psych 16 – Flashcard Test Answers
145 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 145question
_-____are more likely than ____ to receive psychotherapy.
answer
Divorced and separated people; married people
Unlock the answer
question
emotion therapies
answer
is not a real thing
Unlock the answer
question
John suffers from chronic anxiety.y. John believes that if he learns why he is so anxious he will be better able to cope. Based on John's beliefs, he is most likely to seek a therapist that emphasizes the ____ approach.
answer
insight therapy
Unlock the answer
question
14. Therapists who emphasize the application of learning principles in treatment use the ____ approach to psychotherapy.
answer
behavior
Unlock the answer
question
John believes that if he can learn to calm himself down when he finds himself in anxiety-producing situations (like taking a psychology exam) he will be better able to cope. Based on John's beliefs, he is most likely to seek a therapist that emphasizes the ____ approach.
answer
behavior therapy
Unlock the answer
question
16. Therapists who emphasize altering an individual's physiological functioning in treatment use the ____ approach to psychotherapy.
answer
biomedical
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following academic degrees is NOT associated with being a psychologist
answer
M.D
Unlock the answer
question
20. The theoretical difference between a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist is that
answer
the clinical psychologist specializes in the treatment of mental disorders; the counseling psychologist specializes in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems.
Unlock the answer
question
21. Compared to psychologists, in their provision of therapy psychiatrists tend to
answer
emphasize biomedical treatments more.
Unlock the answer
question
22. Which of the following disorders would be LEAST likely to be treated by psychiatrists?
answer
marital problems
Unlock the answer
question
Clive is a clinical psychologist and his sister Grace is a psychiatrist. The main difference between these two professionals degree wise is?
answer
have a degree in psychology, while Grace would have a medical degree.
Unlock the answer
question
24. Today psychoanalysis is MOST likely to be practiced by
answer
psychiatrists.
Unlock the answer
question
25. Which of the following statements concerning psychiatrists is false?
answer
psychiatrists typically devote less of their time to relatively serious disorders than clinical psychologists
Unlock the answer
question
26. Therapies that involve verbal interactions intended to enhance clients self-knowledge, and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior, are known as
answer
insight therapy
Unlock the answer
question
28. What do psychoanalytic and client-centered therapies have in common?
answer
They both stress insight into the self.
Unlock the answer
question
Mario recently started seeing a therapist. At the start of each session, Mario lies down and starts talking about anything that comes to mind. He often rambles, and he sometimes thinks that the things he describes seem trivial or silly, but his therapist encourages him to say whatever comes into his mind. This therapeutic technique is common among therapists who use
answer
a psychoanalytic approach in therapy.
Unlock the answer
question
34. According to Freud, the events in dreams
answer
need to be analyzed by the therapist and interpreted for the client.
Unlock the answer
question
35. Freud considered ____ to be the most direct way to access the patient's unconscious or the "royal road to the unconscious."
answer
dreams
Unlock the answer
question
interpretation
answer
A therapist's attempt to explain the significance of a client's thoughts, feelings, and behavior
Unlock the answer
question
39. All of the following are Freudian techniques to bring unconscious material to consciousness EXCEPT
answer
directed confrontation.
Unlock the answer
question
43. A client in psychoanalysis has been arriving late for sessions, acting hostile toward the analyst, and making up dreams. This is MOST likely
answer
resistance.
Unlock the answer
question
46. During psychoanalysis when a client begins to start relating to their therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives the patient is said to be engaging in
answer
transference.
Unlock the answer
question
47. Transference in psychoanalytic therapy may reveal itself when the patient
answer
responds to the therapist as though he or she were the patient's parent.
Unlock the answer
question
However, over the past two weeks he has shown increasing hostility, and he often yells and becomes threatening when his therapist offers her interpretations of the things that George says during therapy. According to Freud, George's behavior may be
answer
a sign of transference.
Unlock the answer
question
55. Carl Rogers named his technique "client-centered therapy" to emphasize his belief that
answer
clients should play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy.
Unlock the answer
question
59. According to Rogers, personal distress occurs when
answer
there is incongruence between a person's self-concept and reality.
