test #4: ch 11, 12, 13 – Flashcards
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children grow more slowly than they did in early childhood
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growth rate in middle childhood
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having parents, teachers, and peers who demonstrate healthy lifestyle habits
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Develop healthy lifestyle habits for chidlren..
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ratio between a person's height and weight
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BMI
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asthma is a disordered caused by ______ of the airways
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inflammation
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an asthmatic child who gets shots in the doctor's office is operating at the ____ level of prevention
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tertiary
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time it takes someone to respond to a particular stimulus
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reaction time
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growth in brain sophistication during middle childhood allows the child to direct his focus on certain stimuli to the exclusion of thers
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selective attention
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one fo the major differences in brain development that distinguishes middle childhood is the development of...
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automatization
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extensive neural myelination allows...
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automatization to improve
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achievement tests are to aptitude tests
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knowledge is to potential
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Stanford-Binet and Wechsler are
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intelligence scales
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that musical ability is a type of intelligence
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Howard Gardner believes...
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insights from normal development are applied to the study of childhood disorders in...
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Developmental psychopathology
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having multiple conditions (ADHD and dyslexia)
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comorbidity
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children w attention-deficit disorders
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experience difficulty in concentrating
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most likely to be diagnoased for ADHD
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boys
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significant delay in a specific area of learning not associated w a physical handicap, mental retardation, or stressful environment is indication of..
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learning disability
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obsessive about details, does not relate with other children
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Asperger syndrome
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very intelligent
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autistic chilren can be
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difficutly understand other's emotions, has a deficit of mirror neurons in his brain
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Autistic spectrum disorder
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genetic vunerability coupled w other factors
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autism is caused by
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first person to recognize a child's special needs
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teacher is...
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taught in the classroom but has a private tutor for part of the day
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inclusion
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most general education context in which children w/ special needs can be expected to learn
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least restrictive environment
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(Piaget) abilities do chidlren gain during middle childhood
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logic
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(Piaget) In the school years, children are in the period of ____
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concrete operational thought
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ex: arranging buttons from smallest to largest
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seriation
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sensation becomes perception, which triggeres....
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sensory memory
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children able to develop their own memory aids and organize information on their own
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age 9-11
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logical principle that certain characteristics of an object remain the same even if other characteristics change
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identity
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school age children move towards more flexible logic as a result of decreasing...
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egocentrism
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Piaget
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individual context
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Vygotsky
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social context
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emphasized the child's own discovery processes
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Piaget
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stressed the importance of instruction
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Vygotsky
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speed and capacity of thought inclreses for school-age children primarily because of the...
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environmental changes and emotional maturation
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remember a new activity or new concepts
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rehearsal
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speed of thinking is increased by...
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neurological maturation and experience
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doing something quickly w/o much thought
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automatization
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change in cognition that allows children to focus w/o becoming distracted, persist at tasks, and exhibit quick, efficient memory as a result of the development of...
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control processes
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executive role in the information-processing system
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control processes
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thinking about one's thinking processes
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metacognition
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school-age children can evalutat their own progress (unlike preschoolers)
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learning and problem-solving abilities
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increased cognitive flexibility, linguistic ability, and social awareness make it possible for school-age children to...
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understand jokes and metaphors
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understanding one's town of voice may override the literal context of one's speach.
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pragmatics of language
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it is most effective to start teaching a second language at...
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middle childhood, about age 7
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teaching a second language in which children spend the entire day instructed in the 2nd language
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immersion approach
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play important roles in the connection between low SES and language learning
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early exposure to language and expectation
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national differences are greater than gender differences
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math and reading ability differences
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increasing ability to regulate themselves, to take responsibility, and to exercise self-control
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autonomy
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related to whole language vs. phonics
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reading wars
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(Erikson) children in middle childhood tend to judge themselves as...
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industrious or inferior
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Freud
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respression of his psychosexual needs
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engage in social conparison, effortful control, are loyal
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school-age children will...
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assesses one's abilities, achievements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against those of peers...
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social comparison
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decreases during school years
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self-esteem
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ability to regulate one's emotions and actions through effort, not simply through natural inclination
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effortful control
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view herself highly but scorn her peers
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bullies will...
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being able to bounce back or remain the same under rough situations
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resilient
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major coping measure that helps children and families deal w/ problems and stress
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social support
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are the 5 essential functions for school-age children being fulfilled
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family structures
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biological siblings who live w/ biological parents
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nuclear family
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have the greatest influence on whether or not children thrive in a blended family
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SES and emotional security of the parents
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the parents' reaction to poverty in the crucial factor in family stress
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family stress model illustrates
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most negatively impacted by moving cities and schools
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10 years old
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particular habits, styles,a nd values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society
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culture of children
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shy and anxious 8 year old. Other children seem not to like her
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withdrawn-rejected child
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when children are able to understand social interactions, including the causes and consequences of behavior...
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social cognition
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bullying is...
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repeated
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a child is most likely to be a victim of bullying of he is...
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withdrawn-rejected
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analyzing how people reason about what is right/wrong
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morality is measured by...
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(Piage) stage of development that is similar to Kohlberg's stage of perconventional morality
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preoperational stage
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(Kohlberg) moral development where child is good out of fear of punishment
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preconventional
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"I am careful not to get caught"
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preconventional level...
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child participates in moral arguments on issues of right and wrong.
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concrete operational thinking and peer experience
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high warmth, much discussion, should succeed
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Authoritariative
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strict, often physical, low warmth, MUST succeed
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Authoritarian
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high warmth, no discipline, low expectations
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Permissive
