question

To be deviant, a person must:

answer

not conform to one of society's norms

question

Which of the following is incorrect?

answer

Deviants always purposely and knowingly break the law.

question

The self-fulfilling prophesy is associated with:

answer

Labelling theory

question

To study why women kill their abusive husbands, Robin plans to look at the positive and negative sanctions they weighed when deciding to do so. Which theory is Robin most likely using?

answer

Rational choice

question

Elizabeth argued that one reason women are abused by their husbands is because their unpaid labor is undervalued in society. Which perspective is Elizabeth most likely using?

answer

feminist

question

Zhen Wu lives in a rapidly changing society. Technology is changing more quickly than most people can keep up, and the government was recently overthrown. Zhen Wu as well as his family, friends, and neighbors experience a host of new opportunities, excitement, and anxiety. Which of the following is most likely to be the result of these changes?

answer

anomie

question

Smiles, frowns, and hugs are all examples of:

answer

informal external controls

question

The U.S. prison system was originally designed to:

answer

all of the above

question

Which of the following is an effective alternative to prison?

answer

Building social capital

question

"Members of society create deviance by defining certain behaviors as deviant." This statement most closely reflects:

answer

labeling theory

question

According to the data presented in the text, the United States has more crime than:

answer

all of the above

question

Which of the following is an example of a consensus crime?

answer

murder

question

"Deviance serves vital social functions." This statement most closely reflects:

answer

Structural-functional theory

question

Which of the following facts are untrue regarding hate crimes?

answer

Most are due to homophobia

question

Companies who fail to install adequate safety equipment because they feel pressured not to cut into their profits by spending money on safety features commit a crime against their employees. This behavior can best be explained by what theory?

answer

strain

question

_______ is defined as the violation of social norms.

answer

deviance

question

How does primary deviance differ from secondary deviance?

answer

Individuals are not labeled as "deviant" unless they commit secondary deviance.

question

Crimes against the company are more likely to occur when:

answer

The company is large

question

Susan would love to be a lawyer but cannot afford to go to law school. Her boyfriend suggested that she steal from her grandmother's estate in order to finance her education, but she refuses. Instead, she took a two-year course and became a librarian. Merton would classify Susan's actions as:

answer

Ritualism

question

According to social control theory, which of the following actions might influence a person to conform?

answer

all of the above

question

Recidivism is:

answer

Returning to prison after already serving a prior term

question

Kina is a 17-year-old young woman. Her parents describe her as sweet, kind, and responsible. They say she is this way because they encouraged her to attend church, study hard, and believe that "nice girls finish first." To which theory of deviance do Kina's parents most likely subscribe?

answer

Social control theory

question

Juan Carlos originally hoped to purchase a home. However, because he could not earn enough money to ever afford one, he decided that a home was no longer important. Instead, he found happiness through quitting his job, moving into a shack in the woods, and enjoying the solitude. Merton would classify Juan Carlos's adaptation to strain as:

answer

Retreatism

question

For the first time ever, Carson smoked marijuana just to experience it. People observing Carson doing this see this as a one-time behavior. According to labeling theory, Carson committed:

answer

primary deviance

question

Racketeering is:

answer

The extortion of funds in exchange for "protection"

question

By using ___________, a more accurate picture of crime may be seen.

answer

triangulation of multiple data sources

question

A belief that becomes a reality is:

answer

Self-fulfilling prophecy

question

Which theoretical perspective argues that deviance will always exist unless the current structure of society is changed dramatically?

answer

Conflict

question

Organized crime is more prevalent among:

answer

Marginalized ethnic groups

question

Anomie and strain are associated with the:

answer

Structural-functionalist perspective

question

"People learn to conform or deviate from the individuals they spend time with." With which theory does this statement best fit?

answer

Differential association

question

The forms of deviance in which formal penalties are imposed by society are considered ________.

