Philosophy chapter 1 homework – Flashcards
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Chapter 1 Exercises 1-1; all
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1. What is an argument?
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An argument consist of 2 concepts: one part of which the premise(s) is intended to provide a reason for accepting the other part (the conclusion).
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2. T/F? A claim is what you use to state an opinion or a belief?
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True! claim = when a belief (judgement, opinion) is asserted in a declarative sentence, the result is a claim or statement. (beliefs are the same as judgments and opinions)
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3. T/F? Critical thinking consists in attacking other people's ideas.
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False!
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4. T/F? Whether a passage contains an argument depends on how long it is.
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False
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6. T/F? All arguments have a premise.
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True! All arguments have a premise! But an argument also needs at least ONE premise. Without a premise, you have NO SUPPORT for the conclusion and so you don't have an argument.
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7. T/F? All arguments have a conclusion
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True! Arguments ALWAYS have a conclusion!
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8. T/F? You can reach a conclusion without believing it is true.
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? TRUE?
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9. T/F? Beliefs, judgments, and opinions are the same thing.
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TRUE!
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10. T/F? All opinions are subjective.
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FALSE! SOME opinions are NOT SUBJECTIVE because their truth or falsity is INDEPENDENT of what people think.
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11. T/F? All factual claims are true.
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True
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12. "There is nothing either good or bad or bad but that thinking makes it so" expresses a doctrine known as _____________?
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Moral subjectivism
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13. The first order of business when it comes to thinking critically about an issue: (a) to determine whether the issue is subjective or objective (b) to determine whether the issue can be resolved (c) NEITHER OF THESE
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Answer: C neither of these To determine what the issue is
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14. T/F? The conclusion of an argument states a position on an issue.
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False! **The premise of an argument does!
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15. T/F? Issues can be resolved only through scientific testing.
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False
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16. T/F? Critical thinking is a foolproof way of avoiding errors in thinking.
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False.
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17. T/F? The claim "Death Valley is an eyesore" is subjective.
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true!
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18. T/F? Every issue requires an argument for a resolution.
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False!
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19. Which one of thee doesn't belong? (a) therefore (b) consequently (c) thus (d) since (e) so
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(d) SINCE; does not belong
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20. T/F? It is not possible to reason correctly if you do not think critically.
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True!
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Exercise 1-5 (chapter 1); 1,4,7,8
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Some of these items are arguments, and some are not. divide them up correctly!
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1. Federer is unlikely to win the U.S. Open this year. He has a nagging leg injury, plus he just doesn't seem to have the drive he once had.
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This is an argument!
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4. Everybody is saying the president earned the Nobel Prize. What a stupid idea! He hasn't earned it all. There's not a lick of truth in that notion.
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NO Argument!
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7. professor X: well, I see where the new chancellor wants to increase class sizes. Professor Y: Yeah, another of his bright idea did not finish..
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No argument here!
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8. Yes, I charge a little more than other dentists. But I fell I give better service. So I think my billing practices are justified.
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I don't think its an argument?? it is subjective
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Excersise 1-6 (chapter 1); 1,4,7
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*arguments? *identify arguments conclusion
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1. The directory of Intentional communities lists more than 200 groups across the country organized around a variety of purposes, including environmentally aware living.
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No argument!
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4. Computers will never be able to converse intelligently through speech. A simple example proves this. The sentences "How do you recognize speech?" and "How do you wreck a nice beach?" have different meanings, but they sound similar enough that a computer could not distinguish between the two.
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argument! whose conclusion is that computers will never be able to converse intelligently through speech.
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7. Fears that chemicals in teething rings and soft plastic toys may cause cancer may be justified. Last week, the consumer product safety commissioner issued a report confirming that low amounts of DEHP, known to cause liver cancer in lab animals, may be absorbed from certain infant products.
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Argument! whose conclusion is that chemicals in teething rings and soft plastic toys cause cancer.
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Exercise 1-7 (chapter 1); 1, 4 ,7 9
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identify which letter item best states the primary issue
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1.
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Primary issue: (a) whether Hank ought to take the math course.
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4.
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Primary issue: (c) whether the mainstream media have lost interest in classical music.
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7.
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Primary issue: (b) whether the defeat of the school voucher initiative was bad for the country.
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9.
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Primary issue: (b) whether what we believe is agreeable to reason.
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Exercise 1-12 (chapter1); 1,4,5,7
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Which best states the PRIMARY ISSUE. Why do you think it is the correct one?
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1.
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Primary issue: (a) whether the catholic church;s influence was greater on women than on men in pre-civil war Spain.
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4.
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Primary issue: (e) None of the above the issue is whether the US should realize that reliance on imprisonment is not an effective method of reducing crime. (reliance = certainty based on past experience)
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5.
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Primary issue: (b) whether the fact that 100 deaths have been linked to tasers shows that the superintendent did the right thing by asking the police to not use tasers on children.
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7.
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Primary issue: (e) non of the above the issue is whether it is surprising that the winner of this year's spelling bee is a straight A student whose favorite subject is science.
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Exercise 1 -13 (chapter 1); 1,3,4
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on what issue is the speaker taking a position in each of these?
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1.
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whether Police brutality happens often.
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3.
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whether (gender) women of a supreme court justice handle cases differently due to their gender bias.
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4.
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Whether we have good reason to believe the would is independent of our minds.
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7.
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Whether it is the case that you should sign up for lessons on how to use a synthesizer if you buy one.
