question

In the social psychology experiment in which half of the participants believed that the name of the game was the wallstreet game and the other half that it was the community game, what was the resulting behavior?

answer

the name of the game influenced how competitively the participants played

question

Media speculation surrounding mass suicide is

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typically wrong or oversimplified because they underestimate the power of the situation

question

If Dr. Bacharach a social psychologist wants to understand why people intentionally hurt one another she will focus on

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the specific psychological process that trigger aggression in specific situations

question

Cynthia, Jamal, and Layra each interpret the new dress code at their school differently. This is an example of

answer

construal

question

Speaking before the audience at a conference Dr. Sentaria introduces the topic of social psychology as

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the scientific study of social influence

question

A social psychology research study on hazing revealed that the ______ the procedure participants underwent to get into the group the ____ they liked the group

answer

more unpleasant; more

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Marcel's pediatrician has urged his mother, Lucia to avoid using refined sugar in her son's diet. In choosing desserts for Marcel's school lunches, she overlooks the actual amount of sugar in a fruit snack product, because the box advertises \"healthy snack all natural sugar\", in choosing the product, Lucia has

answer

made a generalization based on the products package

question

The process of denial comes more from the desire to _____ than from the need to________-

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maintain one's self esteem; be accurate

question

In Gestalt psychology the emphasis is on

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construal

question

According to your text social psychologists dont rely on folk wisdom to understand psychosocial dynamics because

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the sources often disagree with one another

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Among the social sciences social psychology is concerned with

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how people are influenced by the interpretation of their social environment

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You can often trace peoples view on the world by focusing on their

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underlying need to maintain a favorable image of themselves

question

Most people have a strong need to maintain

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a fairly positive sense of themselves

question

Without key information about a particular experience most people try to understand someones behavior in a complex situation

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find the reason for that behavior in the personality of the individual involved

question

Sonia is a member of the college advisory board for student affairs. She feels strongly that parts of an upcoming fundraising event would disparage Native Americans and other persons of color; yet all the other members are in favor of the plan. Sonia is most likely to

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go along with the majority opinion

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Pedro is considering whom he will vote for in an important upcoming election. He is watching a commercial on television about one candidates political platform that is attempting to persuade constituents to vote for this individual. The commercial si an example of

answer

social influence

question

The text asserts that the reason human beings justify their past behavior is to

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maintain a positive picture of them

question

Which of the following statements accurately describes social psychology

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It is an experiment based science

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The term fundamental attribution error refers to

answer

the tendency most people have to explain peoples behavior in terms of their personalities

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In most cases _______ has been shown to be a good way to motivate people to take rational appropriate action to protect their health

answer

fear

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The certainty all of us have that we perceive things as they really are is called naive

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realism

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There are ______ major motives for construals

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two

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Social psychologists believe that most important dynamic in understanding human behavior is

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the impact of the social situation on people

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social cognition

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the way human beings perceive themselves and the world

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hypothesis

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educated guess about the specific situations under which one outcome or the other would occur

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Renata is a social psychologist professor at a large university. She has noticed a peculiar behavioral pattern among incoming freshmen and has designed a research study to satisfy her intellectual curiosity about this matter. Her study will be considered:

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basic research

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Sue and Juan are social psychologists who are interested in determining whether a relationship exists between children's aggressive behavior and how much violent television they watch. They will most likely design an________study.

answer

correlational

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Liu wants to determine whether a certain behavioral characteristic is unique to his culture. In order to make this determination he will conduct his research with members of several different cultures. The study he designs will be considered to be

answer

cross cultural

question

Raul and Paul have completed their research study on the effects of teenagers playing violent video games. They have found that there is a correlation between these two dynamics but are interested in whether they can generalize their findings to different age group. They are concerned wit the ________ of their findings.

answer

external validity

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Recent research findings indicate a positive correlation between children who drink milk and gaining weight. This finding supports the idea that

