Quiz #1-2 for Anthropolgy – Flashcards
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In the article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema," Horace Miner is describing: a.how he looks at the world. b.his own body rituals. c.how the Nacirema people look at the world. d.the body rituals of the Nacirema people. e.how the Nacirema people look at the world, and how that worldview affects the body rituals they perform.
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e.how the Nacirema people look at the world, and how that worldview affects the body rituals they perform.
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Miner says that the Nacirema believe that the human body is: a.perfect and that its natural tendency is to be strong and healthy. b.beautiful and that its natural tendency is to be strong and healthy. c.beautiful, but that its natural tendency is to be weak and sick. d.ugly and that its natural tendency is to be weak and sick. e.ugly, but that its natural tendency is to be strong and healthy.
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d.ugly and that its natural tendency is to be weak and sick.
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According to Miner, the Nacirema conduct most of thier daily rituals: a.during family mealtimes. b.at public shrines. c.in private, at shrines located within the family residence. d.when the family is gathered before the family shrine in the kitchen. e.in private, at outdoor shrines on the family property.
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c.in private, at shrines located within the family residence.
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Miner describes the Nacirema as all of the following, EXCEPT: a.living next door. b.an example of the extremes to which human behavior can go. c.characterized by a highly developed market economy. d.a North American group. e.a magic-ridden people.
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e.a magic-ridden people.
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Archaeology is the study of cultures in: a.Europe and the Middle East. b.Africa and Asia. c.the human past. d.the New World. e.the Old World.
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c.the human past.
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Ethnographic fieldwork is the primary research strategy of which field? a.archaeology b.biological anthropology c.historic linguistics d.cultural anthropology e.sociolinguistics
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d.cultural anthropology
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What do historic archaeologists have access to that sets them apart from other archaeologists? a.processual methods b.written records c.large cities d.social capital e.formal art
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b.written records
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What is considered the most distinctive feature of being human? a.tool use b.the wheel c.bipedal locomotion d.language e.migration
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d.language
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Cultural anthropologists analyze and compare data on different cultures using the method known as: a.ethnocentrism. b.ethnographic analogy. c.cultural relativism. d.sociolinguistics. e.ethnology.
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e.ethnology.
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The belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural, and viewing the different practices of other people as strange and unnatural, is called: a.myopia. b.relativism. c.narrow-mindedness. d.shortsightedness. e.ethnocentrism.
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e.ethnocentrism.
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Cultural anthropologists like to hang out with the people they are studying as they work, celebrate, dance, or play games, and ask lots of questions while they are doing it. This is known as: a.ethnocentrism. b.participant observation. c.active research. d.cognitive study. e.ethnology.
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b.participant observation.
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Anthropologists who explore all aspects of human culture—from war and violence to love, sexuality, and child rearing—and look at the meanings that people from all over the world place on them are known as: a.archaeologists. b.sociolinguists. c.sociologists. d.ethnologists. e.cultural anthropologists.
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e.cultural anthropologists.
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The study of the full scope of human diversity, past and present, and the application of that knowledge to help people understand each other define what aspect of anthropology? a.ethnology d.inclusivity b.fieldwork e.bridge building c.holism
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c.holism
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The worldwide intensification of interactions among human beings across national borders is referred to as: a.time-space compression. b.outsourcing. c.globalism. d.increasing migration. e.density of acquaintance.
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c.globalism.
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We refer to changes in the way we think about how long something should take or how far away people are as: a.flexible time scales. b.uneven development. c.key dynamics. d.time-space compression. e.technological innovation.
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d.time-space compression.
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When companies move their production facilities around the world to take advantage of cheaper labor and lower taxes, this is called: a.marginal exploitation. b.technological migration. c.labor-tax compression. d.uneven development. e.flexible accumulation.
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e.flexible accumulation.
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Swift economic development and wealth among some groups while others are pushed into extreme poverty are due to: a.flexible accumulation. b.uneven development c.neocolonialism. d.marginalization e.economic elitism..
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a.flexible accumulation.
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What key dynamic of globalization is characterized by movement of people not only between countries but also within the individual countries themselves? a.ease of transportation b.flexible accumulation c.increasing migration d.population drive e.time-space compression
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c.increasing migration
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Anthropology developed during an intense period of globalism in which century? a.fifteenth century b.sixteenth century c.seventeenth century d.eighteenth century e.nineteenth century
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e.nineteenth century
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The belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural is known as: a.consensus. b.conventionality c.ethnocentrism. d.normalcy. e.parochialism.
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c.ethnocentrism.
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Research that compares two communities to examine links between them is referred to as: a.cross-linked. d.bilocational. b.multi-sited. e.descriptive. c.globalized.
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b.multi-sited.
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Anthropologists who study people and their daily interactions are called: a.physical anthropologists d.archaeologists b.cultural anthropologists e.paleoanthropologists c.linguistic anthropologis
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b.cultural anthropologists
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A pattern that can be applied to many specific descriptive patterns is called a: a.contingent pattern. d.pattern of social control. b.permanent pattern. e.lineage pattern. c.meta-pattern
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c.meta-pattern
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Which of the following describes the Nacirema's idea of "Notgnihsaw"? a.The spirit who brings debility and decay. b.A figure described in mythology as their founding cultural hero. c.The imposing temple of the medicine men. d.A religious order of the holy mouth men. e.A mother's curse on her children.
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b.A figure described in mythology as their founding cultural hero.
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Holism is: a.a central defining concept in anthropology. b.one thing that sets anthropology apart from other disciplines that study humanity. c."biology, science, language, and culture" (Kotak, 2009). d.concentration on the human past. e.only the sum of its parts
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a.a central defining concept in anthropology. c."biology, science, language, and culture" (Kotak, 2009). b.one thing that sets anthropology apart from other disciplines that study humanity.
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Which of the following statements are true? a.Speaking literally, holism is an ideal. b.The essence of thinking anthropologically is "thinking holistically." c.When we line up, side by side, the biological, cultural, linguistic, and archaeological aspects of a society, we are practicing anthropological holism. d.The holistic perspective begins with the assumption that cultures are integrated systems of varied and interdependent aspects of human life. e.Holism recognizes connections between the four subdisciplines of Biological Anthropology, Archaeology, Linguistic Anthropology, and Cultural Anthropology.
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a.Speaking literally, holism is an ideal. b.The essence of thinking anthropologically is "thinking holistically." d.The holistic perspective begins with the assumption that cultures are integrated systems of varied and interdependent aspects of human life. e.Holism recognizes connections between the four subdisciplines of Biological Anthropology, Archaeology, Linguistic Anthropology, and Cultural Anthropology.
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Consider the following story :A factory worker, at the end of each day, would leave the gate pushing a wheelbarrow. Each day, the guard at the gate would stop the worker, check to make sure the wheelbarrow was empty, and only then allow the worker to exit. Not until several moths later was it discovered that the worker had been stealing wheelbarrows. [Peacock, 1988] How does this story relate to "holism"? a.Holism reminds us to consider the container as well as the contents. b.Holism is "crucial for solving major riddles of human existence" (Harris, 1997, p. 25). c.The worker made a fool out of the factory guard. d.Even a wheelbarrow is worth stealing. e.The worker should be promoted for thinking holistically.
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a.Holism reminds us to consider the container as well as the contents. b.Holism is "crucial for solving major riddles of human existence" (Harris, 1997, p. 25).
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Cultural anthropologists look for patterns in: a.beliefs and values. b.the conjuction of ideas and actions. c.the relationship between different practices and institutions. d.traces of past tool use, site occupation, and ritual activity. e.as well as across genetic populations
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a.beliefs and values. b.the conjuction of ideas and actions. c.the relationship between different practices and institutions.
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"Pattern" in anthropology generally includes: a.random beliefs, customs, or practices over time and space. b.repitition of a belief, a practice, or a custom over time or space. c.generational difference in a belief, a practice, or a custom. d.almost anything that ends in -ism. e.even the absence of any observable pattern in a common practice such as eating.
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b.repitition of a belief, a practice, or a custom over time or space. c.generational difference in a belief, a practice, or a custom. d.almost anything that ends in -ism. e.even the absence of any observable pattern in a common practice such as eating.
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What anthropologists look for in studying culture and society is patterns in the life of a human polulation or group. This includes: a.land use. d.cooperation. b.movement. e.use of resources. c.marriage
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a.land use. d.cooperation. b.movement. e.use of resources. c.marriage
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Types of patterns include: a.descriptive patterns. d.normative patterns. b.associative patterns. e.preferential patterns. c.mandatory patterns.
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a.descriptive patterns. d.normative patterns. b.associative patterns. e.preferential patterns. c.mandatory patterns.
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a.cultural anthropology d.linguistic anthropology b.physical anthropology e.medical anthropology c.archaeology ____32.The study of people and their daily interactions is: ____33.The study of cultures in the human past is: ____34.The study of humans from both biological, and evolutionary perspectives is: ____35.The study of the way humans communicate is
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32-D 33- A 34-C 35-B
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The most effective strategy humans have developed to form stable, reliable, separate, and deeply connected groups that can last over time and through generations is termed: a.heredity. d.descent. b.family. e.kinship. c.marriage.
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e.kinship.
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Which of the following statements about kinship is true?a.Kinship is the only means through which humans form groups in any given society. b.Kinship is the system that determines who is related to whom in a given society. c.Kinship groups arise predominantly around the nuclear family. d.Kinship is not influenced by nonbiological relationships such as marriage. e.Unlike other aspects of culture, kinship is understood similarly across all cultures.
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d.Kinship is not influenced by nonbiological relationships such as marriage.
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The concept of kinship groups based chiefly on biological assumptions and the nuclear family consisting of solely a mother, a father, and their children is: a.a nearly universal, cross-cultural understanding of kinship. b.a Euro-American ideal. c.a stable model that matches the lived experience of most Americans. d.proven to be the best structure for society. e.unfamiliar as a cultural icon.
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b.a Euro-American ideal.
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Individuals learn basic patterns of human behavior from their families in a process termed: a.enculturation d.indoctrination b.adaptation e.proselytization c.adoption
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a.enculturation
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Which of the following is a descent group that is constructed through the mother's side of the family?a.patrilineal d.bilateral b.matrilineal e.cognatic c.ambilineal
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b.matrilineal
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A patrilineal descent group traces kinships through which side of the family? a.mother's d.father's b.sibling's e.cousin's c.grandparent's
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d.father's
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The practice of marriage to an individual outside of a particular group of people is termed: a.endrogamy. d.polygamy. b.androgamy. e.exogamy. c.endogamy.
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e.exogamy.
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The practice of requiring an individual to marry someone within their own group is considered: a.endrogamy. d.polygamy. b.androgamy. e.exogamy. c.endogamy.
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c.endogamy.
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Which of the following phenomenon is currently placing stress on kinship systems worldwide? a.democratization d.politicalization b.neoliberalization e.idealization c.globalization
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c.globalization
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Which of the following builds kinship ties between two people who are not typically immediate biological kin?a.blood d.descent b.marriage e.dowry c.lineage
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b.marriage
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Which of the following statements about marriage is true?a.Marriage occurs in every culture and is found in identical form wherever and whenever it exists. b.Marriage occurs in almost every culture in some form, but its exact characteristics vary widely. c.Marriage occurs in only a few cultures, but is found in identical form wherever and whenever it exists. d.Marriage occurs in only a few cultures, but takes a unique form wherever and when ever it exists. e.Marriage occurs in almost every culture in some form, and that form does not change over time.
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b.Marriage occurs in almost every culture in some form, but its exact characteristics vary widely.
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Which type of marriage between two individuals is negotiated in order to form economic and political alliances between larger kinship groups? a.arranged d.reproduced b.disrupted e.inherited c.companioned
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a.arranged
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Which of the following types of marriage is established based on love rather than strict social obligations?a.inherited d.arranged b.lineal e.companionate c.disrupted
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e.companionate
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The marriage practice in which one woman is married to two or more men is considered: a.polyandry d.polygyny b.monogamy e.monyandry c.polymandry
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a.polyandry
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The process by which an individual, whose marriage has ended due to divorce or death, remarries another individual is commonly called: a.serial polyandry d.lineal monotony b.lineal polygamy e.serial bigamy c.serial monogamy
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c.serial monogamy
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The incest taboo—rules that forbid sexual relations with close relatives such as siblings and parents—is: a.universal across all cultures in the world. b.very rare in world cultures. c.a direct response to concerns about biological degeneration and abnormality. d.inherited from our primate ancestors. e.not regulated by law in Western countries.
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a.universal across all cultures in the world.
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Which of the following are the two primary forms of gift exchange that formalize and legalize marriages, while establishing a relationship tie or alliance between kinship groups? a.bridewealth and endogamy d.bridewealth and dowry b.dowry and exchange e.dowry and exogamy c.bridewealth and reciprocity
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d.bridewealth and dowry
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Kinship includes: a.direct biological connections or marriage alliances only. b.biological descent and marriage alliances, but also practices such as fostering and fictive kin. c.marriage alliances and fictive kin only. d.biological connections only. e.marriage only.
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b.biological descent and marriage alliances, but also practices such as fostering and fictive kin.
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Artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, surrogacy, and cloning are four forms of which of the following types of technologies? a.bilateral d.reproductive b.reductive e.productive c.propagative
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d.reproductive
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Looking cross-culturally, anthropologists argue that: a.there is clearly a single universal definition of marriage. b.definitions of marriage vary across cultures and over time. c.definitions of marriage vary across cultures but are stable over time. d.definitions of marriage have been made universal by globalization. e.marriage and family are unchanged by modern technology and globalization.
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b.definitions of marriage vary across cultures and over time.
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The process of adoption: a.provides further evidence that kinship is constructed rather than biologically inherited. b.is not affected by norms and values or by political and economic values. c.has been made easier and more affordable by globalization. d.favors Latino, Native American, and African American babies. e.is not one of the methods by which kinship is constructed.
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a.provides further evidence that kinship is constructed rather than biologically inherited.
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According to Lawler, the notion of identity hinges on an apparent paradox that combines: a.age and youth d.nature and nurture b.male and female e.hot and cold essense c.sameness and difference
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c.sameness and difference
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No one can be said to have: a.multiple identities. d.binary identity. b.only one identity. e.changes to their identity. c.only two identities.
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a.multiple identities.
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Which of the following statements about anthropological fieldwork are true? a.Most practicing anthropologists do fieldwork throughout their lives. b.Anthropological fieldwork practices are the same across all four of the subdisciplines, making it easy for anthropologists to change subdisciplines often. c.Whatever the subdiscipline, anthropological fieldwork has a common theme in that it is studying what it is to be human. d.The reading suggests that it is rare to find an anthropologist who researches aspects of two subdisciplines together. e.There are both joys and sorrows in doing any kind of fieldwork.
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a.Most practicing anthropologists do fieldwork throughout their lives. c.Whatever the subdiscipline, anthropological fieldwork has a common theme in that it is studying what it is to be human. d.The reading suggests that it is rare to find an anthropologist who researches aspects of two subdisciplines together. e.There are both joys and sorrows in doing any kind of fieldwork.
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In cultural anthropology, fieldwork techniques would include: a.interviews. b.digging for artifacts left by previous residents. c.watching what people do. d.participating in the activities, both work and celebrations, of the people being studied. e.comparing DNA.
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a.interviews. c.watching what people do. d.participating in the activities, both work and celebrations, of the people being studied.
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Lawler argues that identities: a.must conform to social rules. b.must be negotiated collectively. c.are forged through connections. d.do not simply belong to the individual. e.are formed in infancy and never change.
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a.must conform to social rules. b.must be negotiated collectively. c.are forged through connections. d.do not simply belong to the individual.
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a.criteria b.example c.working definition ____1.used to clarify the meanings of our research ideas and concepts ____2.used to tell whether the people, places, processes, and characteristics we observe are or are not instances of the ideas and concepts we want to research.
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1-C 2-A
