question

. The social institution that relies on a recognized set of procedures for implementing and achieving the goals of a group is called a (an) A. action committee. B. interest group. C. elite group. D. political system.

answer

D.Political System

question

Like other social institutions, economic and political systems are considered A. latent functions. B. cultural universals. C. culturally relative. D. interest groups.

answer

B.Cultural Universals

question

. Which term was used by Max Weber to refer to the ability to exercise one's will over others? A. legitimacy B. politics C. influence D. power

answer

D.power

question

After hearing a presentation of facts he had not heard before, a man changes his position on the issue of immigrant refugees being granted asylum in the U.S. This would be an example of A. force. B. authority. C. legitimacy. D. influence.

answer

D.influence

question

Which of the following terms refers to power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised? A. influence B. authority C. legitimacy D. political efficacy

answer

B. authority

question

Which of the following created a classification system of authority that distinguishes between traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic authority? A. Michael Harrington B. Émile Durkheim C. Karl Marx D. Max Weber

answer

D. Max Weber

question

7. Traditional authority refers to A. legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice. B. power made legitimate by a leader's exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers. C. power made legitimate by law. D. none of these

answer

A. legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice.

question

In a society based on rational-legal authority, leaders derive their authority from A. custom and accepted practice. B. their exceptional personal or emotional appeal. C. the written rules and regulations of the political system. D. threats to use coercion to impose their will on others.

answer

C. the written rules and regulations of the political system.

question

Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Adolf Hitler, and Joan of Arc were all leaders who used their respective power to press for changes in accepted social behavior. Their respective power came from what kind of authority? A. egalitarian authority B. charismatic authority C. traditional authority D. rational-legal authority

answer

B. charismatic authority

question

Which form of government is lead by a single member of a royal family? A. democracy B. dictatorship C. oligarchy D. monarchy

answer

D. monarchy

question

What term for government do we use to refer to a small group of individuals who rule? A. parliamentary B. dictatorship C. oligarchy D. representative democracy

answer

C. oligarchy

question

In which type of government does a single person hold all power? A. parliamentary B. dictatorship C. oligarchy D. representative democracy

answer

B.dictatorship

question

The United States utilizes which type of government? A. parliamentary B. plutocracy C. oligarchy D. representative democracy

answer

D. representative democracy

question

14. How do sociologists define the concept of peace? A. the absence of war B. a stasis of communal life C. proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations D. the absence of war AND proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations

answer

D. the absence of war AND proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations

question

Which model of power relations suggests that society is ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests? A. pluralist model B. elite model C. functionalist model D. interactionist model

answer

B.elite model

question

The pluralist model of power relations in the U.S. suggests that A. power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of military, corporate, and political leaders. B. power is held by many competing groups which have access to government, so that no single group is dominant. C. power is held by a group of charismatic leaders. D. power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of military, corporate, and political leaders AND held by a group of charismatic leaders.

answer

B. power is held by many competing groups which have access to government, so that no single group is dominant.

question

17. A society such as France or Italy that has an economy based on the production of goods in factories through mechanization would be an example of a (an) _______________ society. A. agrarian B. industrial C. postindustrial D. horticultural

answer

B. industrial

question

What are the two basic types of economic systems that distinguish contemporary societies? A. capitalism and communism B. capitalism and socialism C. socialism and communism D. capitalism and democracy

answer

B. capitalism and socialism

question

Capitalism is an economic system in which A. the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. B. all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C. the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D. none of these

answer

A. the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.

question

Laissez-faire is a form of A. socialism under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy. B. communism under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy. C. totalitarianism under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy. D. capitalism under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy.

answer

D. capitalism under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy.

question

Socialism is defined as A. an economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. B. an economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. C. an economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D. none of these

answer

C. an economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned.

question

The U.S. has considered a national health care system that would guarantee medical coverage to all citizens as a basic human right. The government's involvement in providing health care for all citizens is characteristic of which type of economic system? A. communism B. socialism C. laissez-faire capitalism D. contemporary capitalism

answer

B. socialism

question

Communism is an economic system in which A. the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. B. all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C. the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D. none of these

answer

B. all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce.

question

Transfers of money, goods, or services that take place but are not reported to the government are referred to as A. socialist sanctions. B. communism. C. an informal economy. D. capitalistic profits.

answer

C. an informal economy.

question

Reductions taken in a company's workforce as part of deindustrialization are called A. deindustrialization. B. downsizing. C. anomie. D. alienation.

answer

B.downsizing.

question

The term microfinancing refers to A. lending small sums of money to the poor so that they can work their way out of poverty. B. welfare handouts for poor people in developing countries. C. welfare handouts for poor people in industrial countries. D. pyramid schemes.

