .

answer

Many labor unions, accept work as strikebreakers.

question

The Workingman's Party of California was organized to...

answer

fight Chinese immigrants.

question

What was the number of United States cities in 1840? What had this number grown to by 1900?

answer

131 cities, and it had grown to more than 1700 by 1900.

question

What did most of the immigrants in the late 1800s lack?

answer

Money to buy farms, and an education to obtain higher-paying jobs.

question

What did cities have to offer that the rural areas did not?

answer

Cities offered more and better-paying jobs, electric lights, and running water.

question

What gave city landowners the incentive to grow upward rather than outward?

answer

The price of land rising as demand grew throughout the growth of city populations.

question

Who contributed to the design of skyscrapers?

answer

Louis Sullivan, who contributed lofty structures with simple lines and spacious windows using a new kind of glass.

question

What type of mass transit was first used in San Francisco?

answer

Horsecars, which are railroad cars pulled by horses.

question

Who was included in America's rising middle class?

answer

Doctors, lawyers, engineers, managers, social workers, architects, and teachers.

question

What were the living conditions of the working class?

answer

The living conditions of the working class is in crowded tenements/apartments.

question

What threats were presented by city living, especially for the working poor?

answer

The risks of crime, fire, disease, violence, and pollution.

question

What happened to the murder rate between 1880 and 1900?

answer

It jumped from 25 per million people to more than 100 per million people; it multiplied by four times.

question

What did Jacob Riis accuse of causing poverty, corruption, and suffering?

answer

Jacob accused saloons of doing those things.

question

What was a political machine?

answer

A political machine is an informal political group designed to gain and keep power.

question

What was an example of outright fraud among party bosses?

answer

When party bosses accepted bribes from contractors.

question

What organization was headed by William "Boss" Tweed?

answer

Tammany Hall, the New York City Democratic political machine.

question

What were two benefits of political machines, according to their defenders?

answer

They provided necessary services and helped to acquire the masses of new city peopl

question

Who wrote more than one hundred books expressing the idea of individualism in American society?

answer

Horatio Alger wrote more than 100 books.

question

What was the catchphrase for the concept of Social Darwinism?

answer

"Survival of the fittest."

question

Why did Andrew Carnegie donate millions of dollars for philanthropy?

answer

He wanted to help those give people information people needed to get ahead in life.

question

Who was considered to be an incomparable genius for works such as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?

answer

Samual Clemens/Mark Twain.

question

Where could people go to find free toilets and water for their horses?

answer

People went to saloons to find free toilets and water for their horses.

question

Why did outdoor games such as tennis and golf become popular in the late 1800s?

answer

As work become less tough, many people looked for physical exercise.

question

What term was used to describe government jobs that were handed out after an election victory?

answer

Spoils of office.

question

What is the nickname for the Republican Party?

answer

The "Mugwumps."

STUDY

AP United States History Baltimore And Ohio Railroad Great Railroad Strike History of the Americas Mary Harris Jones Social And Economic Conditions State And Federal Governments World History

US History Chapter 3- Industrialization – Flashcards 46 terms

Collin Foley

46 terms

Preview

US History Chapter 3- Industrialization – Flashcards

question

The US industrializes quickly due to...

answer

population- huge labor work force which stemmed from large families and immigrants, and created a greater demand for consumer goods resources- coal, iron, timber, copper

question

After the civil war, what happened to the US Gross National Product?

answer

the GNP (total value of goods and service) grew fast!

question

List the major materials that were part of the reason for the nations success in in 2nd Industrial Revolution

answer

petroleum (oil) chemicals electricity steel

question

Why was petroleum in high demand?

answer

petroleum was in high demand because it could be turned into kerosene (a type of fuel)- the American Oil Industry was built on the demand for kerosene

question

Who drilled in Titusville, Pennsylvania? What did he drill for? When did he drill?

answer

Edwin Drake Oil late 1850s

question

How did railroads help the nation to develop?

answer

railroads took settlers and miners to the west and carried resources back to the east

question

What inventions did Thomas Alva Edison produce?

answer

phonograph, electric generator, lightbulb

question

Cyrus Field and Alexander Graham Bell were responsible for 2 revolutionary breakthroughs in communication. What were they?

answer

Cyrus field laid a telegraph across the atlantic ocean (enabled faster communication between the US and Europe) Bell invented the telephone

question

what innovation changed the textile industry?

answer

The Northrop automatic loom-allowed cloth to be made more quickly power driven sewing machines, cloth cutters

question

what was the effect of mass production of shoe making?

answer

shoe production moved from small shops to large factories

question

what is a free enterprise system?

answer

an economic system with little or NO government regulation

question

what is laissez-faire?

answer

-a policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy -helped the country industrialize -relies on supply and demand to regulate wages and prices

question

what did laissez-faire supporters believe about the role of government in economic affairs?

answer

supporters believed that the government should NOT interfere in the economy other than to protect property rights and maintain peace

question

who are people that risk capital in order to organize or run a business?

answer

Entrepreneurs

question

what do laissez-faire supporters believe about tariffs?

answer

supporters favored free trade and opposed subsidies

question

how did high tariffs hurt americans?

answer

when the US raised tariffs against foreign goods, it hurt american companies who tried to sell their good abroad

question

Explain the Pacific Railway Act of 1862

answer

-the railroad boom began in the year 1862 with the Pacific Railway Act -this act gave 2 corporations- Union Pacific and Central Pacific-permission to build a transcontinental railroad

question

transcontinental railroad

answer

connects the US, helps industries grow, movement of products -began in Omaha, Nebraska with the Union Pacific railroad (1865) -built by irish immigrants, civil war veterans, and workers from china -completed in 4 years

question

Where did both railway companies meet after the transcontinental railroad was completed?

answer

Promontory Summit, Utah

question

In order to make rail service safer and more reliable, the country was divided into _____

answer

4 time zones (1883)

question

Why did the federal government issue land grants to railroad companies?

answer

since private investors could not raise the money needed to build railroads, the federal government gave lands grants to companies who sold the land to raise money for construction -this led to extreme wealth

question

Who are robber barons?

answer

-industrialists whose business dealings were unethical (lying, cheating, trying to make other companies collapse, etc) -Wealth from land grants led to accusations of swindling and bribery, resulting in many of railway owners being called robber barons -investors began bribing members of congress Examples- Jay Gould and Cornelius Vanderbilt (railroad entrepreneurs)

question

What was the Credit Mobilier Scandal of 1872

answer

-Fraud that involved several members of congress who had bought shares in a construction "dummy" company called Credit Mobilier (apart of Union Pacific Railroad) -Scandal led to an investigation but neither criminal nor civil charges were filed against anyone involved.

question

What was the Great Northern railroad? who built it?

answer

Wisconsin to Minnesota to Washington, without any federal land grants or subsidies shipment of goods in demand to China only railroad that was not eventually forced into bankruptcy built by James J Hill

question

Define corporation and explain how it functions. what are it advantages?

answer

Corporation- an organization owned by stockholders through shares of ownership called stock. With the money raised from selling stock, corporations could invest in new technologies, hire large workforces and purchase machines Advantages- could produce more goods at a lower cost

question

economies of scale

answer

the cost of manufacturing is decreased by producing goods quickly and in large quantities

question

explain the difference between fixed costs and operating costs

answer

fixed costs- solid, not changing (loans, mortgages, taxes) operating costs- money needed to produce (wages, shipping costs, buying raw materials)

question

Why is Andrew Carnegie important?

answer

Scottish immigrant invested in steel mill, bought the steel mill he did not monopolize because he had vertical integration of the steel industry (he had ALL levels of product, did everything himself)

question

what is important about the bessemer process?

answer

process created by Carnegie that made high quality steel quickly and cheaply

question

Define vertical integration. define horizontal immigration.

answer

vertical- occurs when a company owns all parts of the industrial process horizontal- monopoly, occurs when a company grows by buying its competitors

question

Who was John D. Rockefeller and his Standard Oil

answer

business leader who pushed for horizontal integration Rockefellers Standard Oil bought our all of its competitors, controlling 90 percent of the US oil industry (MONOPOLY- Control of one company)

question

why did americans fear monopolies?

answer

they believed that a monopoly could charge whatever it wanted for its products, so they attempted to stop monopolies by making it illegal for one company to own stock in another, however, companies found ways around the laws in "trusts", "holding companies" and "investment banking"

question

what is a trust?

answer

a trust is a legal arrangement that allows one person to manage another persons property. That person is called a trustee.

question

what is a holding company?

answer

a holding company does not produce anything itself but owns the stock of companies that do produce goods. It manages its companies investments and stocks

question

what is the purpose of investment banking

answer

when a person is willingly giving the banks their money to be invested into the stock market or into a company (possibility of gaining or losing money- GAMBLE) Ex. JP Morgan (investment banker)- bought Carnegie Steel company and turned it into the US Steel

question

in the 1800s the two types of industrial workers in the US were ...

answer

craft workers and common laborers

question

List a few techniques that companies used to stop workers from forming unions or discouraging them from joining

answer

lockouts, black lists

question

explain: The great railroad strike

answer

following the panic of 1873 ( a huge recession that struck the american economy and forced companies to cut wages), railroad workers across the country strikes by smashing equipment, tearing up tracks bloody, violet, etc

question

What was the Knights of Labor

answer

opposed strikes, preferring to use more peaceful means such as boycotts and arbitration to achieve goals such as an 8hr work day, equal pay for women, no child labor, etc

question

What was the Haymarket Riot of 1886

answer

supporters (Knights of Labor union) of the 8 hour work day called for a nationwide strike on May 1 at Chicago's Haymarket square -escalated quickly, bombs gunshots etc

question

explain: The Homestead Strike

answer

steel mill managed by Henry Frick proposed cutting wages and locked out employees led to strike

question

explain: The Pullman Palace Car Company strike of 1894

answer

railway workers organized a strike against the pullman palace car company when their wages were reduced. a federal court issued an injunction to stop the strike

question

what was the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?

answer

most powerful labor organization union of the 1800s led by Samuel Gompers represented the interests of skilled workers

question

what were the AFL's 3 goals

answer

8 hr workday closed shops and for companies to recognize unions

question

What was the Industrial workers of the world (IWW)

answer

more radical group wanted to organize all kinds of workers into one union

question

who was one of the most famous female labor organizers of the world?

answer

Mary haris Jones

STUDY

AP United States History Baltimore And Ohio Railroad Civil Law National Labor Union Skilled And Unskilled Workers

U.S. History G/T: The Rise of Labor Unions, 1880-1920 – Flashcards 15 terms

Maddison Bailey

15 terms

Preview

U.S. History G/T: The Rise of Labor Unions, 1880-1920 – Flashcards

question

Knights of Labor (KOL) 1869: Principles

answer

To reform society

question

American Federation of Labor (AFL) 1886

answer

To improve the working conditions of workers

question

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) 1905

answer

To destroy the current system

question

KOL: Goals

answer

- Pay is determined by effort - Unions recognized by employers - Equal pay - End of child labor

question

AFL: Goals

answer

- Higher wages - Shorter hours - Safer working conditions

question

IWW: Goals

answer

- Get rid of socialism and communism - Make everyone equal

question

KOL: Tactics

answer

- lobby for legislation - boycotts - collective bargaining - strikes

question

AFL: Tactics

answer

strikes

question

IWW: Tactics

answer

- strikes, lockouts - revolutions

question

KOL: Problems

answer

- division within the Union - plan was too radical

question

AFL: Problems

answer

Limited in numbers, but high success

question

IWW: Problems

answer

Very radical - government went after members

question

KOL: Membership

answer

Anyone - women, minorities, skilled/unskilled workers, etc.

question

AFL: Membership

answer

Skilled workers

question

IWW: Membership

answer

Accepted any worker

STUDY

AP United States History AP World History Baltimore And Ohio Railroad History of the Americas World History

Apush Ch. 17 Test Questions – Flashcards 39 terms

Kaitlynn Baldwin

39 terms

Preview

Apush Ch. 17 Test Questions – Flashcards

question

Cornelius Vanderbilt

answer

financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses, he concentrated railroads and popularized the use of steel in railroads

question

Jay Gould

answer

financier who gained control of the Erie Canal and who caused a financial panic in 1869 when he attempted to corner the gold market (1836-1892)

question

air brake

answer

helped train cars stop at the same time, making them more safe. created by George Westinghouse

question

sleeping car

answer

a passenger car that has berths for sleeping, created by George Pullman

question

Bessemer process

answer

an industrial process for making steel using a Bessemer converter to blast air through molten iron and thus burning the excess carbon and impurities, the first successful method of making steel in quantity at low cost

question

Mesabi

answer

Minnesota Iron range

question

Edwin Drake

answer

1859-drilled first oil well in the US, in PA

question

rebates

answer

Developed in the 1880s, a practice by which railroads would give money back to its favored customers, rather than charging them lower prices, so that it could appear to be charging a flat rate for everyone.

question

long haul/short haul inequity

answer

big businesses wanted to transport over long distances --> competition for cheaper transport, so railroad companies made long haul trips cheaper and short haul trips more expensive, because there was no competition

question

Alexander Graham Bell

answer

the inventor of the telephone

question

Morganizations

answer

JP Morgan's process of lending money to struggling railroad companies (due to the high competition) and then slowly taking them over. His reputation as a banker and financier also helped bring interest from investors to the businesses he took over

question

Trust

answer

a consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition by controlling the production and distribution of a product or service

question

General Electric

answer

in fear of technological competition, they created one of the first corporate laboratories in 1900, increasing corporate research and development labs, but causing a decline in government support in research. This attracted more skillful researchers and decentralized the sources of research funding.