Unlock the answer
question
60. An important goal of client-centered therapy is to
answer
help clients realize they don't have to worry constantly about approval from others.
Unlock the answer
question
62. Dr. Benz always tries to be honest with her clients and she never becomes defensive, even if the clients ridicule her feedback or her methods of therapy. According to Carl Rogers, Dr. Benz is displaying the quality of
answer
genuineness in dealing with her clients.
Unlock the answer
question
66. In client-centered therapy the ____ is more important then the ____.
answer
climate; process
Unlock the answer
question
67. In client-centered therapy, the therapist's key task is
answer
clarification.
Unlock the answer
question
Client: "I've had a bad week. I'm really down." Therapist: "You've had some unpleasant experiences lately and are feeling quite depressed as a result." The therapist's statement in this interaction is intended to communicate
answer
empathy to the client.
Unlock the answer
question
70. Goals of client-centered therapy include helping clients do all of the following EXCEPT
answer
resolve unconscious conflicts.
Unlock the answer
question
73. Carl Rogers believed that psychological disorders are caused by
answer
inconsistency between one's self-concept and reality.
Unlock the answer
question
76. Advocates of positive psychology maintain the field has focused too heavily on
answer
pathology, weakness, and suffering.
Unlock the answer
question
77. Two forms of therapy developed within positive psychology are
answer
well-being therapy and positive psychotherapy.
Unlock the answer
question
80. Preliminary research suggest positive psychotherapy can be effective in treatment for
answer
depression.
Unlock the answer
question
83. The most important aspect of group therapy is that group members
answer
provide acceptance and emotional support.
Unlock the answer
question
88. In which form of therapy are individuals most clearly viewed as part of an ecosystem that affects their behavior?
answer
family therapy
Unlock the answer
question
89. With regard to psychological disorders, spontaneous remission refers to a
answer
recovery from a disorder that occurs without formal treatment.
Unlock the answer
question
93. Behavior therapy requires that
answer
the client's vague complaints be translated into concrete behavioral goals.
Unlock the answer
question
Dr. Stroetz believes that most psychological disorders can be successfully treated if clients' vague complaints are translated into concrete behavioral goals. Which psychologist does he like
answer
skinner
Unlock the answer
question
95. According to behavior therapists, pathological behaviors
answer
can be modified directly, through the application of established principles of conditioning.
Unlock the answer
question
96. Therapists who tend to see symptoms as the problem rather than as signs of more internal, underlying problems are
answer
behavior therapists.
Unlock the answer
question
100. Joseph Wolpe launched behavior therapy in 1958 with his description of
answer
systematic desensitization.
Unlock the answer
question
101. Systematic desensitization is a technique based on
answer
classical conditioning.
Unlock the answer
question
105. When Cary was eight years old, she was startled and began to cry when a car backfired just as she was walking under a ladder. As an adult, Cary is still terrified of ladders. Based on principles of classical conditioning, the sound of the car backfiring
answer
acted as an unconditioned stimulus.
Unlock the answer
question
106. The first step in the process of systematic desensitization is to
answer
build an anxiety hierarchy.
Unlock the answer
question
107. The basic learning principle used in Wolpe's systematic desensitization is
answer
counterconditioning.
Unlock the answer
question
108. In systematic desensitization, a new ____ response is substituted for the old ____ response.
answer
relaxation; fear
Unlock the answer
question
109. The use of the anxiety hierarchy in systematic desensitization allows for the
answer
gradual approach to the feared object.
Unlock the answer
question
110. The idea that you can't be profoundly relaxed and fearful at the same time is basic to
answer
systematic desensitization.
Unlock the answer
question
111. The "behavior" that is incompatible with anxiety, and that systematic desensitization tries to recondition to phobic cues is
answer
deep muscle relaxation.
Unlock the answer
question
113. Systematic desensitization involves
answer
training to relax when confronted with anxiety-arousing stimuli.
Unlock the answer
question
116. Systematic desensitization is a therapy designed to
answer
reduce phobic responses.
Unlock the answer
question
118. A therapist cures a man of his sexual attraction to children by pairing pictures of children with painful electric shocks. The procedure being used here is
answer
aversion therapy.