answer

A. lending small sums of money to the poor so that they can work their way out of poverty.

question

Feminist theorists are particularly interested in microfinancing because: A. The majority of these loans go to men. B. The majority of these loans go to women. C. The majority of the loans have a high interest rate. D. The majority of these loans go to sex traffickers.

answer

B. The majority of these loans go to women.

question

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to view affirmative action as a legislative attempt to reduce inequality embedded in the social structure by increasing the opportunities of groups that have been deprived in the past? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. none of these

answer

B. conflict perspective

question

Which sociological perspective would be most interested in studying how the introduction of an affirmative action program in a factory creates labels and stereotypes within a workplace and affects the relationships among employees? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. none of these

answer

C. interactionist perspective

question

Your textbook refers to "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity" as A. euphoria. B. health. C. happiness. D. well-being.

answer

B. health.

question

The concept of the sick role is associated with which perspective? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective

answer

A. functionalist perspective

question

In examining health, illness, and medicine as a social institution, which sociological perspective generally focuses on microlevel study of the roles played by healthcare professionals and patients? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective

answer

C. interactionist perspective

question

The medicalization of society refers to A. the growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control. B. the dominance of hospitals by boards of directors with medical backgrounds. C. the election of medical specialists to high offices in government. D. all of these

answer

A. the growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control.

question

Social epidemiology is defined as the A. total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. B. total number of communicable diseases that exist at a given time. C. study of the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population. D. total number of cases of infant deaths for a given population during a specific period of time.

answer

C. study of the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population.

question

Mortality rates are the A. incidence of diseases in a given population. B. number of new cases of a specific disorder occurring within a given population during a stated period of time. C. incidence of death in a given population. D. total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time.

answer

C. incidence of death in a given population.

question

Which sociological perspective(s) would be most likely to argue that policymakers have been slow to respond to the AIDS crisis because those in high-risk groups, such as gay men and IV drug users, are comparatively powerless politically? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict and feminist perspectives C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective

answer

B. conflict and feminist perspectives

question

In comparison with men, women have lower rates of A. employment in dangerous occupations. B. cigarette smoking. C. consumption of alcohol. D. all of these

answer

D. all of these

question

Which type of medicine refers to therapies in which the health care practitioner considers the person's physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual characteristics? A. traditional B. ayurveda C. holistic D. homeopathy

answer

C. holistic

question

Which area of study is concerned with the interrelationships among people in their spatial setting and physical environment? A. human relations approach B. human ecology C. activity theory D. humanism

answer

B. human ecology

question

Erin Brockovich, a movie that features Julia Roberts, examines a true life event that revolves around environmental pollution in a working-class community by a major utility corporation that was apparently unconcerned about the long-term effects of the pollution on community residents. This movie illustrates which sociological concept? A. environmental racism B. environmental justice C. demographic transition D. demographic intransigence

answer

B. environmental justice

question

Which perspective would place a priority on the fact that many major environmental organizations accept funding from oil companies and chemical giants and as a result emphasize limited reform rather than profound structural change? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

answer

B. conflict

question

Social change is defined as A. a theory that holds that society is moving in a specific direction. B. a view of society as tending toward instability. C. significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture, including norms and values. D. a view that society is moving in several different directions at the same time.

answer

C. significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture, including norms and values.

question

Which term is used by sociologists to refer to organized collective activities aimed at bringing about fundamental changes in existing society? A. social movements B. social groups C. power movements D. pressure groups

answer

A. social movements

question

Auguste Comte saw societies as moving forward in their thinking from A. mythology to scientific method. B. scientific method to mythology. C. mythology to religion. D. monarchy to democracy.

answer

A. mythology to scientific method.

question

Émile Durkheim contended that societies progressed from A. simple to sophisticated. B. non-cultured to cultured. C. simple to complex. D. nonliterate to literate.

answer

C. simple to complex.

question

Talcott Parsons viewed society as naturally being in a state of A. anarchy. B. goal displacement. C. equilibrium. D. relative deprivation.

answer

C. equilibrium.

question

Which sociological perspective criticizes the functionalist approach to social change for disregarding the crucial significance of change that is needed to correct social injustices and inequalities? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. dialectical perspective

answer

B. conflict perspective

question

Various religious groups and their followers are very upset about scientific advances in reproductive technology, such as birth control pills, abortion pills, in-vitro fertilization, and genetic engineering. This conflict between religious values and new scientific concepts illustrates A. material culture. B. nonmaterial culture. C. culture lag. D. cultural adaptation.

answer

C. culture lag.

question

The laptop computer, wireless telephones, pagers, and laser eye surgery are all examples of A. technology. B. resources. C. cyberspace. D. adaptive upgrading.

answer

A. technology.

question

. Rebellious craft workers in nineteenth-century England who destroyed new factory machinery as part of their resistance to the new industrial revolution were known as A. Shakers. B. Luddites. C. Amish. D. Rappites.

answer

B. Luddites.

Sociology Answer Key-Exam#5 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards