Aldehydes and ketones undergo what type of reaction?

• Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/ch20-40864/

What three tests were preformed in the aldehydes and ketones lab?

The Tollens test, the Schiff test, and the Iodoform test. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/aldehydes-ketones/

Nucleophilic Addition to Aldehydes and Ketones (Mechanism)

The net result is that the ? bond is broken, two new ? bonds are formed, and the elements of H and Nu are added across the ? bond. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/ch20-40864/

Substitution vs Addition (Why don’t aldehydes and ketones undergo substitution reactions like Carboxylic acids, Amides, Esters, Anhydrides)

In order for a substitution to occur there must be a leaving group. Acid derivatives all have leaving groups: Cl- in the case of acid chlorides, -OH in the case of carboxylic acids, a carboxylate ion in the case of anhydrides, etc. The stability of these groups after they leave varies widely, but in the case of an aldehyde or ketone there are no groups that would be reasonably stable and therefore no candidates to act as leaving groups. The aldehyde hydrogen will not leave as H:-, nor will an R group leave from a ketone as a carbanion R:- (excluding rare cases where substituents on the R group dramatically change its properties—as in -RX3). In both cases the leaving group would become a strong base. Recall that strong bases never make good leaving groups. Good leaving groups must be weak bases that are stable after they leave. For this reason, aldehydes and ketones only undergo addition reactions—lacking a suitable leaving group to undergo substitution. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/organic-final-all/

The VSEPR model predicts bond angles of 120° about the carbonyl carbon of aldehydes and ketones.

True More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chemistry-ch-14-15-16-18/

Why can’t Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic substitution?

Aldehydes and ketones cannot undergo substitution because they have no leaving group bonded to the newly formed sp³ hybridized carbon. Nucleophilic substitution with an aldehyde, for example, would form H:-, an extremely strong base and therefore a very poor (and highly unlikely) leaving group. More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/ch20-40864/

What is the difference in the smell between aldehydes and ketones?

Aldehydes have pungent odors (like vanilla extract or cinamaldehyde) and Ketones tend to smell sweet (the sweet odors of spearment and caraway seed (carvone). More test answers on https://studyhippo.com/chapter-18-bruice-carbonyl-compounds-ii-in-depth-plus-suplimentary-material-from-previous-chapters-2/

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Aldehydes And Ketones Flashcards, test questions and answers

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What is Aldehydes And Ketones?

Aldehydes and ketones are important organic compounds that are used in a vast range of areas, from pharmaceuticals to food additives. Aldehydes and ketones have similar physical and chemical properties, but there are also some key differences between them. Aldehydes have a carbonyl group bound to at least one hydrogen atom, while ketones have two alkyl groups bound to the carbonyl group. This means that aldehydes have higher reactivity than ketones due to the presence of the hydrogen atom. As such, aldehydes can be oxidized easily in order to form carboxylic acids or other compounds with multiple oxygen atoms. The main difference between aldehydes and ketones is their stability when exposed to air or light. Aldehydes tend to be more reactive than ketones due to their presence of an unshared electron pair on the carbon atom attached directly to the carbonyl group which makes them more prone to oxidation reactions with atmospheric oxygen or light exposure. This means that they must often be stored in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon gas in order for them not lose their reactivity over time due to oxidation reactions with air or light exposure. On the other hand, Ketones are relatively stable even in normal conditions because they lack an unshared electron pair on the carbon atom attached directly to the carbonyl group making them less prone oxidation reactions with atmospheric oxygen or light exposure. Aldehydes and Ketones can both undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, however they differ when it comes to electrophilic addition reactions; while Aldehydes can undergo electrophilic addition reaction due their presence of an unshared electron pair on the carbon atom attached directly othe carbonyl group making them susceptible towards electrophiles, Ketone cannot under go this type of reaction as they lack an unshared electron pair on this particular carbon atom making it less susceptible towards electrophiles. In conclusion, although Aldehyde and Ketone share many similar properties & structure , there are also some key differences such as their reactivity & stability when exposed air/light ,electrophilic addition reaction ability etc. These differences make these two organic compounds important players for different industries ranging from pharmaceuticals ,food additives etc .