Unlock the answer
question
The article suggested that every time a person looked at a tempting, but forbidden food, he or she should form a mental image of something disgusting. Bryant has been doing this for the past month and he finds desserts no longer have pleasant associations for him.
answer
aversion therapy
Unlock the answer
question
Aversion therapy
answer
when someones like addicted to something so they associate it with a bad thing
Unlock the answer
question
social skills training.
answer
121. A form of behavior therapy that emphasizes modeling, behavioral rehearsal and shaping and is designed to improve interpersonal skills is
Unlock the answer
question
122. Aversion therapy is designed to remove unwanted
answer
pleasant associations using classical conditioning techniques.
Unlock the answer
question
123. Giving an alcoholic an emetic drug so that each time she takes a drink she becomes nauseous and ill is a form of
answer
aversive conditioning.
Unlock the answer
question
124. The basic learning principle(s) used in social skills training is
answer
operant conditioning and observational learning.
Unlock the answer
question
125. Modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and shaping are the major tools of
answer
social skills training.
Unlock the answer
question
130. Dr. Guralski believes that most psychological disorders are a result of negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs. Knowing this, you might expect that Dr. Guralski's bookshelves contain a large number of books written by
answer
Aaron Beck.
Unlock the answer
question
132. The goal of cognitive therapy is to
answer
change the clients negative thought and maladaptive beliefs.
Unlock the answer
question
133. Bryson was surprised by his first psychotherapy session. When the session was over the therapist gave Bryson a homework assignment. She asked Bryson to record any thoughts that came to his mind when he experienced a setback at home or in his job. In this case, it appears that Bryson is seeing a therapist who uses
answer
cognitive therapy.
Unlock the answer
question
135. Cognitive therapy originally developed as a treatment approach to
answer
depression
Unlock the answer
question
137. Which of the following statements best represents the approach of a cognitive therapist in treating a chronically anxious client?
answer
"Let's see if we can identify the irrational thoughts that are producing your anxiety."
Unlock the answer
question
138. Dr. Varsho is a psychotherapist who often argues openly with her clients. She is very assertive, and tries to persuade her clients to alter their patterns of thinking. Dr. Varsho is
answer
a therapist who uses Beck's cognitive approach.
Unlock the answer
question
139. Cognitive therapy borrows many techniques from
answer
behavior therapy.
Unlock the answer
question
140. The use of varied combinations of verbal interventions and behavioral modification techniques to help clients change maladaptive patterns of thinking BEST describes
answer
cognitive-behavioral treatments.
Unlock the answer
question
141. Cognitive therapy is designed to
answer
correct habitual thinking errors and maladaptive beliefs.
Unlock the answer
question
143. Electroconvulsive therapy and drug therapy for psychological disorders are two types of
answer
biomedical
Unlock the answer
question
145. Therapies that involve physiological intervention intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders are
answer
biomedical therapies.
Unlock the answer
question
146. Valium and Xanax are
answer
benzodiazepines.
Unlock the answer
question
152. The most commonly cited side effect associated with antianxiety drugs is
answer
drowsiness
Unlock the answer
question
153. Gil has a psychological disorder, and his doctor has prescribed an antipsychotic drug to reduce the severity of Gil's symptoms. In this case, Gil's therapist is most likely treating him for
answer
schizophrenia.
Unlock the answer
question
154. Eartha has been experiencing mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions. Her parents schedule an appointment with a therapist to find out if there is something she can take to reduce her symptoms. In this case, the doctor will MOST likely prescribe
answer
Thorazine.
Unlock the answer
question
155. Jennifer's doctor has recently prescribed a drug that alters the activity in dopamine synapses. Her doctor is most likely treating Jennifer for symptoms of
answer
schizophrenia.
Unlock the answer
question
156. About ____ of psychotic patients respond favorably to traditional antipsychotic medication.
answer
70 percent
Unlock the answer
question
157. Antipsychotic drugs
answer
gradually reduce psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.
Unlock the answer
question
160. The side effect associated with taking traditional antipsychotic drugs that is characterized by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements is
answer
tardive dyskinesia.
Unlock the answer
question
161. In comparison to traditional antipsychotic drugs, atypical antipsychotic drugs are
answer
equally effective in treating schizophrenia and have fewer unpleasant side effects.
Unlock the answer
question
163. Atypical antipsychotic drugs appear to increase patients' vulnerability to
answer
diabetes and cardiovascular problems.
Unlock the answer
question
165. Which group of therapeutic drugs used to treat psychological disorders are commonly referred to as tranquilizers?
answer
antianxiety drugs
Unlock the answer
question
167. Common side effects associated with antianxiety drugs include all of the following EXCEPT
answer
muscle tremors.
Unlock the answer
question
169. Which of the following statements concerning antipsychotic drugs is false?
answer
they reduce symptoms in approximately 95% of patients
Unlock the answer
question
170. A severe side effect associated with ____ drugs is ____, which is a neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and tic-like movements.
answer
antipsychotic; tardive dyskinesia
Unlock the answer
question
171. Compared to traditional antipsychotic drugs, atypical antipsychotics
answer
have less risk for tardive dyskinesia.
Unlock the answer
question
172. William has just been to a therapist who prescribed an antidepressant medication. William should expect to experience a noticeable reduction in his symptoms of depression
answer
gradually after 1-2 weeks of taking the prescribed amount of the drug.
Unlock the answer
question
173. The most frequently prescribed class of medication in the United states is
answer
antidepressants.
Unlock the answer
question
174. Kayla has a psychological disorder, and her doctor has prescribed an MAO inhibitor to reduce the severity of Kayla's symptoms. In this case, Kayla's therapist is MOST likely treating her for
answer
depression.
Unlock the answer
question
Lancaster has been feeling worthless and unmotivated since he lost his job six months ago. What medicine should he take
answer
zoloft
Unlock the answer
question
176. The newest antidepressant drugs such as Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft
answer
slow the reuptake process at serotonin synapses.
Unlock the answer
question
177. Approximately ______ of patients' improvement from antidepressant medications occurs in the first two weeks after treatment begins.
answer
60 %
Unlock the answer
question
Ariana's doctor has recently prescribed a drug that slows the reuptake process at serotonin synapses. Her doctor is most likely treating Ariana for symptoms of
answer
depression
Unlock the answer
question
179. Lithium is a chemical used to treat
answer
bipolar mood disorders.
Unlock the answer
question
181. The newest drug treatments for bipolar disorder use mood stabilizers such as
answer
valproate.
Unlock the answer
question
182. In comparison to lithium, mood stabilizers such as valproate are
answer
equally effective in treating bipolar disorder and have fewer adverse effects.
Unlock the answer
question
183. Tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are all
answer
antidepressant drugs.
Unlock the answer
question
185. Results from a number of studies suggests an elevated risk of suicide is associated with the use of
answer
SSRIs.
Unlock the answer
question
186. The therapeutic drugs used to control bipolar disorder are referred to as
answer
mood stabilizers.
Unlock the answer
question
187. Which of the following is NOT a criticism of drug therapy?
answer
The therapy is typically expensive.
Unlock the answer
question
189. Critics suggest that the negative effects of psychiatric drugs are not fully appreciated because the pharmaceutical industry has gained undue influence over
answer
research concerning psychiatric drugs.
Unlock the answer
question
research concerning psychiatric drugs.
answer
involves the use of electric shock to produce a cortical seizure and convulsions.
Unlock the answer
question
You are watching a television documentary that shows a patient who is undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). If this documentary is depicting psychotherapy in the late 1930s or early 1940s, you should conclude that
answer
the patient is being treated for schizophrenia.
Unlock the answer
question
192. The risks of ECT
answer
may include both short- and long-term intellectual impairment.
Unlock the answer
question
193. Today, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is MOST likely to be used as a treatment for patients with
answer
major depression who have not responded to antidepressant drugs.
Unlock the answer
question
194. Which of the following statements concerning electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is false?
answer
objective evidence has shown that ECT causes structural damage to the brain
Unlock the answer
question
195. Transcranial magnetic stimulation
answer
allows scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in specific areas of the brain.
Unlock the answer
question
196. Deep brain stimulation
answer
involves surgically implanting an electrode in the brain.
Unlock the answer
question
197. Neuroscientists are experimenting with transcranial magnetic stimulation mainly as a treatment for
answer
depression.