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when children drink milk they gain weight and milk is not presumed to be casual to their weight gain

question

Ron and Ami are traveling to a local school to conduct a research study with the student population. This is an example of

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field research

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When conducting cross cultural research scientists have to avoid

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projecting their own cultural norms on their subjects

question

If a researcher find that there is a correlation between two variables it may be due to the effect of a _______ variable

answer

third

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A __________ experiment is used when it is necessary for the students not to know the true purpose of a study or the events that transpire

answer

deception

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Interjudge reliability refers to

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the level of agreement between two or more people who independently observe and code a set of data

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Replication is the ultimate test of an experiments

answer

external validity

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An experimental researcher is required to change _________ aspects of the situation

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only one

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Diaries, novels, suicide notes, popular music lyrics, television shows, movies, magazines and newspaper articles could all be used in

answer

archival analysis

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When the football game was over, Alex stated that he knew they were going to win, Alex is displaying

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hindsight bias

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IRB stands for

answer

institutional review board

question

Central to the theory of evolution is the process of

answer

natural selection

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In the case of Kitty Geneovese's murder, researchers believe that ______ is the reason Genovese's neighbors did not take action to help

answer

diffusion of responsibility

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The _______ method is often used in surveys

answer

correlational

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The p-value refers to

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probability level

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The ________ is measured to see if it is influenced by the _________

answer

dependent variable, independent variable

question

There are ____ methods of research used in social psychology

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three

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Ethnography is the chief research method of

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cultural anthropology

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Researchers begin with a hunch of _____ that the researcher wants to test.

answer

hypothesis

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____ developed evolutionary theory

answer

Charles Darwin

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Dr.Liu explained the nature of the experiment to participants before it began and asked for their agreement to participate. This is called

answer

informed consent

question

People thought of themselves as more assertive when they were asked to list___ times that they acted assertively rather than ____ times.

answer

6:12

question

In an interview setting, self-fulfilling prophecies are most likely to occur when

answer

the interviewers are not paying careful attention to the person they are interviewing

question

_______ are particularly useful when we are in confusing situations because they help us figure out what is going on

answer

schema

question

Dr. Roberts quick diagnosis of Nicole, the young girl having neurological attacks was made using the

answer

availability heuristic

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Having an expectation about what another person is like influences your behavior toward that person which can

answer

make the person behave consistently with the expectation thus making it come true

question

The \"cocktail party effect\" is one example of

answer

unconscious thinking

question

Some online personality tests rely on the _____ to impress people with the results

answer

Barnum effect

question

Research conducted by Higgins and colleagues on the priming effect

answer

whether a person perceives neutral circumstances in a positive or negative manner is dependent upon which of these traits are primed and accessible

question

If someone you know has a mental illness you would more likely to presume a man acting strangely on the bus is suffering from a mental illness. This is an example of

answer

priming

question

To understand how people think about their social worlds we need to distinguish between

answer

automatic and controlled thinking

question

According to researchers _____ Olympic medalists are often ____ those who have earned _____ medals

answer

bronze, happier than silver

question

According to Baumeister social psychologists have put too much emphasis on ______ and have underestimated the value and power of ________

answer

automatic thinking controlled thinking

question

The best portrait of the social thinker is: whereas people are very sophisticated social thinkers who have amazing cognitive abilities

answer

there is always room for improvement

question

A good scientist would never

answer

be blind to truths that do not fit in their schemas

question

What is the best metaphor of human thinking?

answer

People are \"flawed scientists\" brilliant thinkers who are attempting to discover the nature of the social world in a logical manner, but to do so perfectly.

question

_______ refers to how other people behave toward the same stimulus

answer

consensus information

question

When raised with the values inherent in western cultures people develop a _______ thinking style. This style involves focusing on the properties of objects or people while paying much less attention if any to the context or situation that surrounds that object

answer

analytic

question

In a study where Americans rated canadian political candidates with who they were unfamiliar on dimensions of powerfulness and warmth the results

answer

correlated with the actual election results

question

Chinese students are not expected to attribute their success to

answer

themselves

question

the term nonverbal communication refers to

answer

the way people communicate intentionally or unintentionally without words

question

In the classic research study conducted by Jones and Harris, participants (college students) were asked to read an essay written by a fellow student that either supported or opposed Fidel Castro's rule in Cuba and then to guess how the author of the essay really felt about Castro. Which of the following reflects the findings?

