question

The cerebral cortex consists of the

answer

frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes

question

Three structures associated with the brain stem are the _____.

answer

pons, medulla, and the midbrain

question

This part of the brain is responsible for survival functions such as heart beat and respiration.

answer

brain stem

question

A main function of the medulla is to _____.

answer

control automatic bodily functions such as respiration and heart rate

question

The hypothalamus, limbic system and cerebral cortex are all part of the ______

answer

forebrain

question

Three structures included in the hindbrain are the:

answer

medulla, pons, and cerebellum

question

This structure at the top of the brain stem is involved in respiration, movement, waking, REM sleep, and dreaming.

answer

pons

question

This structure at the base of the brain behind the brain stem is responsible for maintaining smooth movements, balance, and some aspects of perception and cognition.

answer

cerebellum

question

The next time you see someone at a party who is having trouble walking properly, you might say, "He has had too much to drink, and it went right to his _____."

answer

cerebellum

question

The _____ is located near the top of the brainstem and is involved in coordinating eye and body movement, sleep, and arousal.

answer

midbrain

question

While reading your newspaper in the morning, you notice a crash in the street outside. The part of your brain that refocuses your attention from the paper to the crash is the _____.

answer

reticular formation

question

The largest and most prominent part of the human brain is the _____.

answer

forebrain

question

What is the major sensory relay area for the brain?

answer

thalamus

question

Injury to the thalamus can cause all except which of the following?

answer

loss of smell

question

Many symptoms of schizophrenia, like hearing voices, misunderstanding social cues, and misinterpreting sensory information could be due to abnormalities in the _____.

answer

thalamus

question

This is a small structure that maintains homeostasis and regulates emotions and drives such as hunger, thirst, sex, and aggression.

answer

hypothalamus

question

The hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and hypothalamus are all parts of the _____.

answer

limbic system

question

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes make up the _____.

answer

cerebral cortex

question

In total, due to the cerebral hemispheres. We have _____ lobes in our brain.

answer

8

question

Motor control, speech production, thinking, personality, emotion, and memory are all governed by your _____.

answer

frontal lobe

question

The case of Phineas Gage suggests that the _____ lobes regulate our personality and are largely responsible for much of what makes us uniquely human.

answer

frontal

question

The _____ lobes are involved with hearing, language comprehension, memory, and some emotional control

answer

temporal

question

_____ area is found in the temporal lobe, and is involved with language comprehension.

answer

Wernicke's

question

Vision and visual perception occur in the _____ lobes.

answer

occipital

question

This is the name of the bundle of nerve fibers that carries information between the brain's right and left hemispheres.

answer

corpus callosum

question

Your left brain doesn't know what your right brain is doing. It is MOST likely that your _____ has severed.

answer

corpus callosum

question

The right hemisphere of the brain is specialized for _____ in most adults. A. musical abilities B. spatial abilities C. recognizing facts D. all of these options

answer

D. all of these options

question

Both concussion and contusion are types of _______.

answer

traumatic brain injuries

question

The evolutionary/circadian theory of sleep says that sleep conserves energy and protects us from _____.

answer

predators

question

REM sleep is also called _____ because the brain is aroused and active while the person remains nonresponsive and asleep.

answer

paradoxical sleep

question

Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of sleep stages? A) non-REM → Stages 1-2-3-4 - REM B) hypnogogic → Stages 1-2-3-4 - REM - Stages 4-3-2-1 C) hypnogogic → Stages 1-2-3-4-3-2 - REM D) non-REM → Stages 1-2-3-4-3-2 - REM

answer

C) hypnogogic → Stages 1-2-3-4-3-2 - REM

question

The _____ state occurs at the beginning of sleep when you may experience visual, auditory, and kinesthetic sensations.

answer

hypnogogic

question

Darius is sleeping right through the sounds of fire engine and police car sirens right outside his window. It is MOST likely that Darius is _____.

answer

in Stage 4 sleep

question

Just before sleep, brain waves move from _____ waves, indicating normal wakefulness, to _____ waves associated with drowsy relaxation.

answer

beta; alpha

question

A mental state other than an ordinary waking state, in which there are distinct changes in perception, emotion, memory, thinking, etc. is called alternate _____.

answer

states of consciousness

question

As you read this text, you will likely do best if you _____.

answer

employ controlled processing

question

Scientists study sleep in sleep labs using _____.

answer

EEG recordings

question

Mental activities that require minimal attention are called _____ processes.

answer

automatic

question

You are in a sleep lab and have just been hooked up to an EEG, an EMG (for muscle activity), and an EOG (for eye movements). This means the sleep researcher is interested in your _____.

answer

brain waves, facial muscle movements, and eye movements

question

Our awareness of our environments and ourselves.

