sports management final – Flashcards
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the federations of governing sports throughout the world
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national governing bodies
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for a sport to be included on the summer olympic program, it must be practiced by:
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men in at least 75 countries on 4 continents women in at least 40 countries on 3 continents
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the organizing committee for the olympic games (ocog) is responsible for:
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planning implementing staging the olympic games in a host city
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true or false: leagues derive the bulk of their revenues from gate receipts
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false
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IOC members must speak one of the six languages spoken at IOC sessions. what are they
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english, spanish, french, german, russian, arabic
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term used to describe a team's ability to relocate
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franchise free agency
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the olympic motto, "citius, altius, fortius" translates to...
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swifter, higher, stronger
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john montgomery ward founded the first baseball players union in 1890 to fight what practices by baseball team owners
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a. salary caps b. baseball's reserve system c. baseball's practice of selling players receiving a share of profits
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what is the only sports league to ban corporate ownership
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nfl
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strikes are much more disruptive in pro sports than in mainstream business because
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players have unique talents and cannot be replaced with temporary replacement workers
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the privileges granted to owners that come with team ownership
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franchise rights
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the response to an impasse in labor negotiations is usually..
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a lockout or strike
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collective bargaining agreement covers..
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wages, hours, terms and conditions of employment
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method for leagues to establish themselves in a manner that avoids antitrust liability and creates centralized fiscal control
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the labor exemption
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sport law was first documented as a formally recognized specialty:
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1972, boston college law school's professor robert berry offered a course entitled regulation of the professional sport industry
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law used to protect against ambush marketing
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the lanham act
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female coaches whose salaries are not equal to those of their male counterparts have filed ____ lawsuits
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equal pay act
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first intercollegiate athletic contest
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crew race between harvard and yale
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first intercollegiate athletic contest was held in what time period
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mid 1800s
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what % of NBA television revenues and merchandise sales come from foreign markets
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40%
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the initial collegiate athletic contests were
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student-run events
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the "power" schools during initial collegiate contests were the
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ivy league schools
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according to Much and Gotto, what are the 2 most important factors in determining a franchise's value?
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the degree of league revenue sharing and stability of a league's labor situation
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although the nfl bans corporate ownership, it has made an exemption for what team?
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green bay packers
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what league first created the position of commissioner to govern the best interests of the sport?
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nba
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concept introduced by pete rozelle that owners needed to do what was best for the league as opposed to their individual franchise..
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"league think"
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the intercollegiate football assoc. was formed to regulate
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playing and eligibility rules
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first intercollegiate athletic coach was
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a physical therapist hired to introduce a training program
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original name of the NCAA
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intercollegiate athletic association of the united states
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what was the prevailing reason in college football late 1800s and early 1900s
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the # of injuries and deaths occurring
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this university president was a pioneer at the time of the century in reforming college football and the # of deaths and injuries that were occurring...
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president maccracken of new york university
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true or false: the ncaa refers to student-athletes from other countries as non-resident aliens
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true
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the contract governing the collective trust of the owners in professional sport
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collective bargaining
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equal protection applies to discrimination on the basis of
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1. race, religion, and national origin 2. gender 3. such areas as physical or mental disability, sexual orientation, socioeconomic background, or athletic team membership
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a tort that allows a plaintiff to sue a superior for the negligent acts of a subordinate
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vicarious liability
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a waiver violates public policy if..
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1. it pertains to a service important to the public 2. the parties are not of equal bargaining power 3. there is an employer -employee relationship between the parties entering the waiver contract 4. it attempts to preclude liability for extreme forms of conduct, such as gross negligence or intentional acts
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used as a mechanism to influence competitive balance; with this, a payroll threshold is set prior to a season and teams that exceed this threshold pay based on the excess amount
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luxury tax
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in spectator sports, stadium construction projects are often financed with ___
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bonds
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what is the term given to the amount of their own money owners have invested in the firm
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equity
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the average player salary in the nba is now approximately
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$5.8 million
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leagues such as the nfl, nba, and mlb, all maintain "credit facilities" because...
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the leagues can borrow less expensively than can individual teams
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where revenue sharing may be effective as a tool to improve competitive balance is when it is used in conjunction with a ________
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hard salary cap
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the philosophy behind a "hard" salary cap is to...
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constraint all franchises to spend the same amount on payroll
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increased revenue in spectator sports has come from
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gate receipts, broadcast contracts, stadium naming rights
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the increase in ticket prices in all leagues in recent years reflects...
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consumer's increased affluence and the growing popularity of sport
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in which american major league sport has a rival league not emerged sine ww11
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baseball
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anything that an organization owns that can be used to generate future revenues
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assets
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in a basic sense, the financial success of an organization is ultimately dependent on...