question

Progress and Poverty

answer

Written by Henry George, critical of entrepreneurs, after studying poverty in America, determined that rich didn't pay fair share of taxes and proposed "Single Tax" on incremental value of land

question

Wealth Against Commonwealth

answer

1894- Henry Demarest Lloyd wrote this book advocating free trade

question

Gospel of Wealth

answer

This philosophy spouted by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism as well as promoted the idea of philanthropy.

question

Looking Backward

answer

book written by reformer Edward Bellamy; described experience of a young Bostonian who slept in 1887 and woke up in 2000 to find the social order changed, large trusts that had grown and combined to create one big one that would distribute the wealth among everyone and eliminate class divisions-called it nationalism

question

National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry

answer

This organization better known as the Grange, was organized in 1867 by Oliver H. Kelley; its objective was to enhance the lives of isolated farmers through social, educational, and fraternal activities; the Grangers gradually raised their goals from individual self-improvement to the farmer's collective plight

question

Munn v. Illinois

answer

1876; Munn, a partner in a Chicago warehouse firm, found guilty by an Illinois court of violating the state for fixing maximum charges for storage of grain. The Munn case allowed states to regulate certain businesses within their borders (intrastate), including railroads, and is commonly regarded as a milestone in the growth of federal government regulation.

question

Wabash Case

answer

This 1886 case overturned the earlier Munn vs. Illinois case. favorable to state regulation of those phases of interstate commerce upon which Congress itself had not acted. The court declared invalid an Illinois law prohibiting long- and short-haul clauses in transportation contracts as an infringement on the exclusive powers of Congress granted by the commerce clause of the Constitution. The result of the case was denial of state power to regulate interstate rates for railroads, and the decision led to creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission

question

Interstate Commerce Act

answer

1887- established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices

question

Laissez-Faire

answer

a policy based on the idea that government should play as small a role as possible in the economy

question

Sherman Anti-trust Act

answer

law that made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained free trade, First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions

question

United States v. E.C. Knight

answer

1895, Any action against manufacturing monopolies would have to be taken by the state. Sherman Anti-Trust Act did not prevent these.

question

Knights of Labor

answer

1869- first effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers, they were for protests but not strikes. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed mostly because people thought they had a part in the Haymarket Square Bombing, which ruined their reputation

question

Terence Powderly

answer

led the Knights of Labor, a skilled and unskilled union, wanted equal pay for equal work, an 8 hr work day and to end child labor.

question

Haymarket Square

answer

In Chicago, home to about 80,000 Knights and a few hundred anarchists that advocated a violent overthrow of the American government, tensions had been building, and on May 4, 1886, Chicago police were advancing on a meeting that had been called to protest brutalities by authorities when a dynamite bomb was thrown, killing or injuring several dozen people. This was called the Haymarket Square Bombing.

question

American Federation of Labor

answer

1886- (AFL) run by Samuel Gompers, a federation of North American labor unions that merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1955. They had bread and butter unionism: they wanted better wages and conditions and would strike

question

Samuel Gompers

answer

English- born president of the American Federation of Labor from 1886 to 1924

question

bread and butter

answer

a type of basic unionism, meant better wages and better conditions

question

Railroad strike of 1877

answer

strike on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad quickly spread across 11 states and shut down 2/3rds of the country's rail track; railroad workers were joined by an estimated 500,000 workers from other industries in an escalating strike that was quickly becoming national in scale; Hayes used federal troops to end the labor violence, but it was ultimately successful

question

Homestead Strike

answer

1892- steelworker strike protesting repeated wage cuts, near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. It was excessively violent and detrimental to the public view of labor unions

question

Pullman Strike

answer

Led by Eugene Debs. This was a nonviolent strike that brought about a shut down of western railroads. It took place against the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago in 1894, because of a wage cut of Pullman workers who lived in a Pullman town, where prices increased. It was ended by the president due to the interference with the mail system, and brought a bad image of unions.

question

Eugene Debs

answer

union leader, one of the founders of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World, he led the Pullman strike and was a five-time Socialist Party of America Presidential Candidate.

question

survival of the fittest

answer

process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection

question

Social Darwinism

answer

The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion and racism.

question

William Graham Sumner

answer

He was an advocate of laissaz-faire and Social Darwinism, claiming that the rich were a result of natural selection and benefits to society. He, like many others promoted the belief of Social Darwinism which justified the rich being rich, and poor being poor.

question

injunctions

answer

restrictions; limitations imposed on a person or institution's freedom. Particularity, , court ruling demanding strikers to stop actions that could hurt business

question

Reasons for flourishing American manufacturing

answer

1) new resources (oil, iron ore, exc.) 2) young, bright and energetic people 3) growth in population --> increase in the size of the market 4) protective tariffs shielded the market from foreign competition 5) European immigrants as workers 6) technological advancements

STUDY

AP European History AP United States History Baltimore And Ohio Railroad History of the Americas

APUSH CH 12 – Flashcards 55 terms

William Jordan

55 terms

Preview

APUSH CH 12 – Flashcards

question

603. All of the following were true of the American regular army on the eve of the War of 1812 except A) they were ill-trained and ill-disciplined. B) they were widely scattered. C) their numbers were large enough that they did not have to rely on the militia. D) most of the generals were leftovers from the Revolutionary War and lacked vigor and vision. E) there was no burning national anger to unite them.

answer

question

604. When the United States entered the War of 1812, it was A) militarily unprepared. B) allied with France. C) united in support of the war. D) fortunate to have a strong and assertive commander in chief. E) New England that pushed for the conflict.

answer

question

605. Canada became an important battleground in the War of 1812 because A) it was the economic hub of the New England economy. B) Canadians would be willing to help the Americans overthrow the imperial yoke of British rule. C) British forces were weakest there. D) most of the American regular army was already located in Canada. E) none of the above.

answer

question

606. The performance of the United States' Navy in the War of 1812 could be best described as A) poor because of their lack of skill. B) good but not as good as the army. C) non-existent. D) excellent due to the use of press gang crews. E) much better than that of the army.

answer

question

607. America's campaign against Canada in the War of 1812 was A) unusual for its brilliant military leadership. B) poorly conceived because it split-up the military. C) marked by good coordination of a complicated strategy. D) a failure because they focused all their attention on Montreal. E) a success on land but a failure on the water.

answer

question

608. Perhaps the key battle of the War of 1812, because it protected the United States from full-scale invasion and possible dissolution, was the Battle of A) Mackinac. B) Plattsburgh. C) the Thames. D) Horseshoe Bend. E) Fallen Timbers.

answer

question

609. British plans for their 1814 campaign did not include action in A) New York. B) the Chesapeake. C) Florida. D) New Orleans. E) Washington.

answer

question

610. The British attack on Fort McHenry A) resulted in another British victory. B) made possible the British invasion of Washington, D.C. C) inspired the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner." D) produced the "Bladensburg Races." E) resulted in the destruction of many British shops.

answer

question

611. The most devastating defeat suffered by the British during the War of 1812 took place at the Battle of A) New Orleans. B) Horseshoe Bend. C) Tippecanoe. D) the Thames. E) Fallen Timbers.

answer

question

612. The Battle of New Orleans A) resulted in one more American defeat. B) helped the United States to win the War of 1812. C) saw British troops defeated by Andrew Jackson's soldiers. D) prevented America from taking Canada. E) resulted in Louisiana becoming part of the United States.

answer

question

613. The Battle of New Orleans A) saw the British win another victory. B) followed a British defeat at Washington, D.C. C) was fought by the United States only for material gain. D) resulted in the British seeking peace. E) unleashed a wave of nationalism and self-confidence.

answer

question

614. One result of the American naval victories during the War of 1812 was A) a British naval blockade of the American coast. B) the improvement of the American fishing industry. C) an increase in British naval operations in Canadian waters. D) the final elimination of British raiding parties landing on America's east coast. E) more warships being built.

answer

question

615. At the peace conference at Ghent, the British began to withdraw many of its earlier demands for all of the following reasons except A) reverses in upper New York. B) a loss at Baltimore. C) increasing war weariness in Britain. D) concern about the still dangerous France. E) the American victory at New Orleans.

answer

question

616. The delegates of the Hartford Convention adopted resolutions that included a call for A) a Constitutional amendment requiring a two-thirds vote in Congress before war was declared. B) New England's secession from the Union. C) a separate peace treaty between New England and the British. D) the dissolution of the Federalist party. E) war with England.

answer

question

617. The resolutions from the Hartford Convention A) helped to cause the death of the Federalist party. B) resulted in the resurgence of states' rights. C) called for southern secession from the union. D) supported use of state militias against the British. E) called for the West to join the War of 1812.

answer

question

618. From a global perspective, the War of 1812 was A) a highly significant conflict. B) more important to Europeans than to Americans. C) of little importance. D) responsible for the defeat of Napoleon. E) more important than the American Revolution.

answer

question

619. In diplomatic and economic terms, the War of 1812 A) was a disaster for the United States. B) bred greater American independence. C) was considered a victory for Britain. D) resulted in the fall of the British government that concluded the conflict. E) was a disaster for Britain.

answer

question

620. The outcome of the War of 1812 was A) a decisive victory for the United States. B) a stimulus to patriotic nationalism in the United States. C) an embarrassment for American diplomacy. D) a heavy blow to American manufacturing. E) a decisive victory for the British.

answer

question

621. The Rush-Bagot agreement A) required the Indians to relinquish vast areas of tribal lands north of the Ohio River. B) ended the traditional mutual suspicion and hatred between the United States and Great Britain. C) limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes. D) provided for Canadian independence from Great Britain. E) gave Florida to the United States.

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622. After the War of 1812, Europe A) became more democratic and liberal. B) developed very close ties to the United States. C) continued to have an important impact on American shipping. D) returned to conservativism, illiberalism, and reaction. E) sought more trade with China.

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question

623. One of the most important by-products of the War of 1812 was A) a renewed commitment to states' rights. B) a heightened spirit of nationalism. C) a resurgence of the Federalist party. D) increased economic dependence on Europe. E) the subjugation of the Indians.

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624. One of the nationally recognized American authors in the 1820s was A) Washington Irving. B) Edgar Allan Poe. C) Walt Whitman. D) Stephen Decatur. E) Stephen Douglas.

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question

625. Post-War of 1812 nationalism could be seen in all of the following except A) the way in which American painters depicted the beauty of American landscapes. B) a revival of American religion. C) the building of a more handsome national capital. D) an expanded army and navy. E) development of a national literature.

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626. At the end of the War of 1812, British manufacturers A) discontinued trade with America. B) conducted only limited trade with America. C) began dumping their goods in America at extremely low prices. D) demanded a high tariff against American goods. E) saw their profits fall dramatically.

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question

627. The Tariff of 1816 was the first in American history A) to be enacted without the consent of Congress. B) intended to raise revenue. C) that aimed to protect American industry. D) to impose taxes on American goods. E) designed to protect Southern agriculture.

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question

628. Henry Clay's call for federally funded roads and canals received whole-hearted endorsement from A) President Madison. B) New England. C) the West. D) Jeffersonian Republicans. E) the South.

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question

629. New England opposed the American System's federally constructed roads because A) they cost too much. B) the Democratic-Republicans favored them. C) canals were a superior means of transportation. D) they would drain away needed population to the West. E) they were poorly constructed.

answer

question

630. Democratic-Republicans opposed Henry Clay's American System because A) it favored only the South. B) it would provide stiff competition to the Erie Canal. C) they believed that it was unconstitutional. D) the Bonus Bill of 1817 made it unnecessary. E) they favored a road system that included Canada.

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question

631. The Era of Good Feelings A) was characterized by the absence of any serious problems. B) was noted for cooperation between the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists. C) marked a temporary end to sectionalism by uniting all parts of the country. D) was a misnomer, because the period was a troubled one. E) saw the start of the Whig political party.

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question

632. With the demise of the Federalist party, A) the Democratic-Republicans established one-party rule. B) another party arose very quickly to take its place. C) little political trouble ensued. D) sectionalism disappeared. E) the Whig party rose to take its place.

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question

633. The panic of 1819 brought with it all of the following except A) inflation. B) unemployment. C) bank failures. D) debtor's prisons. E) bankruptcies.

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question

634. One of the major causes of the panic of 1819 was A) bankruptcies. B) overspeculation in frontier lands. C) deflation. D) the failure to recharter the Bank of the United States. E) a drought that resulted in poor agricultural production.

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question

635. The western land boom resulted from all of the following except A) it was a continuation of the old westward movement. B) land exhaustion in older tobacco states. C) speculators accepted small down payments. D) the frontier was pacified with the defeat of the Indians. E) the construction of railroad lines west of the Mississippi River.

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question

636. One of the demands made by the West to help it to grow was A) sound money. B) a stronger Bank of the United States. C) cheap money. D) the closing of "wildcat" banks. E) higher land prices to gain more revenue for the territories.

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637. When the House of Representatives passed the Tallmadge Amendment in response to Missouri's request for admission to the Union, the South thought that the amendment A) would threaten the sectional balance. B) might keep alive the institution of slavery. C) would slow the growth of the West. D) would silence the abolitionists. E) would keep Maine out of the union.

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638. The first state entirely west of the Mississippi River to be carved out of the Louisiana Territory was A) Kansas. B) Louisiana. C) Texas. D) Arkansas. E) Missouri.

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639. As a result of the Missouri Compromise A) there were more slave than free states in the Union. B) slavery was outlawed in all states north of the forty-second parallel. C) slavery was banned north of 36° 30 in the Louisiana Purchase territory. D) Missouri was required to free its slaves when they reached full adulthood. E) there were more free states than slave states in the Union.

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question

640. All of the following were results of the Missouri Compromise except that A) extremists in both the North and South were not satisfied. B) Missouri entered the Union as a slave state. C) Maine entered the Union as a free state. D) sectionalism was reduced. E) the balance between the North and South was kept even.

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641. In interpreting the Constitution, John Marshall A) favored "loose construction." B) supported "strict construction." C) supported an unchanging document. D) advocated state control of interstate commerce. E) set few precedents.

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642. John Marshall uttered his famous legal dictum that "the power to tax involves the power to destroy" in A) Gibbons v. Ogden. B) Fletcher v. Peck. C) McCulloch v. Maryland. D) Dartmouth College v. Woodward. E) Marbury v. Madison.

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643. In McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden, Chief Justice Marshall's rulings limited the extent of A) states' rights. B) judicial review. C) federalism. D) constitutionalism. E) federal authority.

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644. People moved into the Old Northwest for all of the following reasons except A) better transportation. B) the Indian threat was gone. C) to achieve better social position. D) to get their own democratic community. E) as a haven for runaway slaves.

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645. Settlers from the South who moved into the Old Northwest territory were known as A) Yankees. B) carpet baggers. C) planters. D) slave holders. E) Butternuts.

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646. When moving to the Old Northwest, settlers from the North wanted to do all of the following except A) tame the land. B) tame the people. C) oppose increased taxes to fund their programs. D) build canals. E) build roads.

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647. John Marshall's rulings upheld a defense of property rights against public pressure in A) McCulloch v. Maryland. B) Marbury v. Madison. C) Cohens v. Virginia. D) Fletcher v. Peck. E) Gibbons v. Ogden.

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648. The United States' most successful diplomat in the Era of Good Feelings was A) John C. Calhoun. B) Daniel Webster. C) John Quincy Adams. D) Andrew Jackson. E) James Monroe.

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649. The Treaty of 1818 with England A) used the watershed of the Missouri River to define the United States' border with Canada as far west as the Rocky Mountains. B) formally recognized America's earlier conquest of West Florida. C) called for a ten-year joint occupation of the Oregon country by both American citizens and British subjects. D) granted Canada exclusive use of Newfoundland fisheries. E) saw the United States forced to give up its tariffs on British goods.

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650. Andrew Jackson's military exploits were instrumental in the United States gaining A) a favorable border with Canada from the Great Lakes to the Rocky Mountains. B) possession of Florida from the Spanish. C) joint fishing rights in Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland. D) naval limitations on the Great Lakes. E) gaining control of eastern Texas.

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651. Spain sold Florida to the United States because it A) wanted to help America to become a rival to Britain. B) could not defend the area and would lose it in any case. C) received America's promise to give up claims to Oregon. D) was pulling out of the Western Hemisphere. E) decided to concentrate its efforts in Mexico.

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652. Britain opposed Spain's reestablishing its authority in Latin American countries that had successfully revolted because A) Britain had now allied itself with France. B) Britain had great sympathy toward democratic revolutions. C) the United States had asked for such a policy. D) the ports of these nations were now open to lucrative trade. E) it wanted to take control of these nations.

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653. The doctrine of non-colonization in the Monroe Doctrine was A) applicable only to Central and South America. B) a response to the apparent designs of the Russians in Alaska and Oregon. C) included in the doctrine only over the opposition of Secretary of State John Quincy Adams. D) mostly a symbolic gesture of goodwill to the Latin American republics. E) aimed at British efforts to gain control over Cuba.

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654. At the time it was issued, the Monroe Doctrine was A) incapable of being enforced by the United States. B) greeted with enthusiasm and gratitude in South America. C) universally acclaimed in Britain as a great act of statesmanship. D) welcomed with relief by European powers who feared British power in the Western Hemisphere. E) opposed by both the Whigs and the Democratic-Republicans.

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655. Latin America's reaction to the Monroe Doctrine can best be described as A) enthusiastic. B) fearful of the United States. C) unconcerned or unimpressed. D) relying on Britain to void it. E) none of the above.

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656. The Russo-American Treaty of 1824 fixed the southernmost limits of Russian occupation of North America at A) 54° 40. B) 36° 30. C) the forty-second parallel. D) the forty-ninth parallel. E) the fifty-first parallel.

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657. The Monroe Doctrine was A) a striking new departure in American foreign policy. B) quickly codified into international law. C) a binding pledge on each subsequent presidential administration. D) an expression of the illusion of deepening American isolationism from world affairs. E) a commitment by the United States to internationalism.

answer

STUDY

AP United States History Baltimore And Ohio Railroad Early United States History History of the Americas World History

Give me liberty 9-12 – Flashcards 233 terms

Patrick Thompson

233 terms

Preview

Give me liberty 9-12 – Flashcards

question

America's early factories drew largely upon the labor of women and children.

answer

True

question

Early New England textile mills relied largely on the labor of:

answer

women and children.

question

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

answer

work begun on National Road; steamboat introduced on Mississippi River; work begun on Erie Canal; work begun on Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

question

Which was not an aspect of women's changing role in the context of the expansive and dynamic growth of the market economy in nineteenth-century America?

answer

In the new, competitive, capitalist marketplace, women were to grow increasingly into captains of industry, becoming leaders of some of the nation's most important industries.

question

The rise of the corporation was crucial to the success of the market economy.

answer

True

question

Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin improved the lives of millions of African-Americans.

answer

False

question

During the first half of the 1800s, the U.S. economy experienced explosive growth in output and trade, and a rise in the standard of living for millions of Americans. This dynamic and expansive growth was, in part, a consequence of the rise of factories, a transportation revolution via canal and rail, a communications revolution spurred by invention of the telegraph, increasing agricultural yields and the mechanization of farm equipment, a rising prosperity for financial institutions, and larger cities. Historians call this new economy:

answer

the market revolution or market economy.

question

Henry David Thoreau held the view that people were being stifled by modern society, and trapped in boring, dead-end jobs by their obsessive desire to earn money.

answer

True

question

Which was not an innovation associated with the market revolution of the first half of the nineteenth century?

answer

Telephones

question

With the Second Great Awakening, American Christianity became more hierarchical and out of touch with the common folk.

answer

False

question

By the 1840s, most working people outside the South toiled in large factories.

answer

False

question

"Slave coffles . . . became a common sight." Define "coffles."

answer

groups chained to one another

question

Which of the following destroyed Henry David Thoreau's commune with nature?

answer

a train

question

Which of the following was not a feature of westward expansion during the early to mid-1800s?

answer

Cities had no significant presence in the expanding West.

question

Of the following projects, New York City's commercial ascent was owed chiefly to:

answer

the Erie Canal.

question

The common nineteenth-century view was that men are naturally aggressive, rational, and domineering, while women are naturally nurturing, selfless, and ruled by emotions.

answer

True

question

For the expanding middle class, it became a badge of respectability for wives to remain at home.

answer

True

question

What 1793 invention spurred the rise of the Cotton Kingdom and fueled demand for slaves?

answer

cotton gin

question

The Second Great Awakening was:

answer

a popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s.

question

Millions of Americans' lives were improved by the nineteenth-century market revolution.

answer

True

question

With the market revolution, the artisanal workshop gave way to relentless pressure for greater output and lower wages.

answer

True

question

Free blacks were largely denied access to the material opportunities generated by the market revolution.

answer

True

question

What effect did the Embargo of 1807 have on manufacturing in the United States?

answer

stimulated its growth

question

During the 1820s and 1830s, an emergent labor movement began voicing concerns about harsh working conditions, economic insecurity, and growing inequalities of wealth.

answer

True

question

The "American system of manufactures":

answer

was the mass production of interchangeable parts into rapidly built, standardized products.

question

In the nineteenth century, barred from schools and other facilities, free black Americans constructed their own institutional life, centered on churches, educational, and mutual aid societies.

answer

True

question

Ralph Waldo Emerson was the author of Walden. True

answer

False

question

There was a rapid decline in the birthrate during the course of the nineteenth century, such that from an average of seven children per family, by 1900 women on average had four children.

answer

True

question

As a consequence of the expansive growth in the U.S. economy associated with the market revolution, skilled free black workers found their status and incomes rising.

answer

False

question

Which was not an element of the Second Great Awakening?

answer

It emphasized predestination and the importance of each soul as being in the hands of an angry God.

question

Industrialization, a key element in the dynamic and expansive growth of the market economy, was most notable in the northeastern United States.

answer

True

question

In Commonwealth v. Hunt, Massachusetts chief justice Lemuel Shaw decreed that there was nothing inherently illegal in workers organizing a union or a strike.

answer

False

question

"Manifest destiny" was:

answer

the belief that the United States had a God-given mission to expand westward.

question

Ralph Waldo Emerson was which of the following?

answer

a transcendentalist

question

In Thoreau's view, the market revolution degraded both people's values and the natural environment.

answer

True

question

Democracy in America was written by:

answer

Alexis de Tocqueville.

question

The 1825 completion of the 363-mile Erie Canal connected:

answer

the Great Lakes with New York City.

question

The market revolution in the nineteenth-century United States produced dynamic and expansive growth in the nation's output and in trade, and a rising standard of living for millions of Americans.

answer

True

question

Expanding networks of toll roads, steamboats, canals, and railroads were essential to the takeoff of the market revolution.

answer

True

question

Which of the following was not a significant trend in American thought during the market revolution?

answer

a belief that one's spiritual salvation was purely a matter of chance

question

Cotton gin was a beverage invented by Eli Whitney.

answer

False

question

In the nineteenth century, a married woman could not legally sign independent contracts; she could not sue someone in court in her own name; and not until after the Civil War could she, not her husband, control the wages she earned.

answer

True

question

The court case in which it was held that workers' unions are not illegal was

answer

Commonwealth v. Hunt.

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The largest group of immigrants to the United States during the 1840s and 1850s came from Ireland, which was then in the throes of the great potato famine.

answer

True

question

The distribution of wealth was fairly even in the nineteenth-century United States.

answer

False

question

From the 1830s to the 1850s, Americans were largely a sedentary lot who lived out their lives in the locale in which they were born.

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False

question

Some women served as preachers in the African Methodist Episcopal Church.

answer

True

question

America's first successful factory was established in 1790 by:

answer

Samuel Slater at Pawtucket, Rhode Island.

question

In the period between 1820 and 1840, what two states combined saw the biggest spread (increase) in cotton cultivation?

answer

Louisiana and Mississippi

question

For Ralph Waldo Emerson, freedom was:

answer

an open-ended process of self-realization by which individuals could remake themselves.

question

The Supreme Court did little to promote the entrepreneurial agenda of the market revolution.

answer

False

question

Chicago's spectacular growth between 1830 and 1860 was principally due to

answer

railroads.

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Which of the following was not a mounting source of concern over the effects of the market revolution?

answer

America's failure to attract many newcomers from Europe

question

The market revolution swept over the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century.

answer

True

question

Workingmen formed political parties in the late 1820s and among the goals of these ephemeral political parties were free public education, an end to imprisonment for debt, and a ten-hour workday.

answer

True

question

Which of the following was not an innate characteristic of women, according to the "cult of domesticity"?

answer

analytical insight

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American industrialization first took off in:

answer

New England.

question

Which of the following was not a key difference between traditional artisan production and the new factory system

answer

Artisans generally labored under closer supervision than did factory workers.

question

The proper chronological order for presidents from 1817 forward is: Monroe, J. Q. Adams, Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison, and Tyler.

answer

True

question

Giving a political office to someone based on party service is called:

answer

the spoils system.

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Which of the following questions was not a key focus of political controversy during the Jackson years?

answer

Should women have the right to vote?

question

The Panic of 1819 was caused by

answer

the land bubble burst and its ensuing economic panic.

question

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

answer

announcement of American System program; Missouri controversy; "Tariff of Abominations"; veto of Second Bank recharter

question

As a boy, Andrew Jackson had almost been killed when, during the War for Independence, a British officer struck him with his sword after the boy refused to polish the soldier's boots.

answer

True

question

A significant theme of the Monroe Doctrine was that:

answer

European powers should refrain from further colonization in the Americas.

question

What was Andrew Jackson's nickname?

answer

Old Hickory

question

Which is not an element of Chief Justice John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

answer

Marshall found that contracts between states and private citizens could not be abridged.

question

When Thomas Jefferson wrote, "This momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror," he was referring to:

answer

the westward expansion of slavery.

question

Which of the following was not a key difference between the Democrats and the Whigs during the Jackson years?

answer

The Democrats were united in opposition to paper money; the Whigs were united in support of it.

question

Which was not an element in the 1841 Dorr War?

answer

The war's bloodshed led to the deaths of more than 246 people, and to Dorr's execution.

question

The leading theorist of nullification and states' rights by 1831 was the vice president of the United States.

answer

True

question

The Panic of 1819 left many Americans uneasy about the market revolution.

answer

True

question

The charter for the Bank of the United States was renewed in 1811.

answer

False

question

During James Madison's presidential terms, two-party political competition completely disappeared.

answer

False

question

As working-class whites gained equal rights in the political arena, they grew increasingly critical of racial inequality.

answer

False

question

Free blacks gained the right to vote in every state in the Union after 1800.

answer

False

question

The "Era of Good Feelings" was so-called because:

answer

they were years of one-party government.

question

In the election of 1824, John Quincy Adams won the popular vote, but lost the electoral vote.

answer

False

question

Often, political cartoons criticizing Andrew Jackson illustrated him as a king.

answer

True

question

The 1836 Specie Circular declared that the federal government would accept only specie (gold and silver) in payment for public land.

answer

True

question

Which was not a way women became increasingly active in the public sphere during the early nineteenth century?

answer

They exercised the suffrage after 1807.

question

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was renounced by President Jackson.

answer

False

question

Andrew Jackson and his supporters publicly argued that the Presidential Election of 1824 had been determined in his favor by a "corrupt bargain" between some of the participants.