Unlock the answer
question
she has depression f
answer
interpersonal psychotherapy with a tricyclic antidepressant.
Unlock the answer
question
201. The practice of therapy that involves drawing ideas from two or more systems of therapy instead of committing to just one is known as
answer
an eclectic approach to therapy.
Unlock the answer
question
208. Dissatisfaction with the system of public mental hospitals led to the
answer
community mental health movement of the 1960s.
Unlock the answer
question
210. Which of the following was NOT a problem with state mental hospitals in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s?
answer
The hospitals were overstaffed.
Unlock the answer
question
211. Deinstitutionalization means that
answer
whenever possible, the mentally ill should be treated at community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care.
Unlock the answer
question
212. The transferring of treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities is referred to as
answer
deinstitutionalization.
Unlock the answer
question
214. Which of the following has NOT been an outcome of deinstitutionalization?
answer
an increase in the average length of stay in state and county mental hospitals
Unlock the answer
question
215. What percentage of psychiatric inpatient admissions are readmission of former patients?
answer
over 66 percent
Unlock the answer
question
217. Many specific therapies have turned out to be irrelevant or counterproductive when used with different cultural groups. This finding illustrates that
answer
our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage.
Unlock the answer
question
218. The different approaches to psychotherapy
answer
have developed due to tension between competing theories.
Unlock the answer
question
184. SSRIs seem to be least effective for individual suffering from
answer
bipolar disorder.
Unlock the answer
question
220. With regard to a therapist's sex,
answer
you should feel free to look for a therapist of one sex or the other if it is personally important to you.
Unlock the answer
question
222. Psychotherapists who are ____ tend to be the most expensive.
answer
in private practice
Unlock the answer
question
223. In terms of the relationship between therapists' professional background and therapeutic efficacy, researchers have found that
answer
there is no reliable connection between therapists' professional background and therapeutic efficacy.
Unlock the answer
question
Martin Seligman asserts that panic disorders respond best to
answer
cognitive therapy.
Unlock the answer
question
artin Seligman asserts that obsessive-compulsive disorder responds best to
answer
behavior therapy or medication.
Unlock the answer
question
228. Regression toward the mean occurs when
answer
people who originally score extremely high or low on some trait are measured a second time, and their new score falls closer to the average.
Unlock the answer
question
231. Researchers can try to control for regression toward the mean and placebo effects through the use of
answer
control groups, random assignment, and statistical adjustment.
Unlock the answer
question
234. A classical conditioning-based behavior therapy designed to treat an individual suffering from a spider phobia is ____, while a classical conditioning-based behavior therapy designed to treat alcohol abuse is ____.
answer
systematic desensitization; aversion therapy
Unlock the answer
question
235. The techniques of modeling and behavioral rehearsal are employed in both
answer
social skills training and cognitive therapy.
Unlock the answer
question
237. Freud is to unconscious conflicts as Rogers is to
answer
incongruence.
Unlock the answer
question
238. Cognitive therapy is to negative thinking as drug therapy is to
answer
abnormal neurotransmitter activity.
Unlock the answer
question
239. Of the following, which is NOT a closely related pair of terms?
answer
biomedical therapy and aversion therapy
Unlock the answer
question
240. Which of the following shows the MOST appropriate matching of therapy to psychological problem?
answer
cognitive therapy for panic disorder
Unlock the answer
question
243. Which therapists are likely to play the least active (most subtle) role in conducting therapy?
answer
group therapists
Unlock the answer
question
244. What percentage of patients show a meaningful recovery within about 20 sessions of insight therapies?
answer
50
Unlock the answer
question
245. Which of the following therapies is most likely to see the symptom as the problem?
answer
behavior therapy
Unlock the answer
question
247. The trend toward deinstitutionalization mainly came about because large mental institutions
answer
were actually worsening the condition of many patients
Unlock the answer
question
249. Two major and unanticipated problems that occurred as a result of deinstitutionalization involve
answer
a revolving door population of patients and the homeless mentally ill.
Unlock the answer
question
250. Which of the following statements concerning homeless individuals is true?
answer
approximately 1/3 of the homeless suffer from a severe mental illness
Unlock the answer