answer

Consciousness

question

Which of the following is a circadian rhythm?

answer

the sleep-wake cycle

question

Armand is daydreaming, Adele is dreaming while asleep. Both Armand and Adele are in _______states of consciousness.

answer

alternate

question

In mid-sentence, your friend suddenly slumps over on the couch and appears to have entered the REM-stage of sleep. What does he probably suffer from?

answer

narcolepsy

question

Consciousness exists on a _____.

answer

continuum

question

Melatonin influences _____.

answer

sleep

question

How many cycles of distinct sleep stages do we typically experience during a normal night's sleep?

answer

4-5

question

The idea that dreams are the by-product of random stimulation of brain cells, and that the brain attempts to combine this spontaneous activity into coherent patterns, is known as the _____ hypothesis of dreaming.

answer

activation-synthesis

question

Sleepwalking is MOST likely to occur in _____.

answer

NREM sleep

question

This is NOT a kind of parasomnia.

answer

sleep apnea

question

Consuela persistently has difficulty falling or staying asleep. It is not because of noise or stress. What does she probably suffer from?

answer

insomnia.

question

Irvings's doctor prescribed Valium to help him cope with job-related anxiety. He found a less stressful job, and is anxiety-free. However, Irving keeps taking Valium because he likes its effects. He hasn't had to increase the dosage, and he did not have withdrawal symptoms when he forgot to take his pills. It is MOST likely that Irving is _________________ on Valium.

answer

psychologically dependent

question

the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it

answer

stress

question

an environmental trigger that prompts a stressful reaction

answer

stressor

question

In your text, the physical and mental arousal to situations that we perceive as threatening or challenging is called _____.

answer

stress

question

You have a minor car accident after which you experience sweaty palms, rapid breathing, and a racing heart. In this situation, the accident is the stressor, and _____ is the stress.

answer

your physical reaction

question

According to Selye, pleasant, desirable stress is called _____.

answer

Eustress

question

According to Selye, distress is _____.

answer

unpleasant

question

The end result of a total absence of stress is _____.

answer

death

question

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale constructed by Holmes and Rahe measures the stress in a person's life on the basis of _____.

answer

life changes

question

Poor working conditions or a bad marriage are classified in your text as:

answer

chronic stressors

question

_____ is one of the largest sources of chronic stress for adults.

answer

work

question

When one is forced to choose between two or more different and incompatible functions, one is experiencing ______.

answer

role conflict

question

Small problems of daily living that accumulate and sometimes become a major source of stress are called _____.

answer

hassles

question

_____ is an unpleasant state of tension, anxiety, and heightened sympathetic activity that results from a blocked goal.

answer

frustration

question

A negative emotional state caused by having to choose between two or more incompatible goals or impulses is called _____.

answer

conflict

question

In an approach-approach conflict, a person must choose between two or more goals that will lead to _____.

answer

a desirable result

question

In an avoidance-avoidance conflict, a person must choose between two or more goals that will lead to _____.

answer

an undesirable result

question

The most difficult conflict to resolve is usually the _____ conflict.

answer

avoidance-avoidance

question

The body's immediate fight-or-flight response is facilitated by the _______ system(s).

answer

SAM

question

According to your text, the chemical that saves to feedback information to the brain about the body's response to stress is _______.

answer

cortisol

question

The fight or flight response is triggered by the _____ nervous system.

answer

sympathetic

question

The release of cortisol during the fight or flight response occurs at the end of the _____ pathway.

answer

Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Adrenal cortex

question

A physiological alarm reaction, followed by resistance, and ending with exhaustion is known as _____.

answer

the general adaptation syndrome

question

The field that studies the effects of psychological factors on the immune system.

answer

Psychoimmunology

question

After exposure to a severe and prolonged stressor, illness and death may occur in the _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

answer

exhaustion

question

According to your text, most people do NOT have cancer because _____ keeps cancer cells in check.

answer

the immune system

question

The General Adaptation Syndrome indicates that we experience a biological reaction to stress, which occurs in three phases. The first phase is our initial response to a stressor. In the second phase we expend considerable energy to adapt to the stressor. And lastly, if the stressor is prolonged, it will likely result in us feeling depleted of energy, and increase our risk of becoming susceptible to serious illnesses. Identify below the correct order of the three phases:

answer

alarm reaction; resistance; exhaustion

question

The interdisciplinary field that studies how biological processes relate to behavioral and mental processes is called ____.

answer

neuroscience

question

A collection of glands found throughout the body that manufacture and secrete hormones into the bloodstream in order to effect behavioral change or maintain normal bodily functions is called the____________________

answer

endocrine system

question

A cell of the nervous system responsible for receiving and transmitting electrochemical information.

