Sociology Ch13 – Flashcards
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Increases with age
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Generally, voter participation in the United States...
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Preindustrial, industrial , and postindustrial
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What are the different types of economic systems?
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Invisible hand
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What did Adam Smith call the interplay between supply and demand?
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Capitalists
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According to Marx, what are the bourgeoise?
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Capitalism
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Some people believe that the collapse of communism leaves what as a viable economic system?
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Late 1800s
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When did the corporations become the moving force behind economy?
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Small corporations
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Management of a corporation by its stockholders is typically practiced by...
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Oligopoly
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One of the chief consequences of corporate capitalism is the growth of what?
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Exxon Mobile
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What company had the highest multinational revenues in 1999?
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Less-skilled
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Technological advances are eliminating what kind of jobs?
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Internet
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The global network that links millions of computers is the...
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Making systems more secure
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What are many businesses doing to ease e-commerce consumers' fears about loss of privacy?
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self interest & market competition
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In a purely capitalist society, the economy is regulated by ....
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Business-to-Business
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What is the largest sector of e-commerce?
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California's high tech industrial region
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Silicon Valley is...
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World War II
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When did the United States establish the office of War Information?
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Industrialization, limits on power, access to information, and shared values
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What conditions are needed for democracy to thrive?
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Private business
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China adjusted its constitution in 1999 to acknowledge the economic importance of what?
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Erich Fromm
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Who tried to answer the question of why individuals submit to totalitarian rule in Escape from Freedom?
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Communist
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The United States has offered assistance to countries changing from what type of government system?
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Democracy aid
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Aid specifically designed to foster a democratic opening in a nondemocratic country is...
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1776
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What year did Adam Smith suggest specialization of jobs?
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Voter apathy
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Which of the following poses a threat to American democracy?
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Economic institution
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A system of roles and norms that governs the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
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Factors of production
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Resources needed to produce goods and services
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Primary sector
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Deals with the extraction of raw materials from the environment
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Secondary sector
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Concentrates on the use of raw materials to manufacture goods
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Tertiary sector
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Emphasis on producing services
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Capitalism
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Factors of production are owned by individuals
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Socialism
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Factors of production are owned by the government
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Law of supply
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States that producers will supply more products when they charge higher prices and fewer with lower prices
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Law of demand
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States that consumers will demand more of a product as the price of the product decreases
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Laissez-faire capitalism
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Pure form of capitalism in which the government does not interfere with the economy
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Free-enterprise system
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A system with limited government control of business operations
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Communism
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Political and economic system in which property is communally owned
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Totalitarianism
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Those in power exercise complete authority over lives of individual citizens
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Corporations
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A business organization that is owned by stockholders and is treated by law as if it were owned by an individual person
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Oligopoly
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The market situation in which a few large companies control the industry
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Protectionism
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The rise of trade barriers to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competitors
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Free trade
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Trade that is not restricted by trade barriers between countries
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Multinational corporations
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Any corporation that has factories and offices in several countries
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E-commerce
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Business conducted over the Internet
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Adam Smith
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Suggested that specialization could greatly increase productivity
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Power
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The ability to control others with or without consent
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State
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The primary political authority in society
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Political institution
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The system of roles and norms that governs the distribution and exercise of power in society
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Legitimacy
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Whether those in power are viewed as having the right to control, or govern, others
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Authority
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Legitimate power
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Traditional authority
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Power based on long standing custom
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Rational-length authority
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Outline the rules and regulations of those in power
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Charismatic authority
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Based on the personal characteristics of the individuals exercising the power
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Coercion
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Power that is considered illegitimate by the people being governed and is exercised through threat or force
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Democracy
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Power is exercised through the people
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Monarchy
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Type of government in which one person rules
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Constitutional monarchy
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Type of government in which the ruler, or monarch, is nothing more than a symbolic head of state
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Democratic socialism
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Combination of democratic government and socialist economy
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Authoritarianism
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Power rests firmly in the state
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Dictatorship
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An authoritarian system in which power is in the hands of a single individual
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Absolute monarchy
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An authoritarian system in which the hereditary ruler holds absolute power
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Junta
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An authoritarian system in which a small group has seized power from the previous government by force
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Political party
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An organization that seeks to gain power through legitimate means
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Proportional representation
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System in which a party receives number of seats in government related to the popular votes they received
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Interest groups
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An organization that attempts to influence the political decision making process
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Power-elite model
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States that the political power is exercised to the privileged few in society
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Pluralist model
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States that the political process is controlled by interest groups that compete with one another for power