answer

False

question

President Andrew Jackson's inauguration was a quiet affair in which a small group of close-knit friends of the new president met at the White House for a solemn, elite dinner.

answer

False

question

All of the states that entered the Union after the original thirteen made property ownership a requirement of voting, at least for a time.

answer

False

question

America was a much less highly stratified society than Europe.

answer

True

question

President Jackson's critics called him "King Andrew."

answer

True

question

The portion of President James Monroe's 1823 annual message to Congress that asserted that the United States would oppose further efforts at colonization by European powers in the Americas, that the United States would stay out of European wars, and that European powers were not to interfere with the newly independent Latin American states is called the:

answer

Monroe Doctrine.

question

Which of the following was not a significant development during the decade following Jackson's presidency?

answer

President Van Buren shifted vast amounts of federal funds to state banks.

question

The second Bank of the United States held all the funds of the federal government.

answer

True

question

McCulloch v. Maryland ruled that:

answer

the Bank of the United States was constitutionally legal.

question

Although denied the ballot, women found a voice in the public sphere during the 1820s and 1830s.

answer

True

question

Which of the following did Andrew Jackson believe was associated with the outcome of the election of 1824?

answer

a corrupt bargain

question

Culturally speaking, in the United States the right to vote is tantamount to being a citizen.

answer

True

question

Which of the following was not a trend in American democracy during the 1820s and 1830s?

answer

Ironically, as the number of eligible voters rose, voter turnout in elections declined.

question

Andrew Jackson appealed to the changing voting pool because he represented those that came from generations of wealth and supported a strong federal government-controlled nation.

answer

False

question

How much of the adult white male population in the United States could vote by 1840?

answer

approximately 90 percent

question

Martin Van Buren's presidency, to a large degree, was occupied in dealing with issues arising from the Panic of 1837.

answer

True

question

The election of 1824 injured Henry Clay's political career.

answer

True

question

Andrew Jackson was the standard-bearer for which political party?

answer

Democrats

question

Which of the following was a factor in the split between Andrew Jackson and John Calhoun?

answer

the Peggy Eaton situation

question

The election of 1824 resulted in Andrew Jackson being elected president that year.

answer

False

question

Which of the following was a factor in the split between Andrew Jackson and John Calhoun?

answer

the Nullification Crisis

question

President James Madison favored a system of national economic incentives for manufacturers, a protective tariff, a new national bank, and federal financing of roads and canals that came to be known as:

answer

the American System.

question

Both John C. Calhoun and Andrew Jackson believed in states' rights to nullify federal law.

answer

False

question

A significant element of the American System was:

answer

all of the above.

question

Which was not part of the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

answer

The children of slaves already in Missouri were to be freed at age twenty-five.

question

Define "suffrage" as used in the sentence, "Suffrage was the 'the first mark of liberty, the only true badge of the freeman.'

answer

the vote

question

According to Martin Van Buren, political parties could serve to check the power of officeholders, counteract sectional divisions, and provide voters with genuine alternatives.

answer

True

question

The 1828 "tariff of abominations" led to the Nullification Crisis.

answer

True

question

By 1860, most states had eliminated ____________ from their voting requirements.

answer

property restrictions

question

Which was not an attribute of Alexis de Tocqueville's vision of democracy?

answer

All Americans over age 21 ought to, Tocqueville wrote, have the right to vote.

question

The Dorr War revolved around the issue of whether propertyless white men should have the right to vote.

answer

True

question

Between Democrats and Whigs, the Democrats found greater support among Catholic immigrants, subsistence farmers, and urban workers; the Whigs found greater support among wealthy landowners, well-connected businessmen, and Evangelical Protestants.

answer

True

question

Which of the following was not a paradoxical feature of Andrew Jackson's public career?

answer

Although suspicious of creditors and paper money, he was a leading defender of the Bank of the United States.

question

What political party was organized to oppose President Jackson?

answer

Whigs

question

Which was not an aspect of the pageantry surrounding elections in nineteenth-century American democracy?

answer

the secret ballot

question

Despite his reputation for stubbornness, President Jackson proved timid and conciliatory during the Nullification Crisis and the Bank War.

answer

False

question

Labor on rice plantations in South Carolina and Georgia was generally done by:

answer

task labor.

question

Separated by large gaps in wealth and breeding, planters and poorer whites of the Old South seldom found anything in common.

answer

False

question

Which of the following was not true of the plain white folk of the Old South?

answer

Like slaves, they had few civil or political rights.

question

For slaves, slavery meant constant fear that their families might be destroyed by sale, incessant toil, and brutal punishment.

answer

True

question

Which of the following was not a frequent mode of slave resistance?

answer

deadly assaults on slaveholders

question

After a brief period of apprenticeship, the end of slavery in Britain came on August 1, 1838.

answer

True

question

By 1860, more than half of the United States' exports were in:

answer

cotton

question

During the early to mid-1800s, sugar produced in the slave South was America's leading export.

answer

False

question

In 1860, the largest economic investment in the United States was in:

answer

slaves.

question

Which of the following was not a central theme of planter ideology?

answer

There is no place for fixed social hierarchies in a democratic republic.

question

Which of the following was not a feature of slave culture?

answer

a notable indifference to gender roles

question

"Slave patrols" were:

answer

farmers who kept a lookout for runaway slaves.

question

According to abolitionist and former slave, Frederick Douglass, "not to give a slave enough to eat, is regarded as the most aggravated development of meanness, even among slaveholders."

answer

True

question

Which was not a condition of slavery?

answer

Slaves were not allowed to carry shotguns in South Carolina.

question

In the fifty years following the end of the international slave trade in 1808, the number of slaves in the United States fell by 50 percent.

answer

False

question

Slaves had many ways to "quietly" resist the power of the slave owners—from feigning illness, to wrecking tools, to performing inadequate labor.

answer

True

question

What happened to the 135 enslaved persons who in 1841 seized the ship, the Creole, and sailed to Nassau in search of freedom?

answer

They were given refuge in the British Caribbean.

question

The southern state with the largest free black population in relation to its total African-American population was?

answer

Delaware

question

Approximately how many enslaved individuals ran away to the North each year?

answer

1,000

question

Which was not a restriction on free blacks in the Old South?

answer

They could own dogs and firearms.

question

By 1860, economic investment in the United States in slaves exceeded the total economic investment in the nation's factories, railroads, and banks combined.

answer

True

question

The Underground Railroad ran on steel tracks (after its iron ones were replaced) that were generally hidden in forest growth.

answer

False

question

Which was not the case for free blacks?

answer

Most free blacks rose to the status of skilled, middle-class workers.

question

The most influential African-American of the nineteenth century and the nation's leading advocate of racial equality was:

answer

Frederick Douglass.

question

Cotton was "king" during the first half of the nineteenth century. Three-fourths of the world's supply came from the United States, and textile manufacturers in New England, Great Britain, France, and Russia depended on the American cotton supply. Define "textile."

answer

woven cloth

question

Cotton was the major agricultural crop of the South and, indeed, the nation, but slaves also grew rice, sugarcane, tobacco, and hemp.

answer

True

question

Which was not a job slaves occupied?

answer

businessman

question

In the Old South, the percentage of white families that owned slaves was approximately:

answer

25 percent.

question

Slaves on cotton plantations found harsher work conditions but greater autonomy than did those on rice plantations.

answer

False

question

"In southern cities, thousands of slaves were employed as skilled artisans." Define "artisan."

answer

skilled craftsman

question

Slaves made up a significant portion of the Old South's

answer

all of the above.

question

As acts of self-empowerment, enslaved individuals often:

answer

broke tools

question

Improvements in the slaves' living conditions were meant to strengthen slavery, not undermine it.

answer

True

question

Following the Nat Turner Rebellion, the Virginia legislature discussed the possibility of abolishing slavery within the state.

answer

True

question

Which is not part of the generally accepted account of the 1822 conspiracy led by Denmark Vesey

answer

Vesey and his followers killed or maimed 37 whites.

question

During the 1830s, '40s, and '50s, elaborate defenses of slavery grew more and more common in southern public life.

answer

True

question

Nat Turner:

answer

led an 1831 slave uprising in Virginia, killing about sixty whites.

question

The laws of almost all southern states recognized the legality of slave marriages.

answer

False

question

Often, many slaves supplemented the food provided by their owners with other food items including chickens and vegetables they raised themselves.

answer

True

question

Which of the following does not apply to the comparative experience of slaves and free blacks in the Old South?

answer

Between 1800 and 1860 the material conditions of free blacks steadily improved, while those of slaves steadily deteriorated.

question

Slaveowners had many ways to enforce discipline among their slaves—from physical punishment, to material incentives, to the threat of sale.

answer

True

question

John C. Calhoun of South Carolina considered "the most false and dangerous of all political errors," the view that:

answer

all men are created equal and entitled to liberty.

question

In 1860, the South as a whole produced less than 10 percent of the nation's manufactured goods.

answer

True

question

During the 1830s, '40s, and '50s, southern whites increasingly viewed the region's free black population as a threat to the system of slavery.

answer

True

question

By the mid-nineteenth century (1800s), all states had made it illegal to kill a slave except in self-defense.

answer

True

question

Whose name is most often associated with the Underground Railroad?

answer

Harriet Tubman

question

In 1860, three of four white families owned no slaves.

answer

True

question

In the years before the Civil War, the wealthiest Americans were:

answer

planters in South Carolina and Mississippi.

question

The prevalence of plantation slavery kept the South from matching northern rates of immigration, industrial development, and urban growth.

answer

True

question

Which of the following was not a part of slavery's impact on the northern economy?

answer

Slave labor in the southern Cotton Belt undermined cotton production in the North.

question

In 1850, most slaveowning families owned five or fewer slaves.

answer

True

question

In American slave culture, jumping over a broomstick was associated with which of the following acts?

answer

marriage

question

A small number of African-Americans owned slaves in the Old South.

answer

True

question

In the midst of the American antebellum era, the British Parliament launched a program for abolishing slavery throughout the British Empire in 1831.

answer

True

question

Slaves knew little of Christianity or the Bible, and slave masters usually withheld access to religion from their enslaved labor.

answer

False

question

As a group, Irish immigrants were one of the biggest supporters of the temperance movement.

answer

False

question

At Oneida, founded in 1848 in New York State, John Humphrey Noyes did away with private property and developed the idea of "complex marriage." "Complex marriage" at Oneida meant:

answer

any man and any woman could have sexual relations at any time so long as the relationship was mutual and was recorded in a public record book.

question

As a driving force in the creation of public schools for all, Horace Mann promoted the idea that schools were training free individuals, which he believed meant people who might follow any desire they had, from hedonism to zoology.

answer

False

question

The 1836 "gag rule":

answer

prohibited consideration of petitions calling for emancipation in the House of Representatives.

question

The region of the United States that came to be known as the "burned-over district" as a consequence of the many religious revivals that flourished there in the early nineteenth century was:

answer

Upstate New York and northern Ohio.

question

Which of the following was not a feature of the emergent American feminism of the 1840s?

answer

Feminist leaders like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott confined their focus to the quest for suffrage; for them, demands for equality in other areas seemed trivial by comparison.

question

As a driving force in the creation of public schools for all, Horace Mann promoted all of the following views except that:

answer

schools were training free individuals, which he believed meant people who might follow any desire they had, from hedonism to zoology.

question

The Liberty Bell took its name not from eighteenth-century American Revolutionaries, but instead, from nineteenth-century abolitionists.

answer

True

question

Brook Farm was a vibrant, successful, and active community for more than a century.

answer

False

question

Horace Mann believed that freedom could derive only from self-discipline and self-control.

answer

True

question

Which of the following was not true of race relations within the abolitionist movement?

answer

a spirit of courage and defiance in the face of broad, often violent hostility

question

By 1860, tax-supported school systems for children had been established in every state.

answer

False

question

Beginning in 1816, the American Colonization Society:

answer

wished both to abolish slavery and send American blacks to Africa.

question

Abby Kelley was one of the foremost female orators in the country during her time.

answer

True

question

The suppression of abolitionism provoked broad outrage among northerners, including many who had little compassion for the plight of slaves.

answer

True

question

Dancing was forbidden in Shaker settlements.

answer

False

question

The American Colonization Society called for:

answer

a gradual end to slavery and the resettlement of blacks outside the United States.

question

Harriet Beecher Stowe was most famous for running the Underground Railroad.

answer

False

question

The richly diverse voluntary associations that developed in early-nineteenth-century United States included all of the following except societies to

answer

shorten the hours of labor for farmers to eight in a day.

question

According to Frederick Douglass, the heritage of the American Revolution and the founding fathers had nothing to offer blacks.

answer

False

question

At the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention in New York, Elizabeth Cady Stanton modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on:

answer

the Declaration of Independence.

question

Which of the following was not a distinguishing feature of the new abolitionism of the 1830s?

answer

a conviction that if abolition was not soon achieved by "moral suasion," then violent measures would become necessary

question

Dorothea Dix was a leading advocate of abolitionism.

answer

False

question

In the absence of a strong national government, American social and political activity was organized through voluntary associations such as churches, fraternal societies, and political clubs.

answer

True

question

As a driving force in the creation of public schools for all, Horace Mann promoted the idea that universal public education would encourage the good of society by bringing children of all economic classes together in a common learning experience.

answer

True

question

American reform efforts during the 1820s and 1830s:

answer

raised and addressed a variety of issues, such as alcoholism, crime, prison life, illiteracy, labor conditions, women's rights, and slavery.

question

Which of the following is not true of the utopian communities of the 1820s, '30s, and '40s?

answer

They differed little in their systems of labor, gender relations, and internal governance.

question

Which was not true of Brook Farm?

answer

It functioned as a vibrant community for a half-century.