answer

a neuron

question

The basic units of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that process, store, and transmit information are the _____.

answer

neurons

question

The cells that provide structural, nutritional, and other support for neurons are called _____ cells.

answer

glial

question

The branching neuron structures that receive neural impulses from other neurons and convey them toward the cell body are called _____.

answer

dendrites

question

The branches of the neuron that receive neural impulses from other neurons are called _____, and the tube-like structure that conveys impulses toward other neurons is called the _____.

answer

dendrites; axon

question

An impulse travels through the structures of the neuron in the following order:

answer

endrites, cell body, axon

question

The long tube-like structure that conveys impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons, muscles, or glands is called a(n) _____.

answer

axon

question

The _____ is another name for the cell body.

answer

soma

question

Fatty insulation wrapped around some axons that increases the rate at which impulse travel along the axon

answer

myelin sheath

question

Rosa has multiple sclerosis, a degenerative disorder that causes myelin to disintegrate. What effect is this going to have on Rosa's nerve impulses?

answer

They will slow down.

question

Lynn has a disease that makes her muscle coordination difficult. It's caused by progressive deterioration of the myelin sheath. It's called ______

answer

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

question

nerve cell responsible for transmitting information to and from the brain and spinal cord

answer

neuron

question

The tips of the branches of the axon are called _____.

answer

terminal buttons

question

Neurotransmitters are __________.

answer

released from the terminal button of a cell

question

This neurotransmitter affects sleep, appetite, and emotional states, among other behaviors.

answer

serotonin

question

Certain forms of depression are related to lowered levels of _____.

answer

serotonin

question

This neurotransmitter is suspected of playing a role in Alzheimer's disease.

answer

acetylcholine

question

A chemical substance in the nervous system that is involved in pain control, pleasure, and memory is _____.

answer

endorphins

question

When an axon is not stimulated it is in a polarized state called _____.

answer

the resting potential

question

In your textbook, the process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information is called _____.

answer

critical thinking

question

You decide you want to work in the mental health field. Which careers will allow you to prescribe medication to psychiatric patients?

answer

psychiatrist

question

Lloyd is fascinated by interpersonal behavior, especially prejudice and other attitudes. It is likely that Lloyd is a(n) ___________ psychologist.

answer

social

question

The father of psyschology is:

answer

Wilhelm Wundt

question

The psychoanalytic/psychodynamic perspective is associated with _____.

answer

Freud

question

Psychotherapy or 'talk therapy" was developed by whom?

answer

Sigmund Freud

question

The psychological perspective that emphasizes objective, observable environmental influences of overt behavior is called the __________________________.

answer

behavioral perspective

question

Dr. Watson, from the _____ school of psychology, focused on objective, observable behavior rather than on the unconscious

answer

behaviorism

question

The psychological perspective that emerged in the 1950s that stressed free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking was the __________ perspective.

answer

humanistic

question

The idea that depression is influenced by genetics and neurotransmitters, learned responses and thinking patterns, and socioeconomic status and culture represents the _____ model of psychology.

answer

biopsychosocial

question

Which of the following terms do NOT belong together? A) structuralism: observable behavior B) behaviorism: stimulus-response C) psychoanalytic: unconscious conflict D) cognitive: thought

answer

structuralism: observable behavior

question

The term basic research is BEST defined as research that _____.

answer

advances scientific knowledge

question

The first step in the scientific method is:

answer

reviewing the literature of existing theories

question

Salary and years of education are ____________ correlated.

answer

positively

question

If researchers gave participants varying amounts of a new "memory" drug and then gave them a story to read and measured their scores on a quiz, the exposure to the drug would be the independent variable (IV), and the __________would be the dependent variable (DV).

answer

quiz scores

question

Grade point average and the number of hours of television watched per day are ______________ correlated.

answer

negatively

question

Field of psychology that focuses on mental processes such as thinking, perception, and information processing__________________

answer

cognitive pyschology

question

The psychological perspective that studies how we gather, encode, and store information is the ________ perspective.

answer

cognitive

question

Area of psychology that expanded the scope of psychology to consider such topics as emotion and observable behavior.

answer

Functionalism

question

The field of psychology that made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it established a model for the scientific study of mental processes is called ________________.

answer

Structuralism

question

The psychological school of thought called structuralism is associated with Wundt & Titchene and engages in the method of studying experience called _____.

answer

introspection

question

According to your textbook, the goals of psychology are to _____.

answer

describe, explain, predict, and change behavior

question

In your text, psychology is defined as the _____.

answer

scientific study of behavior and mental processes

PSY 2012 – Chapter 1,2,3, & 5 Quizzes – Flashcards

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