answer

crimes

question

White-collar crime is:

answer

all of the above

question

In the study of the Saints and the Roughnecks, Chambliss found that:

answer

all of the above

question

Casey could not believe that her friends were continuing on to college after high school. She found it much more important to try to overthrow the current government, and she planned to chain herself to the capital building and stage a hunger strike until her demands were met. Merton would argue that Casey was coping with strain through:

answer

rebellion

question

The forms of deviance in which formal penalties are imposed by society are considered _______

answer

crimes

question

A justification to invade Iraq was "to bring democracy to the Iraqi people." This is an example of a(n) ________ justification for war.

answer

ideological

question

Which of the following scenarios best depicts how power operates at the micro-level?

answer

Husbands and wives often argue about the division of labor within the household.

question

Which of the following is not one of the characteristics shared by "ideal-type" democracies?

answer

They are usually headed by military juntas

question

Which of the following statements is true about charismatic leaders?

answer

They are effective during transitional periods but are often replaced by rational-legal leaders once affairs of state become stable.

question

According to your text, the oldest warring parties are:

answer

The Israelis and Palestinians

question

Which of the following individuals is credited with the most often used definition of power?

answer

Max weber

question

"Control is concentrated in the hands of the privileged, and the masses have little influence." This statement most closely reflects:

answer

Power elite theory

question

Jimmy's gang is warring with Francisco's gang. To keep Francisco from attacking, Jimmy has bought an assault rifle. This is an example of:

answer

deterrence

question

Which of the following scenarios best depicts how power operates at the meso-level?

answer

States make decisions about which corporations receive tax breaks.

question

In the 2008 U.S. presidential election, voter turnout was:

answer

62%

question

Which of the following economic systems stress individual planning and private ownership of property?

answer

MArket systems

question

Countries such as Sweden and Great Britain that have incorporated some democratic socialist ideas into their governmental policies are sometimes called:

answer

welfare states

question

Which of the following types of authority is held by leaders that have the expertise to carry out the duties of their positions?

answer

Rational-legal authority

question

Which of the following statements about elite theory is false?

answer

Elite theorists believe that no one group dictates all policy.

question

Which of the following social scientists distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate power?

answer

MAX WEBER

question

The two main forms of democratic constitutional government are:

answer

Parliamentary and presidential

question

____________________ theorists think underlying social problems cause disruptions to the system, including war, terrorism, and revolution.

answer

Functional

question

According to the text, which country accounts for 48 percent of world military spending?

answer

The US

question

Which of the following economic systems involve state-based planning and control of property?

answer

Centralized

question

According to your text, which of the following types of authority is passed on through the generations?

answer

Traditional authority

question

According to Weber, governments are given legitimate power when:

answer

Citizens acknowledge that the government has the right to exercise power over them

question

Which of the following types of authority is most typical of modern nation-states?

answer

Rational-legal authority

question

According to the text, which of the following is not a typical function of meso-level political institutions?

answer

To socialize new citizens

question

Which of the following types of authority is held by an individual with extraordinary personal characteristics?

answer

Rational-legal authority

question

According to the text, in which of the following countries is it a violation of the law to fail to vote?

answer

Australia

question

Which of the following scenarios best depicts how power operates at the micro-level?

answer

Husbands and wives often argue about the division of labor within the household.

question

According to the text, the goal of capitalism is:

answer

Profit

question

__________________ theorists focus on symbols and constructions of reality that allow some persons to assume power.

answer

Interaction

question

__________________ theorists believe political systems serve important purposes in society.

answer

Functional

question

_______________ refers to the social institution that determines and exercises power relations in society.

answer

politics

question

According to ___________, the U.S. flag has become a sacred icon.

answer

Exchange theorists

question

__________________ theorists believe that state protects the privileged position of a few, allowing them to consolidate power.

answer

conflict

question

Which of the following types of authority is most typical of modern nation-states?

answer

rational-legal authority

question

Which of the choices below is not true about terrorists?

answer

They generally act alone.

question

Which of the following scenarios best depicts how power operates at the micro-level?

answer

Husbands and wives often argue about the division of labor within the household.

question

_______________ refers to the social institution that determines and exercises power relations in society

answer

Politics

question

Which of the following scenarios best depicts how power operates at the meso-level?

answer

States make decisions about which corporations receive tax breaks.

question

All of the following individuals are considered charismatic leaders except:

answer

Captain Jack Sparrow (the pirate)

question

According to power elite theorists:

answer

It is inevitable that a small group will rule societies

question

"Power is distributed among various groups so that no one group rules." This statement is most likely to be made by a(n):

answer

Pluralist theorist

question

Which of the following is not necessary for a social movement?

answer

Shared social positions among members

question

According to the text, lynching, killings, and hate crimes are all examples of:

answer

Mobs

question

Your boss pressuring you to donate to the company charity when you have never supported the charity before is a:

answer

Stress

question

The spread of a new finding from one place to another is known as:

answer

diffusion

question

Bai-lin is studying a group of anarchists who are working to try to eliminate all government and government control as a whole from the United States, and encourage everyone to rule himself or herself instead. The group Bai-lin is studying is likely a part of a(n):

answer

Revolutionary movement

question

The theory of social change that assumes that change is inevitable because of inequality in society is:

answer

conflict

question

Which of the following statements about the history of the car is false?

answer

The car changed dating behavior, as it allowed women to travel farther to find husbands.

question

Matthew Shepard was killed by a group of young men simply because he was gay. The killing of Matthew Shepard is a form of:

answer

Crowd behavior

question

According to Ogburn, the findings of stem cell research are:

answer

discoveries

question

According to the text, which of the following models for planning organizational change combine both internal processes and the external environment?

answer

open systems models

question

According to world systems theory, what type of nation provides raw materials and cheap labor for production?

answer

Periphery nations

question

The impact that the large "baby boom" generation is having on the U.S. Social Security system is a:

answer

Strain

question

"A group seeking change can attempt to set up a situation in which desired behavior is rewarded." This statement most closely reflects:

answer

Rational choice theory

question

According to evolutionary theory, societies typically move through stages in which order?

answer

Hunting and gathering, horticultural, agrarian, industrial

question

Which of the following is not a necessary element for collective behavior to occur, according to value-added theory?

answer

strong social controls

question

Variations or alterations in the behavior patterns, culture, and structure of society are known as:

answer

social change

question

Which of the following is not true about social movements?

answer

The are usually begun by individuals within the power structure

question

Ulla wants to study the way that groups of individuals react to a terrorist attack in their area. She feels that their confusion following the attack will lead to the development of new definitions of acceptable behavior. Which theory is Ulla most likely using?

answer

Emergent norm theory

question

Which of the following statements about rumors is false?

answer

Rumors are a form of crowd behavior.

question

Which of the following is a proactive social movement?

answer

A group promoting gay marriage

question

Which of the following assumptions do sociologists make about social change?

answer

Some change can be controlled.

question

Which of the following is an example of strain experienced by an organization?

answer

Religious beliefs of management

question

Carlin wants to study the civil rights movement in the United States. His hypothesis is that the movement has actually been a series of slow, small changes that have helped society run more smoothly. Carlin is most likely using a ________ perspective.

answer

functionalist

question

A system of planned organizational change in which workers in the company are involved in the decision-making process to change the internal dynamics of a company to make it more efficient is a:

answer

Human relations approach

question

Thomas, a revolutionary sociologist, is organizing a social movement in Kentucky. Unfortunately, his social movement lacks a clear leadership structure, division of labor, or sense of group action. Thomas's social movement is best classified as:

answer

Mass behavior

question

An analysis of the payoffs in favor of change and the forces rewarding the status quo is known as a:

answer

Force-field analysis

question

Which of the following statements about terrorism is false?

answer

Modern terrorist organizations are national governments (e.g., Afghanistan, Iran, North Korea).

question

Which of the following is an example of a crowd behavior?

answer

Panics

question

Worldwide networks of labor resources and production processes that create a product are called:

answer

commodity chains

question

Which of the following is an example of a mass behavior?

answer

fads

question

The stage of a social movement in which the context for the movement is set is the ___________ stage.

answer

preliminary

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