question

The founders of Brook Farm envisioned a harmonious blend of physical labor, intellectual work, and leisure.

answer

True

question

Between 1833 and 1840, about how many northerners joined abolitionist groups?

answer

100,000

question

Shakers practiced sexual polygamy as part of their religious beliefs.

answer

False

question

More than 1 million northerners became abolitionists during the 1830s.

answer

False

question

Which was not an aspect of cooperative Shaker settlements?

answer

Dancing was not allowed in Shaker settlements.

question

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

answer

founding of American Colonization Society; establishment of Liberia; William Lloyd Garrison's Thoughts on African Colonization

question

William Lloyd Garrison was most remembered for his book Uncle Tom's Cabin.

answer

False

question

Disagreement over the role of women in antislavery campaigns contributed to a major split in the abolitionist movement.

answer

True

question

Many northern women were inspired and transformed by the abolitionist message, but few played an active role in spreading it.

answer

False

question

Most African-Americans strongly supported settlement of themselves and other blacks in Africa (as a means to escape southern slavery).

answer

False

question

Which was not a movement Abby Kelley was associated with?

answer

tariff reform

question

A chief endeavor of black abolitionists was the call for freed blacks to travel to Africa to live in peace and freedom.

answer

False

question

"Shakers" got their name because they were similar in their faith beliefs to Quakers but danced in a shaking manner as part of their religious services.

answer

True

question

Advocates of moral reform encountered widespread indifference or opposition on the part of those they were trying to reform.

answer

True

question

First and foremost, Abbey Kelley was a tariff reform activist.

answer

False

question

Though women could not vote in the early-nineteenth-century United States, they did circulate petitions, march in parades, and deliver public lectures on a variety of topics.

answer

True

question

Overall, the reform movement focused on improving the moral character of Americans; it made little effort to improve their material conditions.

answer

False

question

Which was not a chief endeavor of black abolitionists?

answer

They called for freed blacks to travel to Africa to live in peace and freedom.

question

Which was not among the institutional asylums built during the 1830s and 1840s?

answer

settlement houses in cities

question

The nineteenth-century view that there should be an immediate end to slavery and incorporation of freed persons into the republic as equal citizens is called:

answer

abolitionism.

question

Dorothea Dix, a Massachusetts school teacher, was the leading proponent of:

answer

more humane treatment of the insane.

question

American reform efforts during the 1820s and 1830s raised and addressed a variety of issues, such as alcoholism, crime, prison life, illiteracy, labor conditions, women's rights, and slavery.

answer

True

question

"Perfectionism" is the view that social ills once considered unable to be cured could now be eradicated.

answer

True

question

As they were committed to the separation of the sexes, Shaker communities admitted only men.

answer

False

question

The Liberator, the abolitionist journal, was published in Boston in 1831 by:

answer

William Lloyd Garrison.

question

Which was not a characteristic of Robert Owen's early-nineteenth-century utopian communities?

answer

Individualism and anarchy were watchwords at New Harmony.

question

"Perfectionism" was (is) the view that:

answer

social ills once considered unable to be cured could be eradicated.

question

Which of the following was not an area of public activism open to women during the 1830s and '40s?

answer

political party conventions

question

Abolitionists did not believe so much in "moral suasion" as in the violent overthrow of the slave power and insurrection by slaves themselves.

answer

False

question

The Liberty Bell took on its name—previously it had been known as the Old State House Bell—after:

answer

abolitionists adopted it as a symbol of their cause for abolishing slavery.

question

The number of voluntary reform communities established in the decades before the Civil War that historians often call "utopian" communities—such as the Oneidan, Owenite, or Fourierist communities—numbered about:

answer

one hundred.

question

The Liberator, the abolitionist journal, was published in Boston in 1831 by Lucretia Mott.

answer

False

STUDY

Baltimore And Ohio Railroad Faith And Good Works History of the Americas

Chapters 9 & 10 Review – Flashcards 118 terms

Evie Nicholson

118 terms

Preview

Chapters 9 & 10 Review – Flashcards

question

Which of the following was not a mounting source of concern over the effects of the market revolution? A. the ongoing cycle of boom & bust B. the rising inequalities of wealth C. America's failure to attract many newcomers from Europe D. the increasing dependence of workers upon wage labor.

answer

C. America's failure to attract many newcomers from Europe

question

The court case in which it was held that workers' unions are not illegal was: A. Dartmouth College v. Woodward B. Gibbons v.Ogden C. Marbury v. Madison D. Commonwealth v. Hunt

answer

D. Commonwealth v. Hunt

question

The Second Great Awakening was: A. a popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s. B. Emerson and Thoreau's visions. C. the rebirth of classical learning in the rising American university. D. the regaining of consciousness by Charles Grandison Finney after repose in a coma for nearly 20 years at Sleepy Hollow, New York.

answer

A. a popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s.

question

Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin improved the lives of millions of African Americans. A. True B. False

answer

B. False

question

Which of the following was not a feature of westward expansion during the early to mid-1800s? A. westward expansion breathed fresh life into the system of southern slavery. B. economically, the northern frontier was far more diversified than the southern frontier. C. western farmers focused increasingly on producing grains and livestock for urban markets in the east. D. cities had no significant presence in the expanding west.

answer

D. cities had no significant presence in the expanding west.

question

For the expanding middle class, it became a badge of respectability for wives to remain at home. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

The "American system of manufactures." A. relied principally on slave labor in the factories; called "factors" these slave-run factories were essential to the rise of the industrial revolution. B. was notable for its highly crafted, custom made products of highest quality and durability. "they don't make it like they used to." and "proudly made in the USA." were associated with this high quality production process. C. employed large numbers of indentured servants to turn out products of exceptional craftsmanship. D. was the mass production of interchangeable parts into rapidly built, standardized products.

answer

D. was the mass production of interchangeable parts into rapidly built, standardized products.

question

During the first half of the 1800s, the United States economy experienced explosive growth in output and trade, and a rise in the standard of living for millions of Americans. This dynamic and explosive growth was, in part a consequence of the rise of factories, a transportation revolution via canal and rail, a communications revolution spurred by invention of the telegraph increasing agricultural yields and the mechanization of farm equipment, a rising prosperity for financial institutions and larger cities. Historians call this new economy: A. the market revolution or market economy B.agarianization C. valorization D. the barter system

answer

A. the market revolution or market economy

question

Which of the following was not a significant trend in American thought during the market revolution? A. an insistence that America had a right----indeed a mission---to spread its brand of freedom across the continent. B. a conviction that personal privacy and independent thought were essential ingredients of freedom. C. a faith that anyone could attain material success through diligence and intelligence. D. a belief that one's spiritual salvation was purely a matter of chance.

answer

D. a belief that one's spiritual salvation was purely a matter of chance.

question

America's first successful factory was established in 1790 by: A. Eli Whitney at Charleston, South Carolina B. Robert Fulton at Albany, New York C. Samuel Slater at Pawtucket, Rhode Island D. Cyrus Hall McCormick at Chicago, Illinois

answer

C. Samuel Slater at Pawtucket, Rhode Island

question

During the 1820s and 1830s, an emergent labor movement began voicing concerns about harsh working conditions, economic insecurity and growing inequalities of wealth. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

With the market revolution, the artisanal workshop gave way to relentless pressure for greater output and lower wages. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

What effect did the Embargo of 1807 have on manufacturing in the United States? A. Reduced it gradually. B. Caused a sharp collapse in United States manufacturers. C. Stimulated its growth. D. Reduced production in the North, but increased production in the South.

answer

C. Stimulated its growth.

question

America's early factories drew largely upon the labor of women and children. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

In the nineteenth century, a married woman could not legally sign independent contracts, she could not sue someone in court in her own name; not until after the Civil War could she, not her husband, control the wages she earned. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

The market revolution swept over the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

In the period between 1820 and 1840, what two states combined saw the biggest spread (increase) in cotton cultivation? A. Alabama and North Carolina B. Louisiana and Mississippi C. Alabama and Florida D. Virginia and South Carolina

answer

B. Louisiana and Mississippi

question

Free blacks were largely denied access to the material opportunities generated by the market revolution. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

Chicago's spectacular growth between 1830 and 1860 was principally due to: A. Canals B. Steel Plow C. Railroads D. Steamboat

answer

C. Railroads

question

In Thoreau's view, the market revolution degraded both people's values and the natural environment. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

Ralph Waldo Emerson was the author of Walden. A. True B. False

answer

B. False

question

Which of the following destroyed Henry David Thoreau's commune with nature? A. A deer. B. An ant. C. A train. D. A factory.

answer

C. A train

question

The Supreme Court did little to promote the entreprenurial agenda of the market revolution? A. True B. False

answer

B. False

question

The distribution of wealth was fairly even in the nineteenth century United States. A. True B. False

answer

B. False

question

Of the following projects, New York City's commercial ascent was owed chiefly to: A. The Erie Canal. B. The National Road. C. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. D. The telegraph network.

answer

A. The Erie Canal.

question

As a consequence of the expansive growth in the United States economy associated with the market revolution, skilled free black workers found their status and incomes rising. A. True B. False

answer

B. False

question

Which of the following was not a significant trend in American thought during the market revolution? A. An insistence that America had a right---indeed a mission-- to spread its brand of freedom across the continent. B. A conviction that personal privacy and independent thought were essential ingredients of freedom. C. A faith that anyone could attain material success through diligence and intelligence. D. A belief that one's spiritual salvation was purely a matter of chance.

answer

D. A belief that one's spiritual salvation was purely a matter of chance.

question

Henry David Thoreau held that view that people were being stifled by modern society, and trapped in boring, dead end jobs by their obssessive desire to earn money. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

Which of the following was not a key difference between traditional artisan production and the new factory system? A. Unlike factory workers, artisans tended to produce goods in small workshops, often at home. B. Artisans generally labored under closer supervision than did factory workers. C. Artisans typically set the pace of their own labor; factory workers did not. D. Artisans typically mastered a much wider range of skills than did factory workers.

answer

B. Artisans generally labored under closer supervision than did factory workers.

question

Cotton gin was a beverage invented by Eli Whitney. A. True B. False

answer

B. False

question

Which was not an aspect of women's changing role in the context of the expansive and dynamic growth of the market economy in nineteenth century America? A. Some women followed work as it moved from the household into factories. B. Many women embraced the view that a woman's role was to shape a nurturing and loving private home environment shielded from the competitive tensions of the market economy. C. A woman's role was often seen to be that of sustaining non-market values of love, friendship and mutuality, providing men shelter from the competitive marketplace. D. In the new, competitive, capitalist marketplace, women were to grow increasingly into captains of industry, becoming leaders of some of the nation's most important industries.

answer

D. In the new, competitive, capitalist marketplace, women were to grow increasingly into captains of industry, becoming leaders of some of the nation's most important industries.

question

America's early factories drew largely upon the labor of women and children. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

"Slave coffles....became a common sight." Define the word "coffles." A. A truffles derivative. B. A coffee-like drink. C. Groups chained to one another. D. House slaves who rarely ventured into the fields.

answer

C. Groups chained to one another.

question

American industrialization first took off in: A. The deep south. B. The upper south. C. New England. D. The Great Lakes region.

answer

C. New England.

question

With the Second Great Awakening, American Christianity became more hierarchical and out of touch with the common folk. A. True B. False

answer

B. False

question

The Supreme Court did little to promote the entrepreneurial agenda of the market revolution. A. True B. False

answer

B. False

question

Which was not an element of the Second Great Awakening? A. It democratized American Christianity. B. Methodist and Baptist churches underwent explosive growth in membership. C. It stressed the right of private judgement in spiritual matters and the possibility of salvation through faith and good works. D. It emphasized predestination and the importance of each soul as being in the hands of an angry God.

answer

D. It emphasized predestination and the importance of each soul as being in the hands of an angry God.

question

Workingmen formed political parties in the late 1820s and among the goals of these ephemeral political parties were free public education, an end to imprisonment for debt, and a 10-hour work day. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

The Second Great Awakening was: A. A popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s. B. Emerson and Thoreau's vision. C. The rebirth of classical learning in the rising American university. D. The regaining of consciousness by Charles Grandison Finney after repose in a coma for nearly 20 years at Sleep Hollow, New York.

answer

A. A popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s.

question

In the 19th century, barred from schools and other facilities, free black Americans constructed their own institutional life, centered on churches, educational and mutual aid societies. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

There was a rapid decline in the birth rate during the course of the nineteenth century, such that from an average of seven children per family, by 1900 women on average had four children. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

Which of the following was not a mounting source of concern over the effects of the market revolution? A. The ongoing cycle of boom and bust. B. The rising inequalities of wealth. C. America's failure to attract many newcomers from Europe. D. The increasing dependence of workers upon wage labor.

answer

C. America's failure to attract many newcomers from Europe.

question

By the 1840s, most working people outside the South toiled in large factories. A. True B. False

answer

B. False

question

The common nineteenth-century view was that men are naturally aggressive, rational and domineering, while women are naturally nurturing, selfless and ruled by emotions. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

Democracy In America was written by: A. Andrew Jackson B. Thomas Jefferson C. Alexis de Tocqueville D. Ralph Waldo Emerson

answer

C. Alexis de Tocqueville

question

In Commonwealth v. Hunt, Massachusetts chief justice Lemuel Shaw decreed that there was nothing inherently illegal in workers organizing a union or a strike. A. True B. False

answer

B. False

question

"Manifest destiny" was: A. The name of the frigate invented by Robert Fulton that first sailed up the Hudson. B. The famous list of the cargo--the manifest--carried by HMS Destiny. C. A passenger list kept onboard a ship, a "manifest destiny." D. The belief that the United States had a God-given mission to expand westward.