answer

The students who read those essays frequently committed the fundamental attribution error by assuming the writer's opinion match the assigned opinion.

question

Implicit personality refers to

answer

schema

question

the belief in a just world is a _____ attribution that helps people maintain their vision of life as safe, orderly, and predictable

answer

defensive

question

Most people try to maintain self esteem whenever possible, even if it means distorting reality by changing a thought or belief. The author cites this as a reason people make

answer

self-serving attributions

question

People use schemas to fill in the gaps when

answer

they are unsure about the nature of the social world

question

Using broad gestures and frequent changes in voice pitch and inflection is a way to nonverbally communicate

answer

extroversion

question

the tendency to infer that people's behavior matches their dispositions and personality without external, situational causes has been called

answer

the correspondence bias

question

Masuda's eye tracking study results suggest that greater cortical activation occurred when participants were

answer

instructed to perceive objects in a way that was not typical for her or him

question

When one makes an external attribution regarding another persons behavior the cause is believed to be

answer

something in the situation

question

What is not meant by the term \"nonverbal communication\"

answer

sign language

question

All humans encode for

answer

express, emotions via facial expression

question

The process of making attributions has ___ steps

answer

two

question

In a study by Rule a brief glance at a photograph was enough time for participants to judge the subjects ___ above chance levels of accuracy

answer

sexual orientation

question

Melvin Lerner has called the assumption that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

answer

the belief in a just world

question

When we form quick impressions of people we use schemas to evaluate them for

answer

warmth and competence

question

Your text refers to the ___ major emotions

answer

six

question

How is shame displayed

answer

slumped shoulders and a sunken chest

question

People in _______ cultures are less likely to prefer dispositional attributions

answer

collectivist

question

_______ is focused upon answering the \"why\" questions to infer the causes of other peoples behavior

answer

attribution theory

question

Research indicates that we form initial implications of others based on their facial expressions in

answer

less than 100 milliseconds

question

As Carolina considers her future career path, she carefully mulls over her thoughts, feelings and motives. She is

answer

introspecting

question

The \"red dye\" studies suggest _______ have rudimentary self-concept.

answer

chimps, orangutans, and individual members of other species

question

Lin has been rethinking her relationship and decides to make a list of all the things that bothered her about her boyfriend's behavior. After composing and reviewing the list, Lin decides to break up with him because she feels his drinking is impairing his judgment and their relationship. This is an example of an

answer

reasons generated attitude change

question

Vicky volunteers to work with the homeless to help them become self-sufficient again. She enjoys this work and finds it rewarding. Vicky's motivation for this work is

answer

intrinsic

question

______ is demonstrated when people focus their attention on themselves to evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values

answer

self awareness theory

question

Human beings appear to be the only species that can _______ and engage in

answer

imagine events that have not yet happened

question

According to Schachter's two factory theory of emotion the first step to understanding our emotions is that we must

answer

experience physiological arousal

question

_________ is associated with depression and feelings that we are ineffective and not in control of our lives

answer

low self-esteem

question

Jamal explained to a friend that he was probably in a bad mood because he didn't get much sleep the previous night. Jamal was demonstrating

answer

casual theory

question

When we will need self control to perform an action in the near future research show that it helps

answer

to form specific information intentions in advance

question

Raul really enjoys spending time with his soccer teammates. This is an predictable response because men tend to have a high degree of ____________ interdependence.

answer

collective

question

Typically an _______ self-concept is concrete

answer

child's

question

What is not a potential problem with self-handicapping

answer

self-handicapping always causes unflattering attributions for our failure

question

Many of our mental processes occur

answer

outside of awareness

question

Impression management is the attempt to get others to see us

answer

the way we want to be seen

question

According to self-perception theory we infer our feelings

answer

when we are uncertain of how we feel

question

The state of having extremely high self-regard combined with a lack of empathy towards others is called

answer

narcissism

question

Although it varies from person to person most of us have ______ self-esteem

answer

relatively high

question

the theory of self-control that states we should have plenty of energy when we are trying to control our actions is called

answer

self regulatory resource model

question

When people act in ways that reduce the likelihood that they will succeed on a task in order to prevent unflattering attributions if they do fail, individuals can blame the obstacles instead of themselves. This is an example of

answer

behavioral self-handicapping

question

Feeling inferior to her new supervisor, Kit used flattery and praise as a means of

answer

ingratiation

question

Among college students scores on the _____ have been going up over the past several years

answer

Narcissistic personality inventory

question

Ted Singelis developed a questionnaire that measures the extent to which people view themselves as

answer

interdependent or independent

question

Academic grades are an example of

answer

performance contingent rewards

question

One study found that people who _________ were better able to regulate their emotions than those who did not

answer

drank lemonade sweetened with sugar

question

Controlled thinking is ______ because it requires _______.

answer

effortful, mental energy

question

According to the results of Rosenthal and Jacobsons study ______ of those students selected as \"bloomers\" raised their IQ scores by 10 points

answer

80%

question

In Rosenthal and Jacobson's study the \"bloomers\" did better because

answer

of self-fulfilling prophecy

question

In ________ thinking people focus on the overall context particularly the ways in which objects relate to each other

answer

holistic

question

What is rumination

answer

repetitively focusing on negative things in one life

question

No computer can match human beings in

answer

social thinking

question

Olympic silver medalists seem to be less happy than bronze medalists because

answer

they can more easily imagine coming in first and winning a gold medal

question

Ben is ruminating about a test he failed. Discounting his unwillingness to adequately prepare for this exam, he is changing aspects of his memory as a way of imaging how he might have attained a higher grade. Ben is engaging in

answer

counterfactual thinking

question

Like a pilot can override the automatic controls on an airplane human beings use controlled thinking to override

answer

automatic thinking

question

What is not a characteristic of automatic thinking

answer

it is an intentional process

question

Researchers discredited facilitated communication by

answer

asking the facilitators and the communication impaired people different questions

question

The process by which recent experiences increase the accessibility of a particular schema is called

answer

priming

question

Having continuity being able to relate new experiences to our past schemas

answer

is so important that people who lose this ability invent schemas where none exist

question

How people select interpret remember and use social information is referred to as

answer

social cognition

question

______ has been found to be a contributing factor to depression

answer

rumination

question

A mental shortcut we use to classify something according to how similar it is to a typical case is referred to as

answer

the representativeness heuristic

question

The name of the IBM computer that appeared on the television show Jeopardy is

answer

Watson

question

___________ are mental shortcuts people use to make judgments quickly and efficiently

answer

judgmental heuristics

question

In the now discredited practice of facilitated communication what did the facilitators believe they were doing

answer

allowing communication impaired people to expression themselves

question

According to Bartlett, schemas are mental structures that

answer

influence the information we notice think about and remember

question

People make mistakes in reasoning that can even make

answer

their faulty theories come true

question

If you want to generalize from a sample of information (ex: a group of welfare mothers) to a population (ex: all welfare mothers) you must have which type of sample?

answer

large, unbiased sample

question

When faced with competing personal goals it is often our _________ thought processes that in part make the decision based upon __________.

answer

unconscious which goal has been recently activated or primed

question

Walter is an avid bird watcher who catches a fleeting glimpse of a bird considered to be rare in his area. He discounts the possibility given the fact that no one has ever reported a sighting of this species within 200 miles of his home. Walter's dismissal of this possibility is an example of a person using ________ to assess a situation.

answer

base rate information

question

People are more likely to _______ if they believe they have free will

answer

help others

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