psych 16 – Flashcard Test Answers

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an insight therapist.

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A psychotherapist who participates in complex verbal interactions with clients in order to enhance clients' understanding of themselves and their problems would be classified as

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6. Drug therapy is classified as ____ therapy; electroconvulsive shock therapy is classified as ____ therapy.

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a biomedical; a biomedical

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7. Approximately __________ percent of mental health patients are treated ONLY with medication?

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50

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The two MOST common problems among those who seek psychotherapy are

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anxiety and depression.

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_-____are more likely than ____ to receive psychotherapy.

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Divorced and separated people; married people

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emotion therapies

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is not a real thing

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John suffers from chronic anxiety.y. John believes that if he learns why he is so anxious he will be better able to cope. Based on John's beliefs, he is most likely to seek a therapist that emphasizes the ____ approach.

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insight therapy

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14. Therapists who emphasize the application of learning principles in treatment use the ____ approach to psychotherapy.

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behavior

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John believes that if he can learn to calm himself down when he finds himself in anxiety-producing situations (like taking a psychology exam) he will be better able to cope. Based on John's beliefs, he is most likely to seek a therapist that emphasizes the ____ approach.

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behavior therapy

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16. Therapists who emphasize altering an individual's physiological functioning in treatment use the ____ approach to psychotherapy.

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biomedical

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Which of the following academic degrees is NOT associated with being a psychologist

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M.D

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20. The theoretical difference between a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist is that

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the clinical psychologist specializes in the treatment of mental disorders; the counseling psychologist specializes in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems.

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21. Compared to psychologists, in their provision of therapy psychiatrists tend to

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emphasize biomedical treatments more.

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22. Which of the following disorders would be LEAST likely to be treated by psychiatrists?

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marital problems

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Clive is a clinical psychologist and his sister Grace is a psychiatrist. The main difference between these two professionals degree wise is?

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have a degree in psychology, while Grace would have a medical degree.

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24. Today psychoanalysis is MOST likely to be practiced by

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psychiatrists.

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25. Which of the following statements concerning psychiatrists is false?

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psychiatrists typically devote less of their time to relatively serious disorders than clinical psychologists

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26. Therapies that involve verbal interactions intended to enhance clients self-knowledge, and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior, are known as

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insight therapy

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28. What do psychoanalytic and client-centered therapies have in common?

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They both stress insight into the self.

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Mario recently started seeing a therapist. At the start of each session, Mario lies down and starts talking about anything that comes to mind. He often rambles, and he sometimes thinks that the things he describes seem trivial or silly, but his therapist encourages him to say whatever comes into his mind. This therapeutic technique is common among therapists who use

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a psychoanalytic approach in therapy.

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34. According to Freud, the events in dreams

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need to be analyzed by the therapist and interpreted for the client.

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35. Freud considered ____ to be the most direct way to access the patient's unconscious or the "royal road to the unconscious."

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dreams

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interpretation

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A therapist's attempt to explain the significance of a client's thoughts, feelings, and behavior

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39. All of the following are Freudian techniques to bring unconscious material to consciousness EXCEPT

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directed confrontation.

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43. A client in psychoanalysis has been arriving late for sessions, acting hostile toward the analyst, and making up dreams. This is MOST likely

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resistance.

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46. During psychoanalysis when a client begins to start relating to their therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives the patient is said to be engaging in

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transference.

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47. Transference in psychoanalytic therapy may reveal itself when the patient

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responds to the therapist as though he or she were the patient's parent.

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However, over the past two weeks he has shown increasing hostility, and he often yells and becomes threatening when his therapist offers her interpretations of the things that George says during therapy. According to Freud, George's behavior may be

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a sign of transference.

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55. Carl Rogers named his technique "client-centered therapy" to emphasize his belief that

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clients should play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy.

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59. According to Rogers, personal distress occurs when

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there is incongruence between a person's self-concept and reality.

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60. An important goal of client-centered therapy is to

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help clients realize they don't have to worry constantly about approval from others.

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62. Dr. Benz always tries to be honest with her clients and she never becomes defensive, even if the clients ridicule her feedback or her methods of therapy. According to Carl Rogers, Dr. Benz is displaying the quality of

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genuineness in dealing with her clients.

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66. In client-centered therapy the ____ is more important then the ____.

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climate; process

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67. In client-centered therapy, the therapist's key task is

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clarification.

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Client: "I've had a bad week. I'm really down." Therapist: "You've had some unpleasant experiences lately and are feeling quite depressed as a result." The therapist's statement in this interaction is intended to communicate

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empathy to the client.

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70. Goals of client-centered therapy include helping clients do all of the following EXCEPT

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resolve unconscious conflicts.

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73. Carl Rogers believed that psychological disorders are caused by

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inconsistency between one's self-concept and reality.

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76. Advocates of positive psychology maintain the field has focused too heavily on

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pathology, weakness, and suffering.

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77. Two forms of therapy developed within positive psychology are

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well-being therapy and positive psychotherapy.

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80. Preliminary research suggest positive psychotherapy can be effective in treatment for

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depression.

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83. The most important aspect of group therapy is that group members

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provide acceptance and emotional support.

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88. In which form of therapy are individuals most clearly viewed as part of an ecosystem that affects their behavior?

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family therapy

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89. With regard to psychological disorders, spontaneous remission refers to a

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recovery from a disorder that occurs without formal treatment.

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93. Behavior therapy requires that

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the client's vague complaints be translated into concrete behavioral goals.

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Dr. Stroetz believes that most psychological disorders can be successfully treated if clients' vague complaints are translated into concrete behavioral goals. Which psychologist does he like

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skinner

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95. According to behavior therapists, pathological behaviors

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can be modified directly, through the application of established principles of conditioning.

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96. Therapists who tend to see symptoms as the problem rather than as signs of more internal, underlying problems are

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behavior therapists.

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100. Joseph Wolpe launched behavior therapy in 1958 with his description of

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systematic desensitization.

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101. Systematic desensitization is a technique based on

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classical conditioning.

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105. When Cary was eight years old, she was startled and began to cry when a car backfired just as she was walking under a ladder. As an adult, Cary is still terrified of ladders. Based on principles of classical conditioning, the sound of the car backfiring

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acted as an unconditioned stimulus.

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106. The first step in the process of systematic desensitization is to

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build an anxiety hierarchy.

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107. The basic learning principle used in Wolpe's systematic desensitization is

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counterconditioning.

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108. In systematic desensitization, a new ____ response is substituted for the old ____ response.

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relaxation; fear

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109. The use of the anxiety hierarchy in systematic desensitization allows for the

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gradual approach to the feared object.

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110. The idea that you can't be profoundly relaxed and fearful at the same time is basic to

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systematic desensitization.

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111. The "behavior" that is incompatible with anxiety, and that systematic desensitization tries to recondition to phobic cues is

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deep muscle relaxation.

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113. Systematic desensitization involves

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training to relax when confronted with anxiety-arousing stimuli.

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116. Systematic desensitization is a therapy designed to

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reduce phobic responses.

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118. A therapist cures a man of his sexual attraction to children by pairing pictures of children with painful electric shocks. The procedure being used here is

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aversion therapy.

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The article suggested that every time a person looked at a tempting, but forbidden food, he or she should form a mental image of something disgusting. Bryant has been doing this for the past month and he finds desserts no longer have pleasant associations for him.

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aversion therapy

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Aversion therapy

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when someones like addicted to something so they associate it with a bad thing

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social skills training.

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121. A form of behavior therapy that emphasizes modeling, behavioral rehearsal and shaping and is designed to improve interpersonal skills is

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122. Aversion therapy is designed to remove unwanted

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pleasant associations using classical conditioning techniques.

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123. Giving an alcoholic an emetic drug so that each time she takes a drink she becomes nauseous and ill is a form of

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aversive conditioning.

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124. The basic learning principle(s) used in social skills training is

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operant conditioning and observational learning.

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125. Modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and shaping are the major tools of

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social skills training.

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130. Dr. Guralski believes that most psychological disorders are a result of negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs. Knowing this, you might expect that Dr. Guralski's bookshelves contain a large number of books written by

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Aaron Beck.

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132. The goal of cognitive therapy is to

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change the clients negative thought and maladaptive beliefs.

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133. Bryson was surprised by his first psychotherapy session. When the session was over the therapist gave Bryson a homework assignment. She asked Bryson to record any thoughts that came to his mind when he experienced a setback at home or in his job. In this case, it appears that Bryson is seeing a therapist who uses

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cognitive therapy.