answer

D. The belief that the United States had a God-given mission to expand westward.

question

Expanding networks of toll roads, steamboats, canals and railroads were essential to the takeoff of the market revolution. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

The market revolution in the nineteenth century United States produced dynamic and expansive growth in the nation's output and in trade, and a rising standard of living for millions of Americans. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

Which of the following was not an innate characteristic of women, according to the "cult of domesticity."? A. Submissiveness B. Analytical Insight C. Selflessness D. Innocence.

answer

B. Analytical Insight

question

Some women served as preachers in the African Methodist Episcopal Church. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

Industrialization, a key element in the dynamic and expansive growth of the market economy, was most notable in the northeastern United States. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

Which was not an innovation associated with the market revolution of the first half of the nineteenth century? A. Canals B. Railroads C. Steamboats D. Telephones

answer

D. Telephones

question

The rise of the corporation was crucial to the success of the market economy. A. True B. False

answer

A. True

question

What 1793 invention spurred the rise of the Cotton Kingdom and fueled demand for slaves? A. McCormick reaper B. Steam Engine C. Cotton Gin D. A nitrogen-fixing process in which nitrogen could be mechanically made.

answer

C. Cotton Gin

question

As a consequence of the expansive growth in the United States economy associated with the market revolution, skilled free black workers found their status and income rising. A. True B. False

answer

B. False

question

Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin improved the lives of millions of African-Americans. A, True B. False

answer

B. False

question

For Ralph Waldo Emerson, freedom was: A. Justification by faith and grace alone. B. An open-ended process of self-realization by which individuals could remake themselves. C. Discovered through revelation experience. D. An unattainable illusion.

answer

B. An open-ended process of self-realization by which individuals could remake themselves.

question

The Dorr War revolved around the issue of whether propertyless white men should have the right to vote. A. True B. False

answer

A.True

question

What political party was organized to oppose President Jackson? A. Federalists B. Democrats C. Republicans D. Whigs

answer

D. Whigs

question

Free blacks gained the right to vote in every state in the Union after 1800. A. True B. False

answer

B. False

question

Which of the following was not a paradoxical feature of Andrew Jackson's public career? A. Although men of wealth, he was hailed as protector of the "common man" B.Although hailed as protector of the "common man," he opposed the extension of democratic rights to blacks and Indians C. Although suspicious of creditors and paper money, he was a leading defender of the Bank of the United States D. Although an avowed champion of states' rights and limited government, he fought tenaciously as president to affirm the Supremacy of national government

answer

C. Although suspicious of creditors and paper money, he was a leading defender of the Bank of the United States

question

In the election of 1824, John Quincy Adams won the popular vote, but lost the electoral vote. A. True B. False

answer

B. False

question

Which was not a way women became increasingly active in the public sphere during the early nineteenth century? A. They published stories, poetry, essays, and guides to life B. They participated in religious movements C. They participated in reform movements D. They exercised the suffrage after 1807

answer

D. They exercised the suffrage after 1807

question

President James Madison favored a system of national economic incentives for manufacturers, a protective tariff, a new national bank, and a federal financing of road and canals that came to be known as: A.The Hamiltonian System B.The American System C.The Madisonian System D.The Union Systems of Manufactures

answer

B.The American System

question

What was Andrew Jackson's nickname? A.Old Fuss and Feathers B.The Little Magician C.Old Hickory D.The Sly Fox

answer

C.Old Hickory

question

According to Martin Van Buren, political parties could serve to check the power of officeholders, counteract sectional divisions, and provide voters with genuine alternatives. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

The portion of President James Monroe's 1823 annual message to Congress that asserted that the United States would oppose further efforts at colonization by European powers in the Americans, that the United States would stay out of European wars, and that European powers were not to interfere with the newly independent Latin American states is called the: A. Doctrine of Imperialism B.Doctrine of Anti-Imperialism C.Monroe Doctrine D.Crittenden Compromise

answer

C.Monroe Doctrine

question

Often, political cartoons criticizing Andrew Jackson illustrated him as king. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

How much of the adult white male population in the United States could vote by 1840? A.Approximately 20 percent B.Approximately 50 percent C.Approximately 70 percent D.Approximately 90 percent

answer

D.Approximately 90 percent

question

By 1860, most states had eliminated ------------ from their voting requirements. A.Gender restrictions B.Age restrictions C.Race restrictions D.Property restrictions

answer

D. Property restrictions

question

Although denied from ballet, women found a voice in the public sphere during the 1820s and 1830s. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

Andrew Jackson and his supporters publicly argued that the Presidential Election of 1824 had been determined in his favor by a "corrupt bargain" between some of the participants. A.True B.False

answer

B.False

question

Andrew Jackson appealed to the changing voting pool because he represented those that came from generations of wealth and supported a strong federal government-controlled nation. A.True B.False

answer

B.False

question

Between Democrats and Whigs, the Democrats found greater support among Catholic immigrants, subsistence farmers, and urban workers; the Whigs found greater support among wealthy landowners- well-connected businessmen, and Evangelical Protestants. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

The Panic of 1819 was caused by: A.Disease that spread rapidly up the eastern seaboard that was ultimately responsible for mass panic in Philadelphia, New York, and Baltimore B.A sudden or deliberate attack by naval forces of the British Admiralty on the nation's capitol C. Chief Pontiac's attack on Detroit and surrounding areas D.The land bubble burst and its ensuing economic panic

answer

D.The land bubble burst and its ensuing economic panic

question

Which of the following was not a significant development during the decade following Jackson's presidency? A.A protracted depression followed on the heels of the Panic of 1837 B.President Van Buren shifted vast amounts of federal funds to state banks C.The Whig Party, having learned the campaign techniques pioneered by the Democrats, triumphed in the presidential election of 1840 D.President Tyler burned his bridges with the Whigs by vetoing American-System- style legislation

answer

B.President Van Buren shifted vast amounts of federal funds to state banks

question

The charter of the Bank for the United States was renewed in 1811. A.True B.False

answer

B.False

question

The proper chronological order for presidents from 1877 forward is: Monroe, J.Q. Adams, Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison, and Tyler. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

Which of the following did Andrew Jackson believe was associated with the outcome of the election of 1812? A.The Monroe Doctrine B.A corrupt bargain C.The Louisiana Purchase D.The Peggy Eaton Affair

answer

B. A corrupt bargain

question

Martin Van Buren's presidency, to a large degree, was occupied in dealing with issues arising from the Panic of 1837. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

Which of the following was a factor in split between Andrew Jackson and John Calhoun? A.The Peggy Eaton situation B.Their belief in slavery C.Their regional upbringing D.Their different political parties

answer

A.The Peggy Eaton situation

question

The 1836 Specie Circular declared that the federal government would accept only specie (gold and silver) in payment for public land. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

The leading theorists of nullification and states' right by 1831 was the vice president of the United States. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was renounced by President Jackson. A.True B.False

answer

B.False

question

Which of the following was not a key difference between the Democrats and the Whigs during the Jackson years? A.The Democrats voiced alarm over the gulf between the wealthy and the "producing classes", the Whigs were more accepting of class hierarchy B.The Whigs favored government actions to promote economic development; the Democrats did not C.The Democrats were united in opposition to paper money; the Whigs were united in support of it D.The Whigs favored public measures to regulate personal morality; the Democrats did not

answer

C.The Democrats were united in opposition to paper money; the Whigs were united in support of it

question

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? A.Election of Andrew Jackson; election of John Quincy Adams; election of William Henry Harrison; election of Martin Van Buren B.Announcement of American System program; Missouri controversy; "Tariff of Abominations", veto of Second Bank recharter C.Second Seminole War; Trail of Tears; Indian Removal Act; Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia case D.Nullification Crisis; Monroe Doctrine; Dorr War; death of Second Bank

answer

B.Announcement of American System program; Missouri controversy; "Tariff of Abominations", veto of Second Bank recharter

question

Which is not an element of Chief Justice John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)? A."The power of tax involves the power to destroy", and states did not have authority to destroy an agency created by the federal government B.He interpreted the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution to mean that the Bank of the United States was a legitimate exercise of Congressional authority C.His decision directly contradicted the "strict constitution" view of the Constitution that held that Congress was restricted to the specific powers granted in that document D.Marshall found that contracts between state and private citizens should not be abridged

answer

D.Marshall found that contracts between state and private citizens should not be abridged

question

The 1828 "tariff of abominations" led to the Nullification Crisis. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

A significant theme of the Monroe Doctrine was that: A.Slavery should not be permitted in the American territories above latitude 36'30 B.European powers should refrain from further colonization in the Americas C.Congress is entitled to pass any law to promote the "general welfare," except where explicitly barred by the Constitution D.The United States needs a world-class national university

answer

B.European powers should refrain from further colonization in the Americas

question

Despite the reputation for stubbornness, President Jackson proved timid and conciliatory during the Nullification Crisis and the Bank War. A.True B.False

answer

B.False

question

Culturally speaking, in the United States the right to vote is tantamount to being a citizen. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

The "Era of Good Feelings" was so-called because: A.They were years of one-party government B.Federalists held a comfortable majority of Congress C.Politics were organized on competing sectional interests D.Whigs defeated Democrats in the midterm elections

answer

A.They were years of one-party government

question

The election of 1824 resulted in Andrew Jackson being elected president that year. A.True B.False

answer

B.False

question

The Panic of 1819 left many Americans uneasy about the market revolution. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

As a boy, Andrew Jackson had almost been killed when, during the War for Independence, a British officer struck him with his sword after the boy refused to polish the soldier's boots. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

Which was not part of the Missouri Compromise of 1820? A.Missouri was admitted without having to agree to end slavery B.Maine, a free state (without slavery), was admitted into the Union C.Slavery was prohibited in the remaining Louisiana Territory north of 36'30 D.The children of slaves already in Missouri were to be freed at age twenty-five

answer

D.The children of slaves already in Missouri were to be freed at age twenty-five

question

President Jackson's critics called him "King Andrew". A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

Which of the following was not a trend in American democracy during the 1820s and 1830s? A.In state after state, wage-earning men were enfranchised B.For men, skin color replaced material status as the main determinant of who could vote and who could not C.A spirit of popular involvement in politics enlivened the public sphere D.Ironically, as the number of eligible voters rose, voter turnout in elections declined

answer

D.Ironically, as the number of eligible voters rose, voter turnout in elections declined

question

During James Madison's presidential terms, two-party political competition completely vanished A.True B.False

answer

B.False

question

When Thomas Jefferson wrote, "This momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror," he was referring to: A.The Federalists Party's duplicity at the Hartford Convention B.The Sedition Act of 1798 for which he had written the Kentucky resolution C.The westward expansion of slavery D.The events surrounding John Quincy Adams's election to the presidency by the House of Representatives

answer

C.The westward expansion of slavery

question

Define "suffrage" as used in the sentence, "Suffrage was the 'the first mark of liberty, the only true badge of the freeman'". A.A liberty cap or liberty poll, usually erected in a public square or near government buildings, or worn prominently on the head of the free man B.To suffer, suffering, because without suffering there can be no personal growth C.Pain caused by torture D.The vote

answer

D.The vote

question

Andrew Jackson was the standard-bearer for which political party? A.Federalists B.Republicans C.Democrats D.Whigs

answer

C.Democrats

question

Giving a political office to someone based on party service is called: A.Paternalism B.The spoils system C.Nepotism D.The fair-and-square system

answer

B.The spoils system

question

The election of 1824 injured Henry Clay's political career. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

Which of the following was a factor in the split between Andrew Jackson and John Calhoun? A.The Nullification Crisis B.Their belief in slavery C.Their regional upbringing D.Their different political parties

answer

A.The Nullification Crisis

question

As working-class whites gained equal rights in the political arena, they grew increasingly critical of racial inequality. A.True B.False

answer

B.False

question

McCulloch v. Maryland ruled that: A.American Indians could not sue in federal courts B.States could nullify federal laws in conflict with local codes C.The Bank of the United States was constitutionally legal D.The United States Supreme Court was the entity able to rule on constitutionally

answer

C.The Bank of the United States was constitutionally legal

question

Which was not an element in the 1841 Dorr War? A.It occurred in Rhode Island and was a struggle for universal manhood suffrage in the state B.Supporters of democratic reform organized a People's Convention, which drafted a new Constitution for the state of Rhode Island C.Thomas Dorr, a wealthy lawyer, was inaugurated as governor of the state of Rhode Island under the Constitution drawn by the People's Convention D.The war's bloodshed led to the deaths of more than 246 people, and to Dorr's execution

answer

D.The war's bloodshed led to the deaths of more than 246 people, and to Dorr's execution

question

All of the states entered the Union after the original thirteen made property ownership a requirement of voting, at least for a time. A.True B.False

answer

B.False

question

Which was not an attribute of Alexis de Tocqueville's vision of democracy? A.Democracy was an essential attribute of American freedom and included, but was not limited to, the right to vote B.Democracy was more than a set of political institutions C.Democracy is a culture that encourages individual initiative, belief in equality, and an active public sphere populated by a variety of voluntary organizations D.All Americans over age 21 ought to, Tocqueville wrote, have the right to vote

answer

D.All Americans over age 21 ought to, Tocqueville wrote, have the right to vote

question

Which of the following questions was not a key focus on political controversy during the Jackson years? A.Should women have the right to vote? B.What should be the balance of power between state and national government? C.What should be the relationship between government and private economic interests? D.How should the federal government address the differing concerns of the manufacturing and agricultural sectors?

answer

A.Should women have the right to vote?

question

The Second Bank of the United States held all the funds of the federal government. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

President Andrew Jackson's inauguration was a quiet affair in which as small group of close-knit friends of the new president met at the White House for a solemn, elite dinner. A.True B.False

answer

B.False

question

America was a much less highly stratified society than Europe. A.True B.False

answer

A.True

question

Which was not an aspect of the pageantry surrounding elections in nineteenth-century American democracy? A.Parades B.Bonfires C.Mass meetings D.The secret ballot

answer

D.The secret ballot

question

Both John C. Calhoun and Andrew Jackson believed in states' rights to nullify federal law. A.True B.False

answer

B.False

question

A significant element of the American System was: A.A national bank B.Tariffs on imported manufactured goods C.Federally sponsored "internal improvements" D.All of the above

answer

D.All of the above

STUDY

AP United States History Baltimore And Ohio Railroad Chief Justice John Marshall History of the Americas Mutual Aid Societies Ralph Waldo Emerson

CH 9, 10 – History – Flashcards 118 terms

Ben Stevenson

118 terms

Preview

CH 9, 10 – History – Flashcards

question

The "American system of manufactures":

answer

was the mass production of interchangeable parts into rapidly built, standardized products.

question

"Slave coffles . . . became a common sight." Define "coffles."

answer

groups chained to one another

question

Ralph Waldo Emerson was the author of Walden.

answer

False

question

Workingmen formed political parties in the late 1820s and among the goals of these ephemeral political parties were free public education, an end to imprisonment for debt, and a ten-hour workday.

answer

True

question

Which was not an innovation associated with the market revolution of the first half of the nineteenth century?

answer

Telephones

question

In the period between 1820 and 1840, what two states combined saw the biggest spread (increase) in cotton cultivation?

answer

Louisiana and Mississippi

question

Cotton gin was a beverage invented by Eli Whitney.

answer

False

question

For Ralph Waldo Emerson, freedom was:

answer

an open-ended process of self-realization by which individuals could remake themselves.

question

Which of the following was not a key difference between traditional artisan production and the new factory system?

answer

Artisans generally labored under closer supervision than did factory workers.

question

Which of the following was not a mounting source of concern over the effects of the market revolution?

answer

America's failure to attract many newcomers from Europe

question

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

answer

work begun on National Road; steamboat introduced on Mississippi River; work begun on Erie Canal; work begun on Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

question

The Supreme Court did little to promote the entrepreneurial agenda of the market revolution.

answer

False

question

Which of the following was not a significant trend in American thought during the market revolution?

answer

a belief that one's spiritual salvation was purely a matter of chance

question

With the market revolution, the artisanal workshop gave way to relentless pressure for greater output and lower wages.

answer

True

question

Millions of Americans' lives were improved by the nineteenth-century market revolution.

answer

True

question

The distribution of wealth was fairly even in the nineteenth-century United States.

answer

False

question

Industrialization, a key element in the dynamic and expansive growth of the market economy, was most notable in the northeastern United States.

answer

True

question

Which was not an element of the Second Great Awakening?

answer

It emphasized predestination and the importance of each soul as being in the hands of an angry God.

question

What 1793 invention spurred the rise of the Cotton Kingdom and fueled demand for slaves?

answer

cotton gin

question

Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin improved the lives of millions of African-Americans.

answer

False

question

The rise of the corporation was crucial to the success of the market economy.

answer

True

question

The Second Great Awakening was:

answer

popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s.

question

America's early factories drew largely upon the labor of women and children.

answer

True

question

Democracy in America was written by:

answer

Alexis de Tocqueville.

question

Which of the following destroyed Henry David Thoreau's commune with nature?

answer

a train

question

answer

True

question

There was a rapid decline in the birthrate during the course of the nineteenth century, such that from an average of seven children per family, by 1900 women on average had four children.

answer

True

question

The 1825 completion of the 363-mile Erie Canal connected:

answer

the Great Lakes with New York City.

question

In the nineteenth century, barred from schools and other facilities, free black Americans constructed their own institutional life, centered on churches, educational, and mutual aid societies.

answer

True

question

The market revolution in the nineteenth-century United States produced dynamic and expansive growth in the nation's output and in trade, and a rising standard of living for millions of Americans.

answer

True

question

In Commonwealth v. Hunt, Massachusetts chief justice Lemuel Shaw decreed that there was nothing inherently illegal in workers organizing a union or a strike.

answer

False

question

Henry David Thoreau held the view that people were being stifled by modern society, and trapped in boring, dead-end jobs by their obsessive desire to earn money.

answer

True

question

From the 1830s to the 1850s, Americans were largely a sedentary lot who lived out their lives in the locale in which they were born.

answer

False

question

Early New England textile mills relied largely on the labor of:

answer

women and children.

question

American industrialization first took off in:

answer

New England.

question

By the 1840s, most working people outside the South toiled in large factories.

answer

False

question

Free blacks were largely denied access to the material opportunities generated by the market revolution.

answer

True

question

The common nineteenth-century view was that men are naturally aggressive, rational, and domineering, while women are naturally nurturing, selfless, and ruled by emotions.

answer

True

question

Some women served as preachers in the African Methodist Episcopal Church.

answer

True

question

Which of the following was not a feature of westward expansion during the early to mid-1800s?

answer

Cities had no significant presence in the expanding West.

question

America's first successful factory was established in 1790 by:

answer

Samuel Slater at Pawtucket, Rhode Island.

question

What effect did the Embargo of 1807 have on manufacturing in the United States?

answer

stimulated its growth

question

Which was not an aspect of women's changing role in the context of the expansive and dynamic growth of the market economy in nineteenth-century America?

answer

In the new, competitive, capitalist marketplace, women were to grow increasingly into captains of industry, becoming leaders of some of the nation's most important industries.

question

"Manifest destiny" was:

answer

the belief that the United States had a God-given mission to expand westward.

question

Ralph Waldo Emerson was which of the following?

answer

a transcendentalist

question

As a consequence of the expansive growth in the U.S. economy associated with the market revolution, skilled free black workers found their status and incomes rising.

answer

False

question

answer

the market revolution or market economy.

question

Chicago's spectacular growth between 1830 and 1860 was principally due to:

answer

railroads.

question

The largest group of immigrants to the United States during the 1840s and 1850s came from Ireland, which was then in the throes of the great potato famine.

answer

True

question

With the Second Great Awakening, American Christianity became more hierarchical and out of touch with the common folk.

answer

False

question

Of the following projects, New York City's commercial ascent was owed chiefly to:

answer

the Erie Canal.

question

In Thoreau's view, the market revolution degraded both people's values and the natural environment.

answer

True

question

Expanding networks of toll roads, steamboats, canals, and railroads were essential to the takeoff of the market revolution.

answer

True

question

Which of the following was not an innate characteristic of women, according to the "cult of domesticity"?

answer

analytical insight

question

The market revolution swept over the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century.

answer

True

question

During the 1820s and 1830s, an emergent labor movement began voicing concerns about harsh working conditions, economic insecurity, and growing inequalities of wealth.

answer

True

question

For the expanding middle class, it became a badge of respectability for wives to remain at home.

answer

True

question

he court case in which it was held that workers' unions are not illegal was:

answer

Commonwealth v. Hunt.

question

Which was not an attribute of Alexis de Tocqueville's vision of democracy?

answer

All Americans over age 21 ought to, Tocqueville wrote, have the right to vote.

question

Which of the following did Andrew Jackson believe was associated with the outcome of the election of 1824?

answer

a corrupt bargain

question

Giving a political office to someone based on party service is called:

answer

the spoils system.

question

A significant theme of the Monroe Doctrine was that:

answer

European powers should refrain from further colonization in the Americas.

question

Andrew Jackson appealed to the changing voting pool because he represented those that came from generations of wealth and supported a strong federal government-controlled nation.

answer

False

question

Andrew Jackson and his supporters publicly argued that the Presidential Election of 1824 had been determined in his favor by a "corrupt bargain" between some of the participants.

answer

False

question

Often, political cartoons criticizing Andrew Jackson illustrated him as a king.

answer

True

question

Despite his reputation for stubbornness, President Jackson proved timid and conciliatory during the Nullification Crisis and the Bank War.

answer

False

question

According to Martin Van Buren, political parties could serve to check the power of officeholders, counteract sectional divisions, and provide voters with genuine alternatives.

answer

True

question

The election of 1824 injured Henry Clay's political career.

answer

True

question

answer

the American System.

question

When Thomas Jefferson wrote, "This momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror," he was referring to:

answer

the westward expansion of slavery.

question

Which of the following questions was not a key focus of political controversy during the Jackson years?

answer

Should women have the right to vote?

question

All of the states that entered the Union after the original thirteen made property ownership a requirement of voting, at least for a time.

answer

False

question

The Panic of 1819 was caused by:

answer

the land bubble burst and its ensuing economic panic.

question

The proper chronological order for presidents from 1817 forward is: Monroe, J. Q. Adams, Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison, and Tyler.

answer

True

question

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was renounced by President Jackson.

answer

False

question

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

answer

announcement of American System program; Missouri controversy; "Tariff of Abominations"; veto of Second Bank recharter

question

President Jackson's critics called him "King Andrew."

answer

True

question

During James Madison's presidential terms, two-party political competition completely disappeared.

answer

False

question

As working-class whites gained equal rights in the political arena, they grew increasingly critical of racial inequality.

answer

False

question

Culturally speaking, in the United States the right to vote is tantamount to being a citizen.

answer

True

question

The 1836 Specie Circular declared that the federal government would accept only specie (gold and silver) in payment for public land.

answer

True

question

Which was not an aspect of the pageantry surrounding elections in nineteenth-century American democracy?

answer

the secret ballot

question

McCulloch v. Maryland ruled that:

answer

the Bank of the United States was constitutionally legal.

question

Which was not an element in the 1841 Dorr War?

answer

The war's bloodshed led to the deaths of more than 246 people, and to Dorr's execution.

question

By 1860, most states had eliminated ____________ from their voting requirements.

answer

property restrictions

question

As a boy, Andrew Jackson had almost been killed when, during the War for Independence, a British officer struck him with his sword after the boy refused to polish the soldier's boots.

answer

True

question

America was a much less highly stratified society than Europe.

answer

True

question

answer

Monroe Doctrine.

question

The leading theorist of nullification and states' rights by 1831 was the vice president of the United States.

answer

True

question

Which is not an element of Chief Justice John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

answer

Marshall found that contracts between states and private citizens could not be abridged.

question

Which was not part of the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

answer

The children of slaves already in Missouri were to be freed at age twenty-five.

question

Andrew Jackson was the standard-bearer for which political party?

answer

Democrats

question

In the election of 1824, John Quincy Adams won the popular vote, but lost the electoral vote.

answer

False

question

The "Era of Good Feelings" was so-called because:

answer

they were years of one-party government.

question

Which of the following was not a significant development during the decade following Jackson's presidency?

answer

President Van Buren shifted vast amounts of federal funds to state banks.

question

The election of 1824 resulted in Andrew Jackson being elected president that year.

answer

False

question

Martin Van Buren's presidency, to a large degree, was occupied in dealing with issues arising from the Panic of 1837.

answer

True

question

Although denied the ballot, women found a voice in the public sphere during the 1820s and 1830s.

answer

True

question

What political party was organized to oppose President Jackson?

answer

Whigs

question

Which was not a way women became increasingly active in the public sphere during the early nineteenth century?

answer

They exercised the suffrage after 1807.

question

Which of the following was a factor in the split between Andrew Jackson and John Calhoun?

answer

the Peggy Eaton situation

question

President Andrew Jackson's inauguration was a quiet affair in which a small group of close-knit friends of the new president met at the White House for a solemn, elite dinner.

answer

False

question

Which of the following was not a key difference between the Democrats and the Whigs during the Jackson years?

answer

The Democrats were united in opposition to paper money; the Whigs were united in support of it.

question

The 1828 "tariff of abominations" led to the Nullification Crisis.

answer

True

question

The Panic of 1819 left many Americans uneasy about the market revolution.

answer

True

question

The Dorr War revolved around the issue of whether propertyless white men should have the right to vote.

answer

True

question

answer

True

question

Free blacks gained the right to vote in every state in the Union after 1800.

answer

False

question

The second Bank of the United States held all the funds of the federal government.

answer

True

question

Which of the following was a factor in the split between Andrew Jackson and John Calhoun?

answer

the Nullification Crisis

question

The charter for the Bank of the United States was renewed in 1811.

answer

False

question

A significant element of the American System was:

answer

all of the above.

question

What was Andrew Jackson's nickname?

answer

Old Hickory

question

Define "suffrage" as used in the sentence, "Suffrage was the 'the first mark of liberty, the only true badge of the freeman.' "

answer

the vote

question

Which of the following was not a paradoxical feature of Andrew Jackson's public career?

answer

Although suspicious of creditors and paper money, he was a leading defender of the Bank of the United States.

question

Which of the following was not a trend in American democracy during the 1820s and 1830s?

answer

Ironically, as the number of eligible voters rose, voter turnout in elections declined.

question

How much of the adult white male population in the United States could vote by 1840?

answer

approximately 90 percent

question

Both John C. Calhoun and Andrew Jackson believed in states' rights to nullify federal law.

answer

False

STUDY

Baltimore And Ohio Railroad Indian Citizenship Act Of 1924 Literacy Tests And Poll Taxes

Berea College and NAACP 18 terms

Andrew Hubbs

18 terms

Preview

Berea College and NAACP

question

Berea College v Kentucky (1908)

answer

Upheld the Day Law, which allowed States to mandate/enforce segregation in private schools.

question

Berea College

answer

A coeducation and integrated college, the only in the south that was motivated by religious conviction; shutdown after Berea v Kentucky.

question

Day Law

answer

Made it illegal for any person, group or institution to teach whites and blacks together in a classroom, building, or campus.

question

Berea College Argument

answer

Day Law was unreasonable intrusion of the state into affairs of a private college, interferes with the mission of the college.

question

Kentucky Argument

answer

Berea has a state charter, and therefore must comply fully with state laws.

question

Key to Berea v. Kentucky?

answer

Importance of charter, key to being recognized as a college or university, crucial when a new school is starting.

question

Berea College v Kentucky led directly to the founding of?

answer

The NAACP.

question

Leading founder of NAACP

answer

W.E.B. Dubois, first African American to receive a Ph.D from Harvard University.

question

Factor 1 that led to NAACP

answer

With Berea, many believed segregation was increasing and spreading, must be dealt with.

question

Factor 2 that led to NAACP

answer

Many believed that Plessy and the codification and growth of Jim Crow now imposed another form of slavery on African Americans

question

3 Key Concerns From Berea (One)

answer

Disenfranchisement of blacks.

question

3 Key Concerns From Berea (Two)

answer

Disparity in public funding between white and black schools.

question

3 Key Concerns From Berea(Third)

answer

Increasing curtailment of civil liberties of blacks.

question

Legal strategy

answer

Use litigation to bring about legal reform and social change.

question

Two premises of legal strategy (one)

answer

Legal system could be used to work against them, but also in their favor.

question

Two premises of legal strategy (two)

answer

When you change the law concerning the rights of a person or group, you make permanent changes.

question

Two Goals of Legal Strategy (1)

answer

Undermine legal system of white supremacy linked to Plessy

question

Two Goals of Legal Strategy (2)

answer

NAACP had to challenge legal underpinnings of Plessy to challenge white supremacy.