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profits
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the concept of ______ is probably the best measure of an industry's impact
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value added
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total spending across the entire sports industry amounted to approximately _____ in 2012
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435 billion
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the nfl's current tv contract calls for the leage to be paid more than ____ per year
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3 billion
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when a team raises significantly after a winning season, it represents an action consistent with the principles of relationship marketing
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false
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unpredictability is a major disadvantage for sport marketers
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false
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sports marketing includes the marketing of ______, _______, and _______
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products, cervices, and entities
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the sport marketer is able to control their product in a manner similar to a traditional marketer
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false
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beyond teams, recent research suggests that fans may also identify with an array of elements including..
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coaches, individual players, smaller subgroups of fans, or with sports in general
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customer retention activities demonstrating care and concern for the customer following a purchase is considered by marketers as
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aftermarketing
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has the aim of building mutually satisfying long-term relations with key parties- customers, suppliers, distributors- in order to earn and retain their business
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relationship marketing
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personal commitment and emotional involvement customers have with a sport organization
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fan identification
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because a sport marketer has very little control over their core product, it has led entrepreneurs like bill veeck to focus on
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product extensions
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the controllable variables the company puts together to satisfy a target group are referred to as the
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marketing mix
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in 1992, the san jose sharks utilized _____in heavily traveled areas to help gain infor about fan reaction to proposed logo and uniform designs
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"pass-by interviews"
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who founded National League of Profession Baseball Players
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William Hulbert
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first professional sport in united states
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harness racing
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academic association that oversees sport management programs in europe is
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EASM
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sport management structures evolve in response to
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broad social change
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who first discussed the concept of offering sport management programs at colleges and universities
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james mason
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fred corcoran convinced cities to host golf tournaments by telling them the benefits of
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profession golfers spending on hotels and restaurants
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what 2 themes are consistent with this chapter's examination of sport organizations
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honesty and inclusion
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first organized group of professional baseball players was known as the
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national association of professional baseball players
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what baseball industry professional was involved with the initial discussions of developing sport mgnt as an academic field
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walter o'malley
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what year were the first modern olympic games held
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1896
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first sport to use sport management principles in the US
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harness racing
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the organization(s) that approve(s) sport mgnt academic programs is/are
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NASSM/NASPE
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what university had the first sport management academic program
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ohio university
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who is recognized as the architect of the professional golf tournament
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fred corcoran
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sport management originated in thoroughbred racing in the form of
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jockey clubs
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bill veeck believed and operated under the philosophy that fans came to the ballpark to ..
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be entertained
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the emphasized on product extensions and the development of team sport promotional strategy can be attributed to...
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bill veeck
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by turning a parking garage in proximity to the 1996 atlanta olympic village into a mini-nike town, nike was involed in..
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ambush marketing
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first company to capitalize on the term official with regard to a professional sport product was..
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spalding
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earliest evolutionary change in sports broadcasting from factual reporting to sports entertainment was seen within...
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ABC'S monday night football broadcast
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group of consumers to whom a product is marketed is the ..
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target markets
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the marketers job boils down to one action:
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creating demand
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current management theory stresses the concepts of employee involvement, employee empowerment, and _____
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managers' concern with the human component of employees
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in 2011, minorities accounted for approximately _____ of the sport industry workforce while women held approx. ___ managerial positions in the workforce
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35.19% 44.2%
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the functional areas of management that have been used to explain and prepare managers for the various activities they get involved in include..
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planning, organizing, leading and evaluating
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refers to the ability of workers to identify and acknowledge emotions when they occur, and instead of having an immediate emotional response, to take a step back, allowing rational thought to influence their actions
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emotional intelligence
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refers to the encouragement of employees to use their initiative and make decisions within their area of operations
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empowerment
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involves measuring and ensuring progress toward organizational objectives
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evaluating
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"action" part of the management process; process that involves assigning responsibility and accountability for results to employees is_____
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delegation
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proper steps involved in recruiting and selecting the right person for getting the job done include:
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1. advertising the position 2. reviewing completed applications 3. choosing qualified people for the interview process 4. checking references 5. selecting the "best fit" person for the job
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the manager determines what types of jobs need to be performed and who will be responsible for doing these jobs during the _____ function
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organizing
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continuous process that involves establishing organizational mission statements, goals, objectives, tactics, roles, and evaluation
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planning
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role that assesses the needs of their employees an utilize appropriate skills to meet the needs of the employees, all the while also getting the job done
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managers
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changed management thinking to focus on the behavior of people and the human components in the workplace rather than on the scientific approach to performing a task
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human relations movement
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