Notes for The 8th Grade Social Studies Staar Test – Flashcards
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French and Indian War
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left Britain with huge debt and the desire to avoid future costly conflicts
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Proclamation of 1763
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law prohibited settlement west of Appalachian Mountains crest
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mercantilism
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trade practice whereby colonies enrich mother country by supplying raw materials and purchasing finished goods
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Stamp Act
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tax on legal documents and other printed papers
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"no taxation without representation"
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colonists argued the taxes were unconstitutional
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boycotts
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colonists refused to buy British goods
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Stamp Act riots
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civil disobedience harassment of tax collectors
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Intolerable Acts
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punished Massachusetts for Boston Tea Party
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Quartering Act
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required colonists to house British soldiers
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King George III
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King of Britain; his policies angered patriots
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patriots
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colonists who supported independence and Continental Army
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loyalists
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colonists who supported independence and Continental Army supported loyalists
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William Blackstone
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English lawyer
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Crispus Attucks
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died at Boston Massacre
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Samuel Adams
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advocated independence and resistance
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Abigail Adams
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advised John Adams and ran family farm
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John Adams
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advocated independence; Continental Congress delegate
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Patrick Henry
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Proclaimed, "Give Me Liberty, Or Give Me Death"
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Wentworth Cheswell
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rode all night to warn of British invasion
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George Washington
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Continental Army commander and skilled leader; retreated when necessary; led surprise attacks
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John Paul Jones
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declared in naval battle," I have not yet begun to fight!" Skilled Leader in Continental navy
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Mercy Otis Warren
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wrote anti-British and anti-loyalist plays
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James Armistead
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spied on British, posing as runaway black slave
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Thomas Paine
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wrote Common Sense, convincing many ordinary colonists to support independence from Britain
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Thomas Jefferson
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wrote majority of Declaration of Independence
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Benjamin Franklin
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secured French aid; advocated colonial unity
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Bernardo do Galvez
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shipped supplies to Americans; led Spanish troops to defeat British and deny southern port
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Haum Salomon
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helped finance war effort, broker
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1776
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colonies adopted Declaration of Independence
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Declaration of Independence
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separation from Britain
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unalienable rights
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God given like Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness
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Battles of Lexington
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first battles small colonial victories
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Battle of Saratoga
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Continental Army victory (turning point)
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Enduring the Winter at Valley Fore Pennsylvania
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thousands of Washington's troops died this winter
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Battle of Yorktown
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British surrender to Washington
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Treaty of Paris 1783
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officially ended war, defined u.s borders
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Articles of Confederation
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created U.S. government with limited powers
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strengths
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foreign treaties;national army;navy;westward expansion
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weaknesses
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could not tax, regulate commerce, or revise Articles without agreement of all thirteen states; no executive or judicial branches