STUDY

AP United States History Baltimore And Ohio Railroad New York Stock Exchange Sitting Bull And Crazy Horse

Ch. 39 APush Terms 52 terms

Anthony Richie

52 terms

Preview

Ch. 39 APush Terms

question

Vietnamization

answer

President Nixon's policy which was to withdraw the US troops from Vietnam over an extended period and then hand over the control to the South Vietnamese. (page 940)

question

Nixon Doctrine

answer

Proclaimed that the US would honor its existing defense commitments but in the future Asians would have to fight their own wars without the support of large bodies of American ground troops. (page 940)

question

Cambodia

answer

Without consent of congress, Nixon sent American forces to join the South Vietnamese and clean out the enemy sanctuaries in officially neutral Cambodia. (page 941)

question

26th Amendment

answer

Lowered the voting age to 18 (page 942)

question

Henry Kissinger

answer

Nixon's national security adviser who secretly met with North Vietnamese officials in Paris to negotiate an end to the war in Vietnam. (page 942)

question

SALT

answer

Strategic Arms Litigation Talks- aimed at freezing numbers of long rage nuclear missiles for five years. (page 943)

question

ABM Treaty

answer

Anti Ballistic Treaty which limited each nation to two clusters of defensive missiles, and to a series of arms reductions negotiations. (page 943)

question

Gideon v. Wainwright

answer

In 1963 the court decided that all defendants in serious criminal cases were entitled to legal counsel, even if they were too poor to afford it.

question

Warren Burger

answer

Chosen to succeed Earl Warren as chief justice during the Nixon administration. (page 944)

question

Roe v. Wade

answer

Legalized abortion-1973 (page 944)

question

EPA

answer

Environmental Protection Agency created during the Nixon administration (page 945)

question

OSHA

answer

Occupational Health and Safety Administration (page 945)

question

George McGovern

answer

Senator of South Dakota who ran against Nixon in the election of 1972. (page 946)

question

Philadelphia Plan

answer

Nixon implemented this in 1969 requiring construction trade unions to establish \"goals and timetables\" for the hiring of black apprentices. (page 945)

question

Pol Pot

answer

A murderous tyrant who dispatched as many as 2 million of his people to their graves. He was forced from power, ironically enough, only by a full dress Vietnamese invasion in 1978. (page 947)

question

War Powers Act

answer

Passed in November of 1973 because of the issues in Cambodia. Required the president to report to Congress within forty-eight hours after committing troops to a foreign conflict or \"substantially\" enlarging American combat in a foreign country. (page 947)

question

Watergate

answer

A scandal that happened on June 17, 1972 five men were arrested in the Watergate apartment-office complex in WA after a bungled effort to plant electronic \"bugs\" in the Democratic party's headquarters. They were soon revealed to be working for the Republican Committee for the Re-Election of the President or CREEP. The Watergate scandal turned out to be just one of Nixon's \"dirty tricks\" that included forging foreign documents to discredit Democrats, using the Revenue Service to harass innocent citizens etc. etc. (page 949)

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25th Amendment

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Clarifies an ambiguous provision of the Constitution regarding succession to the presidency, and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President as well as responding to presidential disabilities. (page 949)

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Jean Dean

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A former White House lawyer with a remarkable memory who accused top White House officials, including the president of obstructing justice by trying to cover up the Watergate break-in and silence its perpetrators. (page 949)

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Executive Privilege

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The power to keep executive communications confidential, especially if they relate to national security. (page 950)

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Gerald Ford

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Became president after Nixon, due to the vote of congress. (page 952)

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Spiro Agnew

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The vice president of Nixon; shamefully resigned during the Watergate Scandal.

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Title IX

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1972 Congress passed this to the Education Amendments. Allowed women equal treatment in any kind of program. Most helped athletics. (page 956)

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Equal Rights Amendment

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Declared equality of rights for all people, and that they should not be discriminated against. Did not pass. (page 956)

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Energy Crisis

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Many Arab countries created embargo against US for support of Israel in the Yom Kippur War; and the Iran Revolution caused US to not have enough oil supplies for energy under the Carter administration

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Phyllis Schlafly

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Conservative spokeswoman who led the campaign to stop the ERA. (page 956)

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Bakke Case

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Allan Bakke took his case to Supreme Court when he did not get admitted into medical school, because he was white. Court ruled that college could not deny someone because of their race, but they had to consider it when assembling a diverse student body. (page 957)

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Wounded Knee

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Indian activists captured the nation's attention by seizing the island of Alcatraz and the village of Wounded Knee. (page 957)

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Jimmy Carter

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Democrat who ran against Ford in 1976, and won. (page 960)

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NOW

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National Organization of Women, 1966, Betty Friedan first president, wanted Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforce its legal mandate to end sex discrimination

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Leonid Brezhnev

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Seized power from Nikita Khrushchev and became leader of the Soviet Communist party in 1964. Ordered forces in to Afghanistan and Czechoslovakia.

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Kent State University

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Kent State was the location of one of the many college student protests against the Vietnam War. The protest ended with a clash against the police and the death of several students. The incident greatly decreased the support for U.S. involvement in Vietnam and caused even more protest and resentment.

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Iranian Hostage Crisis

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In 1979, Iranian fundamentalists seized the American embassy in Tehran and held fifty-three American diplomats hostage for over a year. The Iranian hostage crisis weaked the Carter presidency; the hostages were finally released on January 20, 1981, the day Ronald Reagan became president.

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Sam Ervin

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Sam Ervin was a senator from North Carolina. He was chairman of the Senate Select Committee to Investigate Presidential Campaign Practices during the Watergate scandal.

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Escobedo/Miranda

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Two supreme court cases that ensured the right of the accused to remain silent and other protection when accused of a crime

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Gloria Steinem

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Founder and original publisher of Ms. magazine, and was an influential co-convener of the National Women's Political Caucus.

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Pinochet

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Military dictator who rules Chile w/ iron fist for 20 yrs & is backed fully by US because he opposes communism; made ppl disappear

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Saturday Night Massacre

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Archibald Cox, the prosecutor of the Watergate scandal case who had issued a subpoena of the tapes, was fired. Both the attorney general and deputy general resigned because they, themselves did not want to fire Cox.

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Camp David Agreements

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Carter + Israeli + Egypt presidents 2 Camp David for peace talks. signed a treadty ending their conflicts. both presidents received Nobel prizes but the treaty was soon undermined

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Jackson State University

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10 days after Kent State shooting, this black school in Mississippi had state troops enter dormitories and began shooting wildly. Killed 2 and wounded 12.

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Southern Strategy

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The Southern Strategy was a term that described the Republicans' move to campaign in the south after it had broken with the Democrats over civil rights. This was the beginning of the Republican domination of the south American sees today in national politics.

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Plumbers

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Name given to the special investigations committee established along with CREEP in 1971. Its job was to stop the leaking of confidential information to the public and press.

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Bella Abzug

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First Jewish Congresswoman, serving from 1970 - 1976. Pushed for the ERA, day care centers and other working - mother benefits, and an end to sex discrimination. Anti - Vietnam and Selective Service. Appointed co - chair of the National Advisory Committee on Women by Carter in '77, fired by him in '78. \"Known for her loud, brassy eccentric ways, Bella's trademark big - brim hats could be spotted from a distance.\" (Evans)

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Kerner Commission

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a group that was appointed by President Johnson to study the causes of urban violence and that recommended the elimination of de facto segregation in American society

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Thomas Eagleton

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McGovern's running mate in the Democratic nomination. It was shortly discovered that he had undergone psychiatric care, forcing his removal from the ticket, and virtually dooming McGovern's candidacy.

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Clean Air Act

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1970- law that established national standards for states, strict auto emissions guidelines, and regulations, which set air pollution standardds for private industry

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Helsinki Accords

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The Final Act of the Helsinki conference in 1975 in which the thirty-five nations participating agreed that Europe's existing political frontiers could not be changed by force. They also solemnly accepted numerous provisions guaranteeing the human rights and political freedoms of their citizens.

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Pentagon Papers

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A 7,000-page top-secret United States government report on the history of the internal planning and policy-making process within the government itself concerning the Vietnam War.

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Daniel Elsberg

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Leaked Pentagon papers to the people and the press

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Enemies List

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People Nixon had something against or had done something to him

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Arab-Israeli War

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Lasted from 1948-1949 and shattered legitimacy of Arab ruling elite since Arab states entered the war poorly and unprepared. Eventually the United Nations negotiated a truce between the states but Israel had greatly extended its borders.

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Anwar Saddat

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Egyptian president during Camp David accords

STUDY

Baltimore And Ohio Railroad Equal Pay For Equal Work National Labor Union United States History-Other

CHAPTER 6.3 Big Business and Labor – Flashcards 30 terms

Ben Powell

30 terms

Preview

CHAPTER 6.3 Big Business and Labor – Flashcards

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III. BIG BUSINESS AND LABOR!

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III. BIG BUSINESS AND LABOR!

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OBJECTIVE: Discuss and explain the growth and power of big business in America and how workers united to improve conditions in the nation's growing industries.

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CARNEGIE"S INNOVATIONS, SOCIAL DARWINISM, AND BUSINESS!

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CARNEGIE"S INNOVATIONS, SOCIAL DARWINISM, AND BUSINESS!

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Andrew Carnegie

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The rags to riches innovator and fierce competitor in the steel business.

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horizontal integration

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The merging of companies that make similar products.

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vertical integration

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Business strategy of buying out suppliers to gain control over the quality and costs of products (iron, coal, railroads).

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Social Darwinism

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Herbert Spencer's use of Darwin's theories to explain the evolution of human society. THIS theory justified the the efforts of millionaires and discouraged government interference in big business.

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natural selection

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Charles Darwin said that "THIS" enabled the best-suited people to survive and succeed.

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FEWER CONTROL MORE; LABOR EMERGES!

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The industrialist who created the Standard Oil Company of Ohio.

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John D. Rockefeller

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A corporation that does nothing but buy out the stock of other companies.

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Holding Companies

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Tycoons like Rockefeller and Carnegie used ruthless business practices which earned them huge profits, but caused people to label them as THIS.

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Robber Barons

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The 1890 law that made it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade.

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Sherman Antitrust Act 1890

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The business boom in the United States continued to bypass THIS region of the country which continued to suffer economic stagnation.

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the South

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Workers responded to business consolidation by Creating THESE.

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unions

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THIS union was an early labor union that that persuaded Congress to legalize an 8 hour workday for government workers in 1868.

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National Labor Union (NLU) They excluded African Americans

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African Americans workers formed THIS union in 1869.

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the Colored National Labor Union (CNLU)

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THIS union founded in 1869 and grew to one of the largest labor unions by the 1880s was led by Terrence Powderly but declined after a series of failed strikes.

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Knights of Labor

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UNION MOVEMENTS DIVERGE; STRIKES TURN VIOLENT!

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The union organizer that helped create and then led the American Federation of Labor (AFL) 1886.

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Samuel Gompers

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Gompers used THESE two methods between labor and management to win higher wages and shorter workweeks.

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strikes and collective bargaining

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Labor leader of the first union of skilled and unskilled workers in one industry; the American Railway Union.

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Eugene V. Debs

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Organized in Chicago in 1905, a group of radical unionists and socialists known as Wobblies.

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Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

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In 1877, workers for the Baltimore and Ohio railroad went out on strike. The strike was broken up when the railroad president persuaded HIM to bring in federal troops to end the strike.

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Rutherford B. Hayes

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Prominent organizer in the women's labor movement and the United Mine Workers of America, and a supporter of the Great Strike of 1877

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Mary Harris Jones ("Mother" Jones)

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Labor leaders were blamed when a bomb exploded at a demonstration 1n Chicago in 1886 killing several people. Four labor leaders were hanged even though no one knows who actually set off the bomb.

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Haymarket Affair

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In 1892, steel workers and Pinkerton Guards fought THIS battle near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that left dead on both sides.

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Homestead

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A strike against THIS company in 1894, led by Eugene V. Debs and his American Railway Union turned violent where federal troops were called out to break the strike.

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Pullman Company

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More often than not, the government sided with the owners and against the unions. Courts used THIS Act against the workers. Despite the pressures of government action, unions continued to grow.

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Sherman Antitrust Act

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THE END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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STUDY

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