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135. Cognitive therapy originally developed as a treatment approach to

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depression

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137. Which of the following statements best represents the approach of a cognitive therapist in treating a chronically anxious client?

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"Let's see if we can identify the irrational thoughts that are producing your anxiety."

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138. Dr. Varsho is a psychotherapist who often argues openly with her clients. She is very assertive, and tries to persuade her clients to alter their patterns of thinking. Dr. Varsho is

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a therapist who uses Beck's cognitive approach.

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139. Cognitive therapy borrows many techniques from

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behavior therapy.

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140. The use of varied combinations of verbal interventions and behavioral modification techniques to help clients change maladaptive patterns of thinking BEST describes

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cognitive-behavioral treatments.

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141. Cognitive therapy is designed to

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correct habitual thinking errors and maladaptive beliefs.

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143. Electroconvulsive therapy and drug therapy for psychological disorders are two types of

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biomedical

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145. Therapies that involve physiological intervention intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders are

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biomedical therapies.

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146. Valium and Xanax are

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benzodiazepines.

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152. The most commonly cited side effect associated with antianxiety drugs is

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drowsiness

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153. Gil has a psychological disorder, and his doctor has prescribed an antipsychotic drug to reduce the severity of Gil's symptoms. In this case, Gil's therapist is most likely treating him for

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schizophrenia.

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154. Eartha has been experiencing mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions. Her parents schedule an appointment with a therapist to find out if there is something she can take to reduce her symptoms. In this case, the doctor will MOST likely prescribe

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Thorazine.

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155. Jennifer's doctor has recently prescribed a drug that alters the activity in dopamine synapses. Her doctor is most likely treating Jennifer for symptoms of

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schizophrenia.

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156. About ____ of psychotic patients respond favorably to traditional antipsychotic medication.

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70 percent

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157. Antipsychotic drugs

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gradually reduce psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.

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160. The side effect associated with taking traditional antipsychotic drugs that is characterized by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements is

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tardive dyskinesia.

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161. In comparison to traditional antipsychotic drugs, atypical antipsychotic drugs are

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equally effective in treating schizophrenia and have fewer unpleasant side effects.

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163. Atypical antipsychotic drugs appear to increase patients' vulnerability to

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diabetes and cardiovascular problems.

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165. Which group of therapeutic drugs used to treat psychological disorders are commonly referred to as tranquilizers?

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antianxiety drugs

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167. Common side effects associated with antianxiety drugs include all of the following EXCEPT

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muscle tremors.

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169. Which of the following statements concerning antipsychotic drugs is false?

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they reduce symptoms in approximately 95% of patients

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170. A severe side effect associated with ____ drugs is ____, which is a neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and tic-like movements.

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antipsychotic; tardive dyskinesia

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171. Compared to traditional antipsychotic drugs, atypical antipsychotics

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have less risk for tardive dyskinesia.

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172. William has just been to a therapist who prescribed an antidepressant medication. William should expect to experience a noticeable reduction in his symptoms of depression

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gradually after 1-2 weeks of taking the prescribed amount of the drug.

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173. The most frequently prescribed class of medication in the United states is

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antidepressants.

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174. Kayla has a psychological disorder, and her doctor has prescribed an MAO inhibitor to reduce the severity of Kayla's symptoms. In this case, Kayla's therapist is MOST likely treating her for

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depression.

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Lancaster has been feeling worthless and unmotivated since he lost his job six months ago. What medicine should he take

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zoloft

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176. The newest antidepressant drugs such as Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft

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slow the reuptake process at serotonin synapses.

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177. Approximately ______ of patients' improvement from antidepressant medications occurs in the first two weeks after treatment begins.

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60 %

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Ariana's doctor has recently prescribed a drug that slows the reuptake process at serotonin synapses. Her doctor is most likely treating Ariana for symptoms of

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depression

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179. Lithium is a chemical used to treat

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bipolar mood disorders.

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181. The newest drug treatments for bipolar disorder use mood stabilizers such as

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valproate.

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182. In comparison to lithium, mood stabilizers such as valproate are

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equally effective in treating bipolar disorder and have fewer adverse effects.

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183. Tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are all

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antidepressant drugs.

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185. Results from a number of studies suggests an elevated risk of suicide is associated with the use of

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SSRIs.

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186. The therapeutic drugs used to control bipolar disorder are referred to as

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mood stabilizers.

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187. Which of the following is NOT a criticism of drug therapy?

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The therapy is typically expensive.

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189. Critics suggest that the negative effects of psychiatric drugs are not fully appreciated because the pharmaceutical industry has gained undue influence over

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research concerning psychiatric drugs.

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research concerning psychiatric drugs.

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involves the use of electric shock to produce a cortical seizure and convulsions.

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You are watching a television documentary that shows a patient who is undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). If this documentary is depicting psychotherapy in the late 1930s or early 1940s, you should conclude that

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the patient is being treated for schizophrenia.

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192. The risks of ECT

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may include both short- and long-term intellectual impairment.

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193. Today, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is MOST likely to be used as a treatment for patients with

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major depression who have not responded to antidepressant drugs.

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194. Which of the following statements concerning electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is false?

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objective evidence has shown that ECT causes structural damage to the brain

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195. Transcranial magnetic stimulation

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allows scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in specific areas of the brain.

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196. Deep brain stimulation

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involves surgically implanting an electrode in the brain.

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197. Neuroscientists are experimenting with transcranial magnetic stimulation mainly as a treatment for

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depression.

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she has depression f

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interpersonal psychotherapy with a tricyclic antidepressant.

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201. The practice of therapy that involves drawing ideas from two or more systems of therapy instead of committing to just one is known as

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an eclectic approach to therapy.

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208. Dissatisfaction with the system of public mental hospitals led to the

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community mental health movement of the 1960s.

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210. Which of the following was NOT a problem with state mental hospitals in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s?

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The hospitals were overstaffed.

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211. Deinstitutionalization means that

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whenever possible, the mentally ill should be treated at community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care.

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212. The transferring of treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities is referred to as

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deinstitutionalization.

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214. Which of the following has NOT been an outcome of deinstitutionalization?

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an increase in the average length of stay in state and county mental hospitals

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215. What percentage of psychiatric inpatient admissions are readmission of former patients?

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over 66 percent

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217. Many specific therapies have turned out to be irrelevant or counterproductive when used with different cultural groups. This finding illustrates that

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our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage.

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218. The different approaches to psychotherapy

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have developed due to tension between competing theories.

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184. SSRIs seem to be least effective for individual suffering from

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bipolar disorder.

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220. With regard to a therapist's sex,

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you should feel free to look for a therapist of one sex or the other if it is personally important to you.

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222. Psychotherapists who are ____ tend to be the most expensive.

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in private practice

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223. In terms of the relationship between therapists' professional background and therapeutic efficacy, researchers have found that

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there is no reliable connection between therapists' professional background and therapeutic efficacy.

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Martin Seligman asserts that panic disorders respond best to

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cognitive therapy.

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artin Seligman asserts that obsessive-compulsive disorder responds best to

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behavior therapy or medication.

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228. Regression toward the mean occurs when

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people who originally score extremely high or low on some trait are measured a second time, and their new score falls closer to the average.

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231. Researchers can try to control for regression toward the mean and placebo effects through the use of

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control groups, random assignment, and statistical adjustment.

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234. A classical conditioning-based behavior therapy designed to treat an individual suffering from a spider phobia is ____, while a classical conditioning-based behavior therapy designed to treat alcohol abuse is ____.

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systematic desensitization; aversion therapy

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235. The techniques of modeling and behavioral rehearsal are employed in both

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social skills training and cognitive therapy.

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237. Freud is to unconscious conflicts as Rogers is to

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incongruence.

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238. Cognitive therapy is to negative thinking as drug therapy is to

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abnormal neurotransmitter activity.

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239. Of the following, which is NOT a closely related pair of terms?

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biomedical therapy and aversion therapy

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240. Which of the following shows the MOST appropriate matching of therapy to psychological problem?

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cognitive therapy for panic disorder

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243. Which therapists are likely to play the least active (most subtle) role in conducting therapy?

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group therapists

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244. What percentage of patients show a meaningful recovery within about 20 sessions of insight therapies?

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50

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245. Which of the following therapies is most likely to see the symptom as the problem?

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behavior therapy

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247. The trend toward deinstitutionalization mainly came about because large mental institutions

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were actually worsening the condition of many patients

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249. Two major and unanticipated problems that occurred as a result of deinstitutionalization involve

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a revolving door population of patients and the homeless mentally ill.

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250. Which of the following statements concerning homeless individuals is true?

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approximately 1/3 of the homeless suffer from a severe mental